A device for water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation and fertilization of soybean and corn strip intercropping

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for soybean and corn zonal composite planting water and fertilizer integration drip irrigation fertilization, including the fertilizer tank, the bottom of fertilizer tank is connected with the pipeline, one end of pipeline is connected with water pump, the other end of pipeline is connected with filter system, one end of water pump is connected with the water storage pond, one side of filter system is connected with the pipeline B, one end of pipeline B is connected with main control unit, one side of main control unit is installed with corn main pipe, the other side of main control unit is installed with soybean main pipe, be installed with corn fertilizer machine on corn main pipe, be installed with soybean fertilizer machine on soybean main pipe. The utility model can realize water and fertilizer subzone independent control: for corn band and soybean band, provide different formula, different amount of water and fertilizer solution respectively, satisfy the key demand of its respective growth and development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural irrigation and fertilization technology, specifically to a special integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation and fertilization device suitable for soybean-corn strip intercropping. Background Technology

[0002] Soybean-corn strip intercropping is a highly efficient modern agricultural model that achieves symbiosis between corn and soybeans in the same field through scientific field configuration, aiming to ensure food security while increasing oilseed supply. However, the two crops in this model have significant differences in physiological characteristics and nutrient requirements: corn is a high-nitrogen-demanding crop, while soybeans, as a legume, have their own nitrogen-fixing ability and require relatively less nitrogen fertilizer, but are more sensitive to phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0003] Traditional irrigation and fertilization methods have revealed many insurmountable defects under this model, which seriously restricts the realization of its yield potential and economic benefits.

[0004] Currently, water and fertilizer management for soybean-corn strip intercropping mainly relies on the following two traditional methods: Traditional flood irrigation and uniform application / furrow application Extremely low water and fertilizer utilization rate: Flood irrigation leads to deep water seepage and ineffective evaporation, and fertilizer is lost or volatilized with the water, resulting in serious waste of resources and environmental pollution.

[0005] The inability to achieve precise supply to different crop zones: Applying fertilizer uniformly to the field fails to differentiate the needs of the corn and soybean belts. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application to the soybean belt is not only ineffective but also inhibits nitrogen fixation by rhizobia, leading to excessive vegetative growth, increased risk of lodging, and fertilizer waste. Meanwhile, for the corn belt, a uniform fertilization amount may not meet its nitrogen requirements for high yields, ultimately resulting in a situation where "corn is underfed and soybeans are underfed," making it difficult to achieve the core goal of increasing both corn and soybean yields.

[0006] Single-pipe drip irrigation system While some existing drip irrigation systems apply this approach, their designs are often rather crude. The most common problem is that they only lay a single, unified main irrigation pipe, or although they have separate pipes, they fail to achieve independent control.

[0007] This method still cannot provide differentiated and precise water and fertilizer supply based on the real-time water and fertilizer requirements of the two crops. It solves the problem of irrigation uniformity, but not the problem of fertilizer precision. In essence, it is still a "one-size-fits-all" management approach, which cannot fully leverage the yield advantages of intercropping.

[0008] In summary, current corn-soybean strip intercropping models often employ the same fertilization and irrigation methods for both corn and soybeans to simplify operations. This leads to insufficient fertilizer and stunted growth in corn, while excessive fertilizer causes excessive vegetative growth and lodging in soybeans, severely impacting the yields of both crops. Traditional fertilization methods, due to improper application techniques, easily result in nutrient loss and low utilization rates. This extensive fertilization approach not only fails to increase crop yields but also contributes to agricultural non-point source pollution. Integrated water and fertilizer management (IWF) is a technology that has been vigorously promoted in recent years to improve fertilizer efficiency and reduce non-point source pollution. It offers significant advantages in water conservation, improved fertilizer utilization, reduced pesticide use, increased crop yield and quality, reduced irrigation and fertilization time, and improved soil environment. Previous research on IWF drip irrigation for corn and soybeans has focused on monoculture, with limited research on its application in corn-soybean strip intercropping models. Further clarification is needed on how to achieve coordinated water and fertilizer management between corn and soybeans, including simultaneous management and separate regulation. Utility Model Content

