A wall-penetrating terminal and power device

Abstract

The application relates to a wall-through terminal and a power equipment, and relates to the technical field of power equipment connecting devices, which comprises a shell and a plurality of wiring structures arranged on the shell, wherein the plurality of wiring structures comprises phase line wiring structures and neutral line wiring structures; the phase line wiring structures comprise a phase line conductive row, the phase line conductive row is arranged in the shell, and both ends of the phase line conductive row are located on the inner side and the outer side of the shell respectively; the neutral line wiring structures comprise a cable and a neutral line conductive row, the neutral line conductive row is arranged on the outer side of the shell, one end of the cable is fixed to the inner side of the shell, and the other end of the cable passes through the shell and is connected with the neutral line conductive row. According to the application, the small-current terminal is designed as a split structure of the cable and the neutral line conductive row through differential design; the flexible internal cable is used to realize staggered arrangement with the rigid large-current conductor, the inner volume of the wall-through terminal can be reduced, and thus the opening and sealing circumference of the power equipment box can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power equipment connection devices, and in particular to a through-wall terminal and power equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, the power density of power equipment such as inverters and converters continues to increase, and the requirements for miniaturization of internal components are also becoming increasingly stringent. As a key connection component for current output of power equipment, the structural layout of the through-wall terminal directly affects the overall size and performance of the device.

[0003] Currently, the multi-conductor through-wall terminals commonly used in this field, such as the A-phase, B-phase, C-phase, and neutral terminals in a three-phase four-wire system, all employ an integrated rectangular copper busbar structure for their internal conductors. Due to the inherent rigidity of the copper busbar itself, coupled with the need to reserve necessary screw connection space on both the inner and outer sides, multiple copper busbars can only be arranged side-by-side along the same plane within the housing. This layout results in low internal space utilization of the through-wall terminal, ultimately leading to its large size. This gives rise to a series of related problems: the large through-wall terminal body not only directly restricts the miniaturization of power equipment enclosures but also forces a corresponding increase in the opening size of the power equipment enclosure, resulting in an excessively long sealing interface, which in turn challenges the overall sealing reliability of the power equipment; in addition, the magnetic ring sleeved on the outside of the through-wall terminal for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) protection is also forced to increase in size due to the through-wall terminal size, thereby increasing material costs and weakening the product's market competitiveness. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems of traditional through-wall terminals, which are bulky, restrict the miniaturization of power equipment, have poor sealing reliability, and have high supporting costs due to the use of rigid copper busbars in parallel for internal conductors, this application provides a through-wall terminal and power equipment.

[0005] The technical solution for a through-wall terminal and power equipment provided in this application is as follows: A through-wall terminal includes a housing and a plurality of wiring structures disposed on the housing, the plurality of wiring structures including a phase wire wiring structure and a neutral wire wiring structure; The phase wire connection structure includes a phase wire conductive bus, which passes through the housing and has its two ends located on the inner and outer sides of the housing, respectively. The neutral line wiring structure includes a cable and a neutral line busbar. The neutral line busbar is located on the outside of the housing. One end of the cable is located on the inside of the housing, and the other end passes through the housing and is connected to the neutral line busbar.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, the wiring structures of the through-wall terminals are designed differently, and the neutral wire wiring structure (the terminal carrying a small current) is innovatively designed. Internally, cables are used for electrical connection, while externally, a standardized conductive busbar (neutral conductor busbar) is retained, forming a split conductive structure. This design frees the portion of the neutral wire wiring structure inside the housing (i.e., the cable) from the spatial constraints of the rigid structure, allowing for flexible adjustment of its routing path. This enables staggered spatial arrangement of the phase conductor busbar with the phase wire wiring structure, effectively reducing the overall outline size of the through-wall terminals. The reduction in terminal volume directly optimizes the required opening size of the power equipment enclosure, shortens the perimeter of the sealing interface, and improves the overall sealing reliability of the power equipment. Simultaneously, the externally retained neutral conductor busbar ensures convenient and reliable connection to external power supply lines.

[0007] In one specific implementation, the housing is provided with a wire hole, through which the cable passes through the housing.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the cable hole can provide a regular and controlled through-hole channel for the cable, ensuring the regularity and insulation safety of the cable passing through the housing.

[0009] In one specific implementation, the location of the wire hole is opposite to the wiring direction of the phase conductor busbar inside the housing.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, and by placing the wire hole on the opposite side of the phase conductor busbar wiring direction, the cable and phase conductor busbar are structurally separated from each other in the inner side of the housing, providing direct space guarantee for achieving a stable and reliable staggered layout, thereby achieving a compact internal structure of the through-wall terminal.

