Four-axis numerical control line machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to numerical control machinery technical field discloses a four -axis numerical control line machine, including support column, support beam, X axle beam, sliding plate and electric push rod, still include the pivot subassembly fixed in the electric push rod push rod end, this pivot subassembly includes processing host computer, rotary speed reducer, planetary reducer and processing blade, the output of rotary speed reducer and the input of planetary reducer series transmission connection, in addition, Y axle linear guide rail and Y axle helical tooth of Y axle component are set up in the total -enclosed protective structure of oil immersion lubrication, three linear guide rails are fixed with and are equipped with two oil injection pipes on X axle beam. The utility model discloses through the above -mentioned structure, solved the problem of the rotation axis torque deficiency and transmission component in prior art under the harsh working condition easy abrasion, fourth axle output torque is big, and the processing is stable, and high -efficient processing high hardness material can be processed, and transmission component protection is good, and the whole machine precision is high, and the life is long.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machinery technology, and in particular to a four-axis CNC line drawing machine. Background Technology

[0002] CNC line cutting machines are commonly used equipment in the field of automated machining, especially in the processing of stone, wood, and other slab materials, where they are used to cut complex curves and lines. With technological advancements, three-axis line cutting machines have gradually evolved into four-axis line cutting machines. Four-axis CNC line cutting machines, by adding a rotary axis, often referred to as the fourth axis, allow the cutting tool to adjust its posture, thus enabling the processing of more complex curved surfaces or bevel cuts, improving processing flexibility and range.

[0003] However, in actual machining processes, especially when a four-axis cutting machine is used to cut high-hardness materials such as granite and marble, or when small-radius arc cuts are required, the cutting inserts experience enormous cutting resistance. This resistance not only acts on the linear feed axis but also places a tremendous load on the drive mechanism of the fourth rotary axis.

[0004] Existing four-axis cutting machines typically use a single reducer, such as a planetary reducer or a rotary reducer, to provide torque in their rotary axis design. This conventional design often proves insufficient in terms of output torque when dealing with the aforementioned high cutting resistance. Insufficient torque can cause the tool to stall during cutting, generate vibration, or experience machining instability, severely impacting machining quality and efficiency, and limiting the machine's ability to process complex curves with smaller arcs.

[0005] Therefore, this utility model proposes a four-axis CNC line drawing machine to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the problem that the existing four-axis CNC line cutting machine has insufficient output torque of the rotary axis, which makes it prone to vibration and unstable processing when cutting high-hardness materials or processing small-radius arcs, this utility model aims to provide a four-axis CNC line cutting machine with an improved structure that can effectively solve the above problems.

[0007] This utility model provides a four-axis CNC line drawing machine, including: a support column, a support beam fixedly connected to the top of the support column, an X-axis beam slidably connected to the support beam, a slide plate that can slide along the length direction of the X-axis beam, and an electric actuator fixed on the slide plate. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine also includes a rotating shaft assembly fixedly connected to the end of the electric linear actuator.

[0008] The rotating shaft assembly includes a machining host, a rotary reducer, a planetary reducer, and machining inserts; Furthermore, the input end of the rotary reducer is connected to the output end of the machining host, and the output end of the rotary reducer is connected to the input end of the planetary reducer. Through this series transmission structure, the rotary reducer and the planetary reducer are combined to achieve torque superposition and amplification. The machining blade is connected to the output end of the planetary reducer.

[0009] Preferably, the four-axis CNC line drawing machine further includes a Y-axis assembly, which is disposed between the support beam and the X-axis beam and is used to drive the X-axis beam to reciprocate along the length direction of the support beam.

[0010] Furthermore, the Y-axis assembly specifically includes a Y-axis linear guide rail and a Y-axis helical gear fixed on the support beam, as well as a Y-axis servo motor; the Y-axis servo motor is driven by a precision low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer to drive the X-axis beam to slide along the Y-axis linear guide rail through meshing with the Y-axis helical gear.

[0011] Preferably, to improve durability and operational stability, the Y-axis linear guide and the Y-axis helical gear are housed within a fully enclosed protective structure that enables oil-immersion lubrication. This protective structure isolates the precision transmission components from external dust and maintains continuous lubrication.

[0012] Preferably, the four-axis CNC line drawing machine further includes an X-axis servo motor, which drives the slide plate to move precisely along the length direction of the X-axis beam via a transmission mechanism composed of a precision helical gear and a high-precision, low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer.

