A desulfurization tower spraying system adaptive to deep peak shaving
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521338838.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-06-27
AI Technical Summary
[0003]然而，现有火电机组配套的湿法脱硫系统与深度调峰工况存在显著适配矛盾：传统脱硫塔喷淋层设计通常基于机组满负荷工况优化，当机组进入深度调峰的超低负荷状态时，脱硫系统实现节能运行的主要方式是停运部分喷淋层
[0021]本实用新型通过在脱硫塔内自上向下间隔设置顶部喷淋层、至少一层中间喷淋层和底部喷淋层，并对各喷淋层的喷嘴开口方向及工作压力进行差异化设计，有效解决了现有湿法脱硫系统在深度调峰工况下因喷淋层停运导致脱硫效率下降的技术矛盾。
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Figure CN224793216U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of flue gas treatment technology, specifically to a desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving. Background Technology
[0002] Under the background of the new power system, deep peak shaving of thermal power units has become a key technical means to support the high proportion of new energy consumption. Statistics show that when deep peak shaving units are running at 30% load, the coal consumption for power supply increases by about 15g / kWh compared with full load. However, through system optimization, the absolute value fluctuation of coal consumption can be reduced by 8-12g / kWh, while reducing carbon emission intensity by about 5-8%.
[0003] However, existing wet desulfurization systems for thermal power units present a significant compatibility issue with deep peak-shaving operations: traditional desulfurization tower spray layer designs are typically optimized for full-load operation. When the unit enters the ultra-low load state for deep peak shaving, the main way for the desulfurization system to achieve energy-saving operation is to shut down some spray layers. However, reducing the number of spray layers in operation directly leads to a shorter residence time of the desulfurization absorbent in the tower, reducing the mass transfer efficiency of pollutants such as SO2 from the gas phase to the liquid phase, thus causing a decrease in desulfurization efficiency. This technical contradiction severely compresses the energy-saving potential of existing desulfurization systems under deep peak-shaving conditions, hindering the economic viability of low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides a desulfurization tower spray system that is adapted to deep peak shaving.
[0005] This utility model discloses a desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving, including a desulfurization tower. The desulfurization tower is provided with a demister, a spray system and a turbulence generator or tray arranged from top to bottom. The spray system includes a top spray layer, at least one middle spray layer and a bottom spray layer arranged from top to bottom at intervals.
[0006] The top spray layer is provided with several downward-facing first nozzles, and the working pressure of the first nozzles is 60-70 kPa.
[0007] All intermediate spray layers are provided with several bidirectional open second nozzles. When the intermediate spray layer is set as one layer, the working pressure of the second nozzle is 60-70 kPa. When the intermediate spray layer is set as no less than two layers, the working pressure of the second nozzle on the intermediate spray layer adjacent to the top spray layer is 60-70 kPa, and the working pressure of the second nozzle on the other intermediate spray layers is 70-80 kPa.
[0008] The bottom spray layer is provided with several third nozzles with downward openings, and the working pressure of the third nozzles is 70-80 kPa.
[0009] As a further improvement of this utility model, the distance between the top spray layer and the demister is 2 to 3.5 m.
[0010] As a further improvement of this utility model, the distance between the bottom spray layer and the turbulence generator or tray is 2.5 to 3 m.
[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model, the first nozzle, the second nozzle and the third nozzle are all solid cones or hollow cones.
[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model, the second nozzle is a bidirectional integrated nozzle, and the ratio of the upper and lower spray volumes of the bidirectional integrated nozzle is 1:1.
[0013] As a further improvement of this utility model, when the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in the desulfurization tower is less than 2000 mg / m³ 3 In this case, the intermediate spray layer is set in one layer;
[0014] When the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in the desulfurization tower is 2000-4000 mg / m³ 3 In this case, the intermediate spray layer is provided in 2 to 3 layers;
[0015] When the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in the desulfurization tower is higher than 4000 mg / m³ 3 In this case, the intermediate spray layer is set in 3 to 4 layers.
[0016] As a further improvement of this utility model, the distance between the uppermost intermediate spray layer and the top spray layer, the distance between the lowermost intermediate spray layer and the bottom spray layer, and the distance between two adjacent intermediate spray layers are all 1.5 to 1.8 m.
[0017] As a further improvement of this utility model, in the working state, the plurality of first nozzles of the top spray layer and the plurality of third nozzles of the bottom spray layer are all in the open state;
[0018] All of the second nozzles of the intermediate spray layer or a portion of the second nozzles of the intermediate spray layer are in the open state.
