A pre-treatment laser marking machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of pre-treatment laser marking machines, belong to circuit board processing technical field, comprising: workbench, workbench is equipped with conveying roller and first support frame, workbench brim is equipped with second support frame, there is the beam of up and down adjustable on second support frame and first vision camera;Y-axis mechanism is equipped on first support frame, vertically movable Z-axis mechanism is equipped on Y-axis mechanism, there is second vision camera and laser head marking assembly on Z-axis mechanism;Workbench is also equipped with limit post, adjustable support foot and universal wheel in bottom part.The utility model is positioned by double vision cooperation, multi-axis linkage adjustment is adjusted, and marking precision and flexibility are improved, adapt to multi-specification circuit board, guarantee equipment stable operation, solve the problem such as existing equipment positioning difference, weak flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of circuit board processing technology, and in particular to a pre-processing laser marking machine. Background Technology

[0002] Circuit boards are the basic structure used to carry circuits in modern electronic devices. To distinguish circuit boards, they can be marked, for example, by ink printing or laser marking.

[0003] As the core structural element carrying circuits in modern electronic devices, circuit boards typically require specific markings on their surface during production to facilitate product traceability, model differentiation, and functional identification. Currently, the two most common marking methods in the industry are ink printing and laser marking.

[0004] Among these methods, ink printing suffers from problems such as easy wear and tear on the markings, poor corrosion resistance, and low printing accuracy, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-precision and long-life applications. Laser marking, on the other hand, has gradually become the mainstream choice for circuit board marking due to its advantages of permanent and clear markings, high precision, and no consumable pollution. However, existing laser marking equipment still has many shortcomings when applied to circuit board pre-processing marking operations: (1) Insufficient positioning accuracy: Existing equipment mostly relies on manual auxiliary positioning or simple mechanical limit, which cannot accurately identify and correct the actual position and angle deviation of the circuit board, resulting in the marking position deviation. Especially for circuit boards with slight size differences in mass production, the scrap rate is high.

[0005] (2) Poor marking flexibility: The laser head's angle and height are limited, making it impossible to flexibly adapt to the marking requirements of different areas on the circuit board surface (such as edges and protrusions), and markings in some special locations are difficult to form clearly.

[0006] (3) Weak equipment adaptability: Different specifications of circuit boards (such as size and thickness differences) require frequent manual adjustment of the equipment structure (such as conveying height and limit position). The adjustment process is cumbersome and time-consuming, which affects production efficiency. In addition, the equipment lacks a stable horizontal adjustment mechanism, which can easily lead to conveying tilt when the workshop floor is uneven, further affecting the marking accuracy.

[0007] (4) Insufficient visual coordination: Although some devices are equipped with a single vision camera, they can only achieve single-dimensional position detection and cannot form a linkage correction with the laser head. They cannot provide real-time feedback on the positioning deviation before marking and guide the laser head to make dynamic adjustments, making it difficult to meet the high-precision marking requirements.

[0008] These problems not only reduce the efficiency and quality of circuit board marking operations, but also increase production costs, hindering the development of automation and high precision in the circuit board processing industry; therefore, this application proposes a pre-processing laser marking machine that at least partially solves the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0009] In view of the above problems, this utility model proposes an embodiment to provide a pre-processing laser marking machine that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems. It is suitable for precise positioning and efficient marking pre-processing operations during circuit board production, and can be widely used in consumer electronics, industrial control, automotive electronics, and other fields involving circuit board manufacturing.

[0010] To address the aforementioned issues, this utility model discloses a pre-processing laser marking machine, comprising: a worktable with a conveying roller for conveying circuit boards, and a first support frame located at the upper end of the conveying roller; The workbench is provided with a second support frame along its edge; the second support frame is provided with a crossbeam that can be adjusted up and down relative to the second support frame; a first vision camera is provided at the end of the crossbeam. The first support frame has a Y-axis mechanism, the movement direction of which is perpendicular to the conveying roller; the Y-axis mechanism is provided with a vertically movable Z-axis mechanism; the Z-axis mechanism is provided with a second vision camera and a laser head marking assembly.

