A complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device

Abstract

The application provides a complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device, and belongs to the technical field of material mechanical property testing. The device comprises a fixed assembly, a movable assembly and a clamping assembly. The fixed assembly is used for providing basic fixed support for the device, and comprises a fixed bottom plate and two symmetrically arranged fixed bolts. The fixed bottom plate is connected with the ground through the two fixed bolts. The movable assembly is arranged above the fixed assembly and is used for transmitting and applying multi-axis load. The movable assembly comprises a clamping plate and two symmetrically arranged tension bolts. The two tension bolts penetrate the clamping plate along the central axis of the clamping plate. The clamping assembly is arranged between the fixed assembly and the movable assembly and is used for accurately clamping and positioning the test specimen body. The clamping assembly comprises a clamping groove matched with the shape of the test specimen body, and the clamping groove is located on the clamping plate. The device enables the complex structure test specimen to be stably subjected to the action of multiple different axial forces during the load loading process, and ensures that the test specimen only bears the required multi-axis load, thereby reducing additional interference force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of material mechanical property testing technology, and more specifically, to a multi-axis, multi-point loading test device for complex structures. Background Technology

[0002] In aerospace, shipbuilding, and engineering machinery, many core components are complex structural parts. These components have irregular geometry and are subjected to multi-axis coupled forces rather than single-direction loads during actual service. To ensure the safety, reliability, and lifespan of these components during service, it is necessary to simulate their actual stress state through laboratory tests to obtain key mechanical performance data. Such tests that simulate actual stress must rely on multi-axis multi-point loading technology, that is, applying loads to the specimen from multiple axes and multiple points.

[0003] Traditional fixtures lack effective design to accommodate multiaxial loads, which can easily lead to deformation and twisting due to uneven stress during testing, resulting in coupling effects. They cannot provide a uniform and stable multiaxial stress environment for the specimen, making it difficult to simulate the real working conditions of complex structures and affecting the final test results. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.

[0005] Therefore, this application provides a multi-axis, multi-point loading test device for complex structures, which enables complex structure specimens to be stably subjected to multiple different axial forces during the loading process.

[0006] The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device provided in this application includes a fixed component, a movable component, and a clamping component. The fixed component provides basic support for the device and includes a fixed base plate and two symmetrically arranged fixing bolts, the fixed base plate being fitted to the ground via the two fixing bolts. The movable component, positioned above the fixed component, transmits and applies multi-axis loads and includes a clamping plate and two symmetrically arranged tension bolts, the two tension bolts symmetrically penetrating the clamping plate along its central axis. The clamping component, positioned between the fixed component and the movable component, precisely clamps and positions the specimen body and includes a slot adapted to the shape of the specimen body, the slot being located on the clamping plate.

[0007] In some embodiments, the fixing assembly further includes: a support member fixedly connected to the fixing base plate, wherein the support member has two threaded through holes on the side away from the fixing base plate; and two first washers disposed between each fixing bolt and the fixing base plate.

[0008] In some embodiments, the movable component further includes: two fixing nuts, each threadedly connected to each tension bolt; two second washers, disposed between each tension bolt and the clamping plate; two loading holes, symmetrically opened on both sides of the clamping plate and perpendicular to the through direction of the tension bolt; and two bearing washers, each embedded in each loading hole.

[0009] In some embodiments, the clamping assembly further includes: two fixing seats symmetrically disposed on the side of the support member away from the fixing base plate; and two first fastening bolts passing through the fixing seats and threadedly embedded in the threaded through holes of the support member.

[0010] In some embodiments, a positioning pad is provided on the side of the clamping plate away from the slot, and the transverse axis of the positioning pad is coaxial with the transverse central axis of the slot.

[0011] In some embodiments, the slot can be changed according to the shape of the specimen body, and the positioning pad can be adjusted laterally along the clamping plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the loading hole is coaxial with the central axis of the card slot.

[0013] In some embodiments, the inner edge of the card slot is rounded.

[0014] In some embodiments, the two tension bolts and the fixing nut are made of high-strength alloy structural steel.

[0015] In some embodiments, the fixed base plate is provided with a plurality of bolt holes, and each bolt hole extends vertically into the interior of the support member, and a second fastening bolt is inserted into each bolt hole.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this application includes at least the following technical effects: This application provides a multiaxial multi-point loading test device for complex structures, enabling complex structural specimens to be stably subjected to multiple different axial forces during load loading, ensuring that the specimen only bears the multiaxial load required for the test, and reducing additional interference forces. A fixed base plate is placed at a predetermined position on the test site, ensuring its surface is level. Two fixing bolts are inserted into the fixed base plate, engaging with the ground, and tightened to secure the base plate firmly to the ground. A slot matching the shape of the specimen is selected, and the clamping plate is moved horizontally along the side of the specimen until the specimen is fully inserted into the slot. An external loading device is connected to both ends of the two tension bolts. Multiaxial loads are applied according to the test requirements, and the stress or deformation of the specimen is observed until the test is completed. The symmetrical tension bolts of the movable components can balance the additional bending moment during loading, avoiding load direction deviation caused by bending moment. The shape-fitting slots can constrain the degrees of freedom of the specimen, ensuring that the specimen only bears the multiaxial load required for the test, reducing additional interference forces, and making the test data closer to the true mechanical properties of the specimen.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test apparatus for some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed component and the movable component in some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing component in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 Exploded views of the fixing components in some embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of active components in some embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed base plate for some embodiments of this application.

