Battery cell thermal runaway testing device

Abstract

A kind of battery cell thermal runaway test device, including clamping assembly, the clamping assembly includes the first clamping plate and second clamping plate for clamping battery cell, pressure detection component is arranged between the first clamping plate and battery cell, pressure detection component and battery cell are also provided with pressure plate between, the battery cell is clamped between pressure plate and second clamping plate, heating assembly is arranged between at least one of pressure plate and second clamping plate and battery cell.The battery cell thermal runaway test device can collect the pressure change information in battery cell, to provide more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of battery cell thermal runaway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage battery technology, specifically to a cell thermal runaway testing device. Background Technology

[0002] In the development of energy storage battery technology, in addition to improving the performance of energy storage batteries, safety issues cannot be ignored. When one or more cells experience thermal runaway, they enter an uncontrolled and violent chemical reaction state, releasing a large amount of heat energy, accompanied by the violent emission of toxic gases and a combustion process; therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the thermal runaway process of cells through testing in order to prevent such incidents from happening in the first place.

[0003] Chinese utility model patent CN222506522U discloses a battery cell thermal runaway testing device, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the device includes clamping plates 1a, an attachment mesh 2a, and a thermocouple. Two clamping plates 1a are positioned opposite each other to clamp the battery cell 3a. An attachment mesh 2a is provided between at least one clamping plate 1a and the battery cell 3a. The thermocouple is wound in a serpentine pattern around the attachment mesh 2a through its mesh openings, with the thermocouple's measuring end in contact with the surface of the battery cell 3a. When the two clamping plates 1a clamp the battery cell 3a, the attachment mesh 2a can press against the surface of the battery cell 3a, allowing the thermocouple's measuring end to be in contact with the surface of the battery cell 3a for temperature monitoring. The collected temperature data can provide data support for handling abnormalities in the battery cell 3a, thereby facilitating the diagnosis and early warning of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0004] However, existing cell thermal runaway testing devices still have the following technical problems: they generally only monitor the temperature during the cell thermal runaway process, but rarely monitor other states; during the thermal runaway process, the heat generated by the violent internal chemical reaction of cell 3a cannot be effectively dissipated, and its internal pressure will gradually increase, resulting in the volume expansion or even bulging of cell 3a; and existing cell thermal runaway testing devices do not collect information on the pressure change inside cell 3a, thus failing to provide more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of cell thermal runaway, which is not conducive to the prevention of cell thermal runaway in subsequent battery system design. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a battery cell thermal runaway testing device that can collect pressure change information inside the battery cell, thereby providing more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of battery cell thermal runaway.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is: a battery cell thermal runaway testing device, including a clamping assembly, the clamping assembly including a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate for clamping the battery cell, a pressure detection assembly is provided between the first clamping plate and the battery cell, a pressure plate is also provided between the pressure detection assembly and the battery cell, the battery cell is clamped between the pressure plate and the second clamping plate, and a heating assembly is provided between at least one of the pressure plate and the second clamping plate and the battery cell.

[0007] The working principle of this novel battery cell thermal runaway testing device is as follows: The battery cell is heated by a heating element. As the temperature rises, the rate of chemical reaction inside the cell accelerates, and heat accumulates. The accumulated heat causes the internal pressure of the cell to gradually increase. The internal pressure of the cell is transmitted to a pressure detection element through a pressure plate, which monitors the pressure changes inside the cell in real time. Once the temperature reaches a certain critical value, a violent chemical reaction occurs inside the cell, releasing a large amount of heat, which causes an uncontrollable temperature rise, leading to the cell expanding, rupturing, catching fire, or exploding. By detecting the critical value of the internal pressure when the cell experiences thermal runaway, thermal runaway of the cell can be effectively prevented in subsequent battery system design.

[0008] With the above structure, this utility model has the following advantages: This utility model's battery cell thermal runaway testing device monitors internal pressure changes by adding a pressure detection component between the battery cell and the first clamping plate. After adding the pressure detection component, a pressure plate is also placed between the pressure detection component and the battery cell to simulate the state of the battery cell being squeezed during actual use. This makes the pressure information detected by the pressure detection component more accurate. The collected internal pressure change information of the battery cell can provide more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of battery cell thermal runaway, which is beneficial for the prevention of battery cell thermal runaway in subsequent battery system design.