[0011] Optionally, the Y-axis mechanism includes: a first lead screw disposed on the first support frame and first slide rails located on both sides of the first lead screw; The L-shaped support frame has its bottom connected to the first lead screw via a first lead block and slidably connected to the first slide rail via a first slider; the end of the first lead screw is connected to a first servo motor. The Z-axis mechanism is mounted on the L-shaped support frame.

[0012] Optionally, the Z-axis mechanism includes: A second slide rail and a second lead screw are vertically mounted on the L-shaped support frame; The L-shaped plate is connected to the second lead screw via a second lead block and slidably connected to the second slide rail via a second slider; a second servo motor is connected to the end of the second lead screw. The second vision camera and laser head marking assembly are mounted on the L-shaped plate.

[0013] Optionally, the laser head marking assembly includes: a drive assembly connected to the Z-axis mechanism; The laser head is rotatably connected to the end of the drive assembly.

[0014] Optionally, the L-shaped plate is further provided with a swing adjustment component; The second vision camera is connected to the oscillating adjustment component.

[0015] Optionally, the second support frame includes two support columns perpendicular to the edge of the workbench; The crossbeam is connected to the support column via an adjustable connector; The crossbeam is provided with an extension toward the inside of the workbench; The first visual camera is mounted on the extension.

[0016] Optionally, a limiting post is provided on the worktable near its edge, and the limiting post is higher than the height of the conveying roller.

[0017] Optionally, the workbench is also provided with adjustable support feet at the four corners of its bottom, and each support foot is also provided with a caster wheel next to it.

[0018] This invention offers the following advantages: A worktable is provided with a conveyor roller for transporting circuit boards, and a first support frame located above the conveyor roller; a second support frame is provided along the edge of the worktable; a crossbeam that can be adjusted vertically relative to the second support frame is provided on the second support frame; a first vision camera is provided at the end of the crossbeam; a Y-axis mechanism of the first support frame is provided, the movement direction of the Y-axis mechanism being perpendicular to the conveyor roller; a vertically movable Z-axis mechanism is provided on the Y-axis mechanism; and a second vision camera and a laser head marking assembly are provided on the Z-axis mechanism. The first vision camera enables preliminary detection of the overall position of the circuit board, while the second vision camera, combined with a gyratory adjustment component, achieves precise local positioning and angle correction. The dual cameras work together to identify the positional deviation of the circuit board in real time, guiding the Y-axis, Z-axis mechanisms, and laser head to make dynamic adjustments, effectively avoiding marking offset and improving the marking position accuracy to within ±0.05mm. The Y-axis mechanism enables horizontal movement of the laser head and second vision camera along a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction, while the Z-axis mechanism allows for vertical height adjustment. The drive assembly rotates the laser head around the Y-axis, adapting to marking requirements in different areas and at different angles on circuit boards. For example, for protruding edges on circuit boards, the laser head angle can be adjusted to a 45° tilt to ensure clear and complete markings. The crossbeam is adjustable vertically via adjustable connectors to accommodate circuit boards of varying thicknesses. Limiting posts restrict lateral offset during circuit board transport, working in conjunction with conveyor rollers for stable delivery. Adjustable support feet at the bottom address uneven workshop floors, ensuring equipment level, while casters facilitate equipment movement and layout adjustments, making it suitable for mass production of multi-specification circuit boards. Both the Y-axis and Z-axis mechanisms utilize servo motors coupled with lead screws and slide rails for smooth operation and high positioning accuracy, avoiding errors caused by mechanical transmission backlash. This also enables automated control, reducing manual intervention and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a pre-processing laser marking machine according to this utility model; Figure 2 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a pre-processing laser marking machine according to this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] This utility model provides an embodiment of a pre-processing laser marking machine, such as... Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the specific components may include: a workbench 101, on which a conveyor roller 102 for conveying circuit boards is provided, and a first support frame 103 located at the upper end of the conveyor roller 102; a second support frame 104 is provided along the edge of the workbench 101; a crossbeam 105 is provided on the second support frame 104 and is adjustable up and down relative to the second support frame 104; a first vision camera 107 is provided at the end of the crossbeam 105; a Y-axis mechanism of the first support frame 103, the movement direction of the Y-axis mechanism being perpendicular to the conveyor roller 102; a vertically movable Z-axis mechanism is provided on the Y-axis mechanism; and a second vision camera 304 and a laser head marking assembly are provided on the Z-axis mechanism.

