Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of photovoltaic module, it is related to solar cell technical field, and photovoltaic module includes: battery string, including opposite light-receiving side and back light side;Frame assembly is located at back light side;Frame assembly includes multiple frame strips, and multiple frame strips are formed into frame structure with cavity;Frame strip is equipped with support surface to the side of battery string, and support surface is in abutment with back light side;Frame strip is gradually reduced in size in the first direction from the edge close to battery string one end to the edge away from battery string one end.The utility model's technical scheme, frame assembly will not shield light-receiving side, also will reduce the area of shielding back light side, it is favorable to increase effective power generation area, significantly improve effective power generation area ratio, and then improve the power output of unit volume;By abutment of support surface and back light side, battery piece can be uniformly stressed in laminating and using process, effectively reduce the risk of hidden crack of battery piece, it is favorable to improve the service life and reliability of photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous iteration and development of photovoltaic technology, portable photovoltaic modules have been increasingly promoted and applied in various photovoltaic application fields due to their advantages such as flexibility, portability, and wide applicability.

[0003] In photovoltaic modules using related technologies, the cell strings are embedded in mounting grooves within the frame, with both the front and back of the cell strings abutting against the groove walls. The limitations of this design are: the front of the cell strings abutting against the groove walls results in a lower effective power generation area ratio for the photovoltaic module; and the embedding of the cell strings within the frame's mounting grooves makes the frame prone to stress concentration on the cell cells when the photovoltaic module is heated or subjected to stress, leading to a higher risk of microcracks. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve or improve the technical problems of low effective power generation area ratio and high risk of microcracks in cell strings in photovoltaic modules, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a photovoltaic module.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a photovoltaic module, including: a battery string, including a light-receiving side and a back-lighting side; a frame assembly, disposed on the back-lighting side; the frame assembly includes multiple frame strips, which together form a frame structure with cavities; a support surface is provided on the side of the frame strip facing the battery string, and the support surface abuts against the back-lighting side; the size of the frame strip gradually decreases in a first direction from one end near the edge of the battery string to one end away from the edge of the battery string.

[0006] This utility model aims to provide a photovoltaic module with a frame assembly located on the backlight side of the battery string. This design has two advantages: first, it helps to reduce the outer dimensions of the photovoltaic module, thus accommodating larger battery cells within the same external dimensions; second, it helps to reduce the ineffective power generation area from the edge of the battery string to the edge of the module (the edge of the photovoltaic module), significantly increasing the proportion of effective power generation area, thereby improving the power output per unit volume.

[0007] Furthermore, the frame assembly features a cavity-like frame structure. This design not only avoids obstructing the light-receiving side of the cell string but also minimizes the area obstructing the back-light side, thereby increasing the effective power generation area and improving power output per unit volume. By abutting the support surface of the frame strip against the back-light side of the cell string, the cells are subjected to uniform stress during lamination and use, effectively reducing the risk of microcracks and improving the lifespan and reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0008] The frame of the photovoltaic module adopts a gradually changing size structure. The cross-sectional shape of the frame is not rectangular, but rather an asymmetrical irregular cross-section that is thicker on the outside and thinner on the inside. This design has several advantages. First, by combining the thicker outer area with the thinner inner area, it reduces material usage, weight, and cost while ensuring the overall mechanical strength and impact resistance of the photovoltaic module, thus achieving lightweighting. Second, the gradually changing size structure eliminates the right-angle steps found in square frames, effectively preventing poor flow of the encapsulating film during lamination, which improves encapsulation quality and extends the lifespan of the photovoltaic module. Third, the asymmetrical irregular cross-section of the frame effectively avoids stress concentration on the solar cells caused by the sharp corners of the square frame, reducing the risk of microcracks in the solar cells.

[0009] In some technical solutions, the frame strip optionally includes a first part and a second part connected together; the second part gradually decreases in size in a first direction from one end closer to the first part to one end farther away from the first part; at least a portion of the support surface is located on the side of the second part facing the battery string.

[0010] In this technical solution, the first part is used to ensure the overall mechanical strength and impact resistance of the photovoltaic module, and to improve the bending resistance of the frame strip in the first direction. The second part is used to reduce material usage, reduce weight and cost to achieve lightweighting; it is also used to resist the impact force along the second direction when the photovoltaic module is dropped.

[0011] In some technical solutions, optionally, the second part is formed by extending the first part along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0012] In this technical solution, the first and second parts are an integrated structure, which offers better mechanical properties and higher connection strength compared to post-processing methods (such as bonding), thus reducing the number of parts and improving assembly efficiency. By increasing the extension dimension of the second part (the dimension of the second part in the second direction), the strength of the photovoltaic module in the second direction can be greatly improved, effectively resisting the impact force along the second direction when the photovoltaic module is dropped.

[0013] In some technical solutions, optionally, the side of the second part facing away from the battery string is provided with a gentle transition slope, which is used to connect with the surface of the side of the first part facing away from the battery string.

