A tunnel structure surrounding rock stress dynamic monitoring device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of tunnel structure surrounding rock stress dynamic monitoring devices, including support leveling module and stress sensing module, support leveling module is adjusted support frame installation angle by positioning calibration piece, support frame includes outer support structure and inner bearing structure, stress sensing module is positioned horizontally to surrounding rock pressure sensor by elastic positioning module, upper and lower isolation module realizes double seal.The utility model realizes the angle adjustment of support frame by positioning calibration piece, solves complex geological leveling problem, stress sensing module is multidirectional elastic clamping by elastic positioning module, without drilling hole, it can be fixed sensor without injury, and adapt to different diameter, the double seal design of upper and lower isolation module, in combination with flow state mortar secondary leveling, effectively insulate external interference and ensure that sensor and geotechnical body are closely adhered, improve anti-interference ability, guarantee the precision and stability of monitoring under the complex construction environment of tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel construction monitoring equipment, and specifically to a dynamic monitoring device for the surrounding rock stress of a tunnel structure. Background Technology

[0002] Large-section loess tunnels, characterized by dense vertical fissures, high porosity, loose structure, and low density, exhibit high strength under natural conditions but are prone to disintegration and spalling upon contact with water, generally exhibiting collapsibility. As a critical node in regional transportation, real-time monitoring of pressure changes between the surrounding rock and the initial lining using earth pressure gauges is essential during tunnel construction. However, the installation and operation of earth pressure gauges at locations such as the tunnel arch present numerous challenges: traditional installation methods struggle to guarantee installation accuracy, and the impact force generated during shotcreting can easily cause displacement of the earth pressure gauge, resulting in poor contact between the pressure-sensing interface and the soil mass, leading to stress concentration or suspension, severely affecting measurement accuracy. Furthermore, concrete slurry may seep into the internal gaps of the equipment, further interfering with its normal operation. This invention proposes a new solution to address these problems. Utility Model Content

[0003] To overcome at least one of the aforementioned drawbacks, this utility model provides a dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures. The objective of this utility model can be achieved by adopting the following technical solution: This application provides a dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures, comprising: A support leveling module is provided, comprising a support frame and a positioning calibration component. The support frame includes an outer support structure and an inner load-bearing structure. The inner load-bearing structure is embedded in the outer support structure. The positioning calibration component is movably connected to the outer peripheral area of ​​the outer support structure. The positioning calibration component can move along the normal direction of the support frame to adjust the installation angle of the support frame. A stress sensing module includes a surrounding rock pressure sensor, an elastic positioning module, a lower isolation module, and an upper isolation module. The surrounding rock pressure sensor is located within the inner bearing structure. The lower and upper isolation modules are disposed on both sides of the surrounding rock pressure sensor and form a seal within the space of the inner bearing structure. The elastic positioning module includes several elastic plates connected to the inner wall of the inner bearing structure. Each elastic plate protrudes towards the surrounding rock pressure sensor to contact its sidewall and apply elastic force to achieve horizontal positioning.

[0004] In one possible implementation, the two ends of the elastic sheet are installed on the same side wall of the inner bearing structure to form a structure with a large chord length and a small arch height; or the two ends of the elastic sheet are respectively installed on adjacent side walls of the inner bearing structure to form a structure with a small chord length and a large arch height. In its natural state, the distance between the elastic sheet of the large chord length and small arch height structure and the axis of the inner bearing structure is greater than the distance between the elastic sheet of the small chord length and large arch height structure and the axis of the inner bearing structure.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the upper isolation module includes an upper isolation plate and a buffer pad. The buffer pad is disposed on the inner wall of the inner bearing structure and has a relief groove for avoiding the elastic sheet.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the upper isolation plate includes a plate and fastening pins. The fastening pins are evenly arranged on the side of the plate away from the surrounding rock pressure sensor. Each fastening pin includes a fastening pin root connected to the plate and a fastening pin head disposed on the fastening pin root. The outer diameter of the fastening pin head is larger than the outer diameter of the fastening pin root.

[0007] In one possible implementation, a groove is provided at the root of the fastening pin, and concrete fills the groove and wraps around the head of the fastening pin.

[0008] In one embodiment, the lower isolation module includes a lower isolation plate, a leveling filling layer, and a sealing ring. The lower isolation plate is placed on the contact side between the surrounding rock pressure sensor and the rock and soil to be tested. The upper surface of the leveling filling layer, formed by the curing of the fluid mortar, is in close contact with the pressure-sensing interface of the surrounding rock pressure sensor. The inner bearing structure has a cut to accommodate the sealing ring. The sealing ring is elastic and covers the outer periphery of the lower isolation plate, so that the lower isolation plate and the inner bearing structure are sealed together.