[0022] The circuit board is automatically transported by the conveyor roller 102, eliminating the need for manual handling, reducing human intervention, and improving work efficiency. The first vision camera 107 and the second vision camera 304 work together to achieve overall and local positioning, respectively, providing a precise position reference for laser head marking and avoiding marking deviation. The Y-axis and Z-axis mechanisms drive the laser head and the second vision camera to move flexibly, adapting to the marking needs of different positions. By integrating conveying, positioning, and marking functions, integrated operation is achieved.

[0023] Each component (such as the first support frame 103, the second support frame 104, and the Y-axis mechanism) is relatively independent and easy to disassemble and assemble. If the vision camera or laser head needs to be replaced in the future, there is no need to make major modifications to the overall structure, reducing maintenance costs and upgrade difficulty. The modular design of the above structure facilitates maintenance and upgrades.

[0024] For example, in a circuit board manufacturing company, FR-4 circuit boards with dimensions of 300mm×200mm are processed using a pre-processing laser marking machine. The circuit boards are automatically transported by a conveyor roller 102 at a speed of 1m / min. The first vision camera 107 identifies the overall positional deviation of the circuit board (e.g., a 5mm offset), and the second vision camera 304 further locates the marking target point (with a deviation of 0.2mm). After the Y-axis mechanism moves the laser head by 5mm and the Z-axis mechanism finely adjusts the height by 2mm, the laser head 302 accurately completes the QR code marking. The marking positional deviation is controlled within ±0.05mm. Compared with traditional manual positioning equipment, the efficiency is increased by 30%, and the scrap rate is reduced from 5% to 0.5%.

[0025] Furthermore, the Y-axis mechanism includes: a first lead screw 203 disposed on the first support frame 103 and a first slide rail 202 located on both sides of the first lead screw 203; an L-shaped support frame 201, the bottom of which is connected to the first lead screw 203 via a first lead block, and is slidably connected to the first slide rail 202 via a first slider 204; a first servo motor is connected to the end of the first lead screw 203; and the Z-axis mechanism is disposed on the L-shaped support frame 201.

[0026] The aforementioned servo drive, combined with the lead screw and slide rails, improves the accuracy and stability of Y-axis movement. Specifically, the first servo motor drives the first lead screw 203 to rotate, which in turn moves the L-shaped support frame 201 via a lead block. The lead screw drive has the advantages of small transmission backlash and high positioning accuracy. The two first slide rails 202 on both sides guide and support the L-shaped support frame 201, preventing swaying or deviation during movement and ensuring smooth movement in the Y-axis direction. The positioning error can be controlled within ±0.02mm. The two first slide rails 202 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first lead screw 203, which can evenly distribute the weight of the L-shaped support frame 201, the Z-axis mechanism, and the laser head 302, avoiding wear or deformation caused by excessive force on a single slide rail and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0027] Furthermore, the Z-axis mechanism includes: a second slide rail 205 and a second lead screw (not shown in the figure) vertically arranged on the L-shaped support frame 201; an L-shaped plate 207, which is connected to the second lead screw via a second lead block and slidably connected to the second slide rail 205 via a second slider 206; a second servo motor is connected to the end of the second lead screw; and the second vision camera 304 and laser head marking assembly are arranged on the L-shaped plate 207.

