Alpha olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of alpha olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction devices, including rectifying column body, the inside of rectifying column body is provided with rectifying layer, reaction layer and distillation layer, the inside of rectifying layer is provided with first packing layer and second packing layer, the inside of reaction layer is provided with third packing layer and fourth packing layer, the inside of distillation layer is provided with fifth packing layer and sixth packing layer. By setting feeding assembly, raw material is transported by feed pipe, heat conduction layer is tightly wrapped feed pipe, heat insulation layer can effectively reduce heat loss to tower environment, avoid temperature field disorder in tower;Electric heating pipe on heat conduction layer is preheated to raw material in feed pipe in circulation, make raw material temperature advance close to reaction start temperature, preheating process energy consumption is low, raw material temperature is uniform and stable, avoid cold raw material into reaction layer to cause local temperature sudden drop, guarantee catalytic reaction steady start.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of distillation column technology, specifically to a high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction device. Background Technology

[0002] Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is a high-quality raw material for the preparation of α-olefins, and α-olefins are the key direction for the "high value-added conversion" of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil. If Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is used directly as fuel (such as diesel), its added value is extremely low; however, after being converted into α-olefins, its added value can be increased by 5-10 times. Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil cannot be directly separated to obtain qualified α-olefins, and must be processed through an efficient α-olefin synthesis reaction device.

[0003] In existing α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reactors, the feed pipe lacks a preheating structure, allowing raw materials to enter the reaction chamber directly at room temperature or lower. This creates a significant temperature difference with the high-temperature environment within the reaction chamber, leading to a sudden drop in local temperature. This disrupts the stable temperature field required for the catalytic reaction, reduces catalyst activity, and affects the reaction efficiency and selectivity of α-olefin synthesis. Furthermore, during the transport of raw materials to the reaction chamber, they are prone to directly impacting the tower wall, resulting in wall flow and material waste. The small gas-liquid contact area leads to poor mass transfer, and side reactions are easily triggered by localized raw material enrichment or insufficient additives. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction device that does not affect the use of the distillation column and improves the separation efficiency of the distillation column. It solves the problems of the lack of a preheating structure in the feed pipe, the low temperature of the raw material entering the reaction layer causing excessive local temperature difference, reducing catalyst activity, affecting reaction efficiency and selectivity, and the easy impact of raw material on the column wall during transportation, resulting in wall flow waste, poor mass transfer, and easy to trigger side reactions.

[0005] An efficient α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus includes a distillation column body 1. The interior of the distillation column body 1 is provided with a distillation layer, a reaction layer and a stripping layer from top to bottom. The distillation layer is provided with a first packing layer 3 and a second packing layer 6. The reaction layer is provided with a third packing layer 19 and a fourth packing layer 18. The stripping layer is provided with a fifth packing layer 16 and a sixth packing layer 15. A feed assembly is provided between the distillation layer and the reaction layer. The feed assembly includes a feed pipe 21, a guide pipe 8, and a dual-fluid atomizing nozzle 20. The feed pipe 21 is provided inside the distillation column body 1. Multiple guide pipes 8 are connected to opposite sides of the feed pipe 21 at equal intervals. The multiple guide pipes 8 are arranged with one side inclined upward and the other side inclined downward. A dual-fluid atomizing nozzle 20 with an upward opening is provided at the end of each of the multiple guide pipes 8. The feed pipe 21 is covered with a shell 29. The shell 29 is provided with a heat insulation layer 27 and a heat conduction layer 28. The heat insulation layer is provided on the inner wall of the shell. The heat conduction layer 28 is sleeved on the outer surface of the feed pipe 21. An electric heating tube 26 is provided between the heat insulation layer 27 and the heat conduction layer 28. The electric heating tube 26 is wound around the heat conduction layer 28. Both ends of the electric heating tube 26 extend to the outside of the shell 29.

[0006] The α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction device has three supporting grids inside the distillation column body 1. The three supporting grids are the first supporting grid 7, the second supporting grid 11, and the third supporting grid 13, and are respectively distributed below the distillation layer, the reaction layer, and the stripping layer.

[0007] The α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction apparatus, wherein the distillation layer is provided with a first packing layer 3, a liquid redistributor A5 and a second packing layer 6 from top to bottom.

[0008] The α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction apparatus has a third packing layer 19, an airflow distributor 10 and a fourth packing layer 18 arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the reaction layer.