[0013] Furthermore, to enhance the rigidity and guiding accuracy of the X-axis motion, three linear guide rails are fixed on the X-axis beam for the sliding plate to slide on; and the X-axis beam is also provided with two oil injection pipes connected to the three linear guide rails for automatic lubrication of the guide rails.

[0014] Preferably, the electric actuator, as the Z-axis actuator, uses a high-precision ball screw in its internal transmission structure and is driven by a precision low-backlash, high-hardness planetary gear reducer to ensure the smoothness and positioning accuracy of the lifting and lowering of the shaft assembly.

[0015] Preferably, the processing blade is a structure of two symmetrically arranged blades, with the geometric center of the two blades as the axis of rotation. This structural design helps to maintain dynamic balance and uniform processing dimensions during rotary cutting.

[0016] Preferably, to enhance the rigidity of the overall machine's basic frame, the four-axis CNC line cutting machine also includes multiple diagonal braces; the upper end of each diagonal brace is fixedly connected to the support beam, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the support column, forming a stable triangular support structure to suppress vibration during the processing.

[0017] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. This utility model solves the technical problem of insufficient output torque of the rotating shaft of the existing four-axis cutting machine, which leads to insufficient cutting force and unstable processing when machining hard materials or small-arc curves, by setting a structure in which a rotary reducer and a planetary reducer are connected in series in the rotating shaft assembly. It achieves the technical effect of significantly enhancing the output torque of the fourth axis, ensuring stable processing under large cutting volume, and efficiently processing high-hardness materials and complex small-arc lines.

[0018] 2. This utility model solves the technical problem that existing CNC equipment is prone to contamination and wear of its precision transmission components in high dust environments, resulting in decreased equipment accuracy and short service life. This is achieved by setting an oil-immersed fully enclosed protective structure for the linear guide rail and helical gear of the Y-axis, and setting an automatic oil injection pipe and fully enclosed protection for the linear guide rail of the X-axis. It effectively isolates dust, realizes continuous lubrication of key transmission components, and thus greatly improves the reliability, accuracy retention and service life of the equipment.

[0019] 3. This utility model, by adopting a gantry frame reinforced with diagonal bracing and equipping each motion axis with servo motors, high-precision low-backlash planetary gear reducers, and high-precision guide rails and other transmission components, solves the technical problem that some line cutting machines are prone to vibration under high-speed motion due to insufficient structural rigidity and low transmission chain precision, which affects processing accuracy and finished product quality. It achieves the technical effect of strong overall structural rigidity, high transmission precision, and fast dynamic response, and can ensure that the equipment can perform stable precision line cutting operations under high speed and high load conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a four-axis CNC line drawing machine proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft assembly of a four-axis CNC line drawing machine proposed in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the support beam of a four-axis CNC line drawing machine proposed in this utility model.

[0021] Legend: 1. Support column; 2. Support beam; 3. Diagonal brace; 4. Y-axis assembly; 401. Y-axis linear guide; 402. Y-axis servo motor; 403. Y-axis helical gear; 5. Oil injection pipe; 6. X-axis servo motor; 7. Rotary shaft assembly; 701. Rotary reducer; 702. Machining machine; 703. Planetary reducer; 704. Machining insert; 8. Electric linear actuator; 9. X-axis beam. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0023] Example: Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 This utility model provides a four-axis CNC line drawing machine, which aims to solve the problems of insufficient output torque of the rotating shaft of the existing four-axis CNC line drawing machine, resulting in unstable processing, and the transmission components being prone to wear under harsh working conditions.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the four-axis CNC line drawing machine includes a basic support component and a motion execution component. The basic support component consists of a support column 1, a support beam 2 fixedly connected to the top of the support column 1, and multiple diagonal braces 3. The upper ends of the multiple diagonal braces 3 are fixedly connected to the outside of the support beam 2, and their lower ends are fixedly connected to the side wall of the support column 1, together forming a frame for supporting the entire machine and ensuring processing stability. The motion execution component includes an X-axis beam 9 slidably connected to the support beam 2, and a machining assembly supported on the X-axis beam 9 that can realize multi-axis motion. Specifically, a sliding plate is slidably connected to the X-axis beam 9, the housing of the electric push rod 8 is fixed to the sliding plate, and the rotating shaft assembly 7 is fixedly connected to the push rod end of the electric push rod 8. The electric push rod 8 drives the rotating shaft assembly 7 to realize lifting and lowering motion along the Z-axis direction. Reference Figure 2 The rotating shaft assembly 7 is the core structure for realizing the rotation of the fourth axis and the output of high torque. It includes a machining host 702, a rotary reducer 701, a planetary reducer 703, and a machining insert 704. The machining host 702 serves as the original power source for the rotational motion, and its output end is connected to the input end of the rotary reducer 701. The output end of the rotary reducer 701 is coaxially connected to the input end of the planetary reducer 703. By connecting the rotary reducer 701 and the planetary reducer 703 in series, two-stage reduction and torque amplification are achieved, thereby providing a strong torque to the output end. Finally, the output end of the planetary reducer 703 is connected to and drives the machining insert 704 to perform rotary cutting. The machining insert 704 consists of two symmetrically arranged inserts with the geometric center of the two inserts as the axis of rotation.