[0014] In this technical solution, by setting a gentle transition slope, the stepped structure can be eliminated, thereby reducing the risk of air bubbles. The frame strip adopts a gradually changing size structure, eliminating the right-angle steps in the square frame, which can effectively avoid the poor flow of the encapsulating film during lamination, thus improving the encapsulation quality and the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0015] In some technical solutions, optionally, at least a portion of the support surface is also located on the side of the first part facing the battery string.

[0016] In this technical solution, the support surface is located in both the second and first parts. Compared with the design where it is only located in the second part, this allows the cells of the battery string to be subjected to uniform stress during lamination and use. This helps to further reduce the risk of cell cracking caused by uneven pressure during lamination and improves the service life and reliability of photovoltaic modules.

[0017] In some technical solutions, the photovoltaic module may optionally include a busbar located on the side of the frame away from the battery string, the busbar being used to connect the battery string to aggregate the current generated by the battery string.

[0018] In this technical solution, by placing the busbar on the side of the frame away from the battery string, firstly, it optimizes the spatial layout, as the busbar does not block the light-receiving side of the battery string, maximizing the effective power generation area of ​​the battery string; secondly, the busbar and battery string are located on opposite sides of the frame, physically independent of each other, effectively avoiding mutual interference and improving structural stability; thirdly, the busbar generates heat during operation due to the current flow, and placing the busbar on the side of the frame away from the battery string facilitates rapid heat dissipation, preventing the heat generated by the busbar from being directly transferred to the battery string, thus ensuring the power generation stability of the photovoltaic module during long-term use.

[0019] In some technical solutions, optionally, a receiving groove is provided on the side of the frame bar facing away from the battery string; at least a portion of the bus bar is disposed in the receiving groove.

[0020] In this technical solution, the busbar is integrated into the receiving slot of the frame bar, reducing the space occupied outside the frame components. This compact wiring saves space and reduces the wiring complexity of the photovoltaic modules. Therefore, this design method helps to optimize circuit connections and simplify wiring methods and production processes.

[0021] In some technical solutions, optionally, a positioning mark is provided on the side of the frame facing the battery string.

[0022] In this technical solution, the positioning markers are used to assist in setting the spacing of the reinforcing layer or other layer structures during installation, avoiding problems such as layer structure misalignment and uneven thickness caused by visual errors during manual installation. By setting the positioning markers, workers can quickly complete the installation and fixing of the layer structure without additional measurements, significantly reducing the time cost of the calibration process and improving production and assembly efficiency.

[0023] In some technical solutions, the photovoltaic module may optionally include: a first weather-resistant layer disposed on the light-receiving side; a first reinforcing layer disposed between the first weather-resistant layer and the cell string; a second weather-resistant layer disposed on the side of the frame module facing away from the cell string; and a second reinforcing layer disposed between the second weather-resistant layer and the frame module.

[0024] In this technical solution, by setting a weather-resistant layer and a reinforcing layer, the weather resistance and structural strength of the photovoltaic module are improved, thereby increasing the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0025] In some technical solutions, the photovoltaic module may optionally include: a first encapsulant layer disposed between the first weather-resistant layer and the first reinforcing layer; and / or a second encapsulant layer disposed between the first reinforcing layer and the cell string; and / or a third encapsulant layer disposed between the second weather-resistant layer and the second reinforcing layer; and / or a fourth encapsulant layer disposed between the second reinforcing layer and the frame module.

[0026] In this technical solution, the encapsulant layer acts as a flexible buffer layer, absorbing the stress from mechanical vibration and thermal expansion, reducing the risk of microcracks in the solar cells and improving the lifespan of the photovoltaic module. Simultaneously, the fourth encapsulant layer covers the edges of the structure, preventing moisture from entering the photovoltaic module from the sides, further extending its lifespan. Additionally, the encapsulant layer blocks leakage paths between the layer structures, ensuring high reliability of the insulation.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 An exploded view of a photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a frame strip according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0032] in, Figures 1 to 4 The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows:

[0033] 1: Photovoltaic module; 10: Cell string; 102: Light-receiving side; 104: Backlight side; 106: Cell; 108: Welding strip; 12: Frame assembly; 122: Frame strip; 1221: First part; 1222: Second part; 1223: Support surface; 1224: Gentle transition slope; 1225: Receiving groove; 1226: Positioning mark part; 123: Cavity; 124: Frame structure; 131: Busbar; 132: Flexible wiring; 141: First weather-resistant layer; 142: First reinforcing layer; 143: Second weather-resistant layer; 144: Second reinforcing layer; 151: First encapsulant layer; 152: Second encapsulant layer; 153: Third encapsulant layer; 154: Fourth encapsulant layer; 155: Fifth encapsulant layer; a: First direction; b: Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model, the embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of this utility model and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0035] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] With the continuous iteration and development of photovoltaic technology, portable photovoltaic modules have been increasingly promoted and applied in various photovoltaic application fields due to their advantages such as flexibility, portability, and wide applicability.

