Fuel cell coupled with solid hydrogen storage

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device, it is related to proton exchange membrane fuel cell technical field, including fuel cell, fuel cell includes the anode plate of U-shaped structure and sequentially arranged, membrane electrode assembly and cathode plate, the solid-state hydrogen storage device directly contacted with it is installed in the clamping groove formed on fuel cell, to increase thermal conductivity, can quickly reach thermal equilibrium, the phase change material filled in the gap of solid-state hydrogen storage device and fuel cell can increase heat exchange effect, solid-state hydrogen storage device transports hydrogen to anode plate place by pipeline, external oxygen supply device transports oxygen to cathode plate place by pipeline, hydrogen and oxygen are decomposed into ion form and react at membrane electrode assembly, generate electricity, heat, water, in the reaction process, the heat of fuel cell is directly transmitted to solid-state hydrogen storage device to improve its temperature, to improve the effective hydrogen release of solid-state hydrogen storage device, and further improve the energy utilization of device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology, and specifically relates to a fuel cell and solid hydrogen storage coupling device. Background Technology

[0002] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a highly efficient energy conversion device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is not constrained by the Carnot cycle and can achieve a conversion efficiency of 45% when directly converting to electricity, with heat generation accounting for 45%. If combined heat and power (CHP) is used, the conversion efficiency can reach 90%. However, the optimal design of the fuel cell flow channel directly affects the reaction process, thus influencing its performance output.

[0003] Fuel cells need to be paired with hydrogen storage devices to form a power source. Among existing hydrogen storage devices, room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage (AB2, AB5, vanadium-based BCC) is more suitable for pairing with fuel cells. This can improve system energy efficiency through hydrogen-thermal coupling (solid-state hydrogen storage absorbs and releases heat, and releases and absorbs heat; fuel cell generates heat through power generation). Traditional independent hydrogen storage tanks require an external thermal management system, which increases equipment size and energy consumption, limiting the miniaturization of the power source. Furthermore, solid-state hydrogen storage materials require precise temperature control during hydrogen absorption / release: hydrogen absorption and heat release require cooling, and hydrogen release and heat absorption require heating. Fuel cells generate a large amount of waste heat during power generation (operating temperature 600-800℃), resulting in energy waste due to traditional cooling systems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fuel cell and solid hydrogen storage coupling device, which optimizes the flow channel design to improve battery performance, and increases thermal conductivity by directly contacting the solid hydrogen storage with the fuel cell to quickly achieve thermal equilibrium. The specific technical solution is as follows: A fuel cell coupled with a solid hydrogen storage device includes a fuel cell comprising an anode plate, a membrane electrode assembly, and a cathode plate arranged in a U-shape in sequence. A solid hydrogen storage device is installed in a slot formed on the fuel cell. A phase change material is filled in the gap between the solid hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell. The solid hydrogen storage device supplies hydrogen to the anode plate through a pipeline.

[0005] Preferably, the anode plate is provided with several anode inlet channels and anode exhaust channels distributed at opposite ends, and the solid hydrogen storage device supplies hydrogen to the anode inlet channels through pipelines.

[0006] Preferably, the outlet end of the anode air intake channel is provided with an anode biomimetic leaf vein air intake guide structure, and the vein divergence direction of the anode biomimetic leaf vein air intake guide structure is the same as the air intake direction of the anode air intake channel.

[0007] Preferably, hydrogen gas enters the inner cavity of the anode plate from the anode inlet channel. The inner cavity of the anode plate is sequentially provided with an anode gas guide block, an anode spiral structure, a first anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet / outlet structure, and a second anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet / outlet structure along the hydrogen flow direction. The anode gas guide block is located on opposite side walls of the inner cavity of the anode plate. The anode spiral structure is a clockwise spiral structure. The vein divergence direction of the first anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet / outlet structure is the same as the hydrogen flow direction, while the vein divergence direction of the second anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet / outlet structure is opposite to the hydrogen flow direction.

[0008] Preferably, the cathode plate is provided with several cathode exhaust channels and cathode inlet channels distributed at opposite ends, and the external oxygen supply device supplies oxygen to the cathode inlet channels through pipelines.

[0009] Preferably, the outlet end of the cathode inlet air passage is provided with a cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet guide structure, and the vein divergence direction of the cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet guide structure is opposite to the air inlet direction of the cathode inlet air passage.

[0010] Preferably, oxygen enters the inner cavity of the cathode plate from the cathode inlet channel. The inner cavity of the cathode plate is provided with a cathode gas guide block, a cathode spiral structure, a first cathode bionic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure and a second cathode bionic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure in sequence along the oxygen flow direction. The cathode gas guide block is located on opposite side walls of the inner cavity of the cathode plate. The cathode spiral structure is a counterclockwise spiral structure. The vein divergence direction of the first cathode bionic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure is opposite to the oxygen flow direction, and the vein divergence direction of the second cathode bionic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure is the same as the oxygen flow direction.

