Long tube thin-walled part machining tooling
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522307637.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-31
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本申请的目的在于提供一种长筒薄壁零件加工工装，以解决现有技术中存在的长筒薄壁零件加工难以满足需求的技术问题
[0016]通过这种方式，第一承载结构与第二承载结构均适配零件外壁，且保持同轴布置，有效避免了局部应力集中导致的椭圆度超差。同时通过两端承载结构的全长适配满足长筒零件的定位需求，大幅降低两端定位偏差，定位精度可媲美复杂精密工装。而工装整体仅由四个核心部件组成，结构简单无需液压气动驱动系统，制造成本远低于复杂精密工装。装配调试仅需完成定位板与定位件的固定及同轴校准，操作流程便捷，调试时间短，以使该简易工装具有低成本与易操作的特点，满足生产需求。
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Figure CN224795195U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of machining technology, and more specifically, relates to a tooling for machining long, thin-walled cylindrical parts. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, positioning fixtures for long, thin-walled cylindrical parts are mainly divided into two categories. The first category is complex precision positioning fixtures, which typically employ multi-point linkage clamping mechanisms, hydraulic and pneumatic drive systems, and precision positioning reference surface designs. Some also integrate online deformation monitoring modules. This type of fixture can control part deformation through multi-point uniform force application, achieving high positioning accuracy and meeting the processing requirements of high-end parts. However, this method has a complex structure, resulting in manufacturing costs several times higher than ordinary fixtures. It also has a long assembly and debugging cycle, cumbersome operation procedures, high maintenance costs, and the hydraulic and pneumatic systems are prone to leakage failures, affecting production continuity.
[0003] The second type is simple positioning fixtures, mainly consisting of basic positioning components such as a three-jaw chuck, elastic expansion sleeve, and positioning pins. These fixtures are simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, easy to operate, and require short debugging time, making them suitable for small to medium batch production of parts with low precision requirements. However, the positioning principle of this type of fixture has inherent flaws: the three-jaw chuck, through three-point clamping, is prone to localized stress concentration, leading to excessive ellipticity in the parts; the elastic expansion sleeve has poor uniformity of tension force, making it unsuitable for the full-length positioning requirements of long cylindrical parts, and prone to positioning deviations at both ends. Therefore, developing a positioning fixture for long, thin-walled cylindrical parts that balances high precision, ease of operation, and low cost has become a pressing technical problem for the industry. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts, so as to solve the technical problem that the machining of long cylindrical thin-walled parts in the prior art is difficult to meet the requirements.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a machining fixture for long, thin-walled cylindrical parts, comprising: Positioning plate, used for fixed installation on machine tools; The first positioning component is fixedly installed at one end of the positioning plate; the first positioning component is provided with a first bearing structure adapted to one end of the outer wall of the part to be processed and a fixing structure for fixing the part to be processed, the fixing structure being used to connect with the part to be processed. The second positioning component is fixedly installed on the other end of the positioning plate and is arranged at a distance from the first positioning component; the second positioning component is provided with a second bearing structure for adapting to the other end of the outer wall of the part to be processed, and the second bearing structure is arranged coaxially with the first bearing structure. A positioning cover is installed on the second positioning member from top to bottom, and the positioning cover is provided with a limiting structure that is connected to the second bearing structure to limit the part to be processed; the positioning cover and the second positioning member are detachably connected.
[0006] In one possible implementation, the first bearing structure, the second bearing structure, and the limiting structure are all semi-circular grooves, and the three semi-circular grooves respectively penetrate the first positioning member, the second positioning member, and the positioning cover.
[0007] In one possible implementation, the first positioning element, the second positioning element, and the positioning cover are all U-shaped plates.
[0008] In one possible implementation, the first positioning member is provided with two extension blocks located on both sides of the first bearing structure, and the distance between the two extension blocks is equal to the diameter of the first bearing structure.