[0019] in, Figures 1 to 6 The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows: 1. Fixing component; 11. Fixing base plate; 12. Support component; 13. Fixing bolt; 14. First washer; 2. Movable component; 21. Clamping plate; 22. Tension bolt; 23. Fixing nut; 24. Second washer; 25. Loading hole; 26. Bearing washer; 27. Slot; 3. Clamping assembly; 31. Fixing base; 32. First fastening bolt; 4. Specimen body; 5. Bolt hole; 6. Second fastening bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0021] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0022] The following reference Figures 1 to 6 This application describes a complex multi-axis, multi-point loading test apparatus provided according to some embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device provided according to some embodiments of this application includes a fixed component 1, a movable component 2, and a clamping component 3. The fixed component 1 provides basic fixed support for the device and includes a fixed base plate 11 and two symmetrically arranged fixing bolts 13, the fixed base plate 11 being fitted and connected to the ground via the two fixing bolts 13. The movable component 2, located above the fixed component 1, is used to transmit and apply multi-axis loads and includes a clamping plate 21 and two symmetrically arranged tension bolts 22, the two tension bolts 22 symmetrically penetrating the clamping plate 21 along its central axis. The clamping component 3, located between the fixed component 1 and the movable component 2, is used to precisely clamp and position the specimen body 4, including a slot 27 adapted to the shape of the specimen body 4, the slot 27 being located on the clamping plate 21.

[0024] In this embodiment, the fixed base plate 11 is placed at a preset position in the test site, and the surface of the fixed base plate 11 is ensured to be horizontal. Two fixing bolts 13 are inserted into the fixed base plate 11 and fitted with the ground. The fixing bolts 13 are tightened to firmly fix the fixed base plate 11 to the ground. A slot 27 matching the shape of the specimen body 4 is selected. The clamping plate 21 is moved horizontally along the side of the specimen body 4 until the specimen body 4 is completely inserted into the slot 27. The external loading device is connected to both ends of the two tension bolts 22. Multiaxial load is applied according to the test requirements, and the stress or deformation of the specimen body 4 is observed until the test is completed.

[0025] In this design, the symmetrical tension bolts 22 of the active component 2 can balance the additional bending moment during loading, avoiding load direction deviation caused by bending moment. The shape-adaptive slots 27 can constrain the degrees of freedom of the specimen body 4, ensuring that the specimen only bears the multiaxial load required for the test, reducing additional interference forces, and making the test data closer to the true mechanical properties of the specimen.

[0026] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, the fixing assembly 1 further includes: a support member 12, which is fixedly connected to the fixing base plate 11, and the support member 12 has two threaded through holes on the side away from the fixing base plate 11; and two first washers 14, which are respectively disposed between each fixing bolt 13 and the fixing base plate 11.

[0027] In this embodiment, during the multi-axis multi-point loading test, the load applied by the moving component 2 is first transmitted to the clamping component 3, and then transmitted to the fixed base plate 11 through the support 12, and finally distributed to the ground, avoiding the load acting directly on the fixed base plate 11 and preventing the base plate from deforming due to localized stress concentration. When the fixing bolt 13 is tightened, since the contact area between the nut of the fixing bolt 13 and the fixed base plate 11 is originally only the annular area at the bottom of the nut, the pressure is highly concentrated around the bolt hole 5 of the fixed base plate 11. The first washer 14, through its own planar structure, disperses the concentrated pressure of the nut to a larger area of ​​the fixed base plate 11 surface, thereby reducing the pressure concentration coefficient and limiting the local stress at the edge of the bolt hole 5 of the fixed base plate 11.

[0028] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, the movable component 2 further includes: two fixing nuts 23, which are threaded onto each tension bolt 22; two second washers 24, which are disposed between each tension bolt 22 and the clamping plate 21; two loading holes 25, which are symmetrically opened on both sides of the clamping plate 21 and are perpendicular to the through direction of the tension bolt 22; and two bearing washers 26, which are respectively embedded in each loading hole 25.

