A rocket-shaped ultra-wideband antenna element and antenna array

Abstract

The application discloses a rocket type ultra-wideband antenna unit and an antenna array. The cross section of the antenna unit is circular, and the side surface outer contour is streamlined, including a tapered metal cavity and a metal base located below the tapered metal cavity. The tapered metal cavity includes an arc-shaped top and a tapered neck located below the arc-shaped top, and the side surface outer contour of the arc-shaped top and the tapered neck is a tapered curve-shaped first curve. The top cross section diameter of the metal base is smaller than the bottom cross section diameter, and the side surface outer contour is a tapered curve-shaped second curve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of phased array antenna technology, and in particular to a rocket-type ultra-wideband antenna element and antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of radio astronomy, expanding the field of view of large radio telescopes is one of the key means to improve observation efficiency. Among these, the broadband performance and radiation stability of the antenna feed are crucial. Although traditional waveguide feeds have excellent phase stability and radiation efficiency, their inherent narrowband characteristics make it difficult to exceed the 1.5:1 limit in operating bandwidth. This shortcoming severely restricts their application in broadband observations.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, phased array feed (PAF) technology, with its arrayed beamforming capabilities and multi-target receiving capabilities, has gradually become a key means of expanding the field of view of large telescopes. PAF technology can achieve high sensitivity and wide-angle scanning capabilities within a bandwidth of 2:1 to 3:1 (i.e., a ratio of 2 to 3 times between the highest and lowest operating frequencies). Furthermore, the field-view expansion capabilities of PAF technology for large telescopes have been validated in the Square Kilometre Array (ASKAP) radio array in Australia and the APERTIF project of the Westerbock Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) in the Netherlands.

[0004] In phased array feed technology, the traditional Vivaldi antenna, through its exponentially tapered slot line structure, can achieve ultra-wideband characteristics, such as the 0.7-1.8 GHz system used in the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. However, Vivaldi antennas exhibit pattern splitting and significant edge effects at high frequencies, leading to a degraded radiation performance.

[0005] Therefore, in order to expand the field of view of large radio telescopes, while antenna feeds have broadband performance, they are still prone to high-frequency signal instability and have large edge signal interference, which leads to a decrease in the radiation performance of antenna feeds.

[0006] There is currently no effective solution to the technical problem of pattern splitting and edge effects in broadband antenna feeds, which leads to a decrease in antenna feed radiation performance. Utility Model Content

[0007] This invention provides an antenna element that at least solves the technical problem in the prior art where pattern splitting and edge effects occur in broadband antenna feeds, leading to a decrease in antenna feed radiation performance.

[0008] According to one aspect of this application, an antenna element is provided. The antenna element has a circular cross-section and a streamlined side profile, including a conical metal cavity and a metal base located below the conical metal cavity. The conical metal cavity includes an arc-shaped top and a tapered neck located below the arc-shaped top, wherein the side profiles of the arc-shaped top and the tapered neck are a first curve of a tapered curve shape. The metal base has a top cross-sectional diameter smaller than its bottom cross-sectional diameter, and its side profile is a second curve of a tapered curve shape.

[0009] According to another aspect of this application, an antenna array is provided. The antenna array includes a circuit board and a plurality of antenna elements arranged in an array on the circuit board, wherein the antenna elements are those described above.

[0010] To improve antenna radiation performance by suppressing sidelobes and reducing edge effects while maintaining broadband performance, this application proposes a rocket-shaped streamlined antenna element. The proposed antenna element achieves the desired operating bandwidth through geometric design.

[0011] Furthermore, the arc-shaped top of the conical metal cavity 100 can concentrate energy to the main lobe of the radiation pattern and suppress side lobe splitting.

[0012] Furthermore, when current flows through, it can smoothly transition along the surface of the antenna element with a continuously tapered structure, avoiding current accumulation at the edges and achieving uniform distribution of current across different frequency bands. Moreover, the continuously tapered structure of the antenna element 10 can achieve good impedance matching through continuous impedance transition, reducing signal reflection caused by abrupt changes and lowering the reflection coefficient of the antenna element. In this case, energy is more easily radiated, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna element.