[0011] In one specific implementation, a sealing element is provided in the threading hole to seal the gap between the cable and the threading hole.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, a sealing element is installed inside the wire hole, which can fill the gap between the cable and the hole wall, preventing dust, moisture and other pollutants from entering the interior through this path, thereby enhancing the sealing and protection capability of the through-wall terminal.

[0013] In one specific implementation, the cable is provided with a first terminal and a second terminal at both ends, the first terminal is located inside the housing, and the second terminal is connected to the neutral conductor.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, standard terminals are crimped to both ends of the cable, realizing modularization and standardization of the connection, making the connection between the cable and subsequent internal circuits and external neutral conductors more convenient and reliable.

[0015] In one specific implementation, the second terminal is detachably connected to the neutral busbar via fasteners.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and using fasteners for connection, the contact pressure between the second terminal and the neutral conductor busbar can be guaranteed, and it is convenient to disassemble and reconnect during maintenance.

[0017] In one specific implementation, the rated current carried by the neutral line connection structure is less than the rated current carried by the phase line connection structure.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the circuit with a small rated current is designed as a neutral line connection structure. Under the premise of meeting the current carrying requirements, the spatial layout flexibility brought by the use of cables can be fully utilized to achieve a compact design.

[0019] In one specific implementation, the housing is provided with a positioning slot, and the cable is secured in the positioning slot.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the positioning slot is used to constrain and fix the position of the cable of the neutral wire connection structure on the housing, prevent it from being displaced due to vibration or external force, and ensure the reliability of the electrical connection.

[0021] In one specific implementation, the housing is provided with a partition, which is disposed between the plurality of wiring structures.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up partitions between wiring structures at different potentials, the creepage distance and electrical clearance between wiring structures can be increased, thereby improving the overall electrical safety performance.

[0023] An electrical device includes a through-wall terminal as described above.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution and the through-wall terminal of this application, the power equipment can achieve the beneficial effects of a more compact overall structure, better sealing performance, and lower overall cost while maintaining connection reliability.

[0025] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows: This application differentiates the multiple wiring structures of the through-wall terminal, and innovatively designs the neutral wire wiring structure (the terminal carrying small current). Internally, it uses cables for electrical connection, while externally it retains a standardized conductive busbar (neutral conductor busbar), forming a split conductive structure. Furthermore, by utilizing the flexibility of cable routing, it achieves a staggered layout with the phase wire wiring structure carrying large current within the housing cavity, thereby breaking through the space limitation that multiple conductors must be arranged in parallel, significantly improving space utilization, and making the overall structure of the through-wall terminal extremely compact and its volume greatly reduced, meeting the miniaturization requirements of high-power-density power equipment. Thanks to the compact design of the through-wall terminal body, the required opening size of the power equipment enclosure can be optimized, effectively shortening the sealing perimeter and thus improving the overall sealing reliability of the power equipment. At the same time, this design also allows for a reduction in the size of supporting components such as the EMC magnetic ring mounted on the outside of the through-wall terminal, reducing material costs. In addition, this design not only ensures the safety and stability of the electrical connection, but also has a wide range of applicability and can be flexibly adapted to the circuit topology of AC three-phase systems. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure inside the through-wall terminal in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the outside of the through-wall terminal in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Housing; 2. Phase wire connection structure; 21. Phase A conductor bar; 22. Phase B conductor bar; 23. Phase C conductor bar; 3. Neutral wire connection structure; 31. Cable; 311. First terminal; 312. Second terminal; 32. Neutral conductor bar; 4. Wire hole; 5. Positioning slot; 6. Fastener; 7. Partition plate; 8. Mounting hole; 9. Through-hole. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-2 This application will be described in further detail.

[0030] This application discloses a through-wall terminal and power equipment. The through-wall terminal is particularly suitable for high power density power equipment, such as the power connection part of photovoltaic inverters, energy storage converters, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and electric vehicle charging piles. For the sake of detailed explanation, this embodiment uses the application of the through-wall terminal in a high-power photovoltaic inverter as an example.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The through-wall terminal includes a housing 1 and multiple wiring structures disposed on the housing 1; the multiple wiring structures include at least one phase wire wiring structure 2 and at least one neutral wire wiring structure 3, wherein the rated current carried by the neutral wire wiring structure 3 is less than the rated current carried by the phase wire wiring structure 2; the phase wire wiring structure 2 includes a phase wire conductor bar, which passes through the housing 1, with its two ends located on the inner and outer sides of the housing 1 respectively; the neutral wire wiring structure 3 includes a cable 31 and a neutral wire conductor bar 32, with the neutral wire conductor bar 32 disposed on the outer side of the housing 1, one end of the cable 31 disposed on the inner side of the housing 1, and the other end passing through the housing 1 and connected to the neutral wire conductor bar 32.