[0009] In summary, existing technologies cannot meet the core requirements of water and fertilizer management in soybean-corn strip intercropping: that is, to provide independent, precise, and on-demand water and fertilizer for two crops with different fertilizer requirements within the same plot at the same time. Therefore, this paper proposes a device for integrated drip irrigation and fertilization in soybean-corn strip intercropping, which can achieve independent control of water and fertilizer for each strip: providing different formulations and amounts of water and fertilizer solutions for the corn strip and soybean strip respectively to meet their respective key growth and development needs.

[0010] Achieving efficient and coordinated use of water and fertilizer: Through the drip irrigation system, water and nutrients are delivered directly and evenly to the crop root zone, greatly improving the water and fertilizer utilization rate.

[0011] Solving key agronomic challenges: By providing soybeans with suitable low-nitrogen or nitrogen-free nutrition, this effectively prevents soybeans from growing too vigorously and lodging due to excessive nitrogen, while ensuring that corn receives a sufficient supply of nitrogen. This truly overcomes the problem of unreasonable fertilization in this model and provides key equipment support for achieving high yields of corn and soybeans in synergy.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: This utility model discloses a device for integrated drip irrigation and fertilization of soybean-corn strip intercropping, comprising a fertilizer tank, a pipe connected to the bottom of the fertilizer tank, a water pump connected to one end of the pipe, a filtration system connected to the other end of the pipe, a water storage tank connected to one end of the water pump, a pipe B connected to one side of the filtration system, a main controller connected to one end of the pipe B, a corn main pipe installed on one side of the main controller, a soybean main pipe installed on the other side of the main controller, a corn fertilizer applicator installed on the corn main pipe, and a soybean fertilizer applicator installed on the soybean main pipe.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a sand discharge valve is installed at the bottom of the filtration system.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a pressure gauge, a control valve, and a water meter are respectively installed on the pipeline B.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a corn branch pipe is connected to one side of the main corn pipe, and corn drip irrigation tape is evenly distributed and connected to the corn branch pipe.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a soybean branch pipe is connected to one side of the soybean main pipe, and soybean drip irrigation tape is evenly distributed and connected to the soybean branch pipe.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model discloses an integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation and fertilization device for corn-soybean strip intercropping. It adopts a strip intercropping pattern of corn and soybeans being sown and harvested at the same time, and then uses a drip irrigation system to supply water and nutrients simultaneously according to the water and nutrient requirements of corn and soybeans at different stages of growth and development in the corn-soybean strip intercropping pattern. This allows for timely and accurate satisfaction of the water and nutrient requirements of corn and soybeans at different stages, achieving coordinated water and fertilizer management and efficient utilization.

[0018] By separately managing water and fertilizer for corn and soybeans, the water and nutrient requirements of corn and soybeans at different stages were met, achieving coordinated management and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer. This also prevented soybeans from lodging due to excessive growth, resulting in increased yields for both corn and soybeans. It solved the problem of unreasonable fertilization of corn and soybeans in the corn-soybean strip intercropping model, which is of great significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; In the diagram: 1. Water storage tank; 2. Water pump; 3. Fertilizer tank; 4. Pressure gauge; 5. Control valve; 6. Water meter; 7. Main controller; 8. Soybean fertilizer applicator; 9. Corn fertilizer applicator; 10. Corn main pipe; 11. Soybean main pipe; 12. Soybean branch pipe; 13. Corn branch pipe; 14. Soybean drip irrigation tape; 15. Corn drip irrigation tape; 16. Filtration system; 17. Sand discharge valve. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention. All identical reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same components.

