High-efficiency multi-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of efficient multi-process shell and tube heat exchangers, including pipe shell, first heat exchange tube bundle, second heat exchange tube bundle and pipe box. Pipe shell is equipped with water inlet pipe, water outlet pipe and pipe plate, and the pipe plate through-hole is connected with the heat exchange tube bundle pipe orifice. Pipe box and pipe plate form independent cavity, including inlet cavity, outlet cavity and transfer cavity. Inlet cavity is shunted refrigerant into first heat exchange tube bundle through refrigerant inlet interface, and its export is connected with the first chamber of transfer cavity;Transfer cavity is divided into first and second chambers by shunting component, and refrigerant is transferred to second chamber through gap, then distributed into second heat exchange tube bundle by shunting component, and finally discharged through refrigerant outlet interface of outlet cavity. Shunting component includes flow equalizing plate, and realizes uniform shunting through distribution hole, convex ring and recess, baffles are arranged in pipe shell to optimize flow channel and improve heat exchange efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of heat exchange equipment technology, specifically to a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used heat exchange devices in industrial fields, achieving efficient heat transfer through indirect contact between the fluids in the tubes and shell. Especially in the evaporation stage of refrigeration and air conditioning systems, the refrigerant undergoes a gas-liquid two-phase flow change, exhibiting complex flow characteristics and a tendency for phase separation. Uneven distribution of the two phases within the heat exchange tubes can lead to a significant decrease in localized heat transfer efficiency, and may even cause increased pressure drop and energy loss.

[0003] Traditional multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchangers typically consist of a shell, two sets of heat exchange tube bundles, and a tube box. The shell sidewalls have inlets and outlets for the shell-side fluid, and the interior is arranged with multiple single tubes forming heat exchange tube bundles. The tube bundles are connected to the tube box via tube sheets at both ends, forming an inlet chamber, an outlet chamber, and a simple transfer chamber to achieve multi-pass heat exchange. However, existing designs have significant shortcomings in the transfer chamber structure: due to limited internal space and the often inconsistent number of single tubes in adjacent processes, the refrigerant needs to be redistributed in the transfer chamber when switching processes (e.g., from the second process to the third). Currently, the transfer chamber lacks an active flow guiding structure, resulting in disordered collisions of the refrigerant within the confined space. This prevents uniform flow distribution and lacks directional flow guidance, causing a large amount of fluid to form localized eddies or stagnant zones due to chaotic flow paths, severely restricting the improvement of overall heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, optimizing the fluid distribution structure of the transfer chamber has become a key technical bottleneck in improving the performance of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and targeted optimization solutions are urgently needed. Utility Model Content

[0004] Purpose of the utility model: In order to overcome the above shortcomings, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a high-efficiency multi-pass shell and tube heat exchanger. By optimizing the fluid distribution structure of the transfer chamber and setting a flow distribution component with a flow equalization plate, distribution hole, raised ring and concave part, the refrigerant can be uniformly distributed and directionally guided during multi-pass switching, reducing local eddies and stagnant areas, solving the problems of decreased heat transfer efficiency, increased pressure drop and energy loss caused by uneven fluid distribution in traditional heat exchangers, and improving the overall heat exchange efficiency.

[0005] Technical Solution: This utility model provides a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger, including a tube shell, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe on the side wall of the tube shell, one end of the tube shell being closed and the other end being fitted with a tube sheet, the tube sheet having through holes; a first heat exchange tube bundle, each first heat exchange tube bundle including several single tubes, each single tube having a first inlet and a first outlet at its two ends; a second heat exchange tube bundle, each second heat exchange tube bundle including several single tubes, each single tube having a second inlet and a second outlet at its two ends; the first heat exchange tube bundle and the second heat exchange tube bundle are both disposed inside the tube shell, and the first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet, and the second outlet are all connected to the through holes. The tube box is sealed to the tube sheet. A set of grooves is provided on the side of the tube box facing the tube sheet, forming a set of independent cavities. Each set of cavities includes an inlet cavity, an outlet cavity, and a transfer cavity. The inlet cavity is connected to a refrigerant inlet port, which is directly opposite the first inlet pipe. Fluid refrigerant enters the inlet cavity through the refrigerant inlet port and then flows into the first heat exchange tube bundle. The outlet cavity is connected to a refrigerant outlet port, which is directly opposite the second outlet pipe. Fluid refrigerant flows through the second outlet pipe. After entering the outlet chamber, the refrigerant is discharged through the refrigerant outlet port. A flow-dividing assembly is connected to the second inlet, which divides the transfer chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber along the tube shell axial direction. The first outlet port faces the first chamber, allowing the fluid refrigerant to flow directly into it. The first and second chambers are connected by a gap between the flow-dividing assembly and the sidewall of the transfer chamber. Under pressure, the fluid refrigerant exits from the first outlet port, enters the first chamber, and then flows to the second chamber, where it is diverted by the flow-dividing assembly into the second inlet port. The flow-dividing assembly within the transfer chamber divides the chamber into a first and second chamber, utilizing the gap between the chambers to achieve orderly refrigerant flow. Simultaneously, the refrigerant liquid inlet port faces the first inlet port, and the refrigerant outlet port faces the second outlet port, ensuring uniform refrigerant flow distribution within each tube bundle and avoiding localized flow deviation.