[0009] In one possible implementation, the fixing structure is a plurality of threaded holes arranged around the first bearing structure, and the threaded holes are located on the side of the first positioning member away from the second positioning member.
[0010] In one possible implementation, the machining fixture for the long cylindrical thin-walled part further includes two sets of reinforcing ribs, which are respectively installed between the first positioning member and the positioning plate, and between the second positioning member and the positioning plate.
[0011] In one possible implementation, the lower end of the positioning plate is provided with several elongated grooves.
[0012] In one possible implementation, the long cylindrical thin-walled part processing fixture further includes an elastic positioning block fixedly installed on the positioning plate. The elastic positioning block is located on the side of the first positioning member away from the second positioning member, or on the side of the second positioning member away from the first positioning member. The part of the part to be processed that extends beyond the first positioning member or the second positioning member acts on the elastic positioning block from top to bottom.
[0013] In one possible implementation, the elastic positioning block includes a main block, a receiving groove formed at the upper end of the main block, and an elastic body installed in the receiving groove, wherein the length of the elastic body is greater than the depth of the receiving groove.
[0014] In one possible implementation, one side of the main block is abutted against the first positioning member or the second positioning member, and the main block is also provided with a plurality of side limiting plates arranged circumferentially along the upper end face of the main block, and the plurality of side limiting plates and the side of the first positioning member or the second positioning member form a limiting cavity.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts in this application achieves reliable positioning through the coordinated cooperation of a positioning plate, a first positioning element, a second positioning element, and a positioning cover. In use, the positioning plate is first fixedly installed on the machine tool, providing a stable installation reference for the entire fixture. Then, the first positioning element is fixed to one end of the positioning plate, and the second positioning element is fixed to the other end of the positioning plate and arranged at a distance from the first positioning element, ensuring that the first and second bearing structures of both are coaxially aligned. During operation, the two ends of the long cylindrical thin-walled part to be processed are respectively placed into the first bearing structure of the first positioning element and the second bearing structure of the second positioning element. One end is fixed by the fixing structure on the first positioning element and the part, while the other end is supported by the adaptability of the second bearing structure to the outer wall of the part. The positioning cover is then installed on the second positioning element from top to bottom, and the limiting structure on the positioning cover connects with the second bearing structure to limit and fix the other end of the part, completing the entire positioning process. The positioning cover and the second positioning component are detachably connected, which facilitates the quick loading and unloading of parts and the debugging and maintenance of tooling.
[0016] In this way, both the first and second load-bearing structures are adapted to the outer wall of the part and maintain a coaxial arrangement, effectively avoiding ellipticity deviations caused by local stress concentration. Simultaneously, the full-length adaptation of the load-bearing structures at both ends meets the positioning requirements of long cylindrical parts, significantly reducing positioning deviations at both ends, achieving positioning accuracy comparable to complex precision tooling. The entire tooling consists of only four core components, with a simple structure requiring no hydraulic or pneumatic drive system, resulting in a manufacturing cost far lower than complex precision tooling. Assembly and debugging only require fixing the positioning plate and positioning components and coaxial calibration, making the operation process convenient and the debugging time short. This simple tooling is characterized by low cost and ease of operation, meeting production needs. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a front view of the machining fixture for a long, thin-walled part provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the elastic positioning block and the first positioning element provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0019] The following are the labeling elements in the figure: 10. Positioning plate; 11. Long groove; 20. First positioning component; 21. First load-bearing structure; 22. Fixing structure; 23. Extension block; 30. Second positioning component; 31. Second load-bearing structure; 40. Positioning cover; 41. Limiting structure; 50. Reinforcing rib; 60. Elastic positioning block; 61. Main block; 62. Receiving groove; 63. Elastic body; 64. Side limiting plate; 65. Limiting cavity. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0021] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.