[0009] In one possible implementation, both the outer support structure and the inner load-bearing structure adopt an equilateral triangular hollow frame design. The outer support structure and the inner load-bearing structure are on the same horizontal reference plane and arranged coaxially. The corners of the inner load-bearing structure are structurally connected to the sides of the outer support structure through rigid connectors. A bubble level is provided on the side of the outer support structure. The lower isolation plate and the upper isolation plate are both triangular structures that match the cross-sectional shape of the inner load-bearing structure.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the number of elastic sheets is three, and the elastic sheets are disposed at the corners or edges of the inner bearing structure. The three elastic sheets are evenly disposed circumferentially on the outer periphery of the surrounding rock pressure sensor.

[0011] In one possible implementation, an elastic sealing plug is also included. The surrounding rock pressure sensor is connected to a signal transmission line. Cable passage holes are machined at corresponding positions of the outer support structure and the inner bearing structure. The elastic sealing plug is sleeved outside the signal transmission line to form a sealing interface between the signal transmission line and the cable passage hole.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the outer support structure has an anchoring hole at the corner position that is axially aligned with the surrounding rock pressure sensor. The positioning calibration component includes a positioning pin, a spring, and a locking nut. The positioning pin passes through the anchoring hole and forms a force-bearing connection with the rock and soil. The spring is sleeved on the positioning pin and placed in the buffer area between the support frame and the rock and soil. The locking nut achieves axial locking of the positioning pin at the far end of the support frame through threaded engagement.

[0013] The beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows: According to the present disclosure, the tunnel structure surrounding rock stress dynamic monitoring device adopts an inner and outer nested support frame structure through the support leveling module, combined with an axially movable positioning calibration component, to achieve precise adjustment of the support frame installation angle. This effectively solves the problem of difficulty in leveling traditional monitoring equipment under complex geological conditions, providing a stable reference surface for subsequent measurements. The stress sensing module, through the multi-directional elastic clamping design of the elastic positioning module, avoids the process of drilling holes in the inner bearing structure to install clamps, and achieves non-destructive fixation of the surrounding rock pressure sensor through elastic sheets. The adaptive design of the elastic positioning module can automatically adjust the clamping force according to sensors of different diameters, ensuring both fixation reliability and avoiding overload damage. This avoids the risk of mechanical damage to the sensor caused by traditional clamps. The double sealing design of the lower and upper isolation modules effectively isolates the sensor from external environmental interference. The lower isolation module, through a secondary leveling process using flowing mortar, ensures a tight fit between the sensor pressure-sensing interface and the soil, significantly improving anti-interference capabilities. It can still maintain stable operation in complex construction environments such as tunnel shotcrete, providing reliable technical support for surrounding rock stress monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The following are given by way of example and without limitation in the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This invention presents a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This diagram shows the overall structure of the dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A perspective view of the structure of the dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to an embodiment of this utility model is shown. Figure 4 This diagram shows a partial structural unfolding of the dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A of the upper isolation plate in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of section B in the middle; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the upper isolation plate according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the fastening pin according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 9 This diagram shows a structural schematic of a support frame and an elastic positioning module from one angle, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 This diagram shows an unfolded structure of the support frame and elastic positioning module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This diagram shows a structural schematic of the support frame and elastic positioning module from another angle, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the support frame, elastic positioning module, and bubble level from one angle, representing another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of the support frame, elastic positioning module, and bubble level from another angle, representing another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the support frame of an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0015] In the picture: 100. Support leveling module; 110. Support frame; 111. External support structure; 1111. Anchor hole; 1112. Cutout; 1113. Cable passage hole; 112. Internal load-bearing structure; 120. Positioning calibration component; 121. Positioning pin; 122. Spring; 123. Locking nut; 130. Bubble level; 200. Stress sensing module; 210. Surrounding rock pressure sensor; 211. Signal transmission line; 212. Elastic sealing plug; 220. Lower isolation module; 221. Lower isolation plate; 222. Leveling filling layer; 223. Sealing ring; 230. Upper isolation module; 231. Upper isolation plate; 2311. Plate; 2312. Fastening pin; 23121. Fastening pin root; 23122. Fastening pin head; 23123. Groove; 232. Buffer pad; 240. Elastic positioning module; 241. Elastic sheet; 242. Bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0016] In the following detailed disclosure, these embodiments are fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand and clarify the technical solution of this utility model more clearly, the embodiments described below are not limited thereto. The present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0017] In this utility model, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "join," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "join" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0018] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0019] This application provides a dynamic monitoring device for the surrounding rock stress of a tunnel structure, such as... Figures 1-14 As shown, the system includes a support and leveling module 100 and a stress sensing module 200. The support and leveling module 100 includes a support frame 110 and a positioning calibration component 120. The support frame 110 includes an outer support structure 111 and an inner load-bearing structure 112. The inner load-bearing structure 112 is embedded in the outer support structure 111. The positioning calibration component 120 is movably connected to the outer periphery of the outer support structure 111 and can move along the normal direction of the support frame 110 to adjust the installation angle of the support frame 110. The stress sensing module 200 includes a surrounding rock pressure sensor. 210, elastic positioning module 240, lower isolation module 220 and upper isolation module 230. The surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 is located inside the inner bearing structure 112. The lower isolation module 220 and upper isolation module 230 are respectively disposed on both sides of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 and form a seal in the space inside the inner bearing structure 112. The elastic positioning module 240 includes a number of elastic sheets 241 connected to the inner wall of the inner bearing structure 112. The number of elastic sheets 241 protrude toward the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 and are used to contact the side wall of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 and apply elastic force to achieve horizontal positioning.