[0006] Furthermore, in this application, a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes a flow distribution assembly comprising a flow equalization plate. The flow equalization plate is provided with distribution holes, the number of which corresponds one-to-one with the number of second inlet ports. A raised ring is provided on the side of the distribution hole away from the second chamber. The diameter of the raised ring remains constant, and its end is tapered and abuts into the second inlet port. A recess is provided on the side of the distribution hole facing the second chamber. The recess is funnel-shaped. Under pressure, the fluid refrigerant passes through the second chamber and enters the distribution hole from the recess, and then enters the second heat exchange tube bundle through the raised ring. The number of distribution holes on the flow equalization plate corresponds one-to-one with the number of second inlet pipes. Together with the funnel-shaped recess, the refrigerant is converged and guided to achieve equal distribution of refrigerant to each second heat exchange tube bundle, ensuring that each single tube obtains a uniform medium flow. The end of the raised ring is tapered and abuts into the second inlet pipe. The tapered structure fits tightly against the inner wall of the pipe, while the diameter of the raised ring hole remains unchanged, forming a physical sealing interface, which effectively prevents refrigerant from leaking or flowing across before entering the second heat exchange tube bundle.

[0007] Furthermore, in a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger of this application, an annular platform is provided on the circumferential sidewall of the transfer chamber. The flow equalization plate is adapted to the annular platform, and the annular platform limits the flow equalization plate radially along the shell. The annular platform on the circumferential sidewall of the transfer chamber provides rigid support for the flow equalization plate radially along the shell. Through the adaptation structure between the annular platform and the flow equalization plate, the radial displacement of the flow equalization plate is restricted, ensuring that the flow equalization plate is always in the preset installation position and avoiding positional displacement caused by fluid impact or equipment vibration.

[0008] Furthermore, the high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger of this application also includes at least one set of third heat exchange tube bundles. The corresponding set of cavities also includes at least one second transfer chamber. The second transfer chamber is also equipped with a flow-dividing component. The second transfer chamber receives the fluid refrigerant from the outlet of the third heat exchange tube bundle and distributes it to the inlet of the next-stage heat exchange tube bundle through the flow-dividing component. By adding at least one set of third heat exchange tube bundles and corresponding second transfer chambers, the heat exchange process can be flexibly expanded, allowing the refrigerant to sequentially pass through the first heat exchange tube bundle, the second heat exchange tube bundle, the third heat exchange tube bundle (and the next-stage tube bundle) to complete multi-stage continuous heat exchange. This breaks through the limitations of the original dual-pass design and further extends the heat exchange path. The combination of the third heat exchange tube bundles and the second transfer chambers forms a standardized heat exchange module. Each module is fluidly connected through the flow-dividing component, and the number of modules can be increased or decreased according to actual heat exchange requirements, allowing for flexible adjustment.

[0009] Furthermore, in this application, a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger has a refrigerant outlet located above the refrigerant inlet. This placement of the refrigerant outlet above the refrigerant inlet aligns with the phase change process of the refrigerant during heat exchange, adapting to the phase change from liquid to gaseous. The liquid refrigerant enters from below and gradually absorbs heat and vaporizes within the heat exchange tube bundle. The gaseous refrigerant, due to its lower density, naturally flows upward to the refrigerant outlet at the top, forming an orderly "bottom-in, top-out" phase change flow channel. This prevents gaseous refrigerant from accumulating at the bottom and hindering the entry of liquid refrigerant.

[0010] Furthermore, in this application, a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger is provided, wherein each single tube is made of stainless steel. Compared to copper single tubes, stainless steel is less expensive.

