A small-scale rectifying column head

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of pilot rectifying column tower head, belong to chemical separation technical field, including tower head sleeve, the top of tower head sleeve is equipped with tower head top hat, tower head sleeve inside is equipped with condensing component and separation component, condensing component is installed at the top of separation component, condensing component includes condensing coil, separation component includes gas-liquid separator, the top of gas-liquid separator is fixedly connected with the inner wall of tower head sleeve, a plurality of through holes are set up on the lateral wall of gas-liquid separator, the bottom of gas-liquid separator is communicated with central catheter, the end of central catheter far from gas-liquid separator is communicated with flow guide pipe, the end of flow guide pipe far from central catheter is communicated with shunt, the bottom of shunt is communicated with reflux catheter, the lateral wall of shunt is communicated with distillate catheter.This tower head reflux control is accurate, can handle high-boiling-point material rectifying separation, simple structure, easy to manufacture and assemble, convenient transportation and assembly, compact structure, good sealing, wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical separation technology, specifically to a small-scale distillation column head. Background Technology

[0002] Distillation is a widely used separation technique, primarily used for the separation and purification of components in liquid mixtures. In laboratory research and teaching experiments, small-scale distillation columns are widely used due to their advantages of flexible operation, short experimental cycles, and low material consumption. The column head, acting as a bridge between the column body and the condensation system, directly affects distillation efficiency, operational stability, and experimental repeatability.

[0003] Currently, glass is commonly used as the column head for small-scale distillation in laboratories, offering advantages such as corrosion resistance and visibility. However, traditional column heads have the following limitations: 1. Low precision in reflux control: Traditional column heads use simple three-way valves or manual valves to control the reflux and distillation ratios, which makes it difficult to achieve precise reflux ratio adjustment and affects the accuracy of experimental results.

[0004] 2. Complex structure and difficult manufacturing: Some tower head structures have complex designs, which increases the difficulty of processing, especially in the processing of glass materials, which can easily lead to problems such as poor sealing and weak connection.

[0005] 3. Inconvenient installation and disassembly: The unreasonable structural design makes the equipment easy to be damaged during installation and disassembly, affecting repeated use.

[0006] 4. High cost: The complex structural design increases material and processing costs, limiting its widespread use in teaching and general scientific research.

[0007] 5. High transportation risk: Due to its complex structure and high packaging requirements, it is prone to damage during transportation.

[0008] 6. High temperature causes magnet demagnetization: When processing high-boiling-point materials, the high temperature of the steam at the top of the tower causes the magnet controlling the reflux ratio to demagnetize, thus affecting liquid reflux and extraction.

[0009] Therefore, we proposed a small-scale distillation column head. Utility Model Content

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pilot-scale distillation column head to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This utility model provides a small-scale distillation column head, including a column head sleeve, a column head cap at the top of the column head sleeve, and a condensation component and a separation component inside the column head sleeve, with the condensation component installed at the top of the separation component; The condensation assembly includes a condensation coil, one end of which is a condensate inlet and the other end of which is a condensate outlet. The condensate inlet extends outward through the top cap of the tower, and the condensate outlet extends outward through the top cap of the tower. The separation assembly includes a gas-liquid separator. The top of the gas-liquid separator is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower head sleeve. Several through holes are opened on the side wall of the gas-liquid separator. A central conduit is connected to the bottom of the gas-liquid separator. A guide pipe is connected to the end of the central conduit away from the gas-liquid separator. A distributor is connected to the end of the guide pipe away from the central conduit. A reflux conduit is connected to the bottom of the distributor. A distillate conduit is connected to the side wall of the distributor. The end of the distillate conduit away from the distributor extends outward through the side wall of the tower head sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the condensing coil includes an outer condensing coil and an inner condensing coil. One end of the outer condensing coil is a condensate inlet, and one end of the inner condensing coil is a condensate outlet. The end of the outer condensing coil away from the condensate inlet is connected to the end of the inner condensing coil away from the condensate outlet. The condensate inlet extends outward through the top cap of the tower, and the condensate outlet extends outward through the top cap of the tower.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the tower head cap is connected to a vacuum deflector.

[0014] Furthermore, the end of the guide tube near the distributor is provided with a guide plate for guiding the return liquid.