[0020] The tunnel structure surrounding rock stress dynamic monitoring device provided in this embodiment, through the use of an inner and outer nested support frame 110 structure in the support leveling module 100, combined with the axially movable positioning calibration component 120, achieves precise adjustment of the installation angle of the support frame 110, effectively solving the problem of difficulty in leveling under complex geological conditions for traditional monitoring equipment, and providing a stable reference surface for subsequent measurements. The stress sensing module 200, through the multi-directional elastic clamping design of the elastic positioning module 240, achieves non-destructive fixation of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 through the elastic sheet 241. The elastic positioning module 240... The adaptive design can automatically adjust the clamping force according to sensors of different diameters, ensuring both fixation reliability and avoiding overload damage. It avoids the risk of mechanical damage to sensors caused by traditional clamps. The double sealing design of the lower isolation module 220 and the upper isolation module 230 effectively isolates the sensor from external environmental interference. The lower isolation module 220, through the leveling process of fluid mortar, ensures a tight fit between the sensor pressure-sensing interface and the soil, significantly improving anti-interference ability. It can still maintain stable operation in complex construction environments such as tunnel shotcrete, providing reliable technical support for surrounding rock stress monitoring.

[0021] The nested support frame 110 structure consists of an outer support structure 111 and an inner load-bearing structure 112 forming the mounting base. The outer support structure 111 serves as the main frame, and its outline dimension is larger than that of the inner load-bearing structure 112, forming a nested structure with the outer part larger than the inner part. The stress distribution is optimized through the size difference, providing a reliable installation reference for the subsequent stress sensing module 200, and enabling the support frame 110 to adapt to the vibration environment during tunnel construction.

[0022] The positioning calibration component 120 is assembled along the normal direction of the support frame 110, with one end anchored in the soil and rock to be tested. By adjusting the connection position between the positioning calibration component 120 and the corner of the support frame 110, the installation angle of the support frame 110 can be dynamically adjusted so that it forms a precise horizontal fit with the surface of the soil and rock, thereby completing the initial leveling operation.

[0023] Furthermore, the positioning calibration component 120 adopts a corner arrangement scheme. Through spatial optimization design, it is relatively far away from the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 relative to the anchor hole 1111. This effectively avoids the disturbance of the surrounding rock and soil structure caused by drilling operations, significantly reduces the potential impact of external construction on the sensor measurement accuracy, and ensures the reliability of monitoring data.

[0024] The stress sensing module 200 is assembled in the inner area of ​​the inner bearing structure 112. The space formed by the inner bearing structure 112 is used to effectively constrain and fix the core sensing unit. Isolation plates are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 to create a relatively closed assembly environment, which effectively isolates the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 from the external working space. This effectively prevents impurities such as dust, rock fragments and concrete slurry generated during construction from entering the internal space of the inner bearing structure 112, thereby avoiding adverse effects on the detection performance of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 due to contaminants coming into contact with it, and effectively ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0025] The elastic positioning module 240 avoids the process of drilling holes in the inner bearing structure 112 to install clamps. By using elastic plates 241 installed on the inner side wall, the physical requirements for fastener installation are met, improving the integrity of the structural sealing surface. It effectively isolates the dust particles, rock debris, and high-pressure sprayed concrete slurry dispersed in the construction environment. The internal cavity where the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 is located can maintain a highly clean and undisturbed physical environment under complex and changing construction conditions. The elastic positioning module 240 replaces all exposed clamping devices, fundamentally cutting off the possibility of external impurities intruding along the installation channel, ensuring the long-term stability of the equipment.