[0011] Furthermore, this application discloses a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger, in which multiple sets of baffles are provided inside the shell between the inlet and outlet pipes. These baffles support individual tubes and form a meandering flow path. A temperature sensing connector is located at the end of the shell furthest from the tube sheet. This temperature sensing connector can be connected to a temperature sensor to collect real-time temperature data of the shell-side medium, providing direct parameter data for the operation and control of the heat exchange system.

[0012] Furthermore, in this application, a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes a first liquid distribution plate and a second liquid distribution plate sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the tube shell within the inlet cavity. The first inlet is directly opposite the first liquid distribution plate. Both the first and second liquid distribution plates are provided with a plurality of liquid distribution holes, with the diameter of the liquid distribution holes on the second liquid distribution plate being larger than that on the first liquid distribution plate. The second liquid distribution plate first performs preliminary diversion of the refrigerant entering from the refrigerant inlet, and the first liquid distribution plate then performs secondary buffer diversion of the pre-diverted refrigerant. This two-stage progressive diversion reduces the initial impact pressure of the refrigerant.

[0013] Furthermore, in this application, a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger is provided, wherein the flow distribution plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Compared to metal flow distribution plates, the corrosion resistance and temperature resistance of PTFE extend its service life.

[0014] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. The high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger of this utility model divides the intermediate cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber by setting a flow distribution component with a flow equalization plate, distribution holes, raised rings and recesses in the intermediate cavity. The gap between the chambers is used to achieve orderly flow of refrigerant. At the same time, the distribution holes correspond one-to-one with the second inlet, the funnel-shaped recesses achieve convergence and guidance, and the raised rings form a sealing interface to prevent leakage. This effectively solves the problems of uneven fluid distribution, eddies and stagnant areas in the intermediate cavity of traditional heat exchangers, ensuring uniform flow and directional flow of refrigerant during multi-pass switching, significantly improving the overall heat transfer efficiency and reducing pressure drop and energy loss.

[0015] 2. The high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger of this utility model reduces the initial impact pressure through the progressive flow distribution of two-stage liquid equalization plates in the inlet cavity. At the same time, it supports the addition of a third heat exchange tube bundle and a second transfer cavity to achieve multi-pass expansion. The refrigerant outlet is located above the refrigerant inlet to optimize the flow channel in accordance with the phase change law. The stainless steel single tube reduces costs, the polytetrafluoroethylene flow equalization plate extends the service life, the baffle plate enhances shell-side heat exchange and is equipped with a temperature measuring connector for easy monitoring. The overall structure takes into account heat exchange stability, functional adaptability and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a first-person perspective view of an explosion of a high-efficiency multi-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to this utility model. Figure 3 This is a second-view explosion diagram of a high-efficiency multi-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to this utility model. Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of region A in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of region B in the middle; Figure 6 Exploded view of the pipe box and shunt assembly; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the splitter component structure; Figure 8 This is a simplified cross-sectional schematic diagram of a high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to this utility model; Figure 9 This utility model discloses a simplified cross-sectional schematic diagram of a high-efficiency multi-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which includes a third heat exchange tube bundle and a second transfer chamber.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the instruction manual: 1-Pipe shell, 11-Baffle plate, 12-Temperature measuring connector; 2-Inlet pipe; 3-Water outlet pipe; 4-Tube sheet, 41-Through hole; 5-First heat exchange tube bundle, 51-First inlet, 52-First outlet; 6-Second heat exchange tube bundle, 61-Second inlet, 62-Second outlet; 7-Pipe box, 71-Cavity, 711-Inlet cavity, 7111-First liquid distribution plate, 7112-Second liquid distribution plate, 7113-Distribution hole, 712-Outlet cavity, 713-Transfer cavity, 7131-First chamber, 7132-Second chamber, 7133-Ring platform, 714-Refrigerant liquid inlet, 715-Refrigerant gas outlet, 716-Second transfer cavity; 8-Flow splitter assembly, 81-Flow equalizer plate, 82-Distribution hole, 83-Protruding ring, 84-Recess; 9-Third heat exchange tube bundle. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1: Basic Dual-Flow Heat Exchanger (based on) Figures 1 to 8 ) This embodiment describes a standard dual-flow structure for a high-efficiency multi-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger, mainly referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 These accompanying figures illustrate the core components and their assembly relationships, ensuring uniform distribution and efficient flow of the refrigerant during the heat exchange process.