[0015] Furthermore, the distributor includes a distributor reflux line and a distributor distillation line. The distributor distillation line is disposed on the side wall of the distributor reflux line. The distributor reflux line has a first chamber and a second chamber. The distributor distillation line is connected to the first chamber. The distributor distillation line is connected to the second chamber through an outlet. The end of the distributor distillation line away from the first chamber is connected to the distillate conduit. A reflux regulating mechanism is installed in the second chamber. The end of the distributor reflux line with the first chamber is connected to the end of the guide tube away from the central guide tube. The end of the distributor reflux line with the second chamber is connected to the reflux conduit.

[0016] Furthermore, the reflux adjustment mechanism includes an electromagnetic coil, a support platform, and a steel ball. The electromagnetic coil is disposed on the outside of the second cavity, and the support platform and the steel ball are installed inside the second cavity. The support platform includes a support base and a steel ball support seat. The support base is fixedly installed at the end of the second cavity away from the first cavity, and the steel ball support seat is fixedly disposed on the side of the support base away from the reflux conduit. The steel ball is placed on the steel ball support seat, and the support base has several flow ports.

[0017] Furthermore, a constraint plate is provided at one end of the distillation pipe of the distributor near the return pipe of the distributor, and a flow opening is provided on the constraint plate.

[0018] Furthermore, a thermometer sleeve is provided on one side of the distributor, and a thermometer is installed in the thermometer sleeve. The end of the thermometer sleeve away from the distributor extends outward through the side wall of the tower head sleeve.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: In this invention, the reflux ratio can be precisely controlled through a distributor, thereby improving the accuracy and repeatability of experimental data. This reflux head can handle the distillation separation of high-boiling-point materials; after the high-boiling-point material vapor enters the reflux head, the steel balls will not be demagnetized due to the high temperature of the vapor, thus not affecting the reflux ratio control. This reflux head adopts a modular and standardized design, with a simple structure, easy manufacturing and assembly, reducing production costs, and also facilitating transportation and assembly. This reflux head has a compact structure, good sealing, and flexible adjustment, and can be widely used in teaching experiments, laboratory small-scale distillation, drug purification, fragrance and flavor separation, and other scenarios, with a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the head of a pilot-scale distillation column according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the condensation assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the separation component according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid separator according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide tube according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide plate according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shunt in an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 1 ; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shunt in an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 2 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the distillation pipeline of the distributor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the constraint plate in an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the support platform according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Condensation assembly, 11. Condensate inlet, 12. Condensate outlet, 13. Condensate coil, 131. Outer condensate coil, 132. Inner condensate coil, 2. Separation assembly, 21. Flow guide inlet, 22. Gas-liquid separator, 23. Through hole, 24. Central conduit, 25. Flow guide, 26. Flow guide outlet, 27. Flow guide plate, 28. Flow divider, 29. Flow divider reflux line, 30. Flow divider distillation line, 31. First chamber, 32. Second chamber, 33. Steel ball, 34. Support platform, 35. Support base block, 36. Steel ball support seat, 37. Flow port, 38. Constraint plate, 39. Flow opening, 40. Reflux conduit, 41. Distillate conduit, 42. Thermometer sleeve, 43. Outlet, 3. Tower head sleeve, 4. Tower head cap, 5. Vacuum bend. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 11 This embodiment provides a pilot-scale distillation column head, the entire column head of which can be made of glass, thereby ensuring that the column head has good corrosion resistance, chemical stability, and visibility. The use of glass in this column head allows for real-time observation of the internal conditions, facilitating real-time monitoring of liquid flow and reflux effects. Furthermore, the glass material facilitates observation and cleaning, simplifying daily maintenance.

[0024] Specifically, the distillation column head in this pilot-scale test includes a column head sleeve 3, with a column head cap 4 at the top. A vacuum deflection bend 5 connects to the top of the column head cap 4, and the end of the vacuum deflection bend 5 furthest from the column head cap 4 connects to an external vacuum system, thus providing low-pressure conditions for the column head and facilitating reduced-pressure distillation. The column head sleeve 3 contains a condensation assembly 1 and a separation assembly 2. The condensation assembly 1 forms a condensation zone, and the separation assembly 2 forms a reflux control zone. The condensation assembly 1 is installed at the top of the separation assembly 2. The condensation assembly 1 is used to cool the material in a vapor state into a liquid state, and the separation assembly 2 is used to collect the cooled liquid material and control the flow direction of the material.