[0026] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 4 as well as Figures 9-11 As shown, the elastic sheet 241 is installed at both ends on the same side wall of the inner load-bearing structure 112, forming a structure with a large chord length and a small arch height; or as shown... Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the elastic sheet 241 has adjacent sidewalls of the inner bearing structure 112 at both ends, forming a small chord long arch height structure.

[0027] Among them, such as Figure 11 and Figure 13 As shown, in its natural state, the distance between the elastic sheet 241 of the large chord length and small arch height structure and the axis of the inner bearing structure 112 is greater than the distance between the elastic sheet 241 of the small chord length and large arch height structure and the axis of the inner bearing structure 112.

[0028] Among them, such as Figures 9-11As shown, this embodiment provides an installation method for the elastic sheet 241, namely, the elastic sheet 241 is installed at both ends on the same sidewall of the inner bearing structure 112, forming a large chord length and small arch height structure. This allows the elastic sheet 241 to generate a relatively gentle and evenly distributed elastic restoring force along a direction with a large span when compressed, providing a wider, nearly planar flexible support surface that can better adapt to and stably wrap around the side of the large-diameter surrounding rock pressure sensor 210. Compared with another small chord length and large arch height structure installed across the sidewall, although the pressure per unit area of ​​the large chord length and small arch height structure may be slightly lower, its advantage lies in forming a larger contact area with the sensor sidewall. This ensures clamping firmness while optimizing the force distribution and reducing the risk of plastic deformation of the sensor body or the elastic sheet 241 itself due to contact stress concentration, effectively improving the long-term reliability of the fixing structure.

[0029] Among them, such as Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, this embodiment provides another installation method for the elastic sheet 241, namely, the two ends of the elastic sheet 241 are installed on the adjacent sidewalls of the inner bearing structure 112 to form a small chord length and long arch height structure. When the elastic sheet 241 is compressed, its stored deformation potential energy can be converted into a strong radial clamping force pointing towards the sidewall of the sensor, which can achieve effective constraint in a small space. Especially when applied to fixing a small-diameter surrounding rock pressure sensor 210, compared with the large chord length and small arch height structure installed on the same sidewall, the small chord length and long arch height structure can provide significant clamping force in a limited space, effectively preventing horizontal displacement or rotation of the small sensor, while ensuring the uniformity and rationality of the constraint force distribution. It not only solves the problem of accurate positioning in a narrow space, but also effectively improves the versatility and adaptability of the sensor in different installation positions through its symmetrical mechanical layout.

[0030] Furthermore, the installation method of the elastic plate 241 allows for adaptive fixing of pressure sensors with different diameters. When using a standard-sized elastic plate 241, the large chord length and small arch height structure offsets the sensor from its geometric center; conversely, the small chord length and large arch height structure brings the sensor closer to the center. The elastic plate 241, connected by bolts 242, can be flexibly fixed at both ends to the same or adjacent sidewalls of the inner bearing structure 112 according to the sensor size, forming a stable elastic support for the sensor sidewall. This avoids the need to replace special clamps for different sensor sizes, effectively improving the flexibility and applicability of the device.

[0031] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the upper isolation module 230 includes an upper isolation plate 231 and a buffer pad 232. The buffer pad 232 is disposed on the inner wall of the inner bearing structure 112 and has a relief groove for avoiding the elastic sheet 241.

[0032] Among them, the leveling and filling layer 222 is smoothed on site. The construction scope of the leveling and filling layer 222 is the triangular area inside the buffer pad 232. It is leveled by self-flowing fluid mortar and forms a leveling and filling layer 222 with a horizontal upper surface after curing.

[0033] Among them, the buffer pad 232, through its elastic material properties, blocks the erosion of internal components by the construction medium, and absorbs lateral interference force through deformation, thus avoiding the stress concentration problem caused by traditional rigid connections.

[0034] By creating clearance grooves for the elastic sheet 241 on the buffer pad 232, interference or improper compression between the elastic sheet 241 and the buffer pad 232 is avoided. By reserving space, the degree of freedom of movement and rebound effect of the elastic sheet 241 are ensured, thus ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the elastic sheet 241 during the elastic clamping process.