[0020] Structural description: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the heat exchanger includes a tube shell 1, with an inlet pipe 2 and an outlet pipe 3 on its side wall. One end of the tube shell 1 is closed, and the other end is fitted with a tube sheet 4, which has multiple through holes 41. Two sets of first heat exchange tube bundles 5 and two sets of second heat exchange tube bundles 6 are installed inside the tube shell 1. The first heat exchange tube bundle 5 includes several single tubes, each with a first inlet 51 and a first outlet 52 at its two ends; the second heat exchange tube bundle 6 also includes several single tubes, with a second inlet 61 and a second outlet 62 at its two ends. All tube ends are connected to the through holes 41. A tube box 7 is sealed to the tube sheet 4. The tube box 7 has a set of grooves on the side facing the tube sheet 4, which cooperate with the tube sheet 4 to form an independent cavity 71. The cavity 71 includes an inlet cavity 711, an outlet cavity 712, and a transfer cavity 713. The inlet cavity 711 is connected to a refrigerant liquid inlet port 714, and the outlet cavity 712 is connected to a refrigerant gas outlet port 715. Inside the pipe shell 1, between the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3, multiple sets of baffles 11 are provided to support the single pipe and form a meandering flow channel. A temperature measuring connector 12 is provided at the end of the pipe shell 1 away from the tube sheet 4. The single pipe is made of stainless steel to reduce costs.

[0021] Key Components Explained: Diverter assembly 8: Located at the second inlet 61, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown. The flow distribution assembly 8 includes a flow equalization plate 81, on which distribution holes 82 are provided. The number of distribution holes 82 corresponds one-to-one with the second inlet 61. A raised ring 83 is provided on the side of the distribution hole 82 away from the second chamber 7132. The diameter of the raised ring 83 remains unchanged, and the end is tapered, abutting into the second inlet 61. A recess 84 is provided on the side of the distribution hole 82 facing the second chamber 7132. The recess 84 is funnel-shaped. The flow equalization plate 81 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene to improve corrosion resistance and service life. A ring platform 7133 is provided on the circumferential sidewall of the transfer chamber 713, which is adapted to the flow equalization plate 81 and limits the flow equalization plate 81 radially along the pipe shell 1 to prevent displacement caused by fluid impact.

[0022] Inlet cavity 711 optimization: A first liquid distribution plate 7111 and a second liquid distribution plate 7112 are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the pipe shell 1 inside the inlet cavity 711. The first inlet pipe 51 is directly opposite the first liquid distribution plate 7111. Both the first liquid distribution plate 7111 and the second liquid distribution plate 7112 are provided with a plurality of liquid distribution holes 7113. The diameter of the liquid distribution holes 7113 on the second liquid distribution plate 7112 is larger than the diameter of the holes on the first liquid distribution plate 7111, realizing two-stage progressive flow division and reducing the initial impact pressure of the refrigerant.

[0023] Other details: The refrigerant outlet 715 is located above the refrigerant liquid inlet 714, following the refrigerant phase change law (liquid enters from below, gaseous state exits upwards). The baffle 11 forms a meandering flow channel to enhance shell-side heat transfer efficiency; the temperature measuring connector 12 is used to monitor the shell-side medium temperature.

[0024] Fluid flow process: After entering the inlet chamber 711 through the refrigerant inlet port 714, the refrigerant is diverted by two stages of equalizing plates 7111 and 7112 to the first inlet port 51 of the first heat exchange tube bundle 5. After absorbing heat in the first heat exchange tube bundle 5, the refrigerant is discharged from the first outlet port 52 and flows directly into the first chamber 7131 of the transfer chamber 713 (because the first outlet port 52 is directly opposite the first chamber 7131). Under pressure, the refrigerant flows through the gap between the diversion assembly 8 and the side wall of the transfer chamber 713 to the second chamber 7132. Subsequently, the refrigerant enters the distribution hole 82 from the recess 84 and is evenly distributed to the second inlet port 61 of the second heat exchange tube bundle 6 via the raised ring 83. After completing heat exchange in the second heat exchange tube bundle 6, the refrigerant enters the outlet chamber 712 from the second outlet port 62 and is then discharged through the refrigerant outlet port 715. The entire process ensures uniform diversion through the diversion assembly 8, reducing eddies and stagnation areas.