[0037] In related technologies, photovoltaic modules include cell strings and frames. The cell strings are embedded and fixed in pre-set mounting slots in the frame, and both the front and back sides of the cell strings directly abut against the corresponding slot walls, thereby achieving the assembly and fixation of the cell strings on the frame.

[0038] The limitations of this design are twofold: First, because the front of the battery string needs to abut against the wall of the mounting slot, the frame will block the sunlight-receiving area of ​​the battery string to a certain extent. This reduces the effective area of ​​the battery string that can receive sunlight and perform photoelectric conversion, ultimately lowering the proportion of the effective power generation area of ​​the entire photovoltaic module and hindering the improvement of the photovoltaic module's power generation efficiency. Second, since the battery string is embedded in the mounting slot of the frame, when the photovoltaic module undergoes thermal expansion and contraction due to changes in ambient temperature (such as day-night temperature differences, solar radiation, etc.) or is subjected to external forces (such as collisions during transportation), the frame will deform or transmit force, directly compressing the battery string. This can easily cause stress concentration on the battery cells. Since the battery cells themselves are relatively brittle and have weak tolerance to localized stress concentration, this stress concentration increases the risk of microcracks in the battery cells, thus affecting the service life and reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0039] This utility model aims to provide a photovoltaic module in which the frame assembly is located on the back side of the battery string (moving the frame assembly from the outside of the battery string to the back side of the battery string). This design has two advantages: first, it helps to reduce the outer dimensions of the photovoltaic module, thereby accommodating larger battery cells within the same external dimensions; second, it helps to reduce the ineffective power generation area from the edge of the battery string to the edge of the module, significantly increasing the proportion of effective power generation area, and thus improving the power output per unit volume.

[0040] Furthermore, the frame assembly features a cavity-like frame structure. This design not only avoids obstructing the light-receiving side of the cell string but also minimizes the area obstructing the back-light side, thereby increasing the effective power generation area and improving power output per unit volume. By abutting the support surface of the frame strip against the back-light side of the cell string, the cells are subjected to uniform stress during lamination and use, effectively reducing the risk of microcracks and improving the lifespan and reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0041] It should be noted that, because the frame component is a frame structure with cavities, some light can be absorbed by the back side of the battery string through the cavities and converted into energy. Therefore, the battery string of the photovoltaic module can achieve bifacial power generation and higher power generation efficiency.

[0042] In photovoltaic modules of related technologies, the frame is a square frame composed of four long strips with rectangular cross-sections, and at least a portion of the battery string is embedded inside the square frame.

[0043] The limitations of this design are as follows: First, rectangular cross-sections are not optimal in terms of material mechanical properties, and more material is often needed to ensure strength, which is not conducive to lightweighting. Second, during lamination, the right-angled steps inside the square frame can easily cause poor flow of the encapsulating film, resulting in air bubbles, which affects the encapsulation quality and the lifespan of the photovoltaic module. Third, when the photovoltaic module is heated or subjected to stress, the angular structure of the square frame can easily cause stress concentration on the cells, resulting in a higher risk of microcracks.

[0044] In the technical solution defined by this utility model, the frame strip of the frame assembly adopts a size-gradient structure (the size of the frame strip gradually decreases from the end near the edge of the battery string to the end away from the edge of the battery string in the first direction). The cross-sectional shape of the frame strip is not rectangular, but an asymmetrical irregular cross-section that is thicker on the outside and thinner on the inside. This design approach has several advantages. First, by combining the thicker outer area with the thinner inner area, it can reduce material usage, weight, and cost while ensuring the overall mechanical strength and impact resistance of the photovoltaic module, thus achieving lightweighting. Second, the size-gradient structure of the frame strip eliminates the right-angle steps in the square frame, effectively preventing poor flow of the encapsulating film during lamination, which is beneficial to improving encapsulation quality and the service life of the photovoltaic module. Third, the asymmetrical irregular cross-section of the frame strip can effectively avoid stress concentration on the battery cells caused by the angular structure of the square frame, which helps to reduce the risk of microcracks in the battery cells.

[0045] The following reference Figures 1 to 4 This invention describes a photovoltaic module provided according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic module 1 includes a cell string 10 and a frame assembly 12. The cell string 10 includes a light-receiving side 102 and a back-lighting side 104. The frame assembly 12 is located on the back-lighting side 104.

[0047] The frame assembly 12 includes multiple frame strips 122, which together form a frame structure 124 with a cavity 123. The frame strips 122 have a support surface 1223 on the side facing the battery string 10, and the support surface 1223 abuts against the backlight side 104.

[0048] The size of the frame strip 122 gradually decreases in the first direction a from one end near the edge of the battery string 10 to the other end away from the edge of the battery string 10.