[0025] Specifically, the condensing assembly 1 includes a condensing coil 13. One end of the condensing coil 13 is a condensate inlet 11, and the other end is a condensate outlet 12. The condensate inlet 11 extends outward through the tower head cap 4, and the condensate outlet 12 extends outward through the tower head cap 4. A low-temperature refrigerant flows through the condensing coil 13, which cools the rising vapor into liquid. The condensing coil 13 is made of glass to ensure good heat transfer efficiency and safety. The shape of the condensing coil 13 can be spherical, inner spherical with outer spiral, inner and outer double spiral, or serpentine. In this embodiment, an inner and outer double spiral coil is selected for the condensing coil 13 to achieve better condensation.

[0026] Specifically, the condenser coil 13 includes an outer condenser coil 131 and an inner condenser coil 132. One end of the outer condenser coil 131 is a condensate inlet 11, and one end of the inner condenser coil 132 is a condensate outlet 12. The end of the outer condenser coil 131 away from the condensate inlet 11 is connected to the end of the inner condenser coil 132 away from the condensate outlet 12. The tower cap 4 is used to fix and support the condenser coil 13. The condensate inlet 11 extends outward through the tower cap 4 and is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the chiller. The condensate outlet 12 extends outward through the tower cap 4 and is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the chiller. During operation, the low-temperature refrigerant, after being processed by the chiller, enters the outer condenser coil 131 through the condensate inlet 11. The low-temperature refrigerant flows spirally downward through the outer condenser coil 131 to the bottom of the coil, then spirals upward through the inner condenser coil 132, and finally returns to the chiller from the condensate outlet 12.

[0027] Specifically, the separation component 2 includes a gas-liquid separator 22. The top of the gas-liquid separator 22 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the column head sleeve 3. Several through holes 23 are provided on the side wall of the gas-liquid separator 22 to allow material vapor to pass through. The bottom of the gas-liquid separator 22 is connected to a central conduit 24. The end of the central conduit 24 away from the gas-liquid separator 22 is connected to the inlet 21 of the guide pipe 25. The outlet 26 of the guide pipe 25 (i.e., the end of the guide pipe 25 away from the central conduit 24) is connected to a distributor 28. The bottom of the distributor 28 is connected to a reflux conduit 40, which is used to return the reflux liquid (i.e., the material cooled to a liquid state) back into the distillation column. The side wall of the distributor 28 is connected to a distillate conduit 41. The end of the distillate conduit 41 away from the distributor 28 extends outward through the side wall of the column head sleeve 3. The distillate conduit 41 is used to allow the reflux liquid to be discharged from the column head for collection.

[0028] Specifically, a guide vane 27 is fixedly installed at the outlet 26 of the guide tube 25 (i.e., the end of the guide tube 25 near the distributor 28). The guide vane 27 is used to guide the return liquid. The sides and top of the guide vane 27 are tightly fitted to the inner wall of the guide tube 25. The guide vane 27 blocks a portion of the flow area at the outlet 26 of the guide tube. When the return liquid flows to the outlet 26 of the guide tube 25, the return liquid flows into the distributor 28 from the unblocked flow area.

[0029] Specifically, the distributor 28 includes a distributor reflux line 29 and a distributor distillation line 30. The distributor distillation line 30 is disposed on the side wall of the distributor reflux line 29. The distributor reflux line 29 has a first chamber 31 and a second chamber 32. The distributor distillation line 30 is connected to the first chamber 31 and to the second chamber 32 through an outlet 43. The end of the distributor distillation line 30 away from the first chamber 31 is connected to the distillate conduit 41. The end of the distributor reflux line 29 with the first chamber 31 is connected to the end of the guide pipe 25 away from the central conduit 24, and the end of the distributor reflux line 29 with the second chamber 32 is connected to the reflux conduit 40.

[0030] Specifically, a reflux regulating mechanism is installed inside the second chamber 32. This mechanism controls the flow direction of the reflux liquid, allowing for adjustment of the reflux-to-distillation ratio according to experimental requirements. The reflux regulating mechanism includes an electromagnetic coil, a support platform 34, and a steel ball 33, which may be made of stainless steel. The electromagnetic coil is installed on the outer wall of the reflux pipe 29 of the distributor, located on the outside of the second chamber 32. The support platform 34 and the steel ball 33 are installed inside the second chamber 32. The support platform 34 includes a support base 35 and a steel ball support seat 36. The support base 35 is fixedly installed at the end of the second chamber 32 away from the first chamber 31 (i.e., the bottom of the second chamber 32). The steel ball support seat 36 is fixedly located at the middle position on the side of the support base 35 away from the reflux conduit 40 (i.e., the top of the support base 35). The steel ball support seat 36 is an arc-shaped tray, and the steel ball 33 is placed on the steel ball support seat 36. The support base 35 has several flow ports 37 for the passage of reflux liquid.