[0025] Summary of functional advantages: This embodiment achieves orderly flow and uniform distribution of refrigerant within the transfer chamber 713 through the flow distribution assembly 8's flow equalization plate 81, distribution hole 82, raised ring 83, and recess 84. The funnel-shaped recess 84 guides fluid convergence, while the conical raised ring 83 prevents leakage and improves sealing. Combined with the baffle plate 11 for optimized flow channels and the temperature sensing connector 12 for real-time monitoring, the overall heat exchange efficiency is improved by more than 10%. Simultaneously, the stainless steel single tube and the PTFE flow equalization plate 81 balance cost-effectiveness and durability. Figure 8 As shown in the simplified cross-sectional diagram, the structure is compact and the flow path is clear.

[0026] Example 2: Extended Multi-Pass Heat Exchanger (based on) Figure 9 ) This embodiment expands upon Embodiment 1 by adding a third heat exchange tube bundle 9 and a second transfer chamber 716, forming a three-pass heat exchange system. (See also...) Figure 9 A simplified cross-sectional diagram. This design offers flexible scalability and is suitable for scenarios with higher heat loads.

[0027] Structural description: like Figure 9As shown, the heat exchanger, based on the dual-flow structure of Embodiment 1, adds a third heat exchange tube bundle 9 and a corresponding second transfer chamber 716. The third heat exchange tube bundle 9 includes several single tubes, with the third inlet and third outlet at each end (not labeled in the figure). A second transfer chamber 716 is added to the corresponding cavity 71, and the second transfer chamber 716 also has a flow distribution component 8 (the structure is the same as in Embodiment 1, including a flow equalization plate 81, a distribution hole 82, a raised ring 83, and a recess 84). The second transfer chamber 716 is used to receive the fluid refrigerant from the outlet of the second heat exchange tube bundle 6 and distribute it to the inlet of the third heat exchange tube bundle 9 through the flow distribution component 8. The structure of the cavity 71 of the tube box 7 is expanded to ensure that the inlet chamber 711, outlet chamber 712, transfer chamber 713, and second transfer chamber 716 are independently separated. Other components such as the tube shell 1, baffle 11, and temperature measuring connector 12 remain unchanged.

[0028] Key Components Explained: The third heat exchange tube bundle 9 and the second intermediate chamber 716: The number of individual tubes in the third heat exchange tube bundle 9 can be adjusted according to requirements, and it is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchange tube bundle 6. The internal structure of the second intermediate chamber 716 is similar to that of the intermediate chamber 713, and it is equipped with a ring platform 7133 to limit the flow equalization plate 81. The flow distribution assembly 8 has the same function in the second intermediate chamber 716, ensuring that the refrigerant is evenly distributed to the third inlet.

[0029] Modular expansion: The third heat exchange tube bundle 9 and the second transfer chamber 716 form a standardized module, which can be added or removed according to heat exchange requirements (such as supporting four processes or more). The positions of the inlet chamber 711 and outlet chamber 712 are optimized, and the refrigerant outlet port 715 is always located above the refrigerant liquid inlet port 714 to adapt to the phase change process.

[0030] Fluid flow process: Fluid refrigerant enters the inlet chamber 711 through the refrigerant inlet port 714 and is diverted to the first heat exchange tube bundle 5. After heat exchange, it enters the transfer chamber 713 and is distributed to the second heat exchange tube bundle 6 via the diversion assembly 8. After completing the second stage of heat exchange in the second heat exchange tube bundle 6, the refrigerant flows from the second outlet port 62 into the first chamber 7131 of the second transfer chamber 716 (similar to Embodiment 1). The refrigerant flows through the gap to the second chamber 7132 and is then evenly distributed to the inlet of the third heat exchange tube bundle 9 via the recess 84, distribution hole 82, and raised ring 83 of the diversion assembly 8. After completing the final heat exchange in the third heat exchange tube bundle 9, the refrigerant enters the outlet chamber 712 from the third outlet port and is discharged through the refrigerant outlet port 715. The multi-stage diversion assembly 8 ensures consistent flow rates in each process and avoids flow deviation.

[0031] Summary of functional advantages: This embodiment extends the heat exchange path and improves heat exchange efficiency by adding a third heat exchange tube bundle 9 and a second transfer chamber 716. The standardized design of the flow distribution assembly 8 (flow equalization plate 81 and recess 84) enables seamless connection of refrigerant between modules, reducing stagnation areas. The modular structure allows for flexible configuration and is suitable for large-scale refrigeration systems. At the same time, the temperature sensing connector 12 and the baffle plate 11 maintain efficient monitoring and flow channel optimization, improving overall energy efficiency.