[0011] Preferably, the membrane electrode assembly includes an anode gas diffusion layer, an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer, which are sequentially disposed from the anode plate end to the cathode plate end.

[0012] Preferably, the phase change temperature range of the phase change material is 30-70℃.

[0013] Preferably, the phase change material includes sodium acetate trihydrate, fatty acids, paraffin wax, nanocomposite multilayer film, and multifunctional composite PCM.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. This utility model provides a fuel cell and solid hydrogen storage coupling device. This device increases thermal conductivity by directly contacting the solid hydrogen storage device with the fuel cell. It can quickly achieve thermal equilibrium while reducing energy waste. Moreover, during the reaction process, the heat of the fuel cell is directly transferred to the solid hydrogen storage device to increase its temperature, thereby increasing the effective hydrogen release of the solid hydrogen storage device and thus improving the energy utilization rate of the device.

[0015] 2. The anode plate in this utility model is designed with a biomimetic leaf vein air inlet structure, anode air guide block, anode spiral structure, first anode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure and second anode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure. This design can improve airflow disturbance to enhance reaction while reducing air inlet resistance. The addition of the anode spiral structure in the middle enhances the internal reaction and reduces gas discharge. The use of a forward "horizontal" and "vertical" biomimetic leaf vein structure at the outlet can effectively discharge the humidified hydrogen.

[0016] 3. The cathode plate in this utility model improves gas disturbance and thus increases the reaction by designing a cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure, a cathode air guide block, a cathode spiral structure, a first cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure, and a second cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure. The addition of a cathode spiral structure in the middle enhances the internal reaction and increases the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet. The use of reverse "horizontal" and forward "vertical" biomimetic leaf vein structures at the outlet can improve gas disturbance and effectively discharge the generated water. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. The elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model (excluding phase change materials).

[0020] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the fuel cell of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the anode plate of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cathode plate of this utility model.

[0023] Explanation of key figure labels: 100 - Fuel cell; 110 - Anode plate; 111 - Anode inlet channel; 112 - Anode exhaust channel; 113 - Anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet structure; 114 - Anode gas guide block; 115 - Anode spiral structure; 116 - First anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet / outlet structure; 117 - Second anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet / outlet structure; 120 - Membrane electrode assembly; 121 - Anode gas diffusion layer; 122 - Anode catalyst layer; 123 - Mass... 124-Cathode catalytic layer, 125-Cathode gas diffusion layer, 130-Cathode plate, 131-Cathode exhaust channel, 132-Cathode inlet channel, 133-Cathode biomimetic leaf vein inlet structure, 134-Cathode gas guide block, 135-Cathode spiral structure, 136-First cathode biomimetic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure, 137-Second cathode biomimetic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure, 200-Solid-state hydrogen storage device, 300-Phase change material. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "top surface", "bottom surface", "inner", "outer", "inner side", "outer side", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. If the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used in the description, they are for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances. The embodiments of this utility model will now be described based on its overall structure.

[0028] Example like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a fuel cell coupled with a solid-state hydrogen storage device includes a fuel cell 100. The fuel cell 100 includes an anode plate 110, a membrane electrode assembly 120, and a cathode plate 130 arranged in a U-shape in sequence. A solid-state hydrogen storage device 200 is installed in a slot formed on the fuel cell 100. The gap between the solid-state hydrogen storage device 200 and the fuel cell 100 is filled with a phase change material 300. The direct contact between the solid-state hydrogen storage device 200 and the fuel cell 100 increases the thermal conductivity, allowing for rapid achievement of thermal equilibrium (the solid-state hydrogen storage device 200 releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, while the fuel cell 100 generates electricity). (Heat generation) Meanwhile, the phase change material 300 filled in the gap between the solid hydrogen storage device 200 and the fuel cell 100 can increase the heat exchange effect. The solid hydrogen storage device 200 supplies hydrogen to the anode plate 110 through pipelines, and the external oxygen supply device supplies oxygen to the cathode plate 130 through pipelines. Hydrogen and oxygen decompose into ionic form and react at the membrane electrode assembly 120 to generate electricity, heat and water. During the reaction, the heat of the fuel cell 100 is directly transferred to the solid hydrogen storage device 200 to increase its temperature, thereby increasing the effective hydrogen release of the solid hydrogen storage device 200 and thus improving the energy utilization rate of the device.