[0013] Therefore, the antenna element provided in this application has a wide operating bandwidth, a stable radiation pattern, reduced edge effects, and high overall radiation efficiency. This solves the technical problem in the prior art where pattern splitting and edge effects occur in broadband antenna feeds, leading to a decrease in antenna feed radiation performance.

[0014] The above and other objects, advantages and features of this invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The following sections will describe some specific embodiments of this application in detail by way of example and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts or components. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the reflection coefficient of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3A This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application at 0.8 GHz;

[0020] Figure 3B This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application at 1.2 GHz;

[0021] Figure 3C This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application at 1.6 GHz;

[0022] Figure 3D This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application at 2.0 GHz;

[0023] Figure 3E This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application at 2.4 GHz;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the isolation between adjacent antenna elements of an antenna array according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 6A This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna array at 0.8 GHz according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 6B This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna array at 1.2 GHz according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 6C This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna array at 1.6 GHz according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 6D This is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna array at 2.0 GHz according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6EThis is a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna array at 2.4 GHz according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the reflective surface of a radio telescope using an antenna array according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 8A This is a telescope far-field radiation pattern at 0.8 GHz combined with a reflector, based on an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 8B This is a telescope far-field radiation pattern at 1.2 GHz combined with a reflector, based on an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 8C This is a telescope far-field radiation pattern at 1.6 GHz combined with a reflector, based on an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 8D This is a telescope far-field radiation pattern at 2.0 GHz combined with a reflector, based on an embodiment of this application; and

[0036] Figure 8E This is a telescope far-field radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz combined with a reflector, based on an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other. The present utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate for the embodiments of the utility model described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0040] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0041] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the antenna unit according to this embodiment. Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the antenna unit according to this embodiment.

[0042] According to one aspect of this embodiment, an antenna element 10 is provided. The antenna element 10 has a circular cross-section and a streamlined side profile, and includes a conical metal cavity 100 and a metal base 200 located below the conical metal cavity. The conical metal cavity 100 includes an arc-shaped top 110 and a tapered neck 120 located below the arc-shaped top 110, wherein the side profiles of the arc-shaped top 110 and the tapered neck 120 are a first curve with a tapered curve shape. The metal base 200 has a top cross-sectional diameter smaller than its bottom cross-sectional diameter, and its side profile is a second curve with a tapered curve shape.

[0043] Specifically, refer to Figure 1A and Figure 1B As shown, the antenna element 10 provided in this application is a single rocket-shaped antenna element with a circular cross-section, and the antenna element 10 has a streamlined structure. That is, the curves of the outer side contours of the conical metal cavity 100 and the lower metal base 200 are streamlined.

[0044] Furthermore, the conical metal cavity 100 includes an arc-shaped top 110 and a tapered neck 120 located below the arc-shaped top 110, wherein the outer contour of the side of the tapered neck 120 is a tapered curve. The curve of the outer contour of the side of the conical metal cavity 100 is a smooth curve (i.e., a first curve), and since the top cross-sectional diameter of the metal base 200 is smaller than the bottom cross-sectional diameter, the curve of the outer contour of the side of the metal base 200 is a tapered curve (i.e., a second curve). In the antenna element 10, the bottom cross-sectional diameter of the conical metal cavity 100 is the same as the top cross-sectional diameter of the metal base 200, thus together they can form an antenna element 10 with a streamlined outer contour.

[0045] Therefore, the streamlined antenna element 10 in the rocket shape of this application, with its continuously tapered structure, allows the current to transition smoothly along the surface of the antenna element 10, resulting in a more uniform current distribution across different frequency bands. This avoids edge effects caused by current accumulation at edges or sharp corners.

[0046] Secondly, the arc-shaped top 110 of the conical metal cavity 100 can enhance the axial component of the current and increase radiation, concentrating energy in the main lobe and reducing the radial current. As a result, side lobes are suppressed, the directivity of the antenna element 10 is improved, and thus the technical effect of reducing side lobe splitting in the radiation pattern of the antenna element 10 is achieved.

[0047] Finally, the impedance of antenna element 10 gradually changes from the theoretical maximum value at the top of the arc 110 to the design value at the bottom of the metal base 200, achieving good impedance matching through a continuous impedance transition. This reduces signal reflection caused by abrupt changes, making energy more easily radiated, thereby achieving the technical effects of reducing the reflection coefficient of antenna element 10 and improving overall radiation efficiency.