[0029] In this embodiment, the tension bolt 22 symmetrically penetrates the clamping plate 21 along its central axis. A second washer 24 is fitted onto each end, and then a fixing nut 23 is screwed in. A torque wrench is applied to rigidly fix the tension bolt 22 to the clamping plate 21. The bearing washer 26 is embedded into the loading holes 25 on both sides of the clamping plate 21, ensuring a tight fit between the washer and the hole wall. An external loading device applies force through both ends of the tension bolt 22, and the load is transmitted sequentially through "tension bolt 22 - fixing nut 23 - second washer 24 - clamping plate 21". Because the bolts are rigidly fixed to the plate and the second shim 24 disperses the stress, the load can be transmitted to the clamping plate 21 without loss. At the same time, the loading device contacts and applies force to the bearing shim 26 in the loading hole 25. The load is transmitted through "bearing shim 26 - loading hole 25 wall - clamping plate 21". Because the loading hole 25 and the slot 27 are coaxial, the load acts along the force axis of the specimen body 4, avoiding off-center loading. The X-axis and Z-axis loads converge at the clamping plate 21 and are transmitted to the specimen body 4 in the slot 27, realizing the simulation of two-axis coupled load.

[0030] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, the clamping assembly 3 further includes: two fixing seats 31, symmetrically arranged on the side of the support member 12 away from the fixing base plate 11; and two first fastening bolts 32, which pass through the fixing seats 31 and are threadedly embedded in the threaded through holes of the support member 12.

[0031] In this embodiment, the fixing seat 31 is rigidly connected to the support member 12 by the first fastening bolt 32. The fixing seat 31 provides clamping and positioning of the specimen body 4. The first fastening bolt 32 ensures the stability of the clamping relationship and the reliability of load transmission. At the same time, different fixing seats 31 can be replaced to adapt to specimen bodies 4 of different shapes and sizes, thereby reducing the test cost.

[0032] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, a positioning pad is provided on the side of the clamping plate 21 away from the slot 27, and the transverse axis of the positioning pad is coaxial with the transverse center axis of the slot 27.

[0033] In this embodiment, the external loading device applies force by contacting the positioning pad, and the load is transmitted sequentially through "positioning pad - clamping plate 21 - inner wall of slot 27 - specimen body 4". Since the positioning pad is rigidly connected to the clamping plate 21 and coaxial with the slot 27, the Y-axis load can be applied to the specimen without offset. The coaxial design of the positioning pad is equivalent to setting a baseline for the Y-axis load, and at the same time, it forms a spatial perpendicular relationship with the load directions of the X-axis and Z-axis, avoiding interference of the loading accuracy of other axes by the load of one axis.

[0034] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, the slot 27 can be changed according to the shape of the specimen body 4, and the positioning pad can be adjusted laterally along the clamping plate 21.

[0035] In this embodiment, the clamping plate 21 and the slot 27 are detachable. The slot 27 in the clamping plate 21 can be customized according to the shape of the specimen body 4. Traditional multi-axis experimental fixtures have limitations and can only be used to test specimen bodies 4 of a single shape. If different shapes of specimens need to be tested, the entire set of equipment needs to be replaced, which is costly and time-consuming. After replacing the clamping plate 21 and the slot 27, the position of the pad is adjusted to ensure that the transverse central axis of the slot 27 is coaxial with the axis of the positioning pad, thereby ensuring that the triaxial loads of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are accurately applied to the specimen body 4.

[0036] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, the loading hole 25 is coaxial with the central axis of the slot 27.

[0037] In this embodiment, the bearing pad 26 embedded in the loading hole 25 has its axis aligned with the axis of the loading hole 25, ensuring that the X-axis load applied by the external loading device through the bearing pad 26 can be accurately transmitted along the axis of the loading hole 25.

[0038] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, the inner edge of the slot 27 is rounded.

[0039] In this embodiment, the edges or corners of complex structural specimens are areas with weak mechanical properties. If the edge of the slot 27 is a right angle, after the specimen is inserted, the right angle edge of the slot 27 will make initial contact with the corner of the specimen, resulting in an increase in local stress in the specimen. The rounded corner treatment of the slot 27 disperses the contact stress through the arc transition, thereby reducing the stress concentration factor. At the same time, it makes the contact area between the slot 27 and the specimen more uniform, and the load can be gradually transferred to the specimen body 4 through the arc surface, avoiding local load accumulation and improving the stability of multi-axis loading.

[0040] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, the two tension bolts 22 and the fixing nut 23 are made of high-strength alloy structural steel.

[0041] In this embodiment, the high yield strength and tensile strength of high-strength alloy steel can easily cope with the high load requirements of multiaxial loading, ensuring that the bolts and nuts do not fail due to overload during the test, and ensuring that the test is carried out continuously and stably.