[0009] Preferably, the pressure detection assembly includes a cylindrical pressure sensor with connection holes at both ends. The first clamping plate and the pressure plate are fixedly connected to the connection holes at both ends of the cylindrical pressure sensor by fasteners. This arrangement ensures that the pressure detection assembly is fixed between the first clamping plate and the pressure plate without shifting. Furthermore, since the first clamping plate and the pressure plate are fixed together by the pressure sensor, the clamping force of the first clamping plate can be reliably transmitted to the pressure plate to clamp the battery cell.

[0010] Preferably, the two sides of the first clamping plate are fixed together with the two sides of the second clamping plate by screws and nuts. This arrangement allows adjustment of the clamping force between the first and second clamping plates by adjusting the nuts, thereby better simulating the compressive force experienced by the battery cell during actual use.

[0011] Preferably, the heating assembly includes a mica heating plate, which is provided between the pressure plate and the battery cell, and also between the second clamping plate and the battery cell. The mica heating plate has high heating efficiency and good safety performance; with mica heating plates provided on both sides of the battery cell, heating is faster and more uniform.

[0012] Preferably, a first temperature detection component is provided between the pressure plate and the mica heating plate, and a second temperature detection component is provided between the second clamping plate and the mica heating plate. This arrangement indirectly obtains the temperature of the battery cell by monitoring the temperature of the mica heating plate, and simultaneously obtaining the temperatures of both mica heating plates makes the monitoring results more accurate; the collected battery cell temperature information further provides more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of battery cell thermal runaway.

[0013] Preferably, a third temperature detection component is also provided on the outer side of the battery cell, away from the pressure plate and the second clamping plate. This configuration directly monitors the temperature of the battery cell, thereby obtaining more accurate temperature data in conjunction with the first and second temperature detection components.

[0014] Preferably, the system also includes a housing, with the clamping assembly fixed inside the housing and the first and second clamping plates spaced apart vertically. Installing the clamping assembly inside the housing prevents the direct ejection of toxic and harmful substances in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell, thus making the testing process safer. The vertical spacing between the first and second clamping plates of the clamping assembly also facilitates the placement of the battery cell and is more in line with user habits.

[0015] Preferably, the battery cell is equipped with a cell explosion-proof valve, and the housing is also equipped with a housing explosion-proof valve. The cell explosion-proof valve can discharge its contents and release internal pressure in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell; the housing explosion-proof valve can promptly discharge the gas emitted during thermal runaway of the battery cell from the housing, balancing the air pressure inside and outside the housing and preventing excessive air pressure inside the housing from causing danger; the cell explosion-proof valve and the housing explosion-proof valve make the testing process safer.

[0016] Preferably, the enclosure is also equipped with a video monitoring component. This component can acquire real-time images and sound information from inside the enclosure, allowing for a more intuitive and clear observation of the situation inside and providing more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of cell thermal runaway. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing battery cell thermal runaway testing device; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell thermal runaway testing device of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure behind the hidden door of the battery cell thermal runaway testing device of this utility model; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the clamping component and the battery cell of this utility model; In the existing technical diagram: 1a-clamping plate, 2a-attachment mesh, 3a-battery cell; In the figures of this utility model: 1-clamping assembly, 2-battery cell, 3-first clamping plate, 4-second clamping plate, 5-pressure detection assembly, 6-pressure plate, 7-mica heating plate, 8-column pressure sensor, 9-connection hole, 10-screw, 11-nut, 12-first temperature detection assembly, 13-second temperature detection assembly, 14-third temperature detection assembly, 15-box body, 16-battery cell explosion-proof valve, 17-box body explosion-proof valve, 18-video monitoring assembly, 19-box door, 20-first bracket, 21-second bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Example

[0019] like Figures 2-4 As shown, a battery cell thermal runaway testing device includes a clamping assembly 1. The clamping assembly 1 includes a first clamping plate 3 and a second clamping plate 4 for clamping a battery cell 2. A pressure detection assembly 5 is provided between the first clamping plate 3 and the battery cell 2. A pressure plate 6 is also provided between the pressure detection assembly 5 and the battery cell 2. The battery cell 2 is clamped between the pressure plate 6 and the second clamping plate 4. A heating assembly is provided between at least one of the pressure plate 6 and the second clamping plate 4 and the battery cell 2.

