A kind of waste gas treatment device based on foamed nickel
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521947035.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-10
AI Technical Summary
此类装置存在显著缺陷：催化剂载体有效反应面积不足，仅起过滤作用；紫外光被内部结构遮挡，利用率低；气流与催化剂接触不充分；催化剂易脱落失效
[0011]与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果是通过采用多层垂直气流方向布置的三维多孔泡沫镍催化网模块层，废气被迫穿透其高孔隙率互通网状结构，极大增加了废气与催化剂的接触面积和反应时间，避免了气流“短路”或“绕流”，传质效率高，污染物降解彻底，再通过嵌入式紫外光源设计，将紫外灯管直接布置于催化网层间，近距离直接照射，避免传统侧壁布光方式的光衰减和遮挡问题；结合“全反射内壁”结构，未被吸收的紫外光被高效反射回反应区重复利用，显著提升光能利用率和反应速率，且纳米二氧化钛光催化层通过溶胶-凝胶法牢固负载于泡沫镍基体表面，不易脱落或失活；预处理单元有效去除颗粒物，防止催化剂表面被覆盖或堵塞，系统可长期保持高效稳定运行，最后控制单元可根据废气浓度实时调节风机转速与紫外灯功率，实现能耗与处理负荷的精准匹配，节能降耗效果显著；检修口设计便于快速维护，降低运行成本。
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Figure CN224793237U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of industrial waste gas purification technology, specifically a waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam. Background Technology
[0002] Photocatalytic oxidation technology is an effective method for controlling VOCs (volatile organic compounds). It uses ultraviolet light to excite a catalyst to generate strong oxidizing free radicals that decompose pollutants. Existing technologies, such as patent CN216498504U, use nickel foam mesh as a filter carrier to coat the catalyst, combined with ultraviolet lamps arranged on the sidewalls. Such devices have significant drawbacks: insufficient effective reaction area of the catalyst carrier, serving only a filtering function; ultraviolet light is blocked by the internal structure, resulting in low utilization; insufficient contact between the airflow and the catalyst; and the catalyst is prone to detachment and inactivation. Therefore, a novel structural design is urgently needed to address core issues such as light utilization efficiency, mass transfer efficiency, and catalytic stability. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam, comprising: a device housing with an air inlet and an air outlet; a pretreatment unit and a photocatalytic reaction unit sequentially arranged along the airflow direction within the housing; the photocatalytic reaction unit comprising: multiple layers of catalytic mesh modules arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the airflow direction; the catalytic mesh modules are composed of a three-dimensional porous nickel foam matrix and a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic layer loaded on its surface; an ultraviolet light source is provided in the gaps between the catalytic mesh modules; and the inner wall surface of the device housing corresponding to the photocatalytic reaction unit is a light-reflecting wall.
[0005] Preferably, the number of catalyst mesh module layers is four to six, and each layer is arranged in parallel to each other, with its plane perpendicular to the airflow direction.
[0006] Furthermore, the ultraviolet light source includes a first ultraviolet lamp with an emission wavelength of 254nm and a second ultraviolet lamp with an emission wavelength of 185nm, and the first ultraviolet lamp and the second ultraviolet lamp are arranged alternately.
[0007] Furthermore, the light-reflecting wall is a mirrored aluminum alloy plate or a metal plate with a high-reflectivity Teflon coating.
[0008] Furthermore, the pretreatment unit includes a coarse filter screen and a medium-efficiency filter bag arranged sequentially along the airflow direction.
[0009] Preferably, the top of the device housing has an access port corresponding to the position of the ultraviolet light source, and the access port includes an openable access door.
[0010] Preferably, the system further includes a control unit electrically connected to the ultraviolet light source.
