An apparatus for simulating rainfall infiltration on a slope surface and runoff

Abstract

The utility model relates to soil body dynamics test technical field especially relates to a kind of simulated rainfall infiltration slope surface runoff model device. Including frame, slope surface, rainfall subassembly and multiple sensor positioning apparatus, the slope surface is set on the frame, the sprinkling head of the rainfall subassembly is located the above of the slope surface, the sensor positioning apparatus is set on the slope surface. The sensor positioning apparatus includes the shell of hollow structure, multiple sensor lead holes are set up on the shell, the sensor lead hole is detachably connected with closed nut. The utility model simulation rainfall infiltration slope surface runoff model device structure's improvement, on the one hand, ensures the spatial position accuracy of sensor when burying, guarantees the quality of data acquisition;On the other hand, sensitive sensor element has played good physical protection effect, reduces damage risk, facilitates its disassembly and recycling, saves test cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soil dynamics testing technology, and in particular to a device for simulating rainfall infiltration slope runoff model. Background Technology

[0002] In scientific research and teaching experiments in geotechnical engineering, hydrogeology, and environmental engineering, slope rainfall infiltration and runoff model experiments are one of the core research methods for studying the interaction mechanism between water and surface and subsurface media. This experimental method is widely used to simulate and predict a series of key processes under natural rainfall conditions, such as slope instability and landslides, soil erosion and water loss, pollutant migration, and surface-to-groundwater transformation. Through the construction of indoor physical models, researchers can conduct isolated and precise studies on specific variables without being disturbed by complex field environments and uncontrollable meteorological conditions, thereby revealing their inherent physical laws and mechanisms. However, the effectiveness and reliability of this experimental method fundamentally depend on the accuracy, integration, and multifunctionality of the model device used. A well-designed device is a prerequisite for obtaining high-quality, repeatable experimental data and is also the technological cornerstone for promoting the development and verification of related theoretical models. Currently, traditional rainfall-runoff model devices generally suffer from single functionality and low automation.

[0003] Most existing devices use fixed slopes for testing, making it difficult to conveniently simulate slope variations under different terrain conditions. This necessitates replacing or rebuilding the entire model during multi-condition comparative tests, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and makes it difficult to ensure consistency of test conditions. Furthermore, the control precision of rainfall simulation systems is insufficient. Common rainfall devices often lack integrated control units, making it impossible to precisely control rainfall intensity and duration. This requires frequent manual intervention from test personnel, resulting in a heavy workload and poor repeatability and controllability. The collection and measurement of runoff and sediment are cumbersome. Traditional devices typically collect the runoff mixture uniformly, requiring complex sedimentation, filtration, and weighing steps to separate sediment and water and calculate runoff volume. This process is inefficient and prone to human error, affecting data accuracy. For the dynamic changes of key parameters within the slope (such as moisture content) during testing, there is a lack of effective in-situ, non-destructive testing methods. Conventional sampling methods severely disturb the soil structure and damage the infiltration front, leading to distorted measurement data. Additionally, sensors are prone to inaccurate positioning and damage during installation, affecting data reliability and equipment durability.

[0004] Therefore, it is evident that, based on the shortcomings of existing technologies, a simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device that can flexibly adjust the slope, integrate rainfall measurement and control, and achieve non-destructive monitoring of the internal state of the slope has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device to solve the problems of in-situ, non-destructive, and visualized observation and sampling of the internal state of the slope during rainfall infiltration, as well as the inaccurate positioning, easy damage, and difficulty in reusing embedded sensors. Specifically, the technical solution includes the following: A device for simulating rainfall infiltration and slope runoff includes a frame, a slope, a rainfall component, and multiple sensor positioning devices. The slope is mounted on the frame, the sprinkler heads of the rainfall component are located above the slope, and the sensor positioning devices are mounted on the slope.

[0006] Furthermore, the sensor locator includes a hollow housing with multiple sensor wire holes, each detachably connected to a sealing nut. The sensor locator houses the sensors.