[0042] In some possible embodiments, as shown in the figure, a plurality of bolt holes 5 are provided on the fixed base plate 11, and each bolt hole 5 extends vertically into the interior of the support member 12, and a second fastening bolt 6 is provided in each bolt hole 5.

[0043] In this embodiment, to facilitate processing and reduce material costs, the fixed base plate 11 and the support member 12 are processed in two parts, upper and lower. The second fastening bolt 6 connects the fixed base plate 11 and the support member 12. The bottom surface of the fixed base plate 11 is provided with multiple bolt holes 5, which can ensure that after the second fastening bolt 6 is fixed, the bottom surface of the fixed base plate 11 has no protrusion and is in close and flush contact with the ground.

[0044] During operation of this complex multi-axis, multi-point loading test device, the fixed base plate 11 is placed in the preset position on the test site, ensuring that the upper surface of the fixed base plate 11 is horizontal. The support member 12 is fixed to the fixed base plate 11 beforehand using the second fastening bolt 6. The first washer 14 is embedded between the fixed bolt 13 and the fixed base plate 11. The two fixed bolts 13 are symmetrically inserted along the central axis of the fixed base plate 11 and fitted into the ground. The fixed bolts 13 are tightened. The first washer 14 disperses the concentrated pressure of the nut on the base plate, preventing stress concentration at the edge of the bolt hole 5 on the base plate. The two tension bolts 22 are symmetrically inserted through the plate body along the central axis of the clamping plate 21. The second washer 24 is fitted onto both ends of the bolts and then the fixing nut 23 is screwed in. A preset torque is applied with a torque wrench to rigidly fix the tension bolts 22 to the clamping plate 21. The two bearing washers 26 are respectively embedded into the loading holes 25 on both sides of the clamping plate 21, ensuring that the washers fit tightly against the hole walls. Adjust the positioning pad according to the position of the slot 27 of the subsequent specimen body 4, so that the transverse axis of the positioning pad is coaxial with the transverse center axis of the specimen body 4. Place the specimen body 4 to be tested on the top of the support 12, place the two fixing seats 31 on both sides of the specimen body 4, symmetrically along the central axis of the support 12, insert the first fastening bolt 32 and thread it into the threaded through hole of the support 12, tighten the bolt to rigidly fix the fixing seat 31 to the support 12, move the clamping plate 21 horizontally along the side of the specimen body 4 until the specimen body 4 is completely inserted into the slot 27, connect the external multi-axis loading device to both ends of the tension bolt 22 to apply the horizontal transverse load, connect it to the bearing pad 26 in the loading hole 25 on both sides of the clamping plate 21 to apply the vertical longitudinal load, and connect it to the positioning pad on the outside of the clamping plate 21 to apply the horizontal longitudinal load, so as to realize the multi-axis test of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis.

[0045] In this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The term "multiple" refers to two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0049] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-axis, multi-point loading test device for complex structures, characterized in that, include: A fixing component, used to provide basic fixing support for the device, includes a fixing base plate and two symmetrically arranged fixing bolts, wherein the fixing base plate is fitted and connected to the ground through the two fixing bolts; An active component, positioned above the fixed component, is used to transmit and apply multiaxial loads. It includes a clamping plate and two symmetrically arranged tension bolts, which symmetrically penetrate the clamping plate along its central axis. A clamping assembly, disposed between the fixed assembly and the movable assembly, is used to precisely clamp and position the specimen body, including a slot adapted to the shape of the specimen body, the slot being located on the clamping plate.

2. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing component also includes: The support member is fixedly connected to the fixed base plate, and the side of the support member away from the fixed base plate is provided with two threaded through holes; Two first washers are respectively disposed between each of the fixing bolts and the fixing base plate.

3. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The activity component also includes: Two fixing nuts are threaded onto each of the tension bolts; Two second washers are respectively disposed between each of the tension bolts and the clamping plate; Two loading holes are symmetrically opened on both sides of the clamping plate and are perpendicular to the through direction of the tension bolt; Two bearing pads are respectively embedded in each of the loading holes.

4. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping assembly further includes: Two fixed seats are symmetrically arranged on the side of the support member away from the fixed base plate; Two first fastening bolts are inserted through the fixed seat and threaded into the threaded through hole of the support member.

5. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A positioning pad is provided on the side of the clamping plate away from the slot, and the transverse axis of the positioning pad is coaxial with the transverse center axis of the slot.

6. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slot can be changed according to the shape of the specimen body, and the positioning pad can be adjusted in position along the lateral side of the clamping plate.

7. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The loading hole is coaxial with the central axis of the card slot.

8. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner edge of the card slot is rounded.

9. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two tension bolts and fixing nuts are made of high-strength alloy structural steel.

10. The complex structure multi-axis multi-point loading test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed base plate has multiple bolt holes, and each bolt hole extends vertically into the interior of the support member, with a second fastening bolt inserted into each bolt hole.

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