A decoupling parasitic device, a base station antenna and a base station

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of decoupling parasitic device, base station antenna and base station, it is arranged in the upper of the radiating arm of base station antenna low-frequency unit, comprising: device body, the device body includes multiple recessed conductive parts, multiple the recessed conductive part is annularly arranged on the device body, adjacent recessed conductive part is connected by at least two wire traces, and adjacent recessed conductive part and corresponding at least two wire traces form at least one closed loop between;Each recessed conductive part and its two sides connected wire trace constitute a resonant circuit.The scheme is improved by introducing parasitic device on small size low-frequency antenna unit to improve low-frequency unit itself impedance matching, while increasing decoupling characteristics in parasitic device, so that it is decoupled to high frequency band, so as to reduce the radiation interference of the parasitic device to high frequency band antenna, ensure the overall performance of antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a decoupling parasitic device, a base station antenna, and a base station. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of 5G communication, base station antennas in communication equipment need to cover more and more operating frequency bands. This requires that, in multi-band fusion antennas, the radiating elements and parasitic elements of each frequency band should, under the premise of normal operation, minimize the impact of their own existence on other frequency bands and be as "transparent" to other frequency bands as possible.

[0003] Common multi-band fusion base station antennas typically consist of one or more low-frequency and high-frequency arrays, comprising low-frequency (617MHz-960MHz) and high-frequency (1427-2690MHz) bands. These arrays are compactly arranged and can influence each other. One such influence is that the radiation from low-frequency elements significantly affects the radiation pattern characteristics of high-frequency elements. Simultaneously, considering cost and wind resistance requirements, the size requirements for base station antennas are becoming increasingly stringent. This necessitates increasingly compact multi-band array arrangements and minimizing the physical size of antenna elements. However, smaller element sizes can negatively impact element matching and performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a parasitic device that can both ensure the performance of low-frequency antenna elements and reduce their impact on high-frequency bands. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a decoupling parasitic device, a base station antenna, and a base station. By introducing a parasitic device into a small-sized low-frequency antenna unit, the impedance matching of the low-frequency unit itself is improved. At the same time, decoupling features are added to the parasitic device to decouple it from the high-frequency band, thereby reducing the radiation interference of the parasitic device to the high-frequency antenna and ensuring the overall performance of the antenna.

[0005] The technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] This utility model provides a decoupling parasitic device, disposed above the radiating arm of the low-frequency unit of a base station antenna, comprising:

[0007] The device body includes a plurality of recessed conductive portions arranged in a ring on the device body.

[0008] Adjacent recessed conductive portions are connected by at least two wire traces, and at least one closed loop is formed between adjacent recessed conductive portions and the corresponding at least two wire traces;

[0009] Each of the recessed conductive portions and the wire traces connected to both sides thereon constitute a resonant circuit.

[0010] This solution incorporates multiple recessed conductive sections, with adjacent sections connected by at least two wire traces. Each adjacent recessed conductive section and its corresponding wire trace forms at least one closed loop. This allows for the generation of opposite induced current directions on either side of the recessed conductive section when the high-frequency unit radiates onto the parasitic device, thus canceling out the induced currents and achieving decoupling of the parasitic device at high frequencies. Furthermore, by using at least two wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive sections, the resonant bandwidth can be broadened, achieving broadband decoupling. This parasitic device facilitates impedance matching of the low-frequency unit, thereby promoting miniaturization and improving radiation efficiency. The addition of decoupling features to the parasitic device further reduces its radiated interference to the high-frequency antenna, contributing to overall antenna performance.

[0011] In some embodiments, the multiple closed loops formed by the plurality of recessed conductive portions and the wire traces are centrally or axially symmetrical on the device body.

[0012] In some embodiments, the number of recessed conductive portions is four, and the four recessed conductive portions are evenly arranged around the device body.

[0013] In some embodiments, the recessed conductive part has a first connection point of the wire trace on both sides of the groove opening, and at least one second connection point of the wire trace on both sides of the groove body.