[0009] The α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction apparatus has, from top to bottom, a reaction product distributor 17, a fifth packing layer 16, a liquid redistributor B12, and a sixth packing layer 15 arranged in the stripping layer.

[0010] The α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reactor is described above, wherein the first packing layer 3 and the second packing layer 6 are both made of corrugated metal packing, the third packing layer 19 and the fourth packing layer 18 are both made of rare earth composite catalysts, and the fifth packing layer 16 and the sixth packing layer 15 are both made of saddle-shaped metal packing.

[0011] The α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction device is provided with a temperature controller 9 inside the third packing layer 19.

[0012] The α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction device has an outlet pipe 24 at the top of the distillation column body 1, a liquid outlet pipe 14 at the bottom of the distillation column body 1, and an inlet pipe 25 at the lower part of the side wall of the distillation column body 1.

[0013] The α-olefin high-efficiency synthesis reaction device has a reflux pipe 2 fixedly installed inside the distillation column body 1. The reflux pipe 2 is located above the first packing layer. One end of the reflux pipe 2 extends into the interior of the distillation column body 1 and connects to multiple nozzles 23. The other end of the reflux pipe 2 extends to the outside of the distillation column body 1.

[0014] In the aforementioned high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reactor, the distillation column body 1 is provided with packing gates 4 at the upper ends of the side walls of the first packing layer 3, the second packing layer 6, the third packing layer 19, the fourth packing layer 18, the fifth packing layer 16, and the sixth packing layer 15, and the distillation column body 1 is provided with discharge gates 22 at the lower ends of the side walls of the first packing layer 3, the second packing layer 6, the third packing layer 19, the fourth packing layer 18, the fifth packing layer 16, and the sixth packing layer 15.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By setting up a feeding assembly, the raw materials are conveyed through the feeding pipe. The heat-conducting layer tightly wraps the feeding pipe, and the outer heat insulation layer can effectively reduce the loss of heat to the internal environment of the tower and avoid the temperature field disorder inside the tower. The electric heating tube wrapped on the heat-conducting layer preheats the raw materials in the feeding pipe evenly, so that the raw material temperature approaches the reaction start temperature in advance. The preheating process has low energy consumption and the raw material temperature is uniform and stable, avoiding cold raw materials entering the reaction layer and causing a sudden drop in local temperature, thus ensuring a smooth start of the catalytic reaction. 2. The preheated raw material is diverted through the feed pipe to multiple equally spaced guide pipes. The upward tilt of the guide pipes guides the material to diffuse towards the center of the reaction layer, avoiding direct impact on the tower wall and resulting in wasted wall flow. The dual-flow atomizing nozzles at the end of the guide pipes atomize the raw material into fine and uniform droplets. The atomization process significantly increases the gas-liquid contact area, providing a good mass transfer basis for subsequent catalytic reactions and reducing side reactions caused by local raw material enrichment or insufficient additives. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a side view of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed tube and the electric heating tube of this utility model.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Distillation column body; 2. Reflux pipe; 3. First packing layer; 4. Packing gate; 5. Liquid redistributor A; 6. Second packing layer; 7. First support grid; 8. Guide pipe; 9. Temperature controller; 10. Airflow distributor; 11. Second support grid; 12. Liquid redistributor B; 13. Third support grid; 14. Liquid outlet pipe; 15. Sixth packing layer; 16. Fifth packing layer; 17. Reaction product distributor; 18. Fourth packing layer; 19. Third packing layer; 20. Dual-fluid atomizing nozzle; 21. Feed pipe; 22. Discharge gate; 23. Nozzle; 24. Gas outlet pipe; 25. Gas inlet pipe; 26. Electric heating element; 27. Insulation layer; 28. Heat-conducting layer; 29. ​​Outer shell. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] Please see Figure 1-4 The aforementioned high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reactor connects the temperature controller 9 and the electric heating tube 26 to a switch and a power supply, respectively. It includes a distillation column body 1, which has a rectification layer, a reaction layer, and a stripping layer arranged from top to bottom. The rectification layer contains a first packing layer 3 and a second packing layer 6; the reaction layer contains a third packing layer 19 and a fourth packing layer 18; and the stripping layer contains a fifth packing layer 16 and a sixth packing layer 15. A feed assembly is provided between the rectification layer and the reaction layer, including a feed pipe 21, a guide pipe 8, and a dual-fluid atomizing nozzle 20. The feed pipe 21 is located inside the distillation column body 1. Multiple equally spaced guide pipes 8 are connected to opposite sides of the feed pipe 21. The multiple guide pipes 8 are arranged such that one side is inclined upward and the other side is inclined downward. At the end of the multiple guide pipes 8, there is an upward-opening dual-fluid atomizing nozzle 20. The feed pipe 21 is covered with a shell 29. The shell 29 is provided with a heat insulation layer 27 and a heat conduction layer 28. The heat insulation layer is set on the inner wall of the shell. The heat conduction layer 28 is sleeved on the outer surface of the feed pipe 21. An electric heating tube 26 is arranged between the heat insulation layer 27 and the heat conduction layer 28. The electric heating tube 26 is wound on the heat conduction layer 28. Both ends of the electric heating tube 26 extend to the outside of the shell 29.