[0007] Furthermore, the multiple sensor locators are arranged in a matrix.

[0008] Furthermore, multiple threading holes are provided on the slope, and nuts are detachably connected to the threading holes. When a sensor is installed on the slope, the sensor positioning device can be detachably connected to the threading holes.

[0009] Furthermore, the frame is provided with a transparent sidewall, on which are provided multiple slope moisture content guide pipes and multiple soil sampling holes, and the soil sampling holes are detachably connected with covers.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil sampling hole is equipped with a soil sampler, which includes a cylindrical body with openings at both ends and a pusher handle slidably disposed within the cylindrical body. The shape of the cylindrical body is adapted to the soil sampling hole for insertion into the soil sampling hole and collection of soil samples. The pusher handle is used to push out the soil samples collected within the cylindrical body.

[0011] Furthermore, the bulldozer handle includes a piston portion and a rod portion. The piston portion is slidably housed in the inner cavity of the cylinder, and one end of the rod portion is connected to the piston portion, while the other end extends to the outside of the cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, one side of the slope is rotatably connected to the frame via a rotating shaft, and a jack for supporting the raising and lowering of the slope is provided at the bottom of the slope.

[0013] Furthermore, a water-blocking plate is provided on the lower side of the slope, and an opening is provided on the water-blocking plate. A water collection pool is provided opposite to the bottom of the opening, and the water collection pool is fixed on the frame.

[0014] Furthermore, a drainage pipe is connected to the bottom of the water collection tank, and a silt bucket is installed at the outlet of the drainage pipe. The silt bucket is connected to a turbid water bucket and a muddy water bucket through a diversion pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the turbid water bucket and / or muddy water bucket are equipped with a rain gauge.

[0016] Furthermore, the rainfall assembly includes a support frame, a controller, and a water tank, a water pipe, a water pump, and a sprinkler head connected in sequence. The sprinkler head is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame, and the water pump is electrically connected to the controller. The intensity and duration of rainfall are simulated by controlling the water pump. Both the water pump and the controller are mounted on the support frame; The support frame is equipped with directional wheels at its bottom.

[0017] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. This utility model device for simulating rainfall infiltration slope runoff achieves flexible and accurate simulation of multiple slope conditions: through the embedded jack and rotating shaft structure, the slope of the test slope can be easily and continuously adjusted. This design allows one device to meet the rainfall test requirements under various slope conditions, greatly improving the utilization rate and test efficiency of the device, and ensuring the consistency of basic conditions between tests with different slopes.

[0018] 2. This utility model device for simulating rainfall infiltration slope runoff improves the automation and accuracy of rainfall simulation: by using a rainfall intensity control and timing system linked with sprinkler heads, it achieves precise programmed control of rainfall intensity (such as heavy rain, moderate rain, and light rain) and rainfall duration. This greatly reduces the manual operation burden on experimental personnel and significantly improves the controllability, repeatability, and data reliability of the experimental process.

[0019] 3. This utility model's simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device optimizes the collection and measurement process of runoff sediment: through the design of the collection tank, effective separation of sediment, turbid water, and clear water is achieved. Combined with the real-time recording function of the rainfall intensity load cell, it can acquire sediment runoff data online and accurately during rainfall. This integrated design simplifies the traditionally cumbersome experimental procedures and effectively improves the accuracy of measurement data and the overall efficiency of the experiment.

[0020] 4. This utility model of a simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device enables undisturbed and visual monitoring of the internal state of the slope: a transparent glass plate is used as the sidewall, on which a slope moisture content guide pipe and a soil sampling hole are set, along with a special soil sampler. This allows researchers to directly observe the movement process of the rainfall infiltration front without disturbing the soil structure, and to conveniently obtain soil samples at different locations and depths. These samples can then be accurately measured using geotechnical testing methods, providing rich and realistic data support for the research.