[0014] The wire traces are connected between adjacent recessed conductive portions through corresponding first connection points and second connection points.

[0015] In some embodiments, the openings of the recessed grooves in the recessed conductive portion are all provided facing outwards; or,

[0016] The groove openings of the recessed conductive parts are all arranged facing inwards.

[0017] In some embodiments, the lengths of the wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive portions increase sequentially from the inside to the outside, and an isolation space is left between adjacent wire traces.

[0018] In some embodiments, the number of wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive portions is two, namely a first wire trace and a second wire trace, wherein the first wire trace is inside the second wire trace;

[0019] Each of the first conductor traces forms an inner ring structure that is square or quasi-square in shape, and each of the second conductor traces forms an outer ring structure that is square or quasi-square in shape, and the outer ring structure surrounds the inner ring structure.

[0020] Secondly, this application also provides a base station antenna, including a low-frequency unit, a high-frequency unit, and the decoupling parasitic device described in the first aspect, wherein the decoupling parasitic device is disposed above the radiating arm of the low-frequency unit.

[0021] In some embodiments, the difference between the equivalent electrical length of the closed loop formed by the plurality of recessed conductive portions and the wire traces and the operating wavelength of the low-frequency unit is within a preset range.

[0022] Thirdly, this application also provides a base station, including the base station antenna described in the third aspect.

[0023] According to the present invention, a decoupling parasitic device, a base station antenna, and a base station are provided. By introducing a parasitic device into a small-sized low-frequency antenna unit, the impedance matching of the low-frequency unit itself is improved. At the same time, decoupling features are added to the parasitic device to decouple it from the high-frequency band, thereby reducing the radiation interference of the parasitic device to the high-frequency antenna and ensuring the overall performance of the antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The preferred embodiments will now be described in a clear and easy-to-understand manner, with reference to the accompanying drawings, to further explain the above-mentioned characteristics, technical features, advantages, and implementation methods of this solution.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the parasitic device structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the parasitic device structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the parasitic device structure of another embodiment of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a high-frequency induced current path diagram of a parasitic device according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the direction of the induced current on both sides of the recessed conductive portion of the parasitic device according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram comparing the effects of single-wire and double-wire traces on the high-frequency horizontal lobe width according to one embodiment of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram comparing the impedance matching of the low-frequency unit after loading parasitic devices according to one embodiment of this utility model.

[0033] The numbers in the figure are: 100-device body, 110-recessed conductive part, 111-second connection point, 121-first wire trace, 122-second wire trace. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of this utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0035] To keep the drawings concise, only the parts relevant to this invention are shown schematically in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some figures, only one of the components with the same structure or function is schematically depicted, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one."

[0036] With the development of 5G communication, base station antennas in communication equipment need to cover more and more operating frequency bands. This requires that, in multi-band fusion antennas, the radiating elements and parasitic elements of each frequency band should, under the premise of normal operation, minimize the impact of their own existence on other frequency bands and be as "transparent" to other frequency bands as possible.

[0037] Common multi-band fusion base station antennas typically consist of one or more low-frequency and high-frequency arrays, comprising low-frequency (617MHz-960MHz) and high-frequency (1427-2690MHz) bands. These arrays are compactly arranged and can influence each other. One such influence is that the radiation from low-frequency elements significantly affects the radiation pattern characteristics of high-frequency elements. Simultaneously, considering cost and wind resistance requirements, the size requirements for base station antennas are becoming increasingly stringent. This necessitates increasingly compact multi-band array arrangements and minimizing the physical size of antenna elements. However, smaller element sizes can negatively impact element matching and performance.