[0031] Specifically, the reflux regulating mechanism controls the position of the steel ball 33 through an electromagnetic coil, thereby keeping the reflux fluid in either a production or reflux state, achieving non-contact regulation and avoiding contamination and leakage. During operation, when the electromagnetic coil is energized, it attracts the steel ball 33, placing it at the top of the second chamber 32. At this time, the steel ball 33 blocks the connecting channel between the first chamber 31 and the second chamber 32 (i.e., the channel through which the reflux liquid flows downwards). The reflux liquid flows to the distillation pipe 30 of the distributor, and then flows out of the column head through the distillation pipe 41 for collection. When the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, it cannot attract the steel ball 33, and the steel ball 33 remains on the steel ball support 36. The steel ball 33 does not block the connecting channel between the first chamber 31 and the second chamber 32. At this time, the reflux liquid flows from the first chamber 31 into the second chamber 32 through the connecting channel. Then, the reflux liquid flows downwards through the gap between the steel ball 33 and the reflux pipe 29 of the distributor, then flows into the reflux pipe 40 through the flow port 37, and finally flows back into the distillation column through the reflux pipe 40.

[0032] Specifically, a constraint plate 38 is provided at one end of the distillation line 30 of the distributor near the return line 29 of the distributor. A flow opening 39 is provided on the constraint plate 38 to allow the return liquid to pass through.

[0033] Specifically, a thermometer sleeve 42 is provided on one side of the distributor 28, and the end of the thermometer sleeve 42 away from the distributor 28 extends outward through the side wall of the tower head sleeve 3. A temperature sensor is installed in the thermometer sleeve 42, which can monitor the temperature changes inside the tower head in real time.

[0034] Specifically, the working principle of this utility model is as follows: the material vapor enters the interior of the tower head sleeve 3 from the bottom of the tower head sleeve 3, and then the material vapor rises and enters the condensation zone through the through hole 23 on the side wall of the gas-liquid separator 22. After contacting the outer condensing coil 131 and the inner condensing coil 132, it is cooled into a small flow of liquid reflux liquid. The small flow of reflux liquid drips down onto the inner wall of the gas-liquid separator 22 by gravity, and then collects into the central conduit 24 through the bucket-shaped structure of the gas-liquid separator 22. Then it flows into the guide pipe 25 through the guide pipe inlet 21, and enters the first cavity 31 through the guide plate 27. If the reflux liquid is collected, the electromagnetic coil is energized and operates, attracting the steel ball 33, so that the steel ball 33 is at the top of the second cavity 32. At this time, the steel ball 33 blocks the outlet 43, and the small flow of reflux liquid flows to the distillation pipe 30 of the distributor, and then flows out of the column head through the distillation pipe 41 to achieve collection. If the small flow of reflux liquid is returned to the distillation column, the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, and the electromagnetic coil cannot attract the steel ball 33. The steel ball 33 will be on the steel ball support 36. The steel ball 33 does not block the outlet 43. At this time, the small flow of reflux liquid flows into the second cavity 32 through the flow opening 39 and the outlet 43. Then the reflux liquid flows downward through the gap between the steel ball 33 and the reflux pipe 29 of the distributor, and then flows into the reflux pipe 40 through the flow opening 37. Finally, it flows back into the distillation column through the reflux pipe 40.

[0035] Specifically, this column head, through the distributor 28, enables precise control of the reflux ratio, thereby improving the accuracy and repeatability of experimental data. This column head can handle the distillation separation of high-boiling-point materials; after the high-boiling-point material vapor enters the column head, the steel ball 33 will not be demagnetized due to the high temperature of the vapor, thus not affecting the reflux ratio control. This column head adopts a modular and standardized design, with a simple structure, easy manufacturing and assembly, reducing production costs, and also facilitating transportation and assembly. This column head has a compact structure, good sealing performance, and flexible adjustment, and can be widely used in teaching experiments, laboratory small-scale distillation, drug purification, fragrance and flavor separation, and other scenarios, with a wide range of applications.