[0020] In this embodiment, the cell thermal runaway testing device monitors the internal pressure changes of the cell 2 by adding a pressure detection component 5 between the cell 2 and the first clamping plate 3. After adding the pressure detection component 5, a pressure plate 6 is also set between the pressure detection component 5 and the cell 2 to simulate the state of the cell 2 being squeezed during actual use. This makes the pressure information detected by the pressure detection component 5 more accurate. The collected pressure change information inside the cell 2 can provide more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of thermal runaway of the cell 2, which is beneficial for the prevention of thermal runaway of the cell 2 in the subsequent battery system design.

[0021] The pressure detection assembly 5 includes a column-type pressure sensor 8, with connection holes 9 at both ends. The first clamping plate 3 and the pressure plate 6 are fixedly connected to the connection holes 9 at both ends of the column-type pressure sensor 8 via fasteners. In this embodiment, the column-type pressure sensor 8 can be made using existing technology, and the fasteners can be screws (not shown in the figure). This arrangement ensures that the pressure detection assembly 5 is fixed between the first clamping plate 3 and the pressure plate 6 without shifting. Furthermore, since the first clamping plate 3 and the pressure plate 6 are fixed together by the pressure sensor, the clamping force of the first clamping plate 3 can be reliably transmitted to the pressure plate 6, thereby clamping the battery cell 2.

[0022] The two sides of the first clamping plate 3 and the two sides of the second clamping plate 4 are fixed together by screws 10 and nuts 11. In this embodiment, the two sides of the first clamping plate 3 are fixed together with the two sides of the second clamping plate 4 by three sets of screws 10 and nuts 11 respectively. This setting allows the clamping force between the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 to be adjusted by adjusting the nuts 11, thereby better simulating the compressive force experienced by the battery cell 2 during actual use.

[0023] The heating assembly includes a mica heating plate 7, which is provided between the pressure plate 6 and the battery cell 2, and between the second clamping plate 4 and the battery cell 2. In this embodiment, the mica heating plate 7 can be made using existing technology. The mica heating plate 7 has high heating efficiency and good safety performance; with mica heating plates 7 provided on both sides of the battery cell 2, the heating is faster and more uniform.

[0024] A first temperature detection component 12 is provided between the pressure plate 6 and the mica heating plate 7, and a second temperature detection component 13 is provided between the second clamping plate 4 and the mica heating plate 7. This setup indirectly obtains the temperature of the battery cell 2 by monitoring the temperature of the mica heating plate 7, and simultaneously obtaining the temperatures of both mica heating plates 7 makes the monitoring results more accurate; the collected temperature information of the battery cell 2 further provides more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of thermal runaway of the battery cell 2.

[0025] A third temperature detection component 14 is also provided on the outer side of the battery cell 2, away from the pressure plate 6 and the second clamping plate 4; the first temperature detection component 12, the second temperature detection component 13, and the third temperature detection component 14 can all adopt existing technologies, such as thermocouples. This setting directly monitors the temperature of the battery cell 2, thereby obtaining more accurate temperature data in combination with the first temperature detection component 12 and the second temperature detection component 13.

[0026] The system also includes a housing 15, with the clamping assembly 1 fixed inside the housing 15 and the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 spaced vertically apart. In this embodiment, the front of the housing 15 is provided with an openable door 19, and the bottom of the clamping assembly 1 is fixed to the rear of the housing 15 by a first bracket 20. Installing the clamping assembly 1 inside the housing 15 can prevent the battery cell 2 from directly spraying toxic and harmful substances outwards in the event of thermal runaway, thus making the testing process safer. The vertical spacing between the first clamping plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 of the clamping assembly 1 makes it easier to place the battery cell 2 and is more in line with user habits.

[0027] The battery cell 2 is equipped with a battery cell explosion-proof valve 16, and the housing 15 is also equipped with a housing explosion-proof valve 17. In this embodiment, the battery cell explosion-proof valve 16 is located on the front side of the battery cell 2, and the housing explosion-proof valve 17 is located on the left side of the housing 15. The battery cell explosion-proof valve 16 can discharge its contents and release the internal pressure of the battery cell 2 in the event of thermal runaway. The housing explosion-proof valve 17 can promptly discharge the gas emitted by the battery cell 2 during thermal runaway from the housing 15, balancing the air pressure inside and outside the housing 15 and preventing excessive air pressure inside the housing 15 from causing danger. The battery cell explosion-proof valve 16 and the housing explosion-proof valve 17 make the testing process safer.