[0048] As described in the background section, in the field of radio astronomy, expanding the field of view of large radio telescopes is one of the key means to improve observation efficiency. Among these, the broadband performance and radiation stability of the antenna feed are crucial. While traditional waveguide feeds possess excellent phase stability and radiation efficiency, their inherent narrowband characteristics typically limit their operating bandwidth to 1.5:1, a deficiency that severely restricts their application in broadband observations. To address this issue, phased array feed (PAF) technology, with its arrayed beamforming capabilities and multi-target receiving capabilities, has gradually become a key means of expanding the field of view of large telescopes. Phased array feed technology can achieve high sensitivity and large-angle scanning capabilities within a bandwidth of 2:1 to 3:1 (i.e., a ratio of 2 to 3 times between the highest and lowest operating frequencies). Furthermore, the field-view expansion capabilities of phased array feed technology for large telescopes have been validated in the Square Kilometre Array (ASKAP) radio array in Australia and the APERTIF project of the Westerbock Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) in the Netherlands. In phased array feed technology, traditional Vivaldi antennas, through their exponentially tapered slot line structure, can achieve ultra-wideband characteristics, such as the 0.7-1.8 GHz system used in the Australian Square Kilometre Array (ASKAP) telescope. However, Vivaldi antennas exhibit pattern splitting and significant edge effects at high frequencies, leading to a decrease in radiation performance. Therefore, to meet the demand for expanding the field of view of large radio telescopes, while antenna feeds need to possess wideband performance, they still suffer from high-frequency signal instability and significant edge signal interference, resulting in a decline in the radiation performance of the antenna feed.

[0049] In view of this, in order to improve the antenna's radiation performance by suppressing sidelobes and reducing edge effects while maintaining broadband performance, this application proposes a rocket-shaped streamlined antenna element. The antenna element proposed in this application can achieve the desired operating bandwidth through geometric design.

[0050] Furthermore, the arc-shaped top of the conical metal cavity 100 can concentrate energy to the main lobe of the radiation pattern and suppress side lobe splitting.

[0051] Furthermore, when current flows through, it can smoothly transition along the surface of the antenna element with a continuously tapered structure, avoiding current accumulation at the edges and achieving uniform distribution of current across different frequency bands. Moreover, the continuously tapered structure of the antenna element 10 can achieve good impedance matching through continuous impedance transition, reducing signal reflection caused by abrupt changes and lowering the reflection coefficient of the antenna element. In this case, energy is more easily radiated, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna element.

[0052] Therefore, the antenna element provided in this application has a wide operating bandwidth, a stable radiation pattern, reduced edge effects, and high overall radiation efficiency. This solves the technical problem in the prior art where pattern splitting and edge effects occur in broadband antenna feeds, leading to a decrease in antenna feed radiation performance.

[0053] Figure 2 A graph showing the reflection coefficient of the antenna element according to this embodiment is provided. Specifically, refer to... Figure 2 As shown, the reflection coefficient of a single antenna element 10 is less than -10dB in the operating frequency band of 0.8 to 2.4 GHz.

[0054] Figures 3A-3E The 3D radiation pattern of the antenna element according to this embodiment is shown in the range of 0.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz. Specifically, refer to... Figures 3A-3E As shown, in the operating frequency band of 0.8 to 2.4 GHz, the radiation pattern of antenna element 10 is stable and always points upward.

[0055] Optionally, the lower part of the metal base 200 is formed with a plurality of evenly distributed hollow portions, and a plurality of feet for supporting the antenna unit 10 are formed between adjacent hollow portions.

[0056] Specifically, refer to Figure 1A As shown, in the design of the metal base 200 of the antenna unit 10, there are four evenly distributed hollow parts at the bottom, and four feet are formed between adjacent hollow parts, which serve as the main connection and support structure between the antenna unit 10 and the mounting surface.

[0057] The uniformly distributed perforated portion improves the continuous distribution of surface current in the antenna element 10 and optimizes impedance matching, reducing signal reflection. This avoids significant edge effects caused by current accumulation and achieves the technical effect of improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna element 10.