[0038] In summary, the design of low-frequency antenna elements requires both minimizing size and ensuring proper operation, while also maintaining "transparency" to high-frequency bands. This application proposes a technical solution to improve the impedance matching of a small-sized low-frequency antenna element by introducing parasitic devices. Furthermore, decoupling features are added to these parasitic devices to decouple them from high-frequency bands, thereby reducing interference from high-frequency antenna radiation and achieving "transparency" of the parasitic devices to high frequencies. The following is a detailed description of this solution with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0039] In one embodiment, refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3 This utility model provides a decoupling parasitic device, disposed above the radiating arm of the low-frequency unit of a base station antenna. The device body 100 includes a single-layer copper-clad PCB structure or a metal plate structure, etc., with simple manufacturing process and low cost, suitable for use in large-scale base station antennas. This application does not limit the specific shape of the device body 100. Since the parasitic device is used to improve the impedance matching of the low-frequency unit of the base station antenna, the specific shape and size of the parasitic device can be set according to the shape and size of the low-frequency unit of the base station antenna, so that the device body 100 can be adapted to the radiating arm of the low-frequency unit of the base station antenna. For example, in this application, the device body 100 is set as a plate, with a shape close to a square or rectangle, and the four corners correspond to the four radiating arms of the low-frequency unit.

[0040] The device body 100 includes a plurality of recessed conductive portions 110, which are arranged in a ring on the device body 100. Adjacent recessed conductive portions 110 are connected by at least two wire traces, and at least one closed loop is formed between adjacent recessed conductive portions 110 and the corresponding at least two wire traces. The recessed conductive portions 110 are conductive structures with conductive properties, and the traces are conductive paths etched on the PCB board in PCB design for connecting electronic components (in this application, they are used to connect the recessed conductive portions 110). This application does not limit the specific recessed shape of the recessed conductive portions 110, and it can be adjusted according to requirements. For example, the recessed groove of the recessed conductive portion 110 is a rectangular groove with the groove opening facing outwards (as shown in the attached figure). Figure 1 (as shown); for example, the recessed groove of the recessed conductive part 110 is a rectangular groove with the groove opening facing inward (as shown in the attached figure). Figure 2 What to add Figure 3(As shown); for example, the recessed groove of the recessed conductive portion 110 is an arc-shaped groove with the groove opening facing inward. Furthermore, to avoid disorder of the various wire traces, the groove openings of the recessed grooves of each recessed conductive portion 110 can be arranged in the same direction, that is, the groove openings of the recessed grooves of each recessed conductive portion 110 are all arranged outward, or the groove openings of the recessed grooves of each recessed conductive portion 110 are all arranged inward. Adjacent recessed conductive portions 110 are connected by at least two wire traces, so that at least one closed loop can be formed between adjacent recessed conductive portions 110 and the corresponding at least two wire traces. For example, when adjacent recessed conductive portions 110 are connected by two wire traces, a closed loop can be formed. When the parasitic device generates a high-frequency induced current due to the influence of the high-frequency unit, the existence of the closed loop allows opposite directions of induced current to be formed on both sides of the recessed conductive portion 110, thereby canceling out the induced currents and achieving decoupling of the parasitic device from the high-frequency band.

[0041] Each recessed conductive portion 110 and the connecting wire traces on both sides constitute a resonant circuit, enabling the entire system to form a cascaded resonant circuit through the various closed loops, thereby improving the impedance matching of the low-frequency unit of the base station antenna. In practical applications, a single wire trace connecting adjacent recessed conductive portions 110 can achieve the technical objective, but the effect is unsatisfactory. Therefore, this application provides at least two wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive portions 110 (for example, the wire traces include a first wire trace 121 and a second wire trace 122) to broaden the resonant bandwidth, thereby improving the impedance matching effect of the low-frequency unit.

[0042] Furthermore, the parasitic device of this application also has a decoupling effect. Specifically, the decoupling parasitic device of this application is disposed above the radiating arm of the low-frequency element of the base station antenna (see attached specification). Figure 6 Due to the influence of high-frequency units, the high-frequency induced current path diagram of parasitic devices is shown in the attached instruction manual. Figure 4 This solution involves providing multiple recessed conductive portions, with adjacent recessed conductive portions connected by at least two wire traces, forming at least one closed loop between adjacent recessed conductive portions and their corresponding wire traces. (See attached specification.) Figure 5 Under the radiation influence of the high-frequency unit, when the high-frequency unit radiates onto the parasitic device, induced currents in opposite directions can be formed on both sides of the recessed conductive portion 110, thereby canceling out the induced currents and achieving decoupling of the parasitic device from the high-frequency band. Furthermore, by setting at least two wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive portions 110, the resonant bandwidth can be broadened, achieving broadband decoupling.