[0028] The enclosure 15 also houses a video monitoring component 18. In this embodiment, the video monitoring component 18 is fixed to the rear side of the enclosure 15 via a second bracket 21 and is located directly above the clamping component 1. The video monitoring component 18 can acquire real-time images and sounds from inside the enclosure 15, allowing for a more intuitive and clear observation of the situation inside the enclosure 15, and further providing more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of thermal runaway of the battery cell 2.

[0029] The working principle of the cell thermal runaway testing device in this embodiment is as follows: The mica heating plate 7 heats the battery cell 2, and the first temperature detection component 12, the second temperature detection component 13, and the third temperature detection component 14 simultaneously monitor the temperature information of the battery cell 2. As the temperature rises, the chemical reaction rate inside the battery cell 2 accelerates, and heat accumulates. The accumulated heat causes the pressure inside the battery cell 2 to gradually increase, and the pressure inside the battery cell 2 is transmitted to the pressure detection component 5 through the pressure plate 6. The pressure detection component 5 monitors the pressure changes inside the battery cell 2 in real time. At the same time, the video monitoring component 18 monitors the real-time image and sound information inside the enclosure 15. Once the temperature reaches a certain critical value, a violent chemical reaction occurs inside the battery cell 2, releasing a large amount of heat, and the temperature rises further. The thermal runaway of cell 2 was triggered by the control of the air supply. After the thermal runaway of cell 2, the cell explosion-proof valve 16 bursts. At the same time, the gas continuously accumulating inside the housing 15 will also gradually increase the internal pressure of the housing 15. The housing explosion-proof valve 17 can timely discharge the gas generated inside the housing 15, balance the air pressure inside and outside the housing 15, and avoid the danger caused by excessive air pressure inside the housing 15. During the entire thermal runaway test of cell 2, the temperature information of cell 2, the internal pressure information of cell 2, and the real-time information such as images and sounds inside the housing 15 can be collected. The collected information is very comprehensive, which can provide more comprehensive data support for the diagnosis of thermal runaway of cell 2 and is more conducive to the prevention of thermal runaway of cell 2 in subsequent battery system design.

Claims

1. A battery cell thermal runaway testing device, comprising a clamping assembly (1), the clamping assembly (1) comprising a first clamping plate (3) and a second clamping plate (4) for clamping a battery cell (2), characterized in that: A pressure detection component (5) is provided between the first clamping plate (3) and the battery cell (2), and a pressure plate (6) is also provided between the pressure detection component (5) and the battery cell (2). The battery cell (2) is clamped between the pressure plate (6) and the second clamping plate (4). At least one of the pressure plate (6) and the second clamping plate (4) is provided with a heating component between it and the battery cell (2).

2. The battery cell thermal runaway testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure detection assembly (5) includes a column pressure sensor (8), and both ends of the column pressure sensor (8) are provided with connection holes (9). The first clamping plate (3) and the pressure plate (6) are respectively fixedly connected to the connection holes (9) at both ends of the column pressure sensor (8) by fasteners.

3. The cell thermal runaway testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two sides of the first clamping plate (3) are fixed together with the two sides of the second clamping plate (4) by screws (10) and nuts (11).

4. The battery cell thermal runaway testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating assembly includes a mica heating plate (7), and the mica heating plate (7) is provided between the pressure plate (6) and the battery cell (2) and between the second clamping plate (4) and the battery cell (2).

5. The cell thermal runaway testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first temperature detection component (12) is provided between the pressure plate (6) and the mica heating plate (7), and a second temperature detection component (13) is provided between the second clamping plate (4) and the mica heating plate (7).

6. The cell thermal runaway testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third temperature detection component (14) is provided on the outside of the battery cell (2) and at a position away from the pressure plate (6) and the second clamping plate (4).

7. The cell thermal runaway testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a housing (15), the clamping assembly (1) is fixed inside the housing (15) and the first clamping plate (3) and the second clamping plate (4) are arranged vertically at intervals.

8. The cell thermal runaway testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The battery cell (2) is provided with a battery cell explosion-proof valve (16), and the housing (15) is also provided with a housing explosion-proof valve (17).

9. The cell thermal runaway testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The enclosure (15) is also equipped with a video monitoring component (18).

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