[0028] Independent Z-axis adjustment adapts to different circuit board thicknesses and marking depth requirements: A second servo motor drives a second lead screw, moving the L-shaped plate up and down. The distance between the laser head and the circuit board surface can be adjusted according to the circuit board thickness (e.g., 1mm, 5mm, 10mm) to ensure laser focusing accuracy. Simultaneously, the laser marking depth can be changed by adjusting the Z-axis height (e.g., 0.01mm shallow marking for identification, 0.1mm deep marking for traceability), meeting different marking process requirements. A combination of slide rail guidance and servo control ensures stable vertical movement. Specifically, the second slide rail provides vertical guidance for the L-shaped plate, preventing lateral deviation during movement; the second servo motor precisely controls the speed and angle, enabling fine-tuning of the Z-axis height (e.g., 0.01mm increments), ensuring the laser head height accurately matches the marking requirements.

[0029] Furthermore, the laser head marking assembly includes: a drive assembly 301 connected to the Z-axis mechanism, the drive assembly 301 being disposed on the L-shaped plate 207; and a laser head 302 rotatably connected to the end of the drive assembly 301 (the laser head 302 is axially connected to the drive assembly 301 and driven by the drive assembly 301, enabling it to rotate and adjust around the Y-axis based on the drive assembly 301).

[0030] The laser head 302 can rotate around the Y-axis, enhancing marking flexibility. Specifically, the aforementioned drive component 301 drives the laser head 302 to rotate, changing the incident angle of the laser beam to adapt to marking requirements of special locations on the circuit board (such as edge protrusions or stepped surfaces), avoiding problems such as blurred markings or inability to mark due to improper angles. For example, through the aforementioned axial connection and drive component control, rotational accuracy and stability are ensured. The laser head 302 and drive component 301 are axially connected, resulting in high coaxiality of transmission, making it less prone to eccentric deviation during rotation. The drive component 301 (such as a servo rotary motor) can precisely control the rotation angle (±0.1°), ensuring consistent angle adjustments each time and guaranteeing consistency in batch marking.

[0031] The L-shaped plate 207 is also equipped with a swing adjustment component 303; the second vision camera 304 is connected to the swing adjustment component 303 and is used to adjust the second vision camera 304 around the Y-axis. The angle of the second vision camera 304 is adjustable, improving local positioning accuracy. Specifically, by adjusting the angle of the second vision camera around the Y-axis through the swing adjustment component 303, the angular deviation of the circuit board during transportation (such as a 2° tilt) can be corrected, ensuring that the second vision camera 304 is always directly facing the marking target point, the acquired image is distortion-free, the positioning data is more accurate, and a more reliable position reference is provided for laser head marking. The swing adjustment component 303 can be adjusted manually or electrically (according to the actual design), and the operation is simple. For circuit boards with slight posture differences in mass production, there is no need to adjust the transportation structure; precise positioning can be achieved simply by adjusting the camera angle, reducing operational complexity.

[0032] Furthermore, the second support frame 104 includes two support columns perpendicular to the edge of the worktable 101; the crossbeam 105 is connected to the support columns via an adjustable connector 106; the crossbeam 105 has an extension facing the inner side of the worktable 101; the first vision camera 107 is mounted on the extension 107. By adjusting the height of the crossbeam using the adjustable connector (such as a sliding sleeve and a locking bolt), the distance between the first vision camera 107 and the surface of the conveyor roller 102 can be changed, ensuring that the first vision camera 107 can clearly focus on circuit boards of different thicknesses (such as 1mm and 10mm), capturing high-quality overall images and avoiding positioning deviations caused by improper focus. The extension 107 of the crossbeam 105 faces the inner side of the worktable 101, bringing the first vision camera 107 closer to the center area of ​​the conveyor roller 102, and the shooting range can cover the entire conveying width, avoiding the problem of edge circuit boards not being captured or being captured incompletely due to excessive camera position, ensuring that all circuit boards can be accurately positioned.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, a limiting post 108 is provided on the worktable 101 near its edge, and the limiting post 108 is higher than the height of the conveying roller 102. The limiting post 108, being higher than the conveying roller 102, can provide lateral obstruction for the circuit board during conveying, preventing lateral slippage (e.g., a 3mm offset) caused by uneven rotation speed of the conveying roller 102 or warping of the circuit board itself, ensuring that the circuit board is always conveyed along a preset path, providing a stable positional basis for subsequent positioning and marking. The limiting post 108 only needs to be fixedly installed on the edge of the worktable 101, eliminating the need for a complex drive structure and reducing manufacturing costs; it is made of wear-resistant material (such as nylon), and only a single limiting post 108 needs to be replaced after wear, making maintenance convenient and eliminating the need for long-term downtime for repairs.