[0035] In one possible implementation, such as Figures 2-8 As shown, the upper isolation plate 231 includes a plate 2311 and fastening pins 2312. The fastening pins 2312 are evenly arranged on the side of the plate 2311 away from the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210. The fastening pin 2312 includes a fastening pin root 23121 connected to the plate 2311 and a fastening pin head 23122 provided on the fastening pin root 23121. The outer diameter of the fastening pin head 23122 is larger than the outer diameter of the fastening pin root 23121.

[0036] To further optimize the connection performance with the shotcrete, several evenly distributed protrusions are provided on the side of the upper isolation plate 231 away from the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210. The root of the fastening pin 23121 (fixed end) is connected to the upper isolation plate 231 and extends along the normal direction of the plate 2311. To improve the mechanical interlocking effect, the free end of the fastening pin 2312 is provided with a head, the outer diameter of the head is larger than the outer diameter of the root, so as to form an annular flange structure, which improves the adhesion and integrity of the upper isolation plate 231 to the subsequent shotcrete.

[0037] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a groove 23123 is provided at the root of the fastening pin 23121, and concrete fills the groove 23123 and wraps around the head 23122 of the fastening pin.

[0038] The groove 23123 structure designed at the root of the fastening pin 23121 significantly increases the contact area between the concrete and the fastening pin 2312. After the concrete hardens, it will form an integral structure that tightly wraps the fastening pin 2312, ensuring that the interface stress can be effectively transferred, thereby improving the overall measurement accuracy.

[0039] The fastening pin root 23121 may include several separate root units, and the grooves 23123 formed between the root units provide gaps for concrete to flow in and fill. After the concrete cures, it forms a base that tightly wraps the fastening pin root 23121 and the fastening pin head 23122 together, which greatly increases the contact area between the concrete and the fastening pin 2312, provides a better bonding area and bonding force, and solves the risk of loosening due to insufficient adhesion by means of the grooves 23123, thereby improving the reliability of the connection between the upper isolation plate 231 and the concrete structure.

[0040] Understandably, the root units can be designed specifically as needed. The number of root units can be two, with the two root units facing each other and forming a straight groove 23123 between them; or the number of root units can be three, with the included angle between the three root units being 120° and forming a three-tooth groove 23123 between them; or the number of root units can be four, with the included angle between the four root units being 90° and forming a cross-shaped groove 23123 between them; or the number of root units can be six, with the included angle between the four root units being 60° and forming a six-tooth groove 23123 between them.

[0041] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 14 As shown, the lower isolation module 220 includes a lower isolation plate 221, a leveling and filling layer 222, and a sealing ring 223. The lower isolation plate 221 is placed on the contact side between the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 and the rock and soil to be tested. The upper surface of the leveling and filling layer 222, formed by the curing of the fluid mortar, is in close contact with the pressure-sensing interface of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210. The inner bearing structure 112 is provided with a cut 1112 to accommodate the sealing ring 223. The sealing ring 223 is elastic and covers the outer periphery of the lower isolation plate 221, so that the lower isolation plate 221 and the inner bearing structure 112 are sealed together.

[0042] After the primary isolation plate is positioned, the leveling filling layer 222 is filled and molded on-site. Its construction area is limited to the geometric contour within the buffer pad 232. A self-leveling grout (such as concrete) is poured onto its top. After curing, this grout forms a leveling filling layer 222 with a horizontal upper surface. This ensures that the pressure-sensing interface of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 is in close contact with the upper surface of the leveling filling layer 222, guaranteeing a complete mechanical transmission path between the sensor and the surface of the rock and soil being measured. This improves the accuracy of the measurement. Simultaneously, the primary isolation plate at the bottom helps to even out the force distribution. The transmission mechanism effectively avoids measurement errors that may be caused by uneven stress on the structural layers. After the support frame 110 is initially positioned by the positioning calibration component 120, the thickness distribution of the leveling filling layer 222 can be made more reasonable, effectively avoiding the problem of easy damage to the filling layer due to insufficient local thickness. The dual leveling mechanism ensures that the filling layer is closely attached to the rock and soil measurement surface, effectively improving the accuracy of the measurement data. At the same time, the uniform thickness distribution is also conducive to improving the stress state of the filling layer and extending its service life, providing a reliable guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210.

[0043] The design of the sealing ring 223 and the cut 1112 on the inner bearing structure 112 allows the sealing ring 223 to generate continuous radial pressure in the annular gap between the lower isolation plate 221 and the inner bearing structure 112, thereby forming an effective sealing interface on the outer periphery of the lower isolation plate 221. This effectively adapts to slight structural displacement and vibration during construction, ensuring the long-term reliability of the sealing performance. It also prevents the intrusion of external impurities, effectively isolates potential interference during construction, and enhances the long-term stability of the device under complex working conditions.