[0029] Preferably, the anode plate 110 is provided with a plurality of anode inlet channels 111 and anode exhaust channels 112 distributed at opposite ends, and the solid hydrogen storage device 200 supplies hydrogen to the anode inlet channels 111 through pipelines.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, an anode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet structure 113 is provided at the outlet end of the anode inlet channel 111. The vein divergence direction of the anode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet structure 113 is the same as the air inlet direction of the anode inlet channel 111. Hydrogen enters the inner cavity of the anode plate 110 from the anode inlet channel 111. In the inner cavity of the anode plate 110, along the hydrogen flow direction, an anode gas guide block 114, an anode spiral structure 115, a first anode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure 116, and a second anode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure 117 are sequentially arranged. The anode gas guide block 114 is located on the... On the opposite side walls of the inner cavity of the anode plate 110, the anode spiral structure 115 is a clockwise spiral structure. The vein divergence direction of the first anode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure 116 is the same as the hydrogen flow direction, and the vein divergence direction of the second anode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure 117 is opposite to the hydrogen flow direction. By designing the anode plate 110 with this structure, the airflow disturbance can be increased to improve the reaction, while the air inlet resistance can be reduced. The addition of the anode spiral structure 115 in the middle can enhance the internal reaction and reduce gas exhaust. The use of a forward "horizontal" and "vertical" biomimetic leaf vein structure at the outlet can effectively exhaust the humidified hydrogen.

[0031] Preferably, the cathode plate 130 is provided with a plurality of cathode exhaust channels 131 and cathode inlet channels 132 distributed at opposite ends, and the external oxygen supply device supplies oxygen to the cathode inlet channel 132 through pipelines.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments, a cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet structure 133 is provided at the outlet end of the cathode air inlet channel 132. The vein divergence direction of the cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet structure 133 is opposite to the air inlet direction of the cathode air inlet channel 132. Oxygen enters the inner cavity of the cathode plate 130 from the cathode air inlet channel 132. The inner cavity of the cathode plate 130 is provided with a cathode air guide block 134, a cathode spiral structure 135, a first cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure 136, and a second cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure 137 sequentially arranged along the oxygen flow direction. The cathode air guide block 134 is located on opposite side walls of the inner cavity of the cathode plate 130. The cathode spiral structure 135 is a counterclockwise rotating structure. The first cathode biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure 136... The veins of the outlet structure 136 diverge in the opposite direction to the oxygen flow, while the veins of the second cathode biomimetic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure 137 diverge in the same direction as the oxygen flow. Similarly, the anode plate 130 and the cathode plate 130 are designed in this way to improve gas disturbance and thus increase the reaction. The addition of the cathode spiral structure 135 in the middle enhances the internal reaction and increases the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet. The use of reverse "horizontal" and forward "vertical" biomimetic leaf vein structures at the outlet can improve gas disturbance and thus effectively discharge the generated water.

[0033] Preferably, the membrane electrode assembly 120 includes an anode gas diffusion layer 121, an anode catalyst layer 122, a proton exchange membrane 123, a cathode catalyst layer 124, and a cathode gas diffusion layer 125, which are sequentially disposed from the anode plate 110 end to the cathode plate 130 end.

[0034] Preferably, the phase change material 300 is selected from sodium acetate trihydrate, fatty acids, paraffin, nanocomposite multilayer film, and multifunctional composite PCM with a phase change temperature range of 30-70℃.

[0035] Next, the working process in this embodiment will be described in detail to enable those skilled in the art to better understand this utility model: Hydrogen gas output from the solid-state hydrogen storage device 200 enters the anode inlet channel 111 and exits through the anode exhaust channel 112. The hydrogen gas decomposes into hydrogen ions through the anode gas diffusion layer 121 and the anode catalyst layer 122. These hydrogen ions enter the proton exchange membrane 123 and then the cathode catalyst layer 124, reacting with oxygen ions to generate electricity, heat, and water. Air enters the cathode inlet channel 132 and exits through the cathode exhaust channel 131. Oxygen gas decomposes into oxygen ions through the cathode gas diffusion layer 125 and the cathode catalyst layer 124, reacting with hydrogen ions. During the reaction, the heat generated by the fuel cell 100 is directly transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 200 to increase its temperature, thereby increasing the effective hydrogen release capacity of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 200 and improving the energy utilization rate of the device. Phase change material 300 is filled into the fuel cell 100 and the solid-state hydrogen storage device 200 to improve their thermal conductivity.