[0011] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: by employing a multi-layered, vertically airflow-oriented, three-dimensional porous foam nickel catalytic mesh module, the exhaust gas is forced to penetrate its highly porous, interconnected mesh structure, greatly increasing the contact area and reaction time between the exhaust gas and the catalyst, avoiding airflow "short-circuiting" or "bypassing," resulting in high mass transfer efficiency and thorough pollutant degradation. Furthermore, through an embedded ultraviolet light source design, ultraviolet lamps are directly arranged between the catalytic mesh layers for close-range direct irradiation, avoiding the light attenuation and shading problems of traditional sidewall lighting methods; combined with the "total reflection inner wall" structure, [the following is implied but not explicitly stated]. The absorbed ultraviolet light is efficiently reflected back to the reaction zone for reuse, significantly improving light energy utilization and reaction rate. Furthermore, the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic layer is firmly loaded onto the surface of the nickel foam substrate via a sol-gel method, making it resistant to detachment or deactivation. The pretreatment unit effectively removes particulate matter, preventing the catalyst surface from being covered or clogged, allowing the system to maintain efficient and stable operation for extended periods. Finally, the control unit can adjust the fan speed and ultraviolet lamp power in real time according to the exhaust gas concentration, achieving precise matching of energy consumption and treatment load, resulting in significant energy savings and reduced consumption. The inspection port design facilitates quick maintenance and reduces operating costs. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;
[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pretreatment unit structure of this utility model;
[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the photocatalytic reaction unit structure of this utility model;
[0015] In the diagram: 1. Air inlet; 2. Air outlet; 3. Device housing; 4. Pretreatment unit; 401. Coarse filter; 402. Medium filter bag; 5. Photocatalytic reaction unit; 501. Catalytic mesh module layer; 502. Ultraviolet light source; 5021. First ultraviolet lamp; 5022. Second ultraviolet lamp; 503. Light reflector wall; 6. Inspection port. Detailed Implementation
[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this utility model, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0017] Please refer to Figure 1-3This utility model provides a waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam, including a device housing 3 with an air inlet 1 and an air outlet 2. A pretreatment unit 4 and a photocatalytic reaction unit 5 are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction inside the housing 3. The photocatalytic reaction unit 5 includes: multiple layers of catalytic mesh module layers 501 arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the airflow direction. The catalytic mesh module layer 501 is composed of a three-dimensional porous nickel foam matrix and a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic layer loaded on its surface. An ultraviolet light source 502 is provided in the gaps between the catalytic mesh module layers 501. The inner wall surface of the device housing 3 corresponding to the photocatalytic reaction unit 5 is a light reflector wall 503.
[0018] The device housing 3 serves as the main structural component and sealed container of the entire device, providing the installation foundation and protection for all internal functional units. It ensures that the waste gas flows along the designed path during treatment, preventing gas and light leakage, and guaranteeing operational safety and efficiency. The inlet 1 and outlet 2 are the inlet for the waste gas to be treated and the outlet for the purified gas, respectively. The inlet guides the polluted waste gas into the device in an orderly manner, while the outlet ensures the safe discharge of the treated gas. Its size and position are designed to facilitate uniform airflow distribution within the housing. The pretreatment unit 4 performs pre-treatment physical purification of the waste gas, protecting the core unit at the back end. The photocatalytic reaction unit 5 degrades organic pollutants in the waste gas through photocatalytic oxidation, mineralizing them into harmless substances. The catalytic mesh module layer 501 serves as the core reaction carrier and surface. The three-dimensional porous foam nickel matrix, with its ultra-high porosity and three-dimensional interconnected network structure, creates extremely low-resistance airflow channels and a huge specific surface area, providing unprecedented contact opportunities between the waste gas and the catalyst, achieving efficient mass transfer. The nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic layer serves as the generator of the chemical reaction. Under ultraviolet light excitation, it generates highly oxidizing free radicals that directly attack and decompose VOC molecules adsorbed on the surface, serving as the chemical source of its purification function. The vertical airflow arrangement ensures sufficient collision between the exhaust gas and the catalyst, preventing airflow "short-circuiting" or "bypassing," thus guaranteeing a complete and thorough reaction. The ultraviolet light source 502 provides the energy to drive the photocatalytic reaction, while the light reflector wall 503 enhances light energy utilization efficiency.
[0019] The number of catalyst mesh module layers 501 is four to six, and each layer is arranged in parallel to each other, with its plane perpendicular to the airflow direction.
[0020] The ultraviolet light source 502 includes a first ultraviolet lamp 5021 with an emission wavelength of 254nm and a second ultraviolet lamp 5022 with an emission wavelength of 185nm, and the first ultraviolet lamp 5021 and the second ultraviolet lamp 5022 are arranged alternately.