[0019] As a further improvement of this utility model, the spray coverage of each of the top spray layer, the middle spray layer and the bottom spray layer is 200%-300%.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0021] This invention effectively solves the technical problem of reduced desulfurization efficiency in existing wet desulfurization systems under deep peak-shaving conditions by setting a top spray layer, at least one middle spray layer, and a bottom spray layer at intervals from top to bottom in the desulfurization tower, and by differentiating the nozzle opening direction and working pressure of each spray layer.
[0022] This invention utilizes a downward-facing first nozzle in the top spray layer to appropriately increase the droplet size of the spray liquid at a low working pressure of 60-70 kPa. Simultaneously, it forms a high-density, uniform droplet layer through unidirectional downward spraying. This reduces the gas-liquid carryover of fine droplets and intercepts droplets sprayed upward from the bidirectional nozzle below, thereby reducing the load on the demister and ensuring its dust removal and demisting effect.
[0023] This invention features a third nozzle with an opening facing downwards in the bottom spray layer, spraying downwards unidirectionally at a working pressure of 70-80 kPa. This creates the densest liquid phase area at the bottom, maximizing the uniformity of the liquid phase at the bottom cross section, promoting the uniform distribution and diffusion of flue gas across the tower cross section, and improving the desulfurization efficiency of the high-sulfur flue gas contact zone.
[0024] This invention employs a second nozzle with bidirectional openings in the intermediate spray layer. When set to a single layer, the working pressure is 60-70 kPa. When set to a layer of at least two, the pressure of the intermediate layer near the top is 60-70 kPa, and the pressure of the rest is 70-80 kPa. This allows the droplets to be subjected to initial kinetic energy and flue gas buoyancy, thus extending their residence time and increasing the droplet density in the tower. This significantly improves the mass transfer efficiency compared to a unidirectional nozzle. At the same time, through the gradient design of the number of layers and pressure, the energy consumption of the circulating pump is optimized while meeting the desulfurization requirements of flue gas with different SO2 contents.
[0025] This invention ensures basic desulfurization efficiency and equipment stability by keeping the top and bottom spray layers open during operation. The intermediate spray layer can be flexibly started or stopped or partially opened according to the SO2 content of the flue gas and the unit load. Combined with a spray coverage rate of 200%-300%, this invention minimizes system energy consumption while ensuring desulfurization efficiency meets the standards, effectively meeting the energy-saving and environmental protection requirements of coal-fired power units under deep peak-shaving conditions. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 2 This is an installation diagram of a desulfurization tower spray system adapted for deep peak shaving, as disclosed in one embodiment of this utility model.
[0028] In the picture:
[0029] 1. Desulfurization tower; 11. Flue gas inlet; 12. Flue gas outlet; 2. Demister; 3. Spray system; 31. Top spray layer; 311. First nozzle; 32. Middle spray layer; 321. Second nozzle; 33. Bottom spray layer; 331. Third nozzle; 4. Turbulence generator or tray; 5. Spray pipe. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.
[0031] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0032] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0034] like Figure 1-2As shown, a desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving provided by this utility model includes a desulfurization tower 1. A demister 2, a spray system 3, and a turbulence generator or tray 4 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the desulfurization tower 1. A flue gas inlet 11 is provided on one side near the bottom of the desulfurization tower 1, and a flue gas outlet 12 is provided on the other side near the top. The spray system 3 includes a top spray layer 31, at least one intermediate spray layer 32, and a bottom spray layer 33 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A plurality of downward-facing first nozzles 311 are provided on the top spray layer 31, and the working pressure of the first nozzles 311 is 60-70 kPa. Several bidirectional opening second nozzles 321 are provided on all intermediate spray layers 32. When the intermediate spray layer 32 is set as one layer, the working pressure of the second nozzles 321 is 60-70 kPa. When the intermediate spray layer 32 is set as not less than two layers, the working pressure of the second nozzles 321 on the intermediate spray layer 32 adjacent to the top spray layer 31 is 60-70 kPa, and the working pressure of the second nozzles 321 on the other intermediate spray layers 32 is 70-80 kPa. Several downward opening third nozzles 331 are provided on the bottom spray layer 33, and the working pressure of the third nozzles 331 is 70-80 kPa.
[0035] In the above embodiments, preferably, the distance between the top spray layer 31 and the demister 2 is 2 to 3.5 m. The distance between the bottom spray layer 33 and the turbulence generator or tray 4 is 2.5 to 3 m.
[0036] In the above embodiments, preferably, the first nozzle 311, the second nozzle 321 and the third nozzle 331 are all solid cones or hollow cones.