[0025] To achieve high-precision multi-axis linkage, the motion execution components in this embodiment have specific structural fits and connection relationships. Please refer to them carefully. Figure 1 The structure of each motion axis is described in detail below: Movement in the Y-axis direction is achieved by the Y-axis assembly 4, which drives the X-axis beam 9 to move back and forth along the length of the support beam 2. The Y-axis assembly 4 includes a Y-axis linear guide 401 and a Y-axis helical gear 403 fixed on the support beam 2, as well as a Y-axis servo motor 402 that provides driving force. In the assembled state, the bottom surface of the X-axis beam 9 slides in contact with the Y-axis linear guide 401, and the Y-axis servo motor 402 drives the X-axis beam 9 through a precision low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer, so that the transmission gear on it meshes with the Y-axis helical gear 403. To enhance the reliability and lifespan of the equipment in dusty environments, both the Y-axis linear guide 401 and the Y-axis helical gear 403 are housed in a fully enclosed protective structure that enables oil immersion lubrication. Movement along the X-axis is achieved via the X-axis beam 9, which has three linear guide rails fixed on it. The aforementioned slide plate is slidably connected to these three linear guide rails to achieve precise guidance for left and right movement. To ensure lubrication and rigidity during long-term operation, the X-axis beam 9 is also equipped with two oil injection pipes 5 that are connected to the three linear guide rails for automatic oiling of the guide rails. The X-axis transmission mechanism is also equipped with fully enclosed protection. The driving force of the X-axis is provided by the X-axis servo motor 6, which is driven by a precision helical gear and a high-precision, low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer to drive the slide plate to reciprocate stably on the X-axis beam 9. The lifting and lowering in the Z-axis direction is powered by an electric actuator 8. The electric actuator 8 integrates a high-precision ball screw and is driven by a precision low-backlash, high-hardness planetary gear reducer. The slide plate itself adopts a high-rigidity structural design. This combination ensures the machining stroke and stability of the shaft assembly 7 during the lifting and lowering process.

[0026] Based on the above embodiments, the present invention may further include the following preferred technical solutions: As a preferred embodiment, the driving accuracy and durability of the Y-axis assembly 4 are particularly enhanced. The power of the Y-axis servo motor 402 is amplified and precisely transmitted through a precision low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer, thereby driving the X-axis beam 9 to mesh with the Y-axis helical gear 403. At the same time, in order to adapt to the high dust processing environment, the Y-axis linear guide 401 and the Y-axis helical gear 403 are set inside a fully enclosed protective structure that achieves oil immersion lubrication. This structure ensures continuous lubrication of the transmission components and complete isolation from external dust. As another preferred embodiment, the motion rigidity and lubrication of the X-axis have also been optimized. Three linear guide rails are fixed parallel to the length of the X-axis beam 9. The slide plate slides on these three linear guide rails to obtain highly stable support. In addition, the X-axis beam 9 is also equipped with two oil injection pipes 5, which are connected to the three linear guide rails to achieve automatic lubrication of the sliding surface of the guide rails. The X-axis is driven by the X-axis servo motor 6 through a precision helical gear and a high-precision low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer, ensuring smooth and precise left and right movements. As another preferred embodiment, the lifting structure of the Z-axis is also precisely designed. The internal transmission mechanism of the electric actuator 8 adopts a high-precision ball screw, and its power is transmitted through a precision low-backlash high-hardness planetary gear reducer, ensuring the micro-motion accuracy and load capacity of the machining host 702 during the lifting process. As a more preferred embodiment, in order to ensure the symmetry and stability of the machining, the machining blade 704 adopts a structure of two symmetrically arranged blades, and its rotational motion is centered on the geometric center of the two blades. Furthermore, to further enhance the basic rigidity of the entire machine, multiple diagonal braces 3 are fixedly connected between the support column 1 and the support beam 2. The upper end of the diagonal brace 3 is connected to the support beam 2, and its lower end is connected to the support column 1, forming a stable triangular support structure.