[0020] The interior of the distillation column body 1 is provided with three support grids, namely the first support grid 7, the second support grid 11, and the third support grid 13, which are respectively distributed below the rectification layer, the reaction layer, and the stripping layer.

[0021] The distillation layer is provided with a first packing layer 3, a liquid redistributor A5 and a second packing layer 6 from top to bottom.

[0022] The reaction layer is provided with a third packing layer 19, an airflow distributor 10 and a fourth packing layer 18 from top to bottom.

[0023] The stripping layer is provided with a reaction product distributor 17, a fifth packing layer 16, a liquid redistributor B12 and a sixth packing layer 15 from top to bottom.

[0024] The first packing layer 3 and the second packing layer 6 both use corrugated metal packing; the third packing layer 19 and the fourth packing layer 18 both use rare earth composite catalysts; the fifth packing layer 16 and the sixth packing layer 15 both use saddle-shaped metal packing.

[0025] A temperature controller 9 is installed inside the third packing layer 19.

[0026] The top of the distillation column body 1 is provided with an outlet pipe 24, the bottom of the distillation column body 1 is provided with a liquid outlet pipe 14, and the lower part of the side wall of the distillation column body 1 is provided with an inlet pipe 25.

[0027] A reflux pipe 2 is fixedly installed inside the distillation column body 1. The reflux pipe 2 is located above the first packing layer. One end of the reflux pipe 2 extends into the interior of the distillation column body 1 and connects to multiple nozzles 23. The other end of the reflux pipe 2 extends to the outside of the distillation column body 1.

[0028] The distillation column body 1 is provided with packing gates 4 at the upper ends of the side walls of the first packing layer 3, the second packing layer 6, the third packing layer 19, the fourth packing layer 18, the fifth packing layer 16 and the sixth packing layer 15, and is provided with discharge gates 22 at the lower ends of the side walls of the first packing layer 3, the second packing layer 6, the third packing layer 19, the fourth packing layer 18, the fifth packing layer 16 and the sixth packing layer 15.

[0029] In addition, the reflux system and temperature controller are existing technologies, and the distillation column in this application is also equipped with other necessary structures, which are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail in this application.