[0037] In the above embodiment, preferably, the second nozzle 321 is a bidirectional integrated nozzle, and the ratio of the upper and lower spray volumes of the bidirectional integrated nozzle is 1:1.
[0038] In the above embodiments, preferably, when the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in desulfurization tower 1 is less than 2000 mg / m³ 3 When the intermediate spray layer 32 is set at one layer; when the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in the desulfurization tower 1 is 2000-4000 mg / m³ 3 When the intermediate spray layer 32 has 2 to 3 layers; when the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in the desulfurization tower 1 is higher than 4000 mg / m³ 3 At that time, the intermediate spray layer 32 is set with 3 to 4 layers.
[0039] In the above embodiments, preferably, the distance between the uppermost intermediate spray layer 32 and the top spray layer 31, the distance between the lowermost intermediate spray layer 32 and the bottom spray layer 33, and the distance between two adjacent intermediate spray layers 32 are all 1.5 to 1.8 m.
[0040] In the above embodiments, preferably, in the working state, the plurality of first nozzles 311 of the top spray layer 31 and the plurality of third nozzles 331 of the bottom spray layer 33 are all in the open state; the plurality of second nozzles 321 of all or part of the plurality of second nozzles 321 of the intermediate spray layer 32 are in the open state.
[0041] In the above embodiments, preferably, the spray coverage rate of each spray layer in the top spray layer, middle spray layer, and bottom spray layer is 200%-300%. In this embodiment, the coverage rate is calculated according to the following formula:
[0042] Sprinkler coverage rate = N × Am / A
[0043] In the formula, N is the number of nozzles in each spray layer, Am is the spray area of each nozzle 1 meter away from the nozzle outlet, and A is the cross-sectional area of the desulfurization tower 1 1 meter away from the nozzle outlet.
[0044] In the above embodiment, taking a desulfurization tower with 5 spray layers as an example, the middle spray layer 32 has 3 layers. In actual operation, the top spray layer 31 and the bottom spray layer 33 are mandatory. The area below the bottom spray layer 33, due to the collection of slurry from the bottom spray and the four spray layers above, forms the area with the highest liquid phase density in the entire tower. This area serves as the initial contact zone for high-sulfur flue gas, and its desulfurization efficiency plays a decisive role in the overall performance of the system. The bottom spray layer 33 adopts a unidirectional downward spray design, ensuring uniform liquid phase distribution at the bottom cross-section through a working pressure of 70-80 kPa, effectively suppressing the escape phenomenon caused by flue gas deviation, and providing basic conditions for the uniform diffusion of flue gas within the tower cross-section.
[0045] In the above embodiment, preferably, the top spray layer 31 maintains a distance of 2-3.5m from the demister 2. The first nozzle 311, with its opening facing downwards, is driven by a low working pressure of 60-70 kPa, achieving two main functions: firstly, increasing the spray droplet size to 2-3 mm, reducing the proportion of fine droplets and decreasing the gas-liquid carryover; secondly, forming a unidirectional downward-facing, high-density, uniform droplet layer to intercept the droplets sprayed upwards from the second nozzle 321 in the lower middle spray layer 32. Through droplet collision and aggregation, the droplet diameter is further increased and its upward kinetic energy is attenuated, ultimately reducing the droplet carryover entering the demister 2 by 40%-60%, significantly reducing the load on the demister 2 and ensuring its dust and mist removal efficiency.
[0046] In the above embodiment, preferably, all three intermediate spray layers 32 are equipped with bidirectional integrated nozzles, with an upper and lower spray volume ratio of 1:1. The upward-sprayed droplets, influenced by both initial kinetic energy and flue gas buoyancy, have a residence time 2-3 times longer than those of unidirectional nozzles, increasing the droplet density in the spray layer area by 50%-80% and significantly optimizing mass transfer efficiency. The intermediate spray layer 32 closer to the top contributes more to desulfurization efficiency, but the circulating pump energy consumption increases non-linearly with increasing pressure. Based on this characteristic, the intermediate spray layer 32 near the top operates at a pressure of 60-70 kPa, while the other two layers employ a pressure gradient design of 70-80 kPa, achieving optimized energy consumption control while ensuring desulfurization efficiency.
[0047] In the above embodiments, preferably, the top spray layer 31, the middle spray layer and the bottom spray layer also include spray pipes 5.
[0048] Advantages of this utility model:
[0049] This invention effectively solves the technical problem of reduced desulfurization efficiency in existing wet desulfurization systems under deep peak shaving conditions by setting a top spray layer 31, at least one middle spray layer 32, and a bottom spray layer 33 at intervals from top to bottom in the desulfurization tower 1, and by designing the nozzle opening direction and working pressure of each spray layer differently.