[0058] Optionally, the plurality of feet include a first foot 210, a second foot 220, a third foot 230 and a fourth foot 240 that are evenly distributed, wherein the first foot 210 and the third foot 230 are arranged opposite each other, the second foot 220 and the fourth foot 240 are arranged opposite each other, and the distance between adjacent feet is 108mm.

[0059] Specifically, refer to Figure 1AAs shown, the lower part of the metal base 200 has evenly distributed hollow sections, thereby forming protruding feet between adjacent hollow sections. These feet are a first foot 210, a second foot 220, a third foot 230, and a fourth foot 240, which are evenly distributed. The four feet are evenly distributed on the circumference of the bottom cross-section of the metal base 200, with the first foot 210 and the third foot 230, and the second foot 220 and the fourth foot 240 respectively positioned opposite each other, and the distance between adjacent feet is 108mm.

[0060] The multiple feet at the bottom of the metal base 200 are electrically connected to the mounting surface at multiple points, providing a low-impedance return path for high-frequency signals and reducing signal reflection and electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, the evenly distributed feet guide the uniform flow of current on the surface of the antenna element 10, thereby avoiding current inconsistencies caused by current accumulation at the bottom edge, suppressing sidelobe splitting of the radiation pattern, and ultimately improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna element 10.

[0061] Optionally, the antenna unit 10 further includes a support post 300, wherein the support post 300 is disposed inside the cavity of the metal base 200 and is connected to the top of the metal base 200.

[0062] Specifically, refer to Figure 1B As shown, a support column 300 is provided inside the cavity of the metal base 200, and is connected to the mounting surface from the top of the metal base 200.

[0063] Since both the conical metal cavity 100 and the metal base 200 are pure metal structures, they have a relatively large mass. Therefore, in order to maintain the overall structural stability of the antenna element 10, this application provides a support column 300 to connect the metal base 200 and the mounting surface, thereby achieving the technical effect of increasing the structural robustness of the antenna element 10.

[0064] Optionally, the support column 300 is made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

[0065] Specifically, refer to Figure 1B As shown, the support column 300 connecting the metal base 200 and the mounting surface is made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

[0066] High-performance engineering plastic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has a low density, good load resistance, and high strength, thus enabling it to improve structural stiffness while achieving lightweighting.

[0067] Optionally, the antenna unit (10) occupies a three-dimensional space with a height of 210mm, a length of 110mm, and a width of 110mm.

[0068] Specifically, refer to Figure 1AAs shown, in the three-dimensional space occupied by the antenna element 10, the height from the top of the arc-shaped top 110 to the bottom of the metal base 200 is 210mm, and the length and width occupied by the adjacent base are both 110mm.

[0069] In the geometric design of antenna element 10, its height determines the lowest operating frequency, and the curvature of the arc-shaped top 100 determines the highest operating frequency. Thus, by optimizing the geometry of antenna element 10, the bandwidth specifications (i.e., 0.8–2.4 GHz) desired by researchers can be achieved.

[0070] Optionally, the first curve satisfies the least squares fitting optimization function:

[0071]

[0072] Where x i The x-coordinates of randomly selected data points on the outer surface contour of the conical metal cavity (100) are represented by i = 1 to 13; y i f(x) represents the ordinate of the data point; i ) represents a polynomial function approximation model; a j denoted by the polynomial coefficients, j = 0 to 12.

[0073] Specifically, firstly, 13 data points are randomly selected from the curve of the outer contour of the side of the antenna element 10, where the abscissa of the data points is x. i (i = 1 to 13), with the y-axis as... i (i = 1 to 13). Using the polynomial function f(x) i As an approximate model, 13 selected random data points are incorporated into the optimization objective through least-squares fitting. The derivative is calculated and the polynomial coefficients α are obtained by solving the linear system. j (j = 0 ~ 12).

[0074] After fitting, a smooth and continuous curve can be generated from the polynomial function, which is used as the side profile curve of antenna element 10. The performance of the generated antenna element 10 is then evaluated according to the goals designed by the researchers.

[0075] The coordinates of the 13 data points on the final optimal curve are: (52,10), (42,80), (35,100), (25,150), (8,204), (3,209), (0,210), (28,10), (27,30), (20,56), (10,75), (5,80), (0,83).