[0043] The parasitic devices in this application facilitate impedance matching of the low-frequency cell itself, thereby contributing to cell miniaturization and improving cell radiation efficiency. (See attached specification.) Figure 8 Compared to conventional low-frequency units without parasitic components, the return loss of the low-frequency unit is significantly improved after adding parasitic components. Furthermore, adding decoupling features to the parasitic components decouples them from the high-frequency band, thereby reducing the radiated interference of the parasitic components on the high-frequency antenna and helping to ensure the overall antenna performance.

[0044] Since this parasitic device is used in conjunction with a low-frequency unit, to accommodate the shape of the low-frequency unit, multiple recessed conductive portions can be arranged in a ring on the device body. Furthermore, the multiple closed loops formed by the recessed conductive portions and the wire traces are centrally or axially symmetrical on the device body. When the closed loops are centrally or axially symmetrical, the decoupling effect is better. Of course, in some applications where the decoupling effect requirement is lower, the closed loops can be asymmetrical; this application does not impose any limitations. Moreover, this application does not limit the specific number of recessed conductive portions 110. For example, in one specific implementation, the number of recessed conductive portions 110 is set to four, and the four recessed conductive portions 110 are evenly arranged around the device body, corresponding exactly to the radiating arms of the low-frequency unit, to facilitate impedance matching of the low-frequency unit itself. In other embodiments, when the number of radiating arms of the low-frequency unit is other than a certain number, a corresponding number of recessed conductive portions 110 can be provided for the parasitic device.

[0045] The recessed conductive portion 110 has first connection points for wire traces on both sides of the groove opening, and at least one second connection point 111 for wire traces on both sides of the groove body. Adjacent recessed conductive portions 110 are connected by wire traces through corresponding first and second connection points 111. For example, refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The number of wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive parts is two, namely a first wire trace 121 and a second wire trace 122. The two ends of the first wire trace 121 are connected to both sides of the groove opening of the corresponding recessed conductive part 110, and the two ends of the second wire trace 122 are connected to the second connection points 111 provided on both sides of the groove body of the corresponding recessed conductive part 110, forming a closed loop. While only one wire trace connecting adjacent recessed conductive parts 110 can achieve the technical objective of improving the impedance matching of the low-frequency unit of the base station antenna, the effect is inferior compared to having two or more wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive parts. (Refer to the appendix of the specification.) Figure 7 Compared to parasitic devices with single-wire traces, using parasitic devices with dual-wire traces can broaden the resonant bandwidth and achieve broadband decoupling. Alternatively, broadband decoupling can also be achieved by adjusting the length of the wire traces and the length of the recessed conductive portion.

[0046] To prevent adjacent wire traces from interfering with each other, the lengths of the wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive parts are arranged to increase sequentially from the inside to the outside, and sufficient isolation space is left between adjacent wire traces. For example, refer to the appendix of the specification. Figure 1 In one specific implementation, there are two wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive portions: a first wire trace 121 and a second wire trace 122. The first wire trace 121 is inside the second wire trace 122. The length of the second wire trace 122 is greater than the length of the first wire trace 121, and there is a sufficiently large gap between the segments of the first wire trace 121 and the second wire trace 122. To achieve this, the second wire trace 122 can be set as an outwardly curved curve or a group of outwardly curved line segments. Each of the first wire traces 121 can form an inner ring structure that is square or quasi-square, and each of the second wire traces 122 can form an outer ring structure that is square or quasi-square, with the outer ring structure surrounding the inner ring structure. When the groove opening direction of the recessed conductive portion 110 is different, the shapes of the segments of the first wire trace 121 and the second wire trace 122 are different, and the overall shape of the decoupling parasitic device will also be different. For example, see attached... Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3 In the examples provided, in other embodiments, changing the shape of the first conductor trace 121 segment and the second conductor trace 122 can also produce a new overall appearance shape of the decoupling parasitic device, but the principle of achieving decoupling is the same, and this application does not impose any limitations.