[0034] Furthermore, the workbench 101 is equipped with adjustable support feet at its four corners, and each support foot is accompanied by a caster wheel. For example, if the workshop floor is uneven (e.g., a height difference of 5mm), adjusting the height of the four support feet can keep the workbench level, preventing inconsistent heights of the conveyor rollers due to equipment tilt (e.g., one side higher than the other), thus preventing jamming or shifting during circuit board transport and ensuring marking accuracy. When the workshop production line layout is adjusted, releasing the caster wheel brakes allows the equipment to be moved without the need for forklifts or other tools, saving manpower and time; once in position, locking the brakes, along with the support feet, ensures stable placement of the equipment, balancing mobility and stability.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, a pre-processing laser marking machine, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the specific structure includes a worktable 101, a conveyor roller 102, a first support frame 103, a second support frame 104, a crossbeam 105, a first vision camera 107, a Y-axis mechanism, a Z-axis mechanism, a second vision camera 304, and a laser head marking assembly. The connection relationships and functional implementations of each part are as follows: Firstly, the workbench and conveying structure specifically include: the workbench 101, which serves as the basic load-bearing component of the equipment, is made of stainless steel to ensure structural strength and corrosion resistance. Several conveying rollers 102 are evenly arranged along the length of the workbench 101. These rollers are driven by a motor (not shown in the figure) to automatically convey circuit boards along the length of the workbench. The conveying speed can be adjusted via a frequency converter, ranging from 0.5-2 m / min to adapt to different production rhythms. Two limiting posts 108 are symmetrically arranged near the edge of the workbench 101. These limiting posts 108 are made of wear-resistant plastic and are 5-10 mm higher than the surface of the conveying rollers 102. They limit lateral displacement of the circuit boards during conveying, preventing them from slipping off the conveying rollers 102 and ensuring conveying stability. Adjustable support feet (not shown in the figure) are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the workbench 101. The support feet adopt a threaded adjustment structure, and the height adjustment range is 10-50mm. It can be finely adjusted according to the flatness of the workshop floor to ensure that the workbench 101 is in a horizontal position and avoids conveying deviation and reduction in marking accuracy caused by equipment tilting. Each support foot is equipped with casters (not shown in the figure). The casters have a braking mechanism. When it is necessary to move the equipment, the brake can be released to push the equipment. After the equipment is in place, the brake is locked, which takes into account both the ease of movement and the stability of the equipment.

[0036] Secondly, the second support frame and the first vision camera specifically include: a second support frame 104 is vertically fixed to one of the long edges of the worktable 101. The second support frame 104 includes two high-strength aluminum alloy support columns, the spacing of which is adapted to the width of the worktable 101. The crossbeam 105 is made of rectangular aluminum alloy profile and is connected to the two support columns through an adjustable connector 106. The adjustable connector 106 is a sliding sleeve structure with locking bolts. Loosening the bolts allows the crossbeam 105 to slide up and down along the support columns, with an adjustment range of 300-800mm. After adjustment, the bolts are tightened to fix it, which can adapt to the inspection requirements of circuit boards of different thicknesses (such as 1-10mm). The crossbeam 105 extends towards the inside of the worktable 101 to form an extension (marked as 107 in the figure). The first vision camera 107 is fixedly installed at the end of the extension by bolts. The first vision camera 107 is a 2-megapixel industrial camera equipped with an 8mm focal length lens, with the shooting direction vertically downward, which can cover the entire conveying width of the conveyor roller 102. The first vision camera 107 is electrically connected to the equipment control system (not shown in the figure). It can acquire the overall image of the circuit board in real time during the transportation process, identify the edge position and overall offset of the circuit board, and transmit the data to the control system to provide basic data for subsequent positioning and correction.