[0022] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0024] Please see Figures 1 to 3The tooling for machining long, thin-walled parts provided in this application will now be described. A machining fixture for long, thin-walled cylindrical parts includes a positioning plate 10, a first positioning element 20, a second positioning element 30, and a positioning cover 40. The positioning plate 10 is fixedly mounted on a machine tool. The first positioning element 20 is fixedly mounted on one end of the positioning plate 10. The first positioning element 20 is provided with a first bearing structure 21 adapted to one end of the outer wall of the part to be machined and a fixing structure 22 for fixing the part to be machined. The fixing structure 22 is used to connect with the part to be machined. The second positioning element 30 is fixedly mounted on the other end of the positioning plate 10 and is arranged opposite to the first positioning element 20 at a distance. The second positioning element 30 is provided with a second bearing structure 31 adapted to the other end of the outer wall of the part to be machined, and the second bearing structure 31 is coaxially arranged with the first bearing structure 21. The positioning cover 40 is mounted on the second positioning element 30 from top to bottom, and the positioning cover 40 is provided with a limiting structure 41 that connects with the second bearing structure 31 to limit the part to be machined. The positioning cover 40 and the second positioning element 30 are detachably connected.
[0025] The machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts provided in this application, compared with the prior art, achieves reliable positioning through the coordinated cooperation of the positioning plate 10, the first positioning element 20, the second positioning element 30, and the positioning cover 40. In use, the positioning plate 10 is first fixedly installed on the machine tool, providing a stable installation reference for the entire fixture. Then, the first positioning element 20 is fixed to one end of the positioning plate 10, and the second positioning element 30 is fixed to the other end of the positioning plate 10, arranged at a distance from the first positioning element 20, ensuring that the first bearing structure 21 and the second bearing structure 31 are coaxially aligned. During operation, the two ends of the long, thin-walled cylindrical part to be processed are first placed into the first bearing structure 21 of the first positioning member 20 and the second bearing structure 31 of the second positioning member 30, respectively. One end is fixed by the fixing structure 22 on the first positioning member 20, which aligns with the part. The other end is supported by the adaptability of the second bearing structure 31 to the outer wall of the part. The positioning cover 40 is then installed on the second positioning member 30 from top to bottom. The limiting structure 41 on the positioning cover 40 aligns with the second bearing structure 31, thus limiting and fixing the other end of the part, completing the entire positioning process. The positioning cover 40 and the second positioning member 30 are detachably connected, facilitating quick loading and unloading of parts and debugging and maintenance of the tooling.
[0026] In this way, both the first bearing structure 21 and the second bearing structure 31 are adapted to the outer wall of the part and maintain a coaxial arrangement, effectively avoiding ellipticity deviations caused by local stress concentration. Simultaneously, the full-length adaptation of the bearing structures at both ends meets the positioning requirements of long cylindrical parts, significantly reducing positioning deviations at both ends, achieving positioning accuracy comparable to complex precision tooling. The tooling as a whole consists of only four core components, with a simple structure requiring no hydraulic or pneumatic drive system, resulting in a manufacturing cost far lower than complex precision tooling. Assembly and debugging only require fixing the positioning plate 10 to the positioning components and coaxial calibration, making the operation process convenient and the debugging time short. This simple tooling is characterized by low cost and ease of operation, meeting production needs.
[0027] This fixture is suitable for horizontal boring and milling operations. The semi-circular groove of the first bearing structure makes the clearance between the part and the workpiece ≤0.015, while the semi-circular groove on the second bearing structure and the positioning cover makes the clearance between the parts ≤0.015. The machining process consists of one rough boring and two fine borings, which can effectively prevent deformation.