[0076] Thus, in this application, researchers are able to precisely adjust the geometric design of the antenna element 10, thereby achieving the desired performance indicators (such as gain, radiation pattern, bandwidth, reflection coefficient, etc.).

[0077] Optionally, the conical metal cavity 100 and the metal base 200 are made of aluminum.

[0078] Specifically, refer to Figure 1A As shown, in antenna element 10, both the conical metal cavity 100 and the metal base 200 are made of aluminum.

[0079] Aluminum has high electrical conductivity and uniform conductivity, which can prevent local current accumulation when current passes through the surface of antenna element 10. This improves the directional consistency of the current and thus suppresses sidelobe splitting in the radiation pattern.

[0080] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the antenna array according to this embodiment is shown. According to another aspect of this embodiment, an antenna array 1 is provided, comprising a circuit board 400 and a plurality of antenna elements 10 arranged in an array on the circuit board 400, wherein the antenna elements 10 are any of the antenna elements 10 described above.

[0081] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in antenna array 1, multiple antenna elements 10 are evenly arranged on the bottom circuit board 400. The circuit board 400 is connected to the antenna elements 10, thereby supplying power to the antenna elements 10.

[0082] Figure 5 A graph showing the isolation between adjacent antenna elements of the antenna array according to this embodiment is presented. Specifically, refer to... Figure 5 As shown, in the operating frequency band of 0.8 to 2.4 GHz, the isolation between adjacent antenna elements 10 in antenna array 1 is less than -25 dB.

[0083] Figures 6A-6E The 3D radiation pattern of the antenna array according to this embodiment is shown in the range of 0.8–2.4 GHz. Specifically, refer to... Figures 6A-6E As shown, in the operating frequency band of 0.8 to 2.4 GHz, the radiation pattern of each antenna element 10 in antenna array 1 is stable and always points upward.

[0084] Optionally, the circuit board 400 is provided with a plurality of bases for mounting the antenna units 10, wherein the feet of adjacent antenna units 10 are mounted on the same base.

[0085] Specifically, refer to Figure 4As shown, the circuit board 400 is provided with multiple bases, and the antenna unit 10 is fixed to the circuit board 400 by embedding multiple feet into the bases. Furthermore, adjacent antenna units 10 are fixed by mounting adjacent feet on the same base.

[0086] Thus, the antenna unit 10 can be fixedly connected to the circuit board 400, and the circuit board 400 can supply power to the antenna unit.

[0087] Alternatively, the material of multiple bases may be high-density polyethylene.

[0088] Specifically, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) base serves as the connection structure between the antenna unit 10 and the circuit board 400. Because HDPE is an insulating material, it avoids the risk of short circuits when the antenna unit 10 and the circuit board 400 are fixedly connected.

[0089] Because high-density polyethylene material has a low dielectric constant, electromagnetic waves experience low energy loss when propagating within it, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna element 10.

[0090] Optionally, the antenna array 1 occupies a three-dimensional space with a height of 210mm, a length of 626mm, a width of 626mm, and a distance of 108mm between the arcuate tops 100 of adjacent antenna elements 10.

[0091] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in antenna array 1, multiple antenna elements 10 are evenly distributed on the bottom circuit board 400, and the distance between the arc-shaped tops 100 of adjacent antenna elements 10 is 108mm. Furthermore, the height of the three-dimensional space occupied by antenna array 1 is 210mm, the length is 626mm, and the width is 626mm.

[0092] Antenna array 1, composed of antenna elements 10 arranged in an array, can generate multiple beams simultaneously, covering a wider directional area, compared to the fixed single direction of a single antenna element 10. Furthermore, layout optimization is achieved through the distance between adjacent antenna elements 10, thereby improving isolation.

[0093] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the reflector surface of a radio telescope using the antenna array according to this embodiment is shown; Figures 8A to 8E The far-field radiation pattern of the telescope with reflector combined with the antenna array according to this embodiment is shown in the range of 0.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz.

[0094] Specifically, refer to Figure 7 As shown, when antenna array 1 is applied to a reflector with a diameter of 300m, antenna array 1 is mounted at a focal length position of 180m on the reflector. Figures 8A to 8EIn the diagram, the red and black lines show the far-field radiation patterns of E_co and E_cx at 0 degrees, respectively. The green and blue lines show the far-field radiation patterns of E_co and E_cx at 90 degrees, respectively.