[0032] The above embodiments are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the technical concept and features of this utility model, so that those skilled in the art can understand the content of this utility model and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this utility model should be covered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger, characterized in that: include: The pipe housing (1) has an inlet pipe (2) and an outlet pipe (3) on its side wall. One end of the pipe housing (1) is closed and the other end is fitted with a tube plate (4). The tube plate (4) has a through hole (41). A first heat exchange tube bundle (5) is provided. Each first heat exchange tube bundle (5) includes several single tubes. The two ends of each single tube are a first inlet (51) and a first outlet (52). A second heat exchange tube bundle (6) is provided. Each second heat exchange tube bundle (6) includes several single tubes. The two ends of each single tube are a second inlet (61) and a second outlet (62). The first heat exchange tube bundle (5) and the second heat exchange tube bundle (6) are both located inside the tube shell (1). The first inlet (51), the first outlet (52), the second inlet (61), and the second outlet (62) are all connected to the through hole (41). The tube box (7) is sealed to the tube sheet (4). The tube box (7) has a set of grooves on the side facing the tube sheet (4) to form a set of independent cavities (71) in cooperation with the tube sheet (4). Each set of cavities (71) includes an inlet cavity (711), an outlet cavity (712), and a transfer cavity (713). The inlet chamber (711) is connected to a refrigerant liquid inlet port (714), which is directly opposite the first inlet port (51). Fluid refrigerant enters the inlet chamber (711) through the refrigerant liquid inlet port (714) and then flows into the first heat exchange tube bundle (5). The outlet chamber (712) is connected to a refrigerant gas outlet port (715), which is directly opposite the second outlet port (62). Fluid refrigerant enters the outlet chamber (712) through the second outlet port (62) and then flows out through the refrigerant gas outlet port (715). A flow splitting assembly (8) is connected to the second inlet port (61). The component (8) divides the transfer chamber (713) into a first chamber (7131) and a second chamber (7132) along the axial direction of the pipe shell (1); the first outlet (52) is directly opposite the first chamber (7131) so that the fluid refrigerant flows directly into the first chamber (7131); the first chamber (7131) and the second chamber (7132) are connected by the gap between the diversion component (8) and the side wall of the transfer chamber (713); under pressure, the fluid refrigerant is discharged from the first outlet (52) and enters the first chamber (7131) and then flows to the second chamber (7132), and is diverted into the second inlet (61) by the diversion component (8).

2. The high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow distribution assembly (8) includes a flow equalization plate (81), on which a distribution hole (82) is provided. The number of distribution holes (82) corresponds one-to-one with the number of second inlet ports (61). A raised ring (83) is provided on the side of the distribution hole (82) away from the second chamber (7132). The diameter of the raised ring (83) remains unchanged, and the end is tapered and abuts into the second inlet port (61). A recess (84) is provided on the side of the distribution hole (82) facing the second chamber (7132). The recess is funnel-shaped. Under pressure, the fluid refrigerant passes through the second chamber (7132) and enters the distribution hole (82) from the recess (84), and then enters the second heat exchange tube bundle (6) through the raised ring (83).

3. A high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transfer cavity (713) has an annular platform (7133) on its circumferential sidewall. The flow equalization plate (81) is adapted to the annular platform (7133), and the annular platform (7133) limits the flow equalization plate (81) radially along the pipe shell (1).

4. A high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one set of third heat exchange tube bundles (9), and the corresponding set of cavities (71) also includes at least one second transfer cavity (716). The second transfer cavity (716) is also provided with a flow splitting component (8). The second transfer cavity (716) is used to receive the fluid refrigerant from the outlet of the set of third heat exchange tube bundles (9) and distribute it to the inlet of the next stage heat exchange tube bundle through the flow splitting component (8).

5. A high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refrigerant outlet (715) is located above the refrigerant inlet (714).

6. A high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single tube is made of stainless steel.

7. A high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipe shell (1) has multiple sets of baffles (11) between the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3). The baffles (11) are used to support a single pipe and form a meandering flow channel. The pipe shell (1) has a temperature measuring connector (12) at the end away from the tube sheet (4).

8. A high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet cavity (711) is provided with a first liquid equalization plate (7111) and a second liquid equalization plate (7112) in sequence along the axial direction of the pipe shell (1). The first inlet (51) is directly opposite the first liquid equalization plate (7111). The first liquid equalization plate (7111) and the second liquid equalization plate (7112) are each provided with a plurality of liquid distribution holes (7113). The diameter of the liquid distribution holes (7113) on the second liquid equalization plate (7112) is larger than the diameter of the liquid distribution holes (7113) on the first liquid equalization plate (7111).

9. A high-efficiency multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow equalization plate (81) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

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