[0036] In summary, this invention provides a fuel cell coupled with a solid-state hydrogen storage device. This device increases thermal conductivity by directly contacting the solid-state hydrogen storage device with the fuel cell, thereby reducing energy waste and quickly achieving thermal equilibrium. Furthermore, during the reaction, the heat from the fuel cell is directly transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage device to raise its temperature, thus increasing the effective hydrogen release capacity and improving the energy utilization rate of the device. The anode plate in this invention utilizes a biomimetic leaf vein air inlet structure, an anode air guide block, an anode spiral structure, a first biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure, and a second biomimetic leaf vein air inlet and outlet structure to enhance airflow disturbance and improve efficiency. While increasing the reaction rate, it can reduce the air intake resistance. The addition of an anode spiral structure in the middle enhances the internal reaction and reduces gas exhaust. The use of a forward "horizontal" and "vertical" biomimetic leaf vein structure at the exhaust can effectively exhaust the humidified hydrogen gas. The cathode plate in this utility model improves gas disturbance and thus increases the reaction by designing a cathode biomimetic leaf vein air intake structure, a cathode gas guide block, a cathode spiral structure, a first cathode biomimetic leaf vein air intake and exhaust structure, and a second cathode biomimetic leaf vein air intake and exhaust structure. The addition of a cathode spiral structure in the middle enhances the internal reaction and increases the inlet and outlet pressure difference. The use of a reverse "horizontal" and forward "vertical" biomimetic leaf vein structure at the exhaust can improve gas disturbance and effectively exhaust the generated water.

[0037] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is obvious that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. The purpose of selecting and describing exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art, after reading this specification, can make modifications, substitutions, variations, and various choices and changes to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, provided that such modifications, substitutions, variations, and choices and changes are within the scope of the claims of the present invention and are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A fuel cell coupled with solid-state hydrogen storage, characterized in that, The fuel cell (100) includes an anode plate (110), a membrane electrode assembly (120), and a cathode plate (130) arranged in sequence in a U-shape. A solid hydrogen storage device (200) is installed in a slot formed on the fuel cell (100). A phase change material (300) is filled in the gap between the solid hydrogen storage device (200) and the fuel cell (100). The solid hydrogen storage device (200) supplies hydrogen to the anode plate (110) through a pipeline.

2. The fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode plate (110) is provided with several anode inlet channels (111) and anode exhaust channels (112) distributed at opposite ends. The solid hydrogen storage device (200) supplies hydrogen to the anode inlet channels (111) through pipelines.

3. The fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outlet end of the anode air intake channel (111) is provided with an anode biomimetic leaf vein air intake guide structure (113), and the vein divergence direction of the anode biomimetic leaf vein air intake guide structure (113) is the same as the air intake direction of the anode air intake channel (111).

4. The fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Hydrogen gas enters the inner cavity of the anode plate (110) through the anode inlet channel (111). The inner cavity of the anode plate (110) is provided with an anode gas guide block (114), an anode spiral structure (115), a first anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure (116), and a second anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure (117) in sequence along the direction of hydrogen flow. The anode gas guide block (114) is located on opposite side walls of the inner cavity of the anode plate (110). The anode spiral structure (115) is a clockwise spiral structure. The vein divergence direction of the first anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure (116) is the same as the direction of hydrogen flow. The vein divergence direction of the second anode biomimetic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure (117) is opposite to the direction of hydrogen flow.

5. A fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode plate (130) is provided with several cathode exhaust channels (131) and cathode inlet channels (132) distributed at opposite ends. An external oxygen supply device supplies oxygen to the cathode inlet channel (132) through a pipeline.

6. The fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cathode inlet air passage (132) is provided with a cathode bionic leaf vein air inlet guide structure (133) at the air outlet end. The vein divergence direction of the cathode bionic leaf vein air inlet guide structure (133) is opposite to the air inlet direction of the cathode inlet air passage (132).

7. A fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Oxygen enters the inner cavity of the cathode plate (130) through the cathode inlet channel (132). The inner cavity of the cathode plate (130) is provided with a cathode gas guide block (134), a cathode spiral structure (135), a first cathode bionic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure (136), and a second cathode bionic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure (137) in sequence along the oxygen flow direction. The cathode gas guide block (134) is located on opposite side walls in the inner cavity of the cathode plate (130). The cathode spiral structure (135) is a counterclockwise spiral structure. The vein divergence direction of the first cathode bionic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure (136) is opposite to the oxygen flow direction. The vein divergence direction of the second cathode bionic leaf vein inlet and outlet structure (137) is the same as the oxygen flow direction.

8. A fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane electrode assembly (120) includes an anode gas diffusion layer (121), an anode catalyst layer (122), a proton exchange membrane (123), a cathode catalyst layer (124), and a cathode gas diffusion layer (125) arranged sequentially from the anode plate (110) end to the cathode plate (130) end.

9. A fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change temperature range of the phase change material (300) is 30-70℃.

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