[0032] In this embodiment, the housing 1 is integrally molded from high-performance engineering plastics (such as PBT, nylon, etc.) using an injection molding process. The housing 1 includes an inner structure and an outer structure. The inner structure of the housing 1 faces the inside of the inverter housing, and the outer structure of the housing 1 faces the external environment. The area of ​​the inner structure of the housing 1 is smaller than the area of ​​the outer structure of the housing 1. The outer structure of the housing 1 is provided with mounting holes 8. During assembly, the inner structure of the housing 1 is inserted into the inside of the inverter housing, and the outer structure of the housing 1 abuts against the outer wall of the inverter housing. The outer structure of the housing 1 is connected and fixed to the inverter housing through the mounting holes 8 and screws. At the joint surface between the inner structure of the housing 1 and the inverter housing, a sealing structure such as a sealing ring or sealant is provided to ensure good sealing performance.

[0033] In this embodiment, the through-wall terminal is specifically applied to a three-phase four-wire system, such as the AC output port of a high-power photovoltaic inverter. The three-phase four-wire system includes three live wires (A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase) and one neutral wire. According to the electrical characteristics of the system, the rated current carried by the neutral wire connection structure 3 is less than the rated current carried by the phase wire connection structure 2. Specifically, under a three-phase balanced load, the neutral wire current is basically zero or very small, much smaller than the currents of phases A, B, and C. Therefore, in this embodiment, phases A, B, and C are designed as three phase wire connection structures 2, while the neutral wire is designed as a neutral wire connection structure 3. This design is optimized based on current differences, achieving a compact layout of the through-wall terminal while fully meeting the current carrying requirements of the neutral wire.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The three phase conductor busbars of the three phase conductor connection structure 2 correspond to phases A, B, and C respectively, namely phase A conductor busbar 21, phase B conductor busbar 22, and phase C conductor busbar 23; phase A conductor busbar 21, phase B conductor busbar 22, and phase C conductor busbar 23 are preferably copper busbars; the through-holes 9 of phase A conductor busbar 21, phase B conductor busbar 22, and phase C conductor busbar 23 on the housing 1 are along the longitudinal direction (refer to...). Figure 1 (Y direction in the middle) set side by side; During the injection molding process of the housing 1, the A-phase conductive busbar 21, B-phase conductive busbar 22, and C-phase conductive busbar 23 are pre-embedded in the mold, passing through the parallel through-holes 9. The portions of the A-phase conductive busbar 21, B-phase conductive busbar 22, and C-phase conductive busbar 23 located inside the housing 1 are bent to maintain their ends parallel to the axis of the through-holes 9, thereby ensuring that the ends of the A-phase conductive busbar 21, B-phase conductive busbar 22, and C-phase conductive busbar 23 extend longitudinally within the housing 1 (refer to...). Figure 1 The components (in the Y direction) are arranged side by side for easy connection of internal inverter components; In the portions of phase A busbar 21, phase B busbar 22, and phase C busbar 23 located outside the housing 1, their outer ends are bent to face a different direction (vertical direction) than their inner ends. This design causes the outer ends of phase A busbar 21, phase B busbar 22, and phase C busbar 23 to laterally (refer to...) at the outer ends of the housing 1. Figure 2 The X-direction (in the middle) is arranged side by side for easy connection to external power supply lines; In this embodiment, the A-phase busbar 21, the B-phase busbar 22 and the C-phase busbar 23 are all provided with threaded holes at the inner and outer ends of the housing 1, which are used to connect the internal components of the inverter and the external power supply lines respectively by screws.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The neutral wire wiring structure 3, corresponding to the neutral wire, adopts a combination design of cable 31 and neutral wire busbar 32. The neutral wire busbar 32 is preferably a copper busbar. The neutral wire busbar 32 is fixed to the outside of the housing 1 and is positioned laterally (see reference). Figure 2 The neutral line conductor 32 is arranged side by side with the A-phase conductor 21, B-phase conductor 22 and C-phase conductor 23 in the X direction, and the neutral line conductor 32 is located on the adjacent side of the C-phase conductor 23. In this embodiment, the neutral line conductor 32 can be fixedly installed on the outside of the housing 1 by integral molding or screws, etc. The neutral line conductor 32 is also provided with threaded holes for connecting to the external power supply line by screws. In this embodiment, the cable 31 of the neutral wire connection structure 3 is a flexible insulated copper core soft cable, and its conductor cross-sectional area is selected according to the rated current of the neutral wire; the cable 31 passes through the housing 1 through the wire hole 4 opened on the housing 1, and the wire hole 4 is integrally formed during the injection molding of the housing 1; the diameter of the wire hole 4 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cable 31 to ensure smooth passage while avoiding excessive looseness.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2To ensure that the cable 31 of the neutral line wiring structure 3 can be staggered with the phase line conductors (A phase conductor 21, B phase conductor 22, C phase conductor 23), the opening position of the wire hole 4 is opposite to the wiring direction of the phase line conductors (A phase conductor 21, B phase conductor 22, C phase conductor 23) inside the housing 1. Specifically, in this embodiment, the wiring direction of phase A busbar 21, phase B busbar 22, and phase C busbar 23 is to the right, that is, the wire hole 4 is located to the left of phase A busbar 21, phase B busbar 22, and phase C busbar 23. This design can provide a clear and independent wiring channel for cable 31, and structurally ensure that cable 31 of neutral wiring structure 3 can achieve a stable and reliable staggered layout with phase busbars (phase A busbar 21, phase B busbar 22, and phase C busbar 23), thereby reducing the overall length (Y direction dimension) of the inner structure of the wall-penetrating terminal and solving the problem of excessive inner volume of the wall-penetrating terminal caused by the traditional four copper busbars arranged in parallel.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The two ends of the cable 31 are respectively crimped with a first terminal 311 and a second terminal 312. In this embodiment, both the first terminal 311 and the second terminal 312 are standard OT terminals. In other embodiments, the first terminal 311 and the second terminal 312 can also be UT terminals. The first terminal 311 of the cable 31 is located on the inner side of the housing 1 and is used to connect to the neutral line connection point inside the inverter. The second terminal 312 of the cable 31 passes through the wire hole 4 to the outer side of the housing 1 and is detachably electrically connected to the neutral line conductor 32 on the outer side of the housing 1 by fastener 6. The fastener 6 includes, but is not limited to, screws. This connection method is highly reliable and easy to maintain.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 To optimize wiring and improve reliability, a positioning slot 5 is provided on the outer wall of the housing 1, which is located near the wire hole 4. When the cable 31 passes through the wire hole 4, the part of the cable 31 on the outside of the housing 1 is inserted into and fixed in the positioning slot 5, which can prevent the cable 31 from being displaced or loosened due to inverter vibration and improve stability.