[0095] Table 1 shows the gain and efficiency of the 16-element single-stage feed array at various frequencies. The antenna array achieves an overall radiation efficiency of no less than 70%.

[0096] Table 1

[0097] 0.8 65.5048 64.54 80.08％ 1.2 68.52662 67.84 85.38％ 1.5 69.96482 68.68 74.39％ 1.6 70.5254 69.56 80.07％ 2.0 73.4636 72.63 82.54％ 2.4 75.54722 74.81 84.39％

[0098] Thus, the antenna array proposed in this application achieves the following technical effects within a working frequency bandwidth of 0.8 to 2.4 GHz: a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB, an isolation of -25 dB, an overall radiation efficiency of better than 70%, and a radiation pattern with almost no sidelobe splitting.

[0099] In addition, to avoid array resonance that may be caused by unterminated common-mode signals, a 180-ohm differential LNA port can be used to replace the original 50-ohm SMA interface.

[0100] Specifically, firstly, the 180-ohm feed method has good matching with commonly used feed impedances (e.g., 50 ohms or 75 ohms) in RF and microwave applications, making it more compatible and thus enabling efficient transmission of RF signals without causing significant reflections or signal loss.

[0101] Secondly, 180-ohm cables have lower signal loss, especially in the high-frequency range, making them suitable for long-distance signal transmission or high signal-to-noise ratio applications. They can also reduce electromagnetic interference and signal coupling, thereby improving signal quality and system performance.

[0102] Finally, 180-ohm cables have a wide bandwidth, enabling them to transmit signals across multiple frequency ranges, making them suitable for broadband communications and multi-band applications.

[0103] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0104] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0105] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself.

[0106] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna element (10), wherein the antenna element (10) has a circular cross-section and a streamlined outer contour on its side surface, characterized in that, It includes a conical metal cavity (100) and a metal base (200) located below the conical metal cavity (100), wherein The conical metal cavity (100) includes an arc-shaped top (110) and a gradient neck (120) located below the arc-shaped top (110), wherein the outer contours of the sides of the arc-shaped top (110) and the gradient neck (120) are first curves of a gradient curve shape, and The top cross-sectional diameter of the metal base (200) is smaller than the bottom cross-sectional diameter, and the outer contour of the side is a second curve with a gradient curve shape.

2. The antenna element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower part of the metal base (200) has a plurality of evenly distributed hollow sections, and a plurality of feet for supporting the antenna unit (10) are formed between adjacent hollow sections.

3. The antenna unit (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of feet include a first foot (210), a second foot (220), a third foot (230), and a fourth foot (240) that are evenly distributed, and wherein The first foot (210) is positioned opposite to the third foot (230), the second foot (220) is positioned opposite to the fourth foot (240), and the distance between adjacent feet is 108mm.

4. The antenna element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support column (300), wherein the support column (300) is disposed inside the cavity of the metal base (200) and is connected to the top of the metal base (200).

5. The antenna element (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The material of the support column (300) is polyetheretherketone.

6. The antenna element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit (10) occupies a three-dimensional space with a height of 210mm, a length of 110mm, and a width of 110mm.

7. The antenna element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first curve satisfies the least squares fitting optimization function: Where x i The x-coordinates of randomly selected data points on the outer surface contour of the conical metal cavity (100) are represented by i = 1 to 13; y i f(x) represents the ordinate of the data point; i ) represents a polynomial function approximation model; a j denoted as polynomial coefficients, j = 0 to 12.

8. The antenna element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conical metal cavity (100) and the metal base (200) are made of aluminum.

9. An antenna array (1), the antenna array (1) comprising a circuit board (400) and a plurality of antenna elements (10) arranged in an array configuration on the circuit board (400), characterized in that, The antenna element (10) is the antenna element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. The antenna array (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The circuit board (400) is provided with a plurality of bases for mounting the antenna units (10), wherein the bases of adjacent antenna units (10) are mounted on the same base, and wherein, The material of the plurality of bases is high-density polyethylene, and wherein, The antenna array (1) occupies a three-dimensional space with a height of 210mm, a length of 626mm, a width of 626mm, and a distance of 108mm between the arc-shaped tops (110) of adjacent antenna elements (10).

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