[0028] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts provided in this application, the first bearing structure 21, the second bearing structure 31, and the limiting structure 41 are all semi-circular grooves, and the three semi-circular grooves respectively penetrate the first positioning member 20, the second positioning member 30, and the positioning cover 40. Using the semi-circular grooves as the first bearing structure 21, the second bearing structure 31, and the limiting structure 41, the semi-circular groove contours perfectly fit the outer wall of the long cylindrical thin-walled part, forming a surface contact positioning, which can effectively disperse clamping stress and avoid part ellipticity deviation caused by local stress concentration. The through-type semi-circular grooves can cover the full-length positioning requirements of the long cylindrical part. Combined with the coaxial arrangement of the three, it solves the problem of positioning deviation at both ends of the simple fixture, and the positioning accuracy is comparable to complex precision fixtures. At the same time, the semi-circular groove structure has a simple machining process, requiring no complex drive and monitoring modules, significantly reducing manufacturing costs. The through-type design also makes part loading and unloading more convenient. Combined with the detachable connection of the positioning cover 40, it further shortens debugging and operation time.
[0029] This tooling can ensure that the coaxiality of the front and rear ends of long cylindrical parts is ≤0.02, the parallelism of the two end faces is ≤0.02, and the runout of the inner hole is ≤0.02.
[0030] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts provided in this application, the first positioning member 20, the second positioning member 30, and the positioning cover 40 are all U-shaped plates. Using U-shaped plates as the core structure of the first positioning member 20, the second positioning member 30, and the positioning cover 40 has the significant advantages of simple structure and convenient machining. The open design of the U-shaped plate allows the parts to be machined to be quickly placed and removed from top to bottom. Combined with the detachable positioning cover 40, this greatly simplifies the loading and unloading process and shortens operation and debugging time.
[0031] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts provided in this application, the first positioning member 20 is provided with two extension blocks 23 located on both sides of the first bearing structure 21, and the distance between the two extension blocks 23 is equal to the diameter of the first bearing structure 21. The extension blocks 23 can form a three-sided cooperative constraint with the first bearing structure 21. In addition to the surface contact support of the first bearing structure 21, the two side extension blocks 23 can laterally limit the part, effectively preventing radial displacement of the part after positioning, and avoiding the positioning loosening problem that may occur with a single bearing structure. The three-sided constraint further disperses the force on the part, eliminates the ellipticity deviation caused by local stress concentration, and greatly improves the positioning accuracy in conjunction with the coaxially arranged second bearing structure 31. The extension blocks 23 are simple to process, do not increase manufacturing costs, and do not affect the part loading and unloading process, maintaining ease of operation. Lateral limiting enhances processing stability and reduces vibration error, which not only meets the high precision requirements of high-end parts, but also maintains the low cost and high efficiency of simple tooling, further optimizing the practical performance of the tooling.
[0032] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts provided in this application, the fixing structure 22 consists of multiple threaded holes arranged around the first bearing structure 21, with the threaded holes located on the side of the first positioning member 20 away from the second positioning member 30. The annular distribution of the multiple threaded holes enables uniform force distribution, and the part is fixed by tightening the bolts against the end face, avoiding local stress concentration. The position of the threaded holes avoids the contact area between the part and the first bearing structure 21, does not affect the coaxiality of the positioning reference, and the bolt tightening operation is convenient. The uniform tightening force further eliminates the part's ellipticity deviation and improves positioning stability. The threaded hole machining process is simple, does not increase manufacturing costs, and retains the ease of operation of the fixture.
[0033] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts provided in this application, the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts also includes two sets of reinforcing ribs 50. The two sets of reinforcing ribs 50 are respectively installed between the first positioning member 20 and the positioning plate 10, and between the second positioning member 30 and the positioning plate 10. The symmetrical reinforcement design can significantly improve the connection rigidity between the first positioning member 20, the second positioning member 30 and the positioning plate 10, effectively resist the vibration and deformation generated by the cutting force during machining, and avoid coaxiality deviation caused by force offset of the positioning member, while not changing the original assembly and operation process of the fixture. At the same time, this arrangement can also effectively prevent the reinforcing ribs 50 from interfering with or hindering the machining of the parts.