[0044] Understandably, the lower isolation module 220, through the positioning and separation function of the lower isolation plate 221, combined with the self-leveling properties of the leveling filling layer 222 and the flexible sealing performance of the sealing ring 223, jointly ensures that the pressure sensing interface of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 is in full contact with the rock and soil surface, effectively avoiding the uneven stress and measurement deviation caused by traditional installation methods.

[0045] The upper isolation plate 231 can also be sealed to the inner bearing structure 112 through another sealing ring, with the upper isolation plate 231 embedded in the inner edge of the other sealing ring.

[0046] In one possible implementation, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, both the outer support structure 111 and the inner load-bearing structure 112 adopt an equilateral triangular hollow frame design. The outer support structure 111 and the inner load-bearing structure 112 are located on the same horizontal reference plane and are arranged coaxially. The corners of the inner load-bearing structure 112 are structurally connected to the edges of the outer support structure 111 through rigid connectors. Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the outer support structure 111 is equipped with a bubble level 130 on its side, and the lower isolation plate 221 and the upper isolation plate 231 are both triangular structures that match the cross-sectional shape of the inner bearing structure 112.

[0047] The structure employs a nested triangular support frame 110, where the outer support structure 111 has a larger triangular outline than the inner load-bearing structure 112, forming a nested structure with the outer part larger than the inner part. The inner load-bearing structure 112 can be fixed to the inner side of the outer support structure 111 by welding, forming a stable mechanical transmission channel between the two. This effectively avoids the loosening problems that may occur with traditional bolt connections 242. The double-layer triangular frame design ensures both the rigidity and stability of the overall structure, while also optimizing stress distribution through dimensional differences.

[0048] The outer support structure 111 is equipped with a bubble level 130 on its side. Each of the three sides of the outer support structure 111 can be equipped with a bubble level 130. The installer can directly observe the position of the bubble in the level cavity to judge and adjust the horizontal attitude of the support frame 110 in real time. By unifying the mounting base of the level with the reference plane of the support frame 110, the horizontal state of the frame can be directly read, reducing the error of judging the horizontal attitude by human eyes. This enables a quick and intuitive qualitative judgment and rough adjustment of the horizontality of the support frame 110, laying the foundation for the subsequent precise secondary leveling process. It also effectively constrains the thickness of the leveling filling layer 222, making its distribution more uniform and improving the installation efficiency and operation convenience of the entire device.

[0049] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 as well as Figures 9-13 As shown, there are three elastic plates 241. The elastic plates 241 are disposed at the corners or sides of the inner bearing structure 112. The three elastic plates 241 are evenly disposed on the outer periphery of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 along the circumferential direction.

[0050] By arranging three elastic elements at key points of the internal load-bearing structure and distributing them evenly around the periphery of the rock pressure sensor 210, a highly symmetrical three-dimensional elastic constraint system is constructed. Compared to traditional unidirectional or bidirectional clamping structures, this three-dimensionally distributed layout can form stable support points at 120° intervals on the horizontal plane, ensuring that the rock pressure sensor 210 remains in the predetermined position when subjected to external loads or construction disturbances, effectively preventing measurement reference drift caused by uneven fixation. The three elastic plates 241 apply radial pressure pointing towards the center of the circle to the sidewall of the rock pressure sensor 210 from different angles, thus forming a stable constraint system. This not only improves its positioning accuracy and long-term stability in complex engineering environments but also significantly reduces the risk of plastic deformation of the rock pressure sensor 210 or elastic plates 241 due to local stress concentration by constructing a uniform stress environment.

[0051] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures also includes an elastic sealing plug 212, a surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 connected to a signal transmission line 211, and cable passage holes 1113 machined at corresponding positions of the outer support structure 111 and the inner bearing structure 112. The elastic sealing plug 212 is sleeved on the outside of the signal transmission line 211 to form a sealed interface between the signal transmission line 211 and the cable passage hole 1113.

[0052] Among them, the elastic sealing plug 212 forms a tight and adaptive sealing interface between the signal transmission line 211 and the cable through hole 1113 through its own material elastic deformation capability, ensuring that no leakage path is generated at the point where the signal transmission line 211 passes through, effectively isolating the intrusion of external moisture, dust and concrete slurry, thereby maintaining the physical environment for the stable operation of the internal surrounding rock pressure sensor 210.