[0049] The frame assembly 12 mainly serves to support and protect the battery string 10. The battery string 10 includes multiple connected battery cells 106.

[0050] The light-receiving side 102 of the battery string 10 refers to the side that directly receives light. The surface of the light-receiving side 102 of the battery string 10 is usually referred to as the front side; the surface of the back-light side 104 of the battery string 10 is usually referred to as the back side.

[0051] The frame component 12 is a frame structure 124 with a cavity 123. Some light can be absorbed by the backlight side 104 of the battery string 10 through the cavity 123 and converted into energy. Therefore, the battery string 10 of the photovoltaic module 1 can achieve bifacial power generation and higher power generation efficiency.

[0052] This utility model aims to provide a photovoltaic module 1, in which the frame assembly 12 is disposed on the backlight side 104 of the battery string 10 (the frame assembly 12 is moved from the outside of the battery string 10 to the backlight side 104 of the battery string 10). This design has two advantages: first, it helps to reduce the outer dimensions of the photovoltaic module 1, so as to accommodate a larger battery cell 106 within the same external dimensions; second, it helps to reduce the ineffective power generation area from the edge of the battery string 10 to the edge of the module, significantly increasing the proportion of effective power generation area, thereby improving the power output per unit volume.

[0053] Furthermore, the frame assembly 12 is a frame structure 124 with a cavity 123. The frame assembly 12 not only does not block the light-receiving side 102 of the battery string 10, but also minimizes the area of ​​blocking the backlight side 104 of the battery string 10, which is beneficial to increasing the effective power generation area and improving the power output per unit volume. By abutting the support surface 1223 of the frame strip 122 with the backlight side 104 of the battery string 10, the battery cells 106 of the battery string 10 can be subjected to uniform stress during lamination and use, effectively reducing the risk of microcracks in the battery cells 106, which is beneficial to improving the service life and reliability of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0054] The frame strip 122 of the frame assembly 12 adopts a size-gradient structure. The cross-sectional shape of the frame strip 122 is not rectangular, but an asymmetrical irregular cross-section that is thicker on the outside and thinner on the inside. This design has several advantages. First, by combining the thicker outer area with the thinner inner area, it can reduce material usage, weight, and cost while ensuring the overall mechanical strength and impact resistance of the photovoltaic module 1, thus achieving lightweighting. Second, the size-gradient structure of the frame strip 122 eliminates the right-angle steps in the square frame, effectively preventing poor flow of the encapsulating film during lamination, which is beneficial to improving encapsulation quality and the service life of the photovoltaic module 1. Third, the asymmetrical irregular cross-section of the frame strip 122 can effectively avoid stress concentration on the solar cell 106 caused by the angular structure of the square frame, which helps to reduce the risk of microcracks in the solar cell 106.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first direction a is optionally a direction perpendicular to the plane of the battery string 10.

[0056] The frame 122 gradually decreases in size in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the battery string 10 from one end near the edge of the battery string 10 to the other end away from the edge of the battery string 10.

[0057] In some embodiments, the dimension of the frame strip 122 in the first direction a is optionally the thickness dimension of the frame strip 122.

[0058] In some embodiments, the thicker outer region and the thinner inner region of the frame strip 122 may be transitioned by a smooth curve or slope to completely eliminate the right-angle steps of the square frame.

[0059] It should be emphasized that the advantages of the photovoltaic module 1 of this utility model are as follows:

[0060] Firstly, power generation efficiency is improved: placing the frame component 12 on the back of the battery string 10 reduces the ineffective power generation area from the edge of the battery string 10 to the edge of the component (the edge of the photovoltaic component 1) compared to placing the frame component 12 on the outside of the battery string 10, significantly increasing the effective power generation area ratio and improving the power output per unit volume.

[0061] Secondly, lightweight and high strength: The asymmetrical irregular cross-section design can optimize the material distribution by thinning the inner side while ensuring impact resistance, making it lighter and stronger than the traditional square frame.

[0062] Thirdly, high production yield: The frame strip 122 adopts a size gradient structure, and the smooth transition area completely eliminates right-angle steps, which makes the film flow smoothly during lamination, greatly reduces the probability of bubble formation, and improves the packaging quality and product yield.

[0063] Fourthly, low risk of microcracks: The flat support surface 1223 combined with the smooth design without steps ensures that the cell 106 is subjected to uniform stress during lamination and use, fundamentally reducing the risk of microcracks in the cell 106.

[0064] It should be noted that the dimension (width) of the frame strip 122 in the second direction b is large enough to ensure that the frame strip 122 has sufficient impact resistance.

[0065] In some embodiments, the frame strip 122 is optionally made of a polymer material (such as epoxy resin or polyurethane). Optionally, a reinforcing phase such as glass fiber or carbon fiber is added to the polymer material.