[0021] Among them, the first ultraviolet lamp 5021, with an emission wavelength of 254nm, is the main reaction light source. Its wavelength can most effectively excite titanium dioxide to generate electron-hole pairs, which is the main energy source for generating ·OH free radicals. The second ultraviolet lamp 5022, with an emission wavelength of 185nm, is the synergistic reaction light source. Its main function is to photolyze oxygen to generate ozone (O3), providing "raw materials" for the subsequent ozone synergistic catalytic oxidation reaction. Its embedded design places the lamp directly between the catalyst mesh layers for close-range direct irradiation, which solves the problems of uneven irradiation, distance attenuation, and internal obstruction in the sidewall light distribution method, ensuring that the photon energy is absorbed by the catalyst to the maximum extent.
[0022] The light reflector 503 is a mirror-finished aluminum alloy plate or a metal plate with a high-reflectivity Teflon coating.
[0023] The mirror-reflective material on the inner wall can efficiently reflect ultraviolet light that penetrates the catalyst mesh but is not absorbed back to the reaction area for secondary or even multiple uses. This effectively increases the optical path and the probability of photons colliding with the catalyst, significantly reducing light energy waste and improving the overall energy economy of the system.
[0024] The pretreatment unit 4 includes a coarse filter screen 401 and a medium-efficiency filter bag 402 arranged sequentially along the airflow direction.
[0025] The coarse filter 401 intercepts larger particles, dust, and flocculation in the exhaust gas, preventing them from clogging the subsequent fine filter material and catalytic mesh channels. The medium-efficiency filter bag 402 captures even finer particles such as PM10 and PM2.5. Its core function is to protect the photocatalytic reaction unit 5, preventing fine particles from covering or obscuring the active sites on the catalytic mesh surface, thereby maintaining the system's long-term stable high-efficiency performance and low operating resistance.
[0026] The top of the device housing 3 is provided with an inspection port 6 corresponding to the position of the ultraviolet light source 502. The inspection port 6 includes an openable inspection door.
[0027] The inspection port and inspection door provide maintenance access, allowing for convenient replacement of internal UV lamps and cleaning or regeneration of the catalytic mesh module without disassembling the entire device. This greatly reduces the difficulty and time cost of daily equipment maintenance.
[0028] It also includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to the ultraviolet light source 502.
[0029] The control unit receives signals from the exhaust gas concentration sensor and automatically adjusts the fan speed and ultraviolet lamp power in real time, so that the device's processing capacity is precisely matched with the actual pollution load. This ensures the treatment effect while achieving intelligent operation that saves energy, reduces consumption, and extends equipment life.
[0030] In using this invention, industrial waste gas first enters the housing through the inlet of the device and passes through a pretreatment unit. This unit includes a coarse filter and a medium-efficiency filter bag to intercept large particles, dust, and some fine particulate matter such as PM10 and PM2.5 in the waste gas, preventing them from clogging or covering the subsequent catalytic reaction unit and ensuring long-term stable operation of the system. The pretreated waste gas then enters the photocatalytic reaction unit. This unit consists of multiple layers of catalytic mesh modules arranged vertically to the airflow direction. Each layer is composed of a three-dimensional porous nickel foam matrix supporting a nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic layer. Under the action of a fan, the waste gas is forced to penetrate these catalytic mesh layers, increasing the gas-solid contact area and improving mass transfer efficiency. Embedded ultraviolet light sources emit ultraviolet light in the gaps between the catalytic mesh layers, directly irradiating the surface of the catalytic mesh. 254nm ultraviolet light is primarily used to excite titanium dioxide to generate electron-hole pairs, which in turn generate highly oxidizing ·OH radicals, directly decomposing VOCs (volatile organic compounds). 185nm ultraviolet light is used to photolyze oxygen to generate ozone (O3). Ozone is then catalytically decomposed into more free radicals in the subsequent catalytic mesh layer, synergistically enhancing oxidation capacity. The inner wall of the reaction unit is a light-reflecting wall, reflecting unabsorbed ultraviolet light back to the reaction area for multiple uses, significantly improving light energy utilization and reaction efficiency. After thorough reaction through multiple catalytic mesh layers, VOCs in the exhaust gas are degraded into harmless CO2 and H2O. The purified gas is discharged from the device through the outlet. The control unit automatically adjusts the fan speed and ultraviolet lamp power based on feedback from the exhaust gas concentration sensor, achieving energy-saving operation and precise treatment. The inspection port is located on the top of the housing, facilitating the replacement of ultraviolet lamps, cleaning, or replacement of the catalytic mesh module, reducing maintenance costs.