[0021] 5. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device of this utility model ensures the accuracy and durability of sensor application: The setting of the sensor locator ensures the accurate spatial position of the sensor during installation, guaranteeing the quality of data acquisition; on the other hand, it provides good physical protection for sensitive sensor elements, reduces the risk of damage, facilitates disassembly and recycling, and saves test costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device after soil loading, according to an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device after soil loading, according to an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame structure of the simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil sampler structure of the simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 6 This utility model provides a schematic diagram of the sensor positioning device for simulating rainfall infiltration slope runoff modeling.

[0023] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Frame; 2. Slope; 21. Wire hole; 22. Nut; 3. Rainfall assembly; 31. Water tank; 32. Water pipe; 33. Water pump; 34. Sprinkler head; 35. Controller; 36. Support frame; 37. Orientation wheel; 4. Sensor locator; 41. Sensor wire hole; 42. Sealing nut; 5. Soil; 6. Side wall; 7. Slope moisture content guide pipe; 8. Soil sampling hole; 9. Cover; 10. Soil sampler; 101. Cylinder; 102. Bulldozer handle; 11. Rotating shaft; 12. Jack; 13. Water baffle; 131. Opening; 14. Collection pool; 15. Drainage pipe; 16. Sediment bucket; 17. Turbid water bucket; 18. Muddy water bucket; 19. Rainfall load-bearing device; 20. Diversion pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0025] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, outlines some embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other. Example

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device includes a frame 1, a slope 2, a rainfall component 3, and multiple sensor positioning devices 4. The slope 2 is mounted on the frame 1, the sprinkler heads 34 of the rainfall component 3 are located above the slope 2, and the sensor positioning devices 4 are mounted on the slope 2. The number of sensor positioning devices can be selected based on the size of the device and the experimental requirements, and can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, etc. More preferably, the multiple sensor positioning devices are arranged in a matrix, i.e., in multiple rows, with each row containing 2 to 10 sensor positioning devices 4, specifically 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. Figure 6 As shown, the sensor positioning device 4 includes a hollow housing, in which the sensor is installed. The housing has multiple sensor wire holes 41, each detachably connected to a sealing nut 42. Preferably, the housing is divided into a cubic opening section and a cylindrical connecting section. The opening of the connecting section has internal threads, which engage with multiple through holes 21 on the slope 2 for screwing. The sensor wire holes 41 are located on the opening section and have internal threads, engaging with the sealing nut 42 for screwing.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the slope 2 has multiple through holes 21, each with an external thread, and a detachable nut 22 is connected to it. When installing a sensor on the slope 2, the nut 22 is rotated to remove it, and the sensor locator 4 is detachably connected to the through hole 21. Preferably, the through holes 21 are arranged in multiple rows at equal intervals to accurately position the sensor locator 4. After selecting the sensor's installation position, the hexagonal nut 22 in the through hole 21 is loosened with a wrench, the sensor locator 4 is installed, and the sealing nut 42 in the sensor locator 4 is loosened with a wrench to thread the sensor wire. This not only ensures accurate positioning during sensor installation but also prevents the expensive sensor wire from being broken during the removal of the soil 5 from the model box after the test. Therefore, using the sensor locator 4 provides excellent protection for the sensor, facilitating future use.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the frame 1 has a transparent sidewall 6, which can be a transparent glass plate. Multiple slope moisture content guide pipes 7 and multiple soil sampling holes 8 are provided on the sidewall 6. A cover 9 is detachably connected to each soil sampling hole 8. The cover 9 includes an integrally formed sealing part and an operating part. The shape of the sealing part fits the inner wall of the soil sampling hole 8 to seal it. Preferably, the sealing part is circular. The operating part is connected to the outer end face of the sealing part and protrudes radially from it, forming a grip structure that is easy to hold. Preferably, the sealing part is hexagonal. Figure 5 As shown, the soil sampling hole 8 is equipped with a soil sampler 10. The soil sampler 10 includes a cylindrical body 101 with openings 131 at both ends and a pusher handle 102 slidably disposed within the cylindrical body 101. The shape of the cylindrical body 101 is adapted to the soil sampling hole 8 for insertion into the soil sampling hole 8 to collect soil samples. The pusher handle 102 is used to push out the soil samples collected within the cylindrical body 101. The pusher handle 102 includes a piston portion and a rod portion. The piston portion is slidably housed within the inner cavity of the cylindrical body 101. One end of the rod portion is connected to the piston portion, and the other end extends to the outside of the cylindrical body 101. Installing a slope moisture content guide pipe 7 and a soil sampling hole 8 on the transparent sidewall 6 allows for visual observation of the infiltration during rainfall without disturbing the soil. The soil sampling positioning hole, combined with a self-made soil sampler 10, allows for soil sampling of different slopes after rainfall. The soil in the self-made soil sampler 10 is then pushed out using a bulldozer handle 102, and the soil of different thicknesses is measured using geotechnical testing methods.