[0039] To enhance the protection level, a sealing element (not shown in the figure) is provided inside the wire hole 4. In this embodiment, the sealing element is formed by potting glue inside the wire hole 4 to form a sealing glue layer to achieve a seal. In other embodiments, the sealing element can also be a sealing ring. By installing the sealing ring on the inner wall of the wire hole 4, when the cable 31 passes through the wire hole 4, the sealing ring will fit against the outer wall of the cable 31 to achieve a seal.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 On the housing 1, insulating partitions 7 are provided between multiple wiring structures. Specifically, partitions 7 are provided between phase A conductor 21 and phase B conductor 22, phase B conductor 22 and phase C conductor 23, and phase C conductor 23 and neutral conductor 32. These partitions 7 can increase the creepage distance and electrical clearance between conductors at different potentials, thereby improving the electrical safety of the product.

[0041] It should be noted that the above design concept of this application is not limited to three-phase four-wire systems. Its essence is a general solution to the common phenomenon of current differences between different conductors in a circuit. The concept of this application can be applied whenever there are multiple conductive terminals in the wall terminal and there are terminals that carry relatively small or zero rated current.

[0042] Specifically, the design of neutral line connection structure 3 can be flexibly applied to various circuit topologies to achieve space optimization: In AC systems, in addition to three-phase four-wire systems, in single-phase three-wire systems (L, N, PE), one or more terminals with smaller current (such as N, PE) can be designed as neutral wire connection structures. In a DC system, if there is a current difference in a bipolar system (such as DC+ and DC-), the pole with the smaller current can also be designed as a neutral line connection structure 3; In particular, when there are multiple terminals with relatively small rated currents, they can all be designed as neutral line connection structure 3; for example, in a three-phase five-wire system (A, B, C, N, PE), both the neutral line and the PE line can be used as neutral line connection structure 3, thereby maximizing space utilization.