[0021] Furthermore, detailed descriptions of known technologies are omitted if they are unnecessary to illustrate the features of this utility model. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, while the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0022] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "setup" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a device for integrated drip irrigation and fertilization of soybean and corn strip intercropping, including a fertilizer tank 3. The bottom of the fertilizer tank 3 is connected to a pipe, one end of which is connected to a water pump 2, and the other end of which is connected to a filtration system 16. One end of the water pump 2 is connected to a water storage tank 1. One side of the filtration system 16 is connected to a pipe B, and one end of the pipe B is connected to a main controller 7. A corn main pipe 10 is installed on one side of the main controller 7, and a soybean main pipe 11 is installed on the other side of the main controller 7. A corn fertilizer applicator 9 is installed on the corn main pipe 10, and a soybean fertilizer applicator 8 is installed on the soybean main pipe 11.

[0024] Water storage tank 1: The source of water for the system, such as wells, rivers, ponds, reservoirs, etc.

[0025] Pump 2: Provides water pressure to pump water from the water source to the pipeline system.

[0026] Pressure gauge 4, control valve 5, and water meter 6 are installed on pipe B.

[0027] Filtration system 16: Primary filtration removes large particles of impurities such as sand and silt from the water.

[0028] A sand discharge valve 17 is installed at the bottom of the filtration system 16.

[0029] Fertilizer tank 3: Stores liquid fertilizer mother liquor.

[0030] Main controller (water and fertilizer integrated machine) 7: The system brain, which can programmably control irrigation time, fertilizer ratio and zone operation.

[0031] Cornfield Fertilizer Applicator 9: Specially designed to inject fertilizers with specific formulations into cornfields.

[0032] The solenoid valve in the cornfield receives instructions from the main controller to control the water flow switch leading to the cornfield pipeline network.

[0033] Soybean Fertilizer Applicator 8: Specially designed to inject fertilizer with a specific formula into soybean fields.

[0034] The solenoid valve in the soybean section receives instructions from the main controller to control the water flow switch leading to the soybean section pipeline network.

[0035] A corn branch pipe 13 is connected to one side of the corn main pipe 10, and corn drip irrigation tapes 15 are evenly distributed and connected to the corn branch pipe 13.

[0036] A soybean branch pipe 12 is connected to one side of the soybean main pipe 11, and soybean drip irrigation tape 14 is evenly distributed and connected to the soybean branch pipe 12.

[0037] The main pipelines transport water and fertilizer from the head system to various areas of the field.

[0038] The branch pipes draw water from the main pipe and distribute the water and fertilizer to each drip irrigation tape.

[0039] Drip irrigation tapes are thin-walled flexible tubes with drippers that evenly drip water and fertilizer into the crop root zone, achieving precise irrigation.

[0040] Corn plant (L) Corn is a crop that typically requires a large amount of nitrogen.

[0041] Soybean plant (S) Soybean is a crop with its own nitrogen-fixing ability. It requires less nitrogen but more phosphorus and potassium.

[0042] Specifically, this includes intercropping a strip of soybeans between every two strips of corn, with one corn strip plus one soybean strip forming a production unit. The number of drip irrigation tapes used in each production unit is determined based on the number of crop rows. One drip irrigation tape is used for every two rows of crops, and the drip irrigation tape is laid 15-20cm inside the crop.

[0043] Based on the individual nutrient and water requirements of soybeans and corn in strip intercropping, appropriate fertilizer solutions are prepared and mixed with irrigation water, and then supplied to corn and soybeans separately through a controllable pipeline system. This forms a drip irrigation system, ensuring uniform, timely, and quantitative penetration into the crop roots to promote root growth and development. This system meets the water and nutrient needs of corn and soybeans at different growth stages in soybean-corn strip intercropping, achieving coordinated water and fertilizer management and efficient utilization.

[0044] System working principle and process: 1. Water source and power: The water pump draws water from the water source (reservoir, well, river, etc.) to provide power and water for the entire system.

[0045] 2. Filtration and fertilization: • The water first passes through a centrifugal filter to remove large particles such as sand and gravel, preventing blockage of subsequent pipes and drippers.

[0046] • The fertilizer tank is connected to the main pipeline. The concentrated fertilizer solution is injected into the pipeline in a set ratio through a venturi fertilizer suction device or fertilizer pump, and mixed with water to form fertilizer solution.