[0030] In use, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil feedstock is transported through the feed pipe 21 inside the distillation column body 1. The heat-conducting layer 28 tightly wraps the feed pipe 21, and the outer heat insulation layer 27 can effectively reduce heat loss to the column environment and avoid temperature field disturbance inside the column. The electric heating tube 26 wrapped around the heat-conducting layer 28 preheats the feedstock in the feed pipe 21 evenly, so that the feedstock temperature approaches the reaction start-up temperature in advance. The preheating process has low energy consumption and the feedstock temperature is uniform and stable, avoiding cold feedstock from entering the reaction layer and causing a sudden drop in local temperature, thus ensuring a smooth start-up of the catalytic reaction. The preheated raw material is diverted through the feed pipe 21 to multiple equally spaced guide pipes 8. The upward tilt of the guide pipes 8 guides the material to diffuse towards the center of the reaction layer, avoiding direct impact of the material on the tower wall and resulting in wasted wall flow. The dual-fluid atomizing nozzle 20 at the end of the guide pipe 8 atomizes the raw material into fine and uniform droplets. The atomization process significantly increases the gas-liquid contact area, providing a good mass transfer basis for subsequent catalytic reactions and reducing side reactions caused by local raw material enrichment or insufficient additives. The atomized feed from the feed assembly comes into contact with the rising gas phase in the rectification layer. Utilizing the boiling point difference between the light component and the target feed, the light component is carried by the gas phase to the outlet pipe 24 at the top of the column and discharged. Part of it becomes the product and the other part is transported by the external reflux system through the reflux pipe 2 to the top of the rectification layer. It then enters the reaction layer in liquid form, which avoids low-carbon impurities occupying the active sites of the catalyst or causing ineffective reactions, thus protecting the catalyst performance and extending its service life. The reflux pipe 2 ends in a split pipe and multiple nozzles 23, which uniformly spray the reflux liquid onto the surface of the first packing layer 3, the uppermost layer of the distillation layer. The liquid redistributor A5 further collects and redistributes the liquid flowing down from the first packing layer 3, ensuring that there is no flow deviation or dry zone on the surface of the second packing layer 6. The corrugated metal packing has both high specific surface area and low flow resistance. Combined with the liquid redistributor A5, it can effectively suppress the "wall flow effect", ensuring that the packing of the entire column fully participates in mass transfer and improves the separation efficiency of light components. The liquid phase from the distillation layer enters the reaction layer, and the gas distributor 10 evenly disperses the rising gas phase into the third packing layer 19 to ensure that the gas phase is in full contact with the catalyst surface. The active components in the rare earth composite catalyst can directionally adsorb long-chain alkanes in the raw materials, initiate the CC bond cracking and α-olefin formation reaction, and the introduction of rare earth elements can inhibit coking on the catalyst surface, keep the catalyst activity stable, reduce the activity decay caused by coking, and improve the selectivity of α-olefin formation. The temperature controller 9 in the third packing layer 19 removes the heat released by the catalytic reaction in a timely manner through the circulation of the heat medium, maintaining the temperature of the reaction layer in the optimal range for α-olefin formation and avoiding local overheating that could lead to side reactions such as olefin polymerization and isomerization. The reaction temperature is stable and controllable, reducing the generation of by-products and ensuring the purity of the target α-olefin. The descending liquid phase is then uniformly distributed again by the gas flow distributor 10 and enters the fourth packing layer 18 for secondary catalytic conversion to improve the utilization rate of raw materials and reduce the waste of unreacted raw materials. The mixed products generated in the reaction layer are evenly distributed to the fifth packing layer 16 by the reaction product distributor 17. The liquid redistributor B12 further guides the flowing liquid phase back to the sixth packing layer 15 to ensure that the liquid flows evenly on the packing surface. The irregular curved surface structure of the metal saddle packing is adapted to the slightly higher viscosity characteristics of the heavy components, reducing liquid retention and avoiding long-term high-temperature coking of the heavy components. After being filtered through the rectification layer, reaction layer, and stripping layer, the heavy components in the liquid phase flow out through the bottom outlet pipe 14. A portion of the heavy components is collected, while the other portion flows upward through the gas phase generated by the reboiler at the bottom of the column, contacting the liquid phase in the stripping layer in a countercurrent manner. This strips the α-olefins in the mixed product to the rectification layer for further purification. The heavy components with higher boiling points, being less volatile, flow downward along the packing and are eventually discharged from the bottom of the stripping layer. This achieves effective separation of α-olefins and heavy components, improves the recovery rate of the target product, and avoids the mixing of heavy components with the α-olefin product, which would affect its quality. The three supporting grids, namely supporting grid 7, second supporting grid 11, and third supporting grid 13, are installed below the rectification layer, reaction layer, and stripping layer, respectively, to support the packing or catalyst in each layer and prevent them from collapsing due to their own weight or material impact. The high opening of supporting grids 7, second supporting grid 11, and third supporting grid 13 ensures smooth passage of gas and liquid materials without generating flow resistance or material accumulation. The device structure is stable, and there is no risk of packing displacement or collapse during operation, ensuring stable material flow throughout the column. The rectification column body 1 is equipped with packing gates 4 at the positions corresponding to each packing layer, which can be quickly opened to replace aging packing or catalyst. The discharge gate 22 facilitates the unloading of multiple packing layers and can clean residual waste packing, reaction by-products, or scale in the column. During maintenance, the discharge gate can efficiently discharge the material remaining in the column, reducing the difficulty and intensity of cleaning inside the column, shortening downtime for maintenance, and ensuring the continuity of industrial continuous production.