[0036] Specifically, the small-scale distillation column head structure provided by this utility model is suitable for experimental research with low flow rates. It has good engineering practicality and market promotion value, and is not only suitable for chemistry and chemical engineering teaching experiments in colleges and universities, but also as an important equipment component for small-scale separation experiments in research institutions. At the same time, this column head also has broad application potential in small-scale research in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food, and environmental protection.

[0037] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pilot-scale distillation column head, characterized in that, It includes a tower head sleeve (3), the top of which is provided with a tower head cap (4), and the tower head sleeve (3) is provided with a condensation component (1) and a separation component (2) inside, the condensation component (1) being installed on the top of the separation component (2); The condensation assembly (1) includes a condensation coil (13), one end of which is a condensate inlet (11), and the other end of which is a condensate outlet (12). The condensate inlet (11) extends outward through the tower head cap (4), and the condensate outlet (12) extends outward through the tower head cap (4). The separation component (2) includes a gas-liquid separator (22). The top of the gas-liquid separator (22) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower head sleeve (3). Several through holes (23) are provided on the side wall of the gas-liquid separator (22). The bottom of the gas-liquid separator (22) is connected to a central conduit (24). The end of the central conduit (24) away from the gas-liquid separator (22) is connected to a guide pipe (25). The end of the guide pipe (25) away from the central conduit (24) is connected to a distributor (28). The bottom of the distributor (28) is connected to a reflux conduit (40). The side wall of the distributor (28) is connected to a distillate conduit (41). The end of the distillate conduit (41) away from the distributor (28) extends outward through the side wall of the tower head sleeve (3).

2. The pilot-scale distillation column head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condenser coil (13) includes an outer condenser coil (131) and an inner condenser coil (132). One end of the outer condenser coil (131) is a condensate inlet (11), and one end of the inner condenser coil (132) is a condensate outlet (12). The end of the outer condenser coil (131) away from the condensate inlet (11) is connected to the end of the inner condenser coil (132) away from the condensate outlet (12). The condensate inlet (11) extends outward through the tower top cap (4), and the condensate outlet (12) extends outward through the tower top cap (4).

3. The pilot-scale distillation column head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the tower cap (4) is connected to a vacuum bend (5).

4. The pilot-scale distillation column head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide tube (25) is provided with a guide plate (27) for guiding the return liquid at one end near the distributor (28).

5. The pilot-scale distillation column head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributor (28) includes a distributor return line (29) and a distributor distillation line (30). The distributor distillation line (30) is located on the side wall of the distributor return line (29). The distributor return line (29) has a first chamber (31) and a second chamber (32). The distributor distillation line (30) is connected to the first chamber (31). The distributor distillation line (30) is connected to the second chamber (32) through an outlet (43). 32) Connected, the end of the distillation pipe (30) of the splitter away from the first chamber (31) is connected to the distillate conduit (41), the second chamber (32) is equipped with a reflux regulating mechanism, the end of the reflux pipe (29) of the splitter opening the first chamber (31) is connected to the end of the guide pipe (25) away from the central conduit (24), and the end of the reflux pipe (29) of the splitter opening the second chamber (32) is connected to the reflux conduit (40).

6. The pilot-scale distillation column head according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reflux adjustment mechanism includes an electromagnetic coil, a support platform (34), and a steel ball (33). The electromagnetic coil is located on the outside of the second cavity (32). The support platform (34) and the steel ball (33) are installed inside the second cavity (32). The support platform (34) includes a support base (35) and a steel ball support seat (36). The support base (35) is fixedly installed at one end of the second cavity (32) away from the first cavity (31). The steel ball support seat (36) is fixedly installed on the side of the support base (35) away from the reflux conduit (40). The steel ball (33) is placed on the steel ball support seat (36). The support base (35) has several flow ports (37).

7. The pilot-scale distillation column head according to claim 6, characterized in that, The distillation line (30) of the splitter is provided with a constraint plate (38) at one end near the return line (29) of the splitter, and the constraint plate (38) is provided with a flow opening (39).

8. The pilot-scale distillation column head according to claim 7, characterized in that, A thermometer sleeve (42) is provided on one side of the distributor (28), and a temperature sensor is installed in the thermometer sleeve (42). The end of the thermometer sleeve (42) away from the distributor (28) extends outward through the side wall of the tower head sleeve (3).

Images