[0066] In some embodiments, the frame strip 122 is optionally manufactured by an extrusion process, and its cross-sectional shape is not rectangular, but rather an asymmetrical irregular cross-section that is thick on the outside and thin on the inside.

[0067] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module 1 also includes a fifth encapsulant layer 155. The fifth encapsulant layer 155 is disposed between the battery string 10 and the frame strip 122 of the frame assembly 12 to realize the connection between the battery string 10 and the frame strip 122.

[0068] The fifth encapsulant layer 155 acts as a flexible buffer layer, absorbing the stress from mechanical vibration and thermal expansion, reducing the risk of microcracks in the solar cells 106, and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module 1. Simultaneously, the fifth encapsulant layer 155 covers the edges of the solar cell string 10, preventing moisture from entering the photovoltaic module 1 from the sides, further improving its service life. Furthermore, the fifth encapsulant layer 155 blocks leakage paths between the solar cell string 10 and the frame strip 122, ensuring high reliability of the insulation.

[0069] In some embodiments, the fifth adhesive film layer 155 may optionally be made of POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) or EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer).

[0070] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the frame strip 122 includes a first part 1221 and a second part 1222 connected together. The second part 1222 gradually decreases in size in the first direction a from one end near the first part 1221 to the end away from the first part 1221.

[0071] Optionally, the first direction a is a direction perpendicular to the plane of the battery string 10.

[0072] The second part 1222 gradually decreases in size in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the battery string 10, from the end closer to the first part 1221 to the end farther away from the first part 1221.

[0073] It should be noted that the first part 1221 is the thicker outer part, which is the thicker outer area of ​​the frame strip 122. The second part 1222 is the thinner inner part, which is the thinner inner area of ​​the frame strip 122.

[0074] By cooperating with the first part 1221 and the second part 1222, it is possible to reduce the use of materials, reduce weight and cost, and achieve lightweighting while ensuring the overall mechanical strength and impact resistance of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0075] Optionally, the thickness of the first part 1221 is greater than the thickness of the second part 1222.

[0076] It should be noted that the dimension of the frame strip 122 in the first direction 'a' determines the magnitude of its moment of inertia. The moment of inertia is used to represent the resistance to bending. Generally, the larger the moment of inertia, the higher the resistance to bending.

[0077] The outer thick portion mainly bears the bending force on the photovoltaic module 1 in the first direction a. The moment of inertia (overall bending resistance) of the frame strip 122 is proportional to the cube of the profile thickness. Therefore, the frame strip 122 adopts a design that is thick on the outer side and thin on the inner side, which can improve the moment of inertia in the first direction a compared with the design of a profile with uniform thickness.

[0078] The inner thin section (second part 1222) is mainly used to increase the width of the frame strip (frame strip 122) to resist the impact force along the second direction b when the photovoltaic module 1 is dropped. Through the cooperation of the first part 1221 and the second part 1222, the size (width) of the frame strip 122 in the second direction b is large enough to ensure that the frame strip 122 has sufficient impact resistance.

[0079] Optionally, the second direction b is a direction parallel to the plane of the battery string 10.

[0080] Although reducing the thickness of the inner thin section will decrease its bending resistance, the overall moment of inertia of the frame strip 122 is increased.

[0081] For example: if the thickness of the first part 1221 is 3mm and the thickness of the second part 1222 is 1mm, then the moment of inertia of the section is 3. 3 +1 3 =28 (ignoring the unit of moment of inertia of the cross section).

[0082] If the thickness of the first part 1221 and the thickness of the second part 1222 are both 2mm, then the moment of inertia of the cross section is 2. 3 +2 3 =16 (ignoring the unit of moment of inertia of the cross section).

[0083] It is evident that the frame strip 122 adopts a design that is thick on the outside and thin on the inside, which can significantly improve the overall cross-sectional moment of inertia without increasing the amount of material used.

[0084] In some embodiments, optionally, at least a portion of the support surface 1223 is disposed on the side of the second part 1222 facing the battery string 10.

[0085] The support surface 1223 may be provided only in the second part 1222, or it may be provided in both the second part 1222 and the first part 1221.

[0086] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the second part 1222 is formed by extending the first part 1221 along the second direction b. The second direction b is perpendicular to the first direction a.

[0087] Optionally, the first direction a is a direction perpendicular to the plane of the battery string 10. The second direction b is a direction parallel to the plane of the battery string 10.

[0088] The first part 1221 and the second part 1222 are an integral structure. Compared with post-processing methods (such as bonding), it has better mechanical properties and higher connection strength, which helps to reduce the number of parts and improve assembly efficiency. By increasing the extension dimension of the second part 1222 (the dimension of the second part 1222 in the second direction b), the strength of the photovoltaic module 1 in the second direction b can be greatly improved, effectively resisting the impact force along the second direction b when the photovoltaic module 1 is dropped.