[0053] Furthermore, the elastic sealing plug 212 and the elastic positioning module 240 together form a highly sealed internal bearing space, which greatly avoids the risk of displacement or signal distortion of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 due to the accumulation of impurities. Moreover, through the dual sealing protection mechanism, the long-term protection level and measurement reliability of the entire device under harsh construction conditions are significantly improved, avoiding the sealing problem caused by multiple openings in conventional designs, simplifying the installation process and enhancing the sealing stability of the device during long-term operation.

[0054] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 14As shown, the outer support structure 111 has an anchoring hole 1111 at the corner, which is axially aligned with the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210. The positioning calibration component 120 includes a positioning pin 121, a spring 122, and a locking nut 123. The positioning pin 121 passes through the anchoring hole 1111 and forms a force-bearing connection with the rock and soil. The spring 122 is sleeved on the positioning pin 121 and placed in the buffer area between the support frame 110 and the rock and soil. The locking nut 123 achieves axial locking of the positioning pin 121 at the far end of the support frame 110 through threaded engagement.

[0055] First, the anchoring holes 1111 of the support frame 110 are marked at the corresponding positions in the soil and rock mass. Then, holes are drilled at the marked locations to form holes. One end of the positioning pin 121 is inserted into the hole in the soil and rock mass, and a spring 122 is installed on its outside. Next, the anchoring holes 1111 of the support frame 110 are aligned with the positioning pin 121 and fitted in. At this time, the spring 122 is exactly in the buffer zone between the support frame 110 and the soil and rock mass. Through its elastic deformation, it generates a continuous and stable elastic support force for the support frame 110. By rotating the locking nut 123, the tilt angle of the support frame 110 can be precisely controlled so that it eventually reaches an approximately parallel state with the surface of the soil and rock mass to be tested, thus completing the foundation leveling process. The positioning pin 121 and the anchoring holes 1111 are naturally deviated from the stress-sensitive area, reducing the interference effect of drilling construction on the adjacent soil and rock structure and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data collection.

[0056] In practice, the specific steps for installing the dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in the tunnel structure are as follows: S1. Place the support and leveling module 100 on the rock and soil surface where soil pressure needs to be monitored and adjust its position so that the cable can be easily connected to other surrounding rock pressure sensors 210 in the same section through the hole 1113. After determining the installation orientation of the support and leveling module 100, mark the positions of the three vertical positioning holes on the rock and soil surface. S2. Install the positioning pin 121 in the positioning calibration component 120 on the soil surface at the marked position of the positioning hole. Fit the spring 122 onto the positioning pin 121. Install the sealing ring 223 and the lower isolation plate 221 at the bottom cut 1112 of the support frame 110. Then, align the anchoring hole 1111 of the support frame 110 with the positioning pin 121 and fit it in. Finally, install the locking nut 123. Observe the horizontal attitude of the support frame 110 through the bubble level 130. Adjust the locking nut 123 so that the support frame 110 is basically parallel to the soil surface. This process is the first rough leveling. S3. Install a buffer pad 232 on the inner side of the inner triangle of the support leveling module 100 so that its upper and lower parts are flush with the upper and lower parts of the support frame 110. S4. Apply leveling and filling layer 222 to the bottom of the triangle inside the buffer pad 232. This process is the second fine leveling. S5. Pour a self-leveling slurry into the upper part of the lower isolation plate 221. After the slurry hardens, a leveling filling layer 222 with a horizontal upper surface is formed. Mark the center position and place the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 so that the pressure-sensing interface of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 is in close contact with the upper surface of the leveling filling layer 222. Three elastic sheets 241 are pressed tightly against the side of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 to fix the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210 in a horizontal position. Pass the signal transmission line 211 through the cable through hole 1113. Put the elastic sealing plug on the signal transmission line 211 and insert it into the cable through hole 1113 to facilitate connection with other series-connected surrounding rock pressure sensors 210. S6. Install an isolation plate 231 on the top of the inner bearing structure 112, so that the bottom of the upper isolation plate 231 is in close contact with the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210, and the top of the upper isolation plate 231 is flush with the top of the support frame 110, thus completing the installation and fixing of the surrounding rock pressure sensor 210.