[0037] Thirdly, the Y-axis mechanism, specifically, the first support frame 103 is a portal-shaped structure, spliced ​​from aluminum alloy profiles, spanning above the conveyor roller 102, with its crossbeam portion arranged along the width direction of the worktable 101 (i.e., perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor roller 102). The Y-axis mechanism is installed on the crossbeam portion of the first support frame 103, specifically including the first lead screw 203, the first slide rail 202, and the L-shaped support frame 201.

[0038] The first lead screw 203 is horizontally fixed below the crossbeam of the first support frame 103 via a bearing seat, with its axis aligned with the width of the worktable 101. One end of the first lead screw 203 is connected to a first servo motor (not shown in the figure) via a coupling. The first servo motor is a servo motor with a rated power of 100W and a rated speed of 3000rpm, capable of driving the first lead screw 203 to rotate in both directions. Two first slide rails 202 are arranged parallel and symmetrically on both sides of the first lead screw 203, and are fixed below the crossbeam of the first support frame 103 by bolts. The length of the slide rails is the same as that of the first lead screw 203. The L-shaped support frame 201 consists of a horizontal plate and a vertical plate. The bottom of the horizontal plate is fixed with a first threaded block and a first slider 204 by bolts. The first threaded block is threaded into the first lead screw 203, and the first slider 204 is slidably engaged with the first slide rail 202. When the first servo motor drives the first lead screw 203 to rotate, the first lead block drives the L-shaped support frame 201 to move smoothly along the first slide rail 202. The moving stroke is 0-500mm, and the positioning accuracy can reach ±0.02mm, realizing precise adjustment in the Y-axis direction.

[0039] Fourthly, the Z-axis mechanism, specifically, is installed on the outside of the vertical plate of the L-shaped support frame 201, including a second slide rail 205, a second lead screw (not shown in the figure), and an L-shaped plate 207. Two second slide rails 205 are parallel and symmetrically fixed vertically to the vertical plate of the L-shaped support frame 201. The second lead screw is vertically fixed between the two second slide rails 205 via bearing seats, and its upper end is connected to a second servo motor (not shown in the figure) via a coupling. The parameters of the second servo motor are the same as those of the first servo motor, and it can drive the second lead screw to rotate forward and backward. The L-shaped plate 207 consists of a vertical plate and a horizontal plate. A second lead block and a second slider 206 are fixed to the inner side of the vertical plate by bolts. The second lead block and the second lead screw are threaded together, and the second slider 206 is slidably engaged with the second slide rail 205. When the second servo motor drives the second lead screw to rotate, the second lead block drives the L-shaped plate 207 to move up and down along the second slide rail 205, with a travel distance of 0-300mm and a positioning accuracy of ±0.02mm, achieving precise adjustment in the Z-axis direction.

[0040] Fifth, the second vision camera and laser head marking assembly: Specifically, a swing adjustment component 304, a second vision camera 304, and a laser head marking assembly are sequentially installed below the horizontal plate of the L-shaped plate 207. The swing adjustment component 304 is a rotating shaft structure with angle scales, fixed to the L-shaped plate 207 by bolts. Its rotation axis is along the Y-axis. The second vision camera 304 is connected to the rotating end of the swing adjustment component 304 through a bracket, and can rotate around the Y-axis to adjust the angle. The adjustment range is -30° to +30°, and the adjustment accuracy is ±1°. The second vision camera 304 uses a 5-megapixel industrial camera equipped with a 12mm focal length lens, which can perform high-definition imaging of local areas of the circuit board (such as marking target points). Combined with the angle adjustment of the swing adjustment component 304, it can correct the angle deviation of the circuit board and transmit the positioning data to the control system to guide the Y-axis, Z-axis mechanisms, and laser head for adjustment. The laser head marking assembly includes a drive assembly 301 and a laser head 302. The drive assembly 301 is a servo rotary motor, fixed below the horizontal plate of the L-shaped plate 207 by a bracket. Its output shaft axis is along the Y-axis. The laser head 302 is connected to the output shaft of the drive assembly 301 via a coupling and can rotate around the Y-axis under the drive of the drive assembly 301. The rotation angle range is -45° to +45°, and the rotation accuracy is ±0.1°. The laser head 302 uses a fiber laser marking head with a wavelength of 1064nm, a marking speed of 0-1000mm / s, and a marking depth of 0.01-0.1mm. The laser parameters can be adjusted according to the circuit board material (such as FR-4, aluminum substrate) to achieve clear and permanent marking.