[0089] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the second part 1222 has a gentle transition slope 1224 on the side opposite to the battery string 10. The gentle transition slope 1224 is used to connect with the surface of the first part 1221 on the side opposite to the battery string 10.

[0090] The gentle transition slope 1224 can be understood as a size-gradient slope, so that the size of the second part 1222 gradually decreases in the first direction a from the end closer to the first part 1221 to the end farther away from the first part 1221.

[0091] Because of the thickness difference between the thick outer part and the thin inner part, the thickness difference will cause a step structure to be formed between the thick outer part and the thin inner part. This step structure will cause uneven pressure and poor flow of film and gas during lamination.

[0092] In the technical solution of this utility model, by setting a gentle transition slope 1224, the stepped structure can be eliminated, thereby reducing the risk of air bubbles. The frame strip 122 adopts a size gradient structure, eliminating the right-angle steps in the square frame, which can effectively avoid the poor flow of the encapsulating film during lamination, and is conducive to improving the encapsulation quality and the service life of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0093] The thicker outer portion and the thinner inner portion are connected by a smooth transition region (gentle transition slope 1224). The advantages of this design are:

[0094] Firstly, it eliminates air traps: Traditional right-angled steps create an inherent, enclosed air cavity beneath the step that is difficult to remove by a laminated vacuum system, known as an "air trap." The smooth transition region completely eliminates this geometrically shaped air trap, physically preventing the space where gas is trapped.

[0095] Secondly, the rheological behavior of the encapsulating film is improved: During the lamination heating process, the encapsulating film melts into a viscoelastic body and flows. Right-angled steps create an abrupt vertical obstacle to the flow of the film, causing discontinuous flow and making it prone to flow separation and air entrapment at the steps. The smooth transition area of ​​this invention provides a continuous and gradual guiding path for the flow of the molten film, allowing the film to smoothly fill all gaps between the frame strip 122 and the battery cell 106, achieving uniform encapsulation and sealing, and avoiding air bubble defects caused by poor flow.

[0096] Thirdly, it facilitates venting: During the lamination vacuum stage, gas needs to be vented along the interface between the adhesive film and the material. The smooth transition region forms an unobstructed venting channel, allowing gas to be continuously and completely extracted.

[0097] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, at least a portion of the support surface 1223 is also provided on the side of the first part 1221 facing the battery string 10.

[0098] It should be noted that the support surface 1223 is used to support the battery string 10.

[0099] The support surface 1223 is provided in both the second part 1222 and the first part 1221. Compared with the design method that is only provided in the second part 1222, it can make the cell 106 of the cell string 10 be subjected to uniform stress during lamination and use, which is conducive to further reducing the risk of cell cracking caused by uneven pressure during lamination and improving the service life and reliability of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0100] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic module 1 also includes a busbar 131. The busbar 131 is located on the side of the frame 122 away from the battery string 10, and is used to connect the battery string 10 to collect the current generated by the battery string 10.

[0101] Optionally, the battery string 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 106 connected in series. Optionally, adjacent battery cells 106 are connected in series by solder strips 108.

[0102] Optionally, there can be multiple battery strings 10. By setting the bus bar 131, the current generated by multiple battery strings 10 can be aggregated to form a current path.

[0103] By placing the busbar 131 on the side of the frame 122 away from the battery string 10, firstly, it optimizes the spatial layout, as the busbar 131 does not obstruct the light-receiving side 102 of the battery string 10, thus maximizing the effective power generation area of ​​the battery string 10; secondly, the busbar 131 and the battery string 10 are located on opposite sides of the frame 122, respectively, and are physically independent of each other, effectively avoiding mutual interference between the busbar 131 and the battery string 10, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the structure; thirdly, the busbar 131 generates a certain amount of heat during operation due to the current passing through it. Placing the busbar 131 on the side of the frame 122 away from the battery string 10 facilitates rapid heat dissipation, preventing the heat generated by the busbar 131 from being directly transferred to the battery string 10, which is beneficial to ensuring the power generation stability of the photovoltaic module 1 during long-term use.

[0104] In some embodiments, the frame strip 122 is optionally provided with a receiving groove 1225. At least a portion of the busbar 131 is disposed within the receiving groove 1225.

[0105] It should be noted that the receiving slot 1225 can be understood as a wiring slot, which is used to optimize the routing and path of the busbar 131.

[0106] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the frame strip 122 has a receiving groove 1225 on the side opposite to the battery string 10. That is, the receiving groove 1225 is located on the back of the frame strip 122.

[0107] At least a portion of the busbar 131 is disposed within the receiving groove 1225.

[0108] Busbar 131 is integrated into the receiving slot 1225 of frame bar 122, reducing the space occupied outside the frame assembly 12. This compact wiring saves space and reduces the wiring complexity of photovoltaic module 1. Therefore, this design helps to optimize circuit connections and simplify wiring methods and production processes.