[0033] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, one side of the slope 2 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 via a rotating shaft 11, and a jack 12 is provided at the bottom of the slope 2 to support its lifting and lowering. The jack 12 and the rotating shaft 11 work together to lift and lower the main body of the model, thus changing the slope. The jack 12 is positioned away from the rotating shaft 11; preferably, it is positioned close to the side opposite to the rotating shaft 11. When an experiment is needed, soil 3 is placed on the slope 2, and the tilt angle of the slope 2 is adjusted using the jack.

[0034] A water-blocking plate 13 is installed on the lower side of the slope 2 in the experimental state. An opening 131 is provided on the water-blocking plate 13, and a water collection pool 14 is positioned opposite the bottom of the opening 131. The water collection pool 14 is fixed to the frame 1. A drainage pipe 15 is connected to the bottom of the water collection pool 14, and a sediment bucket 16 is installed at the outlet of the drainage pipe 15. The sediment bucket 16 is connected to a turbid water bucket 17 and a muddy water bucket 18 via diversion pipes 20. The principle is that the two diversion pipes 20 are designed at different water levels. After sedimentation, the relatively clear turbid water with lower sediment content flows into the muddy water bucket 18 through the diversion pipe 20 at the higher water level; while the turbid water with a higher concentration of sediment flows into the muddy water bucket 17 through the diversion pipe 20 at the lower water level.

[0035] Rainfall load cells 19 are installed on the muddy water tank 17 and / or the turbid water tank 18. Preferably, both the muddy water tank 17 and the turbid water tank 18 are equipped with rainfall load cells 19. During the simulation experiment, rainwater carrying sediment flows from the slope 2 through the baffle plate 13 into the collection pool 14, and then into the diversion pipe 15. The sediment will then continuously settle in the sediment tank 16. Continuous rainfall will cause the muddy water and turbid water to enter the muddy water tank and the turbid water tank 18 through the diversion pipe, respectively. During this period, the rainfall load cells will record the sediment runoff in real time, which improves the accuracy of the experiment and reduces the cumbersome experimental procedures of conventional rainfall devices.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the rainfall assembly 3 includes a support frame 36, a controller 35, and a water tank 31, a water pipe 32, a water pump 33, and sprinkler heads 34 connected in sequence. The sprinkler heads 34 are fixedly connected to the top of the support frame 36. Preferably, multiple crossbeams are arranged on the top of the support frame 36, and multiple sprinkler heads 34 are arranged on the crossbeams. The number of sprinkler heads 34 can be selected according to the scale of the device and the needs of the test. Preferably, the number of sprinkler heads 34 is 10 to 100. The water pump 33 is electrically connected to the controller 35. By controlling the output water volume and turning the pump 33 on or off, the rainfall intensity and duration can be simulated. Both the water pump 33 and the controller 35 are mounted on the support frame 36. The bottom of the support frame is provided with directional wheels 37.