[0047] In one embodiment, refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 6 This application also provides a base station antenna, including a low-frequency unit, a high-frequency unit, and a decoupling parasitic device as described in the foregoing embodiments. The decoupling parasitic device is disposed above the radiating arm of the low-frequency unit. Compared with conventional base station antennas, this base station antenna, by loading a parasitic device onto the low-frequency unit, can facilitate impedance matching of the low-frequency unit itself, thereby promoting miniaturization of the low-frequency unit and improving its radiation efficiency. Simultaneously, the addition of decoupling features to the parasitic device enables it to decouple from the high-frequency unit, thereby reducing the radiation interference of the parasitic device to the high-frequency unit and ensuring the overall performance of the base station antenna. The structure and effects of the parasitic device have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0048] In one specific implementation, the difference between the equivalent electrical length of the closed loop formed by multiple recessed conductive parts and wire traces and the operating wavelength of the low-frequency unit is within a preset range. The preset range should be small enough that the equivalent electrical length of the closed loop formed by multiple recessed conductive parts and wire traces is approximately equal to the operating wavelength of the low-frequency unit. This can be used to optimize the impedance matching of the low-frequency unit itself, thereby improving the radiation performance of the entire low-frequency array.

[0049] In one embodiment, this application also provides a base station, including the base station antenna of the foregoing embodiments. The base station antenna of this base station has the technical effects described in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0050] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A decoupling parasitic device, characterized in that, Located above the radiating arm of the low-frequency element of the base station antenna, including: The device body includes a plurality of recessed conductive portions arranged in a ring on the device body. Adjacent recessed conductive portions are connected by at least two wire traces, and at least one closed loop is formed between adjacent recessed conductive portions and the corresponding at least two wire traces; Each of the recessed conductive portions and the wire traces connected to both sides thereon constitute a resonant circuit.

2. The decoupling parasitic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple closed loops formed by the multiple recessed conductive portions and the multiple wire traces are centrally or axially symmetrical on the device body.

3. The decoupling parasitic device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of recessed conductive portions is four, and the four recessed conductive portions are evenly arranged around the device body.

4. The decoupling parasitic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recessed conductive part has a first connection point of the wire trace on both sides of the groove opening, and at least one second connection point of the wire trace on both sides of the groove body. The wire traces are connected between adjacent recessed conductive portions through corresponding first connection points and second connection points.

5. The decoupling parasitic device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The groove openings of the recessed conductive parts are all provided facing outwards; or, The groove openings of the recessed conductive parts are all arranged facing inwards.

6. The decoupling parasitic device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The lengths of the wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive portions increase sequentially from the inside to the outside, and an isolation space is left between adjacent wire traces.

7. The decoupling parasitic device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The number of wire traces connecting adjacent recessed conductive portions is two, namely a first wire trace and a second wire trace, with the first wire trace inside the second wire trace; Each of the first conductor traces forms an inner ring structure that is square or quasi-square in shape, and each of the second conductor traces forms an outer ring structure that is square or quasi-square in shape, and the outer ring structure surrounds the inner ring structure.

8. A base station antenna, characterized in that, It includes a low-frequency unit, a high-frequency unit, and a decoupling parasitic device as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the decoupling parasitic device is disposed above the radiating arm of the low-frequency unit.

9. The base station antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The difference between the equivalent electrical length of the closed loop formed by the plurality of recessed conductive portions and the wire traces and the operating wavelength of the low-frequency unit is within a preset range.

10. A base station, characterized in that, Includes the base station antenna as described in claim 8 or 9.

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