[0109] In some embodiments, optionally, a receiving groove 1225 is provided on the side of the frame strip 122 for receiving and fixing the busbar 131.

[0110] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the frame 122 has a positioning mark 1226 on the side facing the battery string 10.

[0111] The positioning marker 1226 is used to assist in setting the spacing of the reinforcing layer or other layer structures during installation, avoiding problems such as layer structure misalignment and uneven thickness caused by visual errors during manual installation. By setting the positioning marker 1226, workers can quickly complete the installation and fixing of the layer structure without additional measurement, significantly reducing the time cost of the calibration process and improving production and assembly efficiency.

[0112] In one specific embodiment, the positioning mark 1226 is a raised thin line.

[0113] In one specific embodiment, the positioning mark 1226 is a laser-engraved mark.

[0114] In one specific embodiment, the positioning mark 1226 is a groove.

[0115] In the technical solution of this utility model, by providing a receiving groove 1225 and a positioning mark part 1226 on the frame strip 122 of the frame component 12, the frame component 12 integrates auxiliary positioning and wiring functions, which is beneficial to improving production efficiency and aesthetics.

[0116] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module 1 further includes a first weather-resistant layer 141, a first reinforcing layer 142, a second weather-resistant layer 143, and a second reinforcing layer 144. The first weather-resistant layer 141 is disposed on the light-receiving side 102. The first reinforcing layer 142 is disposed between the first weather-resistant layer 141 and the cell string 10. The second weather-resistant layer 143 is disposed on the side of the frame assembly 12 facing away from the cell string 10. The second reinforcing layer 144 is disposed between the second weather-resistant layer 143 and the frame assembly 12.

[0117] Optionally, the first weather-resistant layer 141 is made of highly flexible and highly transparent weather-resistant materials such as PVF (Polyvinyl Fluoride), PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride), or ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene).

[0118] Optionally, the second weather-resistant layer 143 is made of highly flexible and highly transparent weather-resistant materials such as PVF (Polyvinyl Fluoride), PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride), or ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene).

[0119] Optionally, the first reinforcing layer 142 is a high-transparency PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) or a fiberglass prepreg.

[0120] Optionally, the second reinforcing layer 144 is made of high-transparency PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) or fiberglass prepreg.

[0121] By setting a weather-resistant layer and a reinforcing layer, the weather resistance and structural strength of photovoltaic module 1 can be improved, thereby increasing the service life of photovoltaic module 1.

[0122] In some embodiments, the battery string 10 may optionally include a plurality of battery cells 106 connected in series. The battery cells 106 are battery cells 106 capable of generating electricity from both sides, such as PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell), TopCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact), HJT (Heterojunction Technology), etc.

[0123] It should be noted that, since the frame component 12 is a frame structure 124 with a cavity 123, some light can be absorbed by the backlight side 104 of the battery string 10 through the cavity 123 and converted into energy. Therefore, the battery string 10 of the photovoltaic module 1 can achieve bifacial power generation and higher power generation efficiency.

[0124] In some embodiments, the battery string 10 may be directly fixed to the support surface 1223 of the frame strip 122 by a lamination process.

[0125] In some embodiments, the battery string 10 and the busbar 131 are optionally connected by a solder strip 108. The solder strip 108 can wrap around the outer edge of the frame bar 122 to connect the battery string 10 and the busbar 131 located on both sides of the frame bar 122. With this design, the busbar 131 does not need to be located on the outside of the battery string 10, which helps to reduce the outer dimensions of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0126] In some embodiments, the frame component 12 may optionally be a fiberglass frame.

[0127] In some embodiments, the frame strip 122 of the frame assembly 12 is optionally manufactured using an extrusion process. During extrusion, long glass fibers can be incorporated into the epoxy material for structural reinforcement, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the frame strip 122 without significantly increasing its weight. Frame strips 122 with different cross-sectional shapes can be quickly produced by changing the mold, offering excellent adaptability.

[0128] In some embodiments, optionally, there are multiple battery strings 10, which are electrically connected to each other via flexible wiring 132. Multiple frame bars 122 form multiple frame structures 124 to carry multiple battery strings 10.

[0129] Multiple frame structures 124 and multiple battery strings 10 are encapsulated together between two weather-resistant layers.

[0130] Photovoltaic module 1 has a folding function to improve portability.

[0131] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module 1 also includes a first encapsulant layer 151. The first encapsulant layer 151 is disposed between the first weather-resistant layer 141 and the first reinforcing layer 142. The first encapsulant layer 151 is used to bond the first weather-resistant layer 141 and the first reinforcing layer 142.

[0132] The first encapsulant layer 151 acts as a flexible buffer layer, absorbing the stress from mechanical vibration and thermal expansion, reducing the risk of microcracks in the solar cell 106, and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module 1. Simultaneously, the first encapsulant layer 151 covers the edges of the first weather-resistant layer 141 and the first reinforcing layer 142, preventing moisture from entering the photovoltaic module 1 from the sides, further improving its service life. Furthermore, the first encapsulant layer 151 serves to block leakage paths between layer structures, ensuring high reliability of insulation.