[0043] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: differentiated processing is carried out for wiring structures of different current levels; specifically, for the phase wire wiring structure 2 (including A phase conductor 21, B phase conductor 22 and C phase conductor 23) that carries a large current, its phase conductors are pre-embedded and fixed during the injection molding stage of the housing 1, forming an integrated rigid connection that passes through the inner and outer sides of the housing 1, and the structure is firm and reliable. For the neutral line wiring structure 3 (such as the neutral line) that carries a small current, a split assembly is adopted. The neutral line conductive bus 32 is fixed on the outside of the housing 1. During assembly, the first terminal 311 on the cable 31 is placed inside the housing 1. Then, the end of the cable 31 with the second terminal 312 is passed through the preset wire hole 4 from the inside of the housing 1 and led to the outside of the housing 1. The cable 31 is then inserted into the positioning slot 5 on the housing 1 for positioning, fixing and guiding. Subsequently, the second terminal 312 is aligned with the neutral line conductive bus 32 that has been installed on the outside of the housing 1 and locked onto the neutral line conductive bus 32 by fasteners 6 (such as screws) to achieve electrical connection and mechanical fixation. After the overall assembly is completed, the entire through-wall terminal is fixed to the inverter housing through its mounting hole 8, and the sealing structure (such as the sealing ring) is compressed by tightening to ensure the interface seal between the through-wall terminal and the inverter housing; finally, the corresponding wiring structures on the inner and outer sides of the through-wall terminal housing 1 are connected to the internal components of the inverter and the external power supply line, and the system integration is completed.

[0044] This application replaces the internal conductor of the neutral line connection structure 3 (such as the neutral line) that carries small currents with a flexible cable 31 instead of a traditional rigid copper busbar. This fully utilizes the flexibility of the cable 31's layout, breaking through the spatial limitation that the phase line connection structure 2 (A-phase conductor busbar 21, B-phase conductor busbar 22, C-phase conductor busbar 23) that carries large currents must be arranged in parallel on the same plane. By staggering the cable 31 and the through hole 4 of the neutral line connection structure 3 with the phase line connection structure 2 (A-phase conductor busbar 21, B-phase conductor busbar 22, C-phase conductor busbar 23) in the three-dimensional space inside the housing 1, an effective staggered layout is achieved, thereby optimizing space at the structural level and significantly reducing the internal volume occupied by the through-wall terminal.

[0045] Through the aforementioned differentiated design and spatial staggered optimization, the through-wall terminal achieved in this application possesses the outstanding advantage of a highly compact internal structure. The reduction in the overall volume of the through-wall terminal directly addresses the urgent need for miniaturization of key components in current high-power-density power equipment. The smaller external profile allows for a reduction in the opening size of the power equipment enclosure, effectively shortening the sealing interface length and significantly improving the overall sealing protection capability and reliability. Furthermore, the compact structure also allows for a corresponding reduction in the size of accessories such as the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) magnetic ring, reducing material costs and enhancing the overall competitiveness of the product. This design not only ensures the safety and stability of electrical connections but also has broad applicability, flexibly adapting to the circuit topology of AC three-phase systems, demonstrating superior engineering practicality and market value.

[0046] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A through-wall terminal, characterized in that: The device includes a housing and a plurality of wiring structures disposed on the housing, the plurality of wiring structures including a phase wire wiring structure and a neutral wire wiring structure; The phase wire connection structure includes a phase wire conductive bus, which passes through the housing and has its two ends located on the inner and outer sides of the housing, respectively. The neutral line wiring structure includes a cable and a neutral line busbar. The neutral line busbar is located on the outside of the housing. One end of the cable is located on the inside of the housing, and the other end passes through the housing and is connected to the neutral line busbar.

2. The through-wall terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing has a through hole, through which the cable passes.

3. The through-wall terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The location of the wire hole is opposite to the wiring direction of the phase conductor busbar inside the housing.

4. The through-wall terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The threading hole is equipped with a sealing element to seal the gap between the cable and the threading hole.

5. The through-wall terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable has a first terminal and a second terminal at both ends. The first terminal is located inside the housing, and the second terminal is connected to the neutral conductor.

6. The through-wall terminal according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second terminal is detachably connected to the neutral conductor bus via fasteners.

7. The through-wall terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The neutral line connection structure carries a less rated current than the phase line connection structure.

8. The through-wall terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing is provided with a positioning slot, and the cable is secured in the positioning slot.

9. The through-wall terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing is provided with a partition, which is located between the plurality of wiring structures.

10. An electrical device, characterized in that: Includes the through-wall terminal as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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