[0041] The workflow of the aforementioned pre-processing laser marking machine includes: Equipment debugging: Adjusting the height of the crossbeam 105 according to the specifications (thickness, size) of the circuit board to be processed, ensuring the first vision camera 107 is in focus; adjusting the spacing of the limiting posts 108 to match the width of the circuit board; adjusting the worktable 101 to a horizontal state using the adjustable support feet at the bottom. Positioning calibration: Starting the equipment, the conveyor roller 102 carries the circuit board into the marking area. The first vision camera 107 captures an overall image of the circuit board, identifies its overall offset, and transmits it to the control system. Subsequently, the Y-axis mechanism drives the second vision camera 304 to move above the circuit board. The second vision camera 304 captures local target point images, and, combined with the swing adjustment component 304, corrects the angle deviation, feeding back the precise positioning data to the control system. Laser marking: Based on the positioning data, the control system drives the Y-axis and Z-axis mechanisms to adjust the horizontal position and height of the laser head 302, while simultaneously driving the component 301 to adjust the angle of the laser head 302, aligning the laser head 302 with the marking position. The laser head 302 is then started, and marking is performed according to the preset marking pattern (such as a QR code or model identifier). Output completion: After marking is completed, the conveyor roller 102 transports the circuit board to the next process, and the equipment enters the next working cycle.

[0042] This embodiment, through the above structural design, achieves precise positioning, flexible adjustment, and stable operation of circuit board pretreatment marking, effectively solving the defects of existing equipment and improving production efficiency and product quality.

[0043] It should be noted that the second lead screw is a ball screw with a diameter of 16mm, a lead of 5mm, and is made of 40Cr steel. The surface is hardened (hardness HRC58-62) to improve wear resistance and transmission accuracy. Both ends of the second lead screw are fixed to bearing housings via deep groove ball bearings (model 6204). The bearing housings are connected to the vertical plate of the L-shaped support frame 201 by bolts, ensuring smooth rotation of the lead screw. The upper end of the second lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the second servo motor via a flexible coupling (model LKB-16C). The coupling has a radial deviation compensation of 0.1mm and an axial deviation compensation of 0.05mm, which eliminates installation misalignment between the motor and the lead screw, preventing transmission jamming or wear. The drive component 301 uses a servo rotary motor, model HG-KR13B (Mitsubishi Electric), with a rated power of 100W, a rated speed of 3000rpm, a rated torque of 0.32N・m, and a resolution of 131072p / rev, ensuring a rotation angle control accuracy of ±0.1°. The drive component 301 is connected to the equipment control system (using a PLC, model FX5U-32MT / ES) via an EtherCAT bus. The control system outputs pulse signals to control the rotation angle of the servo motor based on the angle deviation data transmitted by the second vision camera 304, achieving real-time angle correction of the laser head 302. The motor has a built-in braking function, which locks the laser head angle after power failure to prevent angle deviation caused by gravity.

[0044] In this application, dual-vision collaborative operation is employed, and the specific working logic includes: (a) Work sequence: Step 1: After the circuit board enters the conveyor roller 102, it triggers the photoelectric sensor (installed below the second support frame 104, model E3Z-LS63). The sensor sends a signal to the control system, which starts the first vision camera 107.

[0045] Step 2: The first vision camera 107 completes the overall image acquisition of the circuit board within 0.5 seconds, identifies the edge coordinates of the circuit board, calculates the overall offset (such as X-axis offset ΔX1, Y-axis offset ΔY1), and transmits the data to the control system, which takes 0.2 seconds.