[0133] In some embodiments, the first adhesive film layer 151 may be made of POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) or EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer).

[0134] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 1 may optionally include a second adhesive film layer 152. The second adhesive film layer 152 is disposed between the first reinforcing layer 142 and the battery string 10. The second adhesive film layer 152 is used to bond the first reinforcing layer 142 and the battery string 10.

[0135] The second encapsulant layer 152 acts as a flexible buffer layer, absorbing the stress from mechanical vibration and thermal expansion, reducing the risk of microcracks in the solar cell 106, and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module 1. Simultaneously, the second encapsulant layer 152 covers the edges of the first reinforcing layer 142 and the cell string 10, preventing moisture from entering the photovoltaic module 1 from the sides, further improving its service life. Furthermore, the second encapsulant layer 152 blocks leakage paths between layer structures, ensuring high reliability of insulation.

[0136] In some embodiments, the material of the second adhesive film layer 152 is optionally POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) or EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer).

[0137] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 1 may optionally include a third encapsulant layer 153. The third encapsulant layer 153 is disposed between the second weather-resistant layer 143 and the second reinforcing layer 144. The third encapsulant layer 153 is used to bond the second weather-resistant layer 143 and the second reinforcing layer 144.

[0138] The third encapsulant layer 153 acts as a flexible buffer layer, absorbing the stress from mechanical vibration and thermal expansion, reducing the risk of microcracks in the solar cell 106, and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module 1. Simultaneously, the third encapsulant layer 153 covers the edges of the second weather-resistant layer 143 and the second reinforcing layer 144, preventing moisture from entering the photovoltaic module 1 from the sides, further improving its service life. Furthermore, the third encapsulant layer 153 serves to block leakage paths between layer structures, ensuring high reliability of insulation.

[0139] In some embodiments, the material of the third adhesive film layer 153 is optionally POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) or EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer).

[0140] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 1 may optionally include a fourth encapsulant layer 154. The fourth encapsulant layer 154 is disposed between the second reinforcing layer 144 and the frame assembly 12. The fourth encapsulant layer 154 is used to bond the second reinforcing layer 144 and the frame strip 122 of the frame assembly 12.

[0141] The fourth encapsulant layer 154 acts as a flexible buffer layer, absorbing the stress from mechanical vibration and thermal expansion, reducing the risk of microcracks in the solar cell 106, and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module 1. Simultaneously, the fourth encapsulant layer 154 covers the edges of the second reinforcing layer 144 and the frame strip 122, preventing moisture from entering the photovoltaic module 1 from the sides, further improving its service life. Furthermore, the fourth encapsulant layer 154 serves to block leakage paths between layer structures, ensuring high reliability of insulation.

[0142] In some embodiments, the fourth adhesive film layer 154 may be made of POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) or EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer).

[0143] In this utility model, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "join," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "join" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0144] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0145] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0146] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Battery string, including opposing light-receiving and backlighting sides; A frame assembly is disposed on the backlight side; The frame component includes multiple frame strips, and the multiple frame strips form a frame structure with cavities; The frame bar has a support surface on the side facing the battery string, and the support surface abuts against the backlight side; The size of the frame gradually decreases in a first direction from one end near the edge of the battery string to the end away from the edge of the battery string.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame includes a first part and a second part that are connected. The second part gradually decreases in size in the first direction from the end closest to the first part to the end furthest from the first part; At least a portion of the support surface is located on the side of the second part facing the battery string.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second part is formed by extending the first part along the second direction; The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second part has a gentle transition slope on the side opposite to the battery string, which is used to connect with the surface of the first part on the side opposite to the battery string.

5. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, At least a portion of the support surface is also located on the side of the first part facing the battery string.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A busbar is located on the side of the frame away from the battery string. The busbar is used to connect the battery string to collect the current generated by the battery string.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The frame bar has a receiving groove on the side opposite to the battery string; At least a portion of the busbar is disposed within the receiving groove.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The frame bar has a positioning mark on the side facing the battery string.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A first weather-resistant layer is provided on the light-receiving side; A first reinforcing layer is disposed between the first weather-resistant layer and the battery string; A second weather-resistant layer is provided on the side of the frame assembly facing away from the battery string; The second reinforcing layer is disposed between the second weather-resistant layer and the frame assembly.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: The first adhesive film layer is disposed between the first weather-resistant layer and the first reinforcing layer; and / or The second adhesive film layer is disposed between the first reinforcing layer and the battery string; and / or A third adhesive film layer is disposed between the second weather-resistant layer and the second reinforcing layer; and / or The fourth adhesive film layer is disposed between the second reinforcing layer and the frame assembly.

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