[0050] This invention utilizes a first nozzle 311 with its opening facing downwards in the top spray layer 31 to appropriately increase the size of the spray droplets at a low working pressure of 60-70 kPa. Simultaneously, by spraying downwards in one direction, a high-density, uniform droplet layer is formed. This reduces the gas-liquid carryover of fine droplets and intercepts droplets sprayed upwards from the bidirectional nozzles below, thereby reducing the load on the demister 2 and ensuring its dust removal and demisting effect.
[0051] This invention features a third nozzle 331 with an opening facing downwards, installed in the bottom spray layer 33. The nozzle sprays downwards unidirectionally at a working pressure of 70-80 kPa, forming the densest liquid phase area at the bottom. This maximizes the uniformity of the liquid phase at the bottom cross section, promotes the uniform distribution and diffusion of flue gas across the tower cross section, and improves the desulfurization efficiency of the high-sulfur flue gas contact zone.
[0052] This invention employs a second nozzle 321 with bidirectional openings in the intermediate spray layer 32. When set as a single layer, the working pressure is 60-70 kPa. When set as no less than two layers, the pressure of the intermediate layer near the top is 60-70 kPa, and the pressure of the rest is 70-80 kPa. This allows the droplets to be subjected to initial kinetic energy and flue gas buoyancy, thus prolonging their residence time and increasing the density of droplets in the tower. This significantly improves the mass transfer efficiency compared to a unidirectional nozzle. At the same time, through the gradient design of the number of layers and pressure, the energy consumption of the circulating pump is optimized while meeting the desulfurization requirements of flue gas with different SO2 contents.
[0053] This invention ensures basic desulfurization efficiency and equipment operational stability by keeping the top spray layer 31 and bottom spray layer 33 open during operation. The intermediate spray layer 32 can be flexibly started or stopped or partially opened according to the SO2 content of the flue gas and the unit load. Combined with a spray coverage rate of 200%-300%, this invention minimizes system energy consumption while ensuring desulfurization efficiency meets standards, effectively adapting to the energy-saving and environmental protection requirements of coal-fired power units under deep peak-shaving conditions.
[0054] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A desulfurization tower spray system adapted for deep peak shaving, comprising a desulfurization tower, wherein a demister, a spray system, and a turbulence generator or tray are arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the desulfurization tower, characterized in that, The spray system includes a top spray layer, at least one middle spray layer, and a bottom spray layer arranged at intervals from top to bottom; when the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in the desulfurization tower is less than 2000 mg / m³ 3 In this case, the intermediate spray layer is set in one layer; When the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in the desulfurization tower is 2000~4000 mg / m³ 3 In this case, the intermediate spray layer is provided in 2 to 3 layers; When the SO2 content of the raw flue gas in the desulfurization tower is higher than 4000 mg / m³ 3 In this case, the intermediate spray layer is provided in 3 to 4 layers; The top spray layer is provided with several downward-facing first nozzles, and the working pressure of the first nozzles is 60~70 kPa. All intermediate spray layers are provided with several bidirectional open second nozzles. When the intermediate spray layer is set as one layer, the working pressure of the second nozzle is 60~70Kpa; when the intermediate spray layer is set as not less than two layers, the working pressure of the second nozzle on the intermediate spray layer adjacent to the top spray layer is 60~70Kpa, and the working pressure of the second nozzle on the other intermediate spray layers is 70~80Kpa. The bottom spray layer is provided with several third nozzles with downward openings, and the working pressure of the third nozzles is 70-80 kPa.
2. The desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the top spray layer and the demister is 2~3.5m.
3. The desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the bottom spray layer and the turbulence generator or tray is 2.5~3m.
4. The desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first nozzle, the second nozzle, and the third nozzle are all solid cones or hollow cones.
5. The desulfurization tower spray system adapted for deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second nozzle is a bidirectional integrated nozzle, and the ratio of the upper and lower spray volumes of the bidirectional integrated nozzle is 1:
1.
6. The desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the uppermost intermediate spray layer and the top spray layer, the distance between the lowermost intermediate spray layer and the bottom spray layer, and the distance between two adjacent intermediate spray layers are all 1.5~1.8m.
7. The desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that, In operation, the multiple first nozzles of the top spray layer and the multiple third nozzles of the bottom spray layer are all in the open state; All of the second nozzles of the intermediate spray layer or a portion of the second nozzles of the intermediate spray layer are in the open state.
8. The desulfurization tower spray system adapted to deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray coverage of each of the top spray layer, the middle spray layer and the bottom spray layer is 200%-300%.