[0047] 3. Intelligent Control Center: • Main controller (integrated water and fertilizer machine): This is the brain of the system. Users can preset programs on the controller to control when to irrigate, for how long, what type of fertilizer to apply, and how much fertilizer to apply.

[0048] • Key function: The controller can independently control the on / off switching of the solenoid valves in the corn zone and the soybean zone.

[0049] • Fertilizer applicators for corn and soybean areas: These can be independent fertilizer pumps or channels switched by the main controller. They allow the system to inject completely different types and concentrations of fertilizer for corn and soybeans.

[0050] 4. Zonal distribution network: • Main pipe: Transports water and fertilizer to the planting area.

[0051] • Branch pipes: Distribute water and fertilizer in the field.

[0052] • Drip irrigation tape: laid between crop rows, with drippers on it to evenly and slowly drip water and fertilizer into the soil around the crop roots.

[0053] • Core Design: The system consists of two independent (or independently controllable) systems: one for the cornfield and one for the soybeanfield. Each system is controlled by its own solenoid valve and does not interfere with the others.

[0054] 5. Field planting model: • As shown in the figure, the corn belt and soybean belt are arranged alternately.

[0055] • Lay corn drip irrigation tape under the corn strip and soybean drip irrigation tape under the soybean strip.

[0056] • When fertilization of corn is required (such as high-nitrogen fertilizer), the main controller opens the solenoid valve of the corn zone and starts the corn zone fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer solution flows only to the corn strip.

[0057] • When it is necessary to fertilize soybeans (such as with low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus, and high-potassium fertilizer), the main controller switches to the soybean zone system.

[0058] Summary of technical advantages • Precision water and fertilizer delivery: Directly delivers water and fertilizer to the roots of crops, reducing evaporation and loss, resulting in extremely high utilization rates.

[0059] • Separate management: perfectly resolves the contradiction between the different water and fertilizer requirements of corn and soybeans, realizes "distribution on demand", avoids excessive growth of soybeans due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer, and ensures high yield of both.

[0060] • Water and fertilizer saving: Compared with traditional flood irrigation and fertilizer application, it can save 30%-50% of water and 20%-40% of fertilizer.

[0061] • Labor-saving and efficient: Automated control greatly reduces the labor intensity and time cost of field irrigation and fertilization.

[0062] • Increased yield and efficiency: Creating the best water and fertilizer environment for crops is a key technology to ensure the success and profitability of the corn-soybean strip intercropping model.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for integrated drip irrigation and fertilization of soybean and corn in strip intercropping, comprising a fertilizer tank (3), wherein the bottom of the fertilizer tank (3) is connected to a pipe, one end of the pipe is connected to a water pump (2), the other end of the pipe is connected to a filtration system (16), and one end of the water pump (2) is connected to a water storage tank (1), characterized in that, The filtration system (16) is connected to a pipe B on one side, and a main controller (7) is connected to one end of the pipe B. A corn main pipe (10) is installed on one side of the main controller (7), and a soybean main pipe (11) is installed on the other side of the main controller (7). A corn fertilizer applicator (9) is installed on the corn main pipe (10), and a soybean fertilizer applicator (8) is installed on the soybean main pipe (11).

2. The device for integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation and fertilization in soybean-corn strip intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sand discharge valve (17) is installed at the bottom of the filtration system (16).

3. The device for integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation and fertilization in soybean-corn strip intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure gauge (4), a control valve (5), and a water meter (6) are respectively installed on the pipeline B.

4. The device for integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation and fertilization in soybean-corn strip intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, One side of the corn main pipe (10) is connected to a corn branch pipe (13), and corn drip irrigation tape (15) is evenly distributed on the corn branch pipe (13).

5. The device for integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation and fertilization in soybean-corn strip intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, One side of the soybean main pipe (11) is connected to a soybean branch pipe (12), and soybean drip irrigation tape (14) is evenly distributed on the soybean branch pipe (12).

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