[0057] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0059] In view of the detailed description above, these and other changes can be made to these embodiments. This written description includes embodiments of the best mode disclosed in this utility model. The patent scope of this utility model is defined by the claims, which are not limited by this disclosure. The protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope disclosed in this utility model, based on the technical solution and concept of this utility model, are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures, characterized in that, include: A support leveling module (100) is provided, comprising a support frame (110) and a positioning calibration component (120). The support frame (110) comprises an outer support structure (111) and an inner bearing structure (112). The inner bearing structure (112) is embedded in the outer support structure (111). The positioning calibration component (120) is movably connected to the outer periphery of the outer support structure (111). The positioning calibration component (120) is movable along the normal direction of the support frame (110) to adjust the installation angle of the support frame (110). The stress sensing module (200) includes a rock pressure sensor (210), an elastic positioning module (240), a lower isolation module (220), and an upper isolation module (230). The rock pressure sensor (210) is located inside the inner bearing structure (112). The lower isolation module (220) and the upper isolation module (230) are respectively disposed on both sides of the rock pressure sensor (210) and form a seal in the space inside the inner bearing structure (112). The elastic positioning module (240) includes a plurality of elastic plates (241) connected to the inner wall of the inner bearing structure (112). The plurality of elastic plates (241) protrude toward the rock pressure sensor (210) and are used to contact the side wall of the rock pressure sensor (210) and apply elastic force to achieve horizontal positioning.

2. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic sheet (241) is installed at both ends on the same side wall of the inner bearing structure (112), forming a structure with a large chord length and a small arch height; or The elastic sheet (241) is provided with adjacent sidewalls of the inner bearing structure (112) at both ends, forming a small chord long arch height structure; In its natural state, the distance between the elastic sheet (241) of the large chord length and small arch height structure and the axis of the inner bearing structure (112) is greater than the distance between the elastic sheet (241) of the small chord length and large arch height structure and the axis of the inner bearing structure (112).

3. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper isolation module (230) includes an upper isolation plate (231) and a buffer pad (232). The buffer pad (232) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner bearing structure (112) and has a relief groove for avoiding the elastic sheet (241).

4. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper isolation plate (231) includes a plate (2311) and fastening pins (2312). The fastening pins (2312) are evenly arranged on the side of the plate (2311) away from the surrounding rock pressure sensor (210). The fastening pin (2312) includes a fastening pin root (23121) connected to the plate (2311) and a fastening pin head (23122) provided on the fastening pin root (23121). The outer diameter of the fastening pin head (23122) is larger than the outer diameter of the fastening pin root (23121).

5. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fastening pin root (23121) has a groove (23123), and concrete fills the groove (23123) and wraps the fastening pin head (23122).

6. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The lower isolation module (220) includes a lower isolation plate (221), a leveling filling layer (222), and a sealing ring (223). The lower isolation plate (221) is placed on the contact side between the surrounding rock pressure sensor (210) and the rock and soil to be tested. The upper surface of the leveling filling layer (222) formed by the solidification of the fluid mortar forms a tight fit with the pressure-sensing interface of the surrounding rock pressure sensor (210). The inner bearing structure (112) is provided with a cut (1112) to accommodate the sealing ring (223). The sealing ring (223) is elastic and covers the outer periphery of the lower isolation plate (221), so that the lower isolation plate (221) and the inner bearing structure (112) are sealed together.

7. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer support structure (111) and the inner bearing structure (112) both adopt an equilateral triangular hollow frame design. The outer support structure (111) and the inner bearing structure (112) are on the same horizontal reference plane and are arranged coaxially. The corner of the inner bearing structure (112) is structurally connected to the side of the outer support structure (111) through rigid connectors. The outer support structure (111) is provided with a bubble level (130) on the side. The lower isolation plate (221) and the upper isolation plate (231) are both triangular structures that match the cross-sectional shape of the inner bearing structure (112).

8. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of elastic plates (241) is three. The elastic plates (241) are disposed at the corners or sides of the inner bearing structure (112). The three elastic plates (241) are evenly disposed on the outer periphery of the surrounding rock pressure sensor (210) in the circumferential direction.

9. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an elastic sealing plug (212), the surrounding rock pressure sensor (210) is connected to a signal transmission line (211), the outer support structure (111) and the inner bearing structure (112) are respectively machined with cable passage holes (1113), the elastic sealing plug (212) is sleeved on the outside of the signal transmission line (211) to form a sealing interface between the signal transmission line (211) and the cable passage hole (1113).

10. The dynamic monitoring device for surrounding rock stress in tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer support structure (111) has an anchoring hole (1111) at the corner that is axially aligned with the surrounding rock pressure sensor (210). The positioning calibration component (120) includes a positioning pin (121), a spring (122), and a locking nut (123). The positioning pin (121) passes through the anchoring hole (1111) and forms a force-bearing connection with the rock and soil. The spring (122) is sleeved on the positioning pin (121) and placed in the buffer area between the support frame (110) and the rock and soil. The locking nut (123) achieves axial locking of the positioning pin (121) at the far end of the support frame (110) through threaded engagement.

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