[0037] This invention can not only simulate heavy, moderate, and light rain according to experimental needs, but also accurately time the rain, greatly reducing the workload of experimental personnel and improving the controllability of the experimental simulation. The bottom of the frame 1 is equipped with directional wheels 37 to facilitate the movement of the rain-collecting device when filling soil into the model frame 1. The frame 1 includes a rain collection box and support legs. The support legs are located at the bottom of the rain collection box, the directional wheels 37 are mounted on the support legs, and the side wall 6 is mounted on the rain collection box. The rain collection box can compensate for the lack of running water at the experimental site. If necessary, a dyeing tracking agent can be added to the rain collection box to observe the infiltration depth and path of rainwater within the soil slope during the rainfall infiltration process.

[0038] This invention provides a highly integrated and automated liftable simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device. Its advantages include: flexible and precise adjustment of the slope gradient of the test slope 2 is achieved through the embedded jack 12 and rotating shaft 11, supporting multi-condition comparative tests; precise programmed control of rainfall intensity and time is achieved through the integrated rainfall intensity control and timing system linked with the sprinkler head 34, significantly improving test efficiency and data reliability; real-time and precise separation and measurement of runoff sediment are achieved through the unique design of the water collection tank 31 and rainfall load-bearing device, simplifying the operation process; undisturbed and visual observation and convenient sampling of the infiltration process inside the slope are achieved using a transparent glass plate, soil sampling hole 8, and matching soil sampler 10; furthermore, the sensor positioning device 4 ensures the accuracy and service life of the sensor installation, thus achieving overall controllability, accuracy, and efficiency in the rainfall infiltration slope runoff test.

[0039] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0040] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A device for simulating rainfall infiltration slope runoff model, characterized in that: It includes a frame, a slope, a rain-generating component, and multiple sensor positioning devices. The slope is set on the frame, the sprinkler heads of the rain-generating component are located above the slope, and the sensor positioning devices are set on the slope.

2. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor positioning device includes a hollow housing with multiple sensor wire holes, and each sensor wire hole is detachably connected to a sealing nut. The multiple sensor positioning devices are arranged in a matrix.

3. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple wire holes are provided on the slope, and nuts are detachably connected to the wire holes. When a sensor is installed on the slope, the sensor positioning device can be detachably connected to the wire holes.

4. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is provided with a transparent sidewall, on which are provided multiple slope moisture content guide pipes and multiple soil sampling holes, and the soil sampling holes are detachably connected with covers.

5. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil sampling hole is equipped with a soil sampler, which includes a cylindrical body with openings at both ends and a pusher handle slidably disposed inside the cylindrical body. The shape of the cylindrical body is adapted to the soil sampling hole and is used to insert into the soil sampling hole to collect soil samples. The pusher handle is used to push out the soil samples collected inside the cylindrical body.

6. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the slope is rotatably connected to the frame via a rotating shaft, and a jack for supporting the raising and lowering of the slope is provided at the bottom of the slope.

7. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the experiment, a water baffle was installed on the lower side of the slope. An opening was provided on the water baffle, and a water collection pool was provided opposite the bottom of the opening. The water collection pool was fixed on the frame.

8. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the water collection tank is connected to a drainage pipe, and a silt bucket is installed at the outlet of the drainage pipe. The silt bucket is connected to a turbid water bucket and a muddy water bucket through a diversion pipe.

9. The simulated rainfall infiltration slope runoff model device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The turbid water bucket and / or muddy water bucket are equipped with a rain gauge.

10. The device for simulating rainfall infiltration slope runoff according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainfall assembly includes a support frame, a controller, and a water tank, water pipes, a water pump, and sprinkler heads connected in sequence. The sprinkler heads are fixedly connected to the top of the support frame, and the water pump is electrically connected to the controller. The intensity and duration of rainfall are simulated by controlling the water pump. Both the water pump and the controller are mounted on the support frame; The support frame is equipped with directional wheels at its bottom.

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