[0031] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, a specific implementation of a waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam is provided. This embodiment includes a cuboid housing 3, with an air inlet 1 at one end and an air outlet 2 at the other end. A pretreatment unit 4 and a photocatalytic reaction unit 5 are arranged sequentially from left to right inside the housing. The pretreatment unit 4 includes a frame, inside which a coarse filter 401 and a medium-efficiency filter bag 402 are sequentially installed for removing particulate matter from the waste gas. The photocatalytic reaction unit 5 is the core of this invention. Four layers of catalytic mesh modules 501 are arranged parallel to each other perpendicular to the airflow direction inside. These modules 501 use nickel foam plates with a porosity of 96% and a pore count per inch (PPI) of 60, and a nano-anatase titanium dioxide film is loaded onto the surface of its framework using a sol-gel method. Several ultraviolet lamps are embedded in the gap between the two catalytic mesh module layers 501. These include a first ultraviolet lamp 5021 emitting 254nm ultraviolet light and a second ultraviolet lamp 5022 emitting 185nm ultraviolet light, arranged in an alternating pattern. The inner wall of the device housing 3 is entirely covered with mirrored aluminum alloy plates, forming a light-reflecting wall 503. An inspection port 6 and a maintenance door are located on the top of the housing 3, directly opposite the ultraviolet light source 502. During operation, exhaust gas enters through the inlet 1 under the traction of a fan, and after dust removal by the pretreatment unit 4, it enters the photocatalytic reaction unit 5. The exhaust gas is forced to vertically penetrate the three-dimensional channels of the multi-layer catalytic mesh module layer 501. During this process, it is directly and fully irradiated by the embedded ultraviolet light source 502, and undergoes a photocatalytic oxidation reaction on the catalyst surface, ultimately decomposing into CO2 and H2O. Simultaneously, the ozone generated by the 185nm ultraviolet light is catalytically decomposed into more free radicals in the subsequent catalytic mesh, synergistically enhancing the effect. The treated clean gas is discharged from outlet 2.
[0032] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that all other embodiments obtained by making various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam, comprising a device housing (3) with an air inlet (1) and an air outlet (2), wherein a pretreatment unit (4) and a photocatalytic reaction unit (5) are sequentially arranged within the housing (3) along the airflow direction, characterized in that: The photocatalytic reaction unit (5) includes: multiple layers of catalytic mesh module layers (501) arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the airflow direction, the catalytic mesh module layer (501) is composed of a three-dimensional porous nickel foam matrix and a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic layer loaded on its surface; an ultraviolet light source (502) is provided in the gaps between the catalytic mesh module layers (501); the inner wall surface of the device housing (3) corresponding to the photocatalytic reaction unit (5) is a light reflector wall (503).
2. The waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of catalyst mesh module layers (501) is four to six, and each layer is arranged in parallel with each other, with its plane perpendicular to the airflow direction.
3. The waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultraviolet light source (502) includes a first ultraviolet lamp (5021) with an emission wavelength of 254nm and a second ultraviolet lamp (5022) with an emission wavelength of 185nm, and the first ultraviolet lamp (5021) and the second ultraviolet lamp (5022) are arranged alternately.
4. The waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-reflecting wall (503) is a mirror-finished aluminum alloy plate or a metal plate with a high-reflectivity Teflon coating.
5. The waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment unit (4) includes a coarse filter screen (401) and a medium-efficiency filter bag (402) arranged sequentially along the airflow direction.
6. The waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the device housing (3) is provided with an inspection port (6) corresponding to the position of the ultraviolet light source (502), and the inspection port (6) includes an openable inspection door.
7. The waste gas treatment device based on nickel foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to the ultraviolet light source (502).