[0027] The working principle of this four-axis CNC line drawing machine is as follows: When the equipment receives a processing command, all motion axes work together. The Y-axis servo motor 402 in the Y-axis assembly 4 drives the X-axis beam 9 via a precision low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer, causing the X-axis beam 9 to move precisely back and forth along the Y-axis linear guide rail 401. At the same time, the X-axis servo motor 6 drives the slide plate via a precision helical gear and a high-precision low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer, causing the slide plate to move precisely left and right along the three linear guide rails on the X-axis beam 9. In the Z-axis direction, the high-precision ball screw built into the electric push rod 8 drives the rotating shaft assembly 7 to move precisely up and down under the transmission of its precision low-backlash high-hardness planetary gear reducer. Through the linkage of the X, Y, and Z linear axes, the processing blade 704 is quickly positioned to the spatial target point.

[0028] When performing line cutting, the machining host 702 inside the rotating shaft assembly 7 starts, and its power is transmitted sequentially to the rotary reducer 701 and the planetary reducer 703. Since the rotary reducer 701 and the planetary reducer 703 are connected in series, the torque is superimposed and amplified, and finally a huge driving torque is generated at the output end of the planetary reducer 703. This large torque drives the two symmetrically arranged machining blades 704 to rotate, which is sufficient to cope with the large cutting resistance generated when cutting hard materials. This ensures that the equipment remains stable and does not stall when processing small arc curves, thus fundamentally solving the problem of insufficient rotary shaft torque in the prior art.

[0029] Throughout the entire operation, the foundation frame, consisting of support column 1, support beam 2, and diagonal brace 3, provides solid structural rigidity, providing a stable foundation for all high-speed and high-precision movements. The Y-axis linear guide 401 and Y-axis helical gear 403 are housed within a fully enclosed protective structure that enables oil immersion lubrication. The three linear guides of the X-axis are automatically lubricated by two oil injection pipes 5, effectively solving the problem of easy wear of transmission components in dusty environments and significantly improving the reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0030] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A four-axis CNC line drawing machine, comprising: Support column (1); A support beam (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the support column (1); X-axis beam (9) is slidably connected to the support beam (2); A sliding plate that can slide along the length of the X-axis beam (9); Electric actuator (8) fixed on the slide plate; The four-axis CNC line drawing machine is characterized in that it further includes a rotating shaft assembly (7) fixedly connected to the push rod end of the electric push rod (8). The rotating shaft assembly (7) includes a machining host (702), a rotary reducer (701), a planetary reducer (703), and a machining insert (704). The input end of the rotary reducer (701) is connected to the output end of the machining host (702), the output end of the rotary reducer (701) is connected to the input end of the planetary reducer (703), and the machining insert (704) is connected to the output end of the planetary reducer (703).

2. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a Y-axis assembly (4) for driving the X-axis beam (9) to move along the length of the support beam (2).

3. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Y-axis assembly (4) includes a Y-axis linear guide (401) and a Y-axis helical gear (403) fixed on the support beam (2), and a Y-axis servo motor (402). The Y-axis servo motor (402) drives the X-axis beam (9) to mesh with the Y-axis helical gear (403) via a precision low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer.

4. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Y-axis linear guide (401) and the Y-axis helical gear (403) are housed within a fully enclosed protective structure that enables oil immersion lubrication.

5. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an X-axis servo motor (6), which drives the slide plate to move along the length direction of the X-axis beam (9) via a precision helical gear and a high-precision low-backlash planetary high-hardness gear reducer.

6. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, Three linear guide rails are fixed on the X-axis beam (9), and two oil injection pipes (5) connected to the three linear guide rails are provided on the X-axis beam (9).

7. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric actuator (8) has a built-in high-precision ball screw and is driven by a precision low-backlash, high-hardness planetary gear reducer.

8. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machining blade (704) consists of two symmetrically arranged blades, with the geometric center of the two blades as the axis of rotation.

9. The four-axis CNC line drawing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple diagonal braces (3), the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the support beam (2), and the lower end of which is fixedly connected to the support column (1).

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