[0031] The advantages of this application are: 1. By setting up a feeding assembly, the raw material is conveyed through the feeding pipe 21. The heat-conducting layer 28 tightly wraps the feeding pipe 21, and the outer heat insulation layer 27 can effectively reduce the heat loss to the internal environment of the tower and avoid the temperature field disorder in the tower. The electric heating tube 26 wrapped on the heat-conducting layer 28 preheats the raw material in the feeding pipe 21 evenly, so that the raw material temperature approaches the reaction start temperature in advance. The preheating process has low energy consumption and the raw material temperature is uniform and stable, avoiding the cold raw material entering the reaction layer and causing a sudden drop in local temperature, thus ensuring the smooth start of the catalytic reaction. 2. The preheated raw material is diverted through the feed pipe 21 to multiple equally spaced guide pipes 8. The upward tilt of the guide pipes 8 guides the material to diffuse towards the center of the reaction layer, avoiding direct impact of the material on the tower wall and resulting in wasted wall flow. The dual-fluid atomizing nozzle 20 at the end of the guide pipe 8 atomizes the raw material into fine and uniform droplets. The atomization process significantly increases the gas-liquid contact area, providing a good mass transfer basis for subsequent catalytic reactions and reducing side reactions caused by local raw material enrichment or insufficient additives.

[0032] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus, comprising a distillation column body (1), characterized in that: The interior of the distillation column body (1) is provided with a distillation layer, a reaction layer and a stripping layer from top to bottom. The distillation layer is provided with a first packing layer (3) and a second packing layer (6). The reaction layer is provided with a third packing layer (19) and a fourth packing layer (18). The stripping layer is provided with a fifth packing layer (16) and a sixth packing layer (15). A feed assembly is provided between the distillation layer and the reaction layer. The feed assembly includes a feed pipe (21), a guide pipe (8), and a dual-fluid atomizing nozzle (20). The feed pipe (21) is provided inside the distillation column body (1). Multiple guide pipes (8) are connected to opposite sides of the feed pipe (21) at equal intervals. The multiple guide pipes (8) are all arranged with one side inclined upward and the other side inclined downward. A dual-fluid atomizing nozzle with an upward opening is provided at the end of each of the multiple guide pipes (8). 20), the feed pipe (21) is covered with a shell (29), the inside of the shell (29) is provided with a heat insulation layer (27) and a heat conduction layer (28), the heat insulation layer is provided on the inner wall of the shell, the heat conduction layer (28) is sleeved on the outer surface of the feed pipe (21), an electric heating tube (26) is provided between the heat insulation layer (27) and the heat conduction layer (28), the electric heating tube (26) is wound on the heat conduction layer (28), and both ends of the electric heating tube (26) extend to the outside of the shell (29).

2. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the distillation column body (1) is provided with three support grids, namely the first support grid (7), the second support grid (11), and the third support grid (13), which are respectively distributed below the distillation layer, the reaction layer, and the stripping layer.

3. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distillation layer is provided with a first packing layer (3), a liquid redistributor A (5), and a second packing layer (6) from top to bottom.

4. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction layer is provided with a third packing layer (19), an airflow distributor (10) and a fourth packing layer (18) from top to bottom.

5. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stripping layer is provided with a reaction product distributor (17), a fifth packing layer (16), a liquid redistributor B (12), and a sixth packing layer (15) from top to bottom.

6. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first packing layer (3) and the second packing layer (6) are both made of corrugated metal packing, the third packing layer (19) and the fourth packing layer (18) are both made of rare earth composite catalysts, and the fifth packing layer (16) and the sixth packing layer (15) are both made of saddle-shaped metal packing.

7. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: A temperature controller (9) is installed inside the third packing layer (19).

8. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distillation column body (1) is provided with an outlet pipe (24) at the top, a liquid outlet pipe (14) at the bottom, and an inlet pipe (25) at the lower part of the side wall of the distillation column body (1).

9. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reflux pipe (2) is fixedly installed inside the distillation column body (1). The reflux pipe (2) is located above the first packing layer. One end of the reflux pipe (2) extends into the distillation column body (1) and connects to multiple nozzles (23). The other end of the reflux pipe (2) extends to the outside of the distillation column body (1).

10. The high-efficiency α-olefin synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distillation column body (1) is provided with packing gates (4) at the upper end of the side walls of the first packing layer (3), the second packing layer (6), the third packing layer (19), the fourth packing layer (18), the fifth packing layer (16) and the sixth packing layer (15), and is provided with discharge gates (22) at the lower end of the side walls of the first packing layer (3), the second packing layer (6), the third packing layer (19), the fourth packing layer (18), the fifth packing layer (16) and the sixth packing layer (15).

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