[0046] Step 3: The control system drives the Y-axis mechanism to move ΔY1 according to ΔX1 and ΔY1, and the conveyor roller fine-tunes ΔX1 to initially position the circuit board to the marking area, which takes 1 second.

[0047] Step 4: Trigger the second vision camera 304 to work, acquire images of the target points, and identify the local offset (ΔX2, ΔY2) and angle deviation Δθ, which takes 0.3 seconds.

[0048] Step 5: The control system drives the Z-axis mechanism to make fine adjustments based on ΔX2 and ΔY2 (ΔX2 is compensated by the conveyor roller, and ΔY2 is compensated by the Y-axis mechanism). At the same time, it drives the gyratory adjustment component 305 to rotate Δθ to correct the camera angle, and drives the component 301 to rotate Δθ to adjust the laser head angle. The entire process takes 0.5 seconds to complete the positioning correction.

[0049] (ii) Data conflict handling: When the positioning data of the first vision camera and the second vision camera deviate by more than 0.5mm, the control system triggers an alarm, suspends the operation of the equipment, and displays the deviation data on the operation interface to prompt the operator to check the circuit board posture or camera parameters to avoid incorrect marking.

[0050] The aforementioned sliding sleeve can be made of aluminum alloy, with its inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the support column of the second support frame 104 (e.g., 50mm). The side wall of the sliding sleeve has a long, narrow slot (10mm wide, 200mm long) along its height for bolts to pass through. Hex socket head cap screws (M8×30) are used, which, after passing through the slot of the sliding sleeve, threadedly engage with the connecting block of the crossbeam 105. When the bolts are loosened, the sliding sleeve can slide up and down along the support column; when the bolts are tightened, the inner wall of the sliding sleeve fits tightly against the support column, thus fixing the crossbeam.

[0051] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0053] The above provides a detailed description of the pretreatment laser marking machine provided by this utility model. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of this utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A pre-processing laser marking machine, characterized in that, include: A workbench, on which a conveyor roller for conveying circuit boards is provided, and a first support frame located at the upper end of the conveyor roller; The workbench is provided with a second support frame along its edge; the second support frame is provided with a crossbeam that can be adjusted up and down relative to the second support frame; a first vision camera is provided at the end of the crossbeam. The first support frame has a Y-axis mechanism, the movement direction of which is perpendicular to the conveying roller; the Y-axis mechanism is provided with a vertically movable Z-axis mechanism; the Z-axis mechanism is provided with a second vision camera and a laser head marking assembly.

2. The pretreatment laser marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-axis mechanism includes: a first lead screw disposed on the first support frame and first slide rails located on both sides of the first lead screw; The L-shaped support frame has its bottom connected to the first lead screw via a first lead block and slidably connected to the first slide rail via a first slider; the end of the first lead screw is connected to a first servo motor. The Z-axis mechanism is mounted on the L-shaped support frame.

3. The pretreatment laser marking machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Z-axis mechanism includes: A second slide rail and a second lead screw are vertically mounted on the L-shaped support frame; The L-shaped plate is connected to the second lead screw via a second lead block and slidably connected to the second slide rail via a second slider; a second servo motor is connected to the end of the second lead screw. The second vision camera and laser head marking assembly are mounted on the L-shaped plate.

4. The pretreatment laser marking machine according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The laser head marking assembly includes: a drive assembly connected to the Z-axis mechanism; The laser head is rotatably connected to the end of the drive assembly.

5. The pretreatment laser marking machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The L-shaped plate is also equipped with a swing adjustment component; The second vision camera is connected to the oscillating adjustment component.

6. The pretreatment laser marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second support frame includes two support columns perpendicular to the edge of the workbench; The crossbeam is connected to the support column via an adjustable connector; The crossbeam has an extension facing the inside of the workbench; The first visual camera is mounted on the extension.

7. The pretreatment laser marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting post is also provided on the worktable near its edge, and the limiting post is higher than the height of the conveying roller.

8. The pretreatment laser marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench is also equipped with adjustable support feet at the four corners of its bottom, and each support foot is also equipped with a caster wheel next to it.

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