[0034] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts provided in this application, the lower end of the positioning plate 10 is provided with several long grooves 11; the long grooves 11 can effectively reduce the overall weight of the positioning plate 10 and reduce material consumption. At the same time, the long structure is adapted to the mounting holes of the machine tool table, and the mounting position of the positioning plate 10 can be flexibly adjusted to facilitate the precise alignment of the fixture with the machine tool.
[0035] Please see Figures 1 to 4 As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts provided in this application, the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts also includes an elastic positioning block 60 fixedly installed on the positioning plate 10. The elastic positioning block 60 is located on the side of the first positioning member 20 away from the second positioning member 30, or on the side of the second positioning member 30 away from the first positioning member 20. The part to be processed extending beyond the first positioning member 20 or the second positioning member 30 acts on the elastic positioning block 60 from top to bottom. With the help of the elastic positioning block 60, the part is always subjected to an upward reaction force. After the part is processed, the fixing structure 22 and the positioning cover 40 are first removed. Under the elastic force of the elastic positioning block 60, the part can be lifted up smoothly and easily, making it easy to remove the part. At the same time, the elastic contact is achieved by applying pressure from top to bottom to the part extending from the positioning member. The elastic positioning block 60 has both buffering and auxiliary limiting functions. The elastic contact can avoid local stress concentration caused by hard constraints, and at the same time, it can limit the radial sway of the part's protruding end, without interfering with the coaxial accuracy of the main positioning structure. This method effectively mitigates the processing vibration caused by the suspended end of long cylindrical parts, reduces dimensional errors caused by vibration, and further ensures high precision requirements.
[0036] Please see Figure 4As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts provided in this application, the elastic positioning block 60 includes a main block 61, a receiving groove 62 formed at the upper end of the main block 61, and an elastic body 63 installed in the receiving groove 62. The length of the elastic body 63 is greater than the depth of the receiving groove 62. The main block 61 is fixedly installed on the positioning plate 10 and is located below the part. The elastic body 63 extends out of the receiving groove 62 to form a flexible support surface, which can support the protruding end of the part through elastic deformation. Multiple receiving grooves 62 are provided, evenly distributed on the main block 61, and each receiving groove 62 contains one elastic body 63. The elastic body 63 can be a spring or the like.
[0037] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 As a specific embodiment of the machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts provided in this application, one side of the main block 61 is mated to the first positioning member 20 or the second positioning member 30. The main block 61 is also provided with multiple side limiting plates 64 arranged circumferentially along the upper end face of the main block 61. The multiple side limiting plates 64 and the side surfaces of the first positioning member 20 or the second positioning member 30 form a limiting cavity 65. The limiting cavity 65 enables multiple constraints on the protruding end of the part, and, in conjunction with the flexible support of the elastic body 63, further improves positioning accuracy and reduces dimensional errors and form deviations. The multiple side limiting plates 64 are integrally formed with the main block 61. The side limiting plates 64 are easy to process and install, do not increase manufacturing costs or operational complexity, and are adaptable to the protruding ends of parts of different diameters, thus broadening the applicability of the fixture.
[0038] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A tooling for machining long, thin-walled cylindrical parts, characterized in that, include: Positioning plate, used for fixed installation on machine tools; The first positioning component is fixedly installed at one end of the positioning plate; the first positioning component is provided with a first bearing structure adapted to one end of the outer wall of the part to be processed and a fixing structure for fixing the part to be processed, the fixing structure being used to connect with the part to be processed. The second positioning component is fixedly installed on the other end of the positioning plate and is arranged at a distance from the first positioning component; the second positioning component is provided with a second bearing structure for adapting to the other end of the outer wall of the part to be processed, and the second bearing structure is arranged coaxially with the first bearing structure. A positioning cover is installed on the second positioning member from top to bottom, and the positioning cover is provided with a limiting structure that is connected to the second bearing structure to limit the part to be processed; the positioning cover and the second positioning member are detachably connected.
2. The machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first bearing structure, the second bearing structure, and the limiting structure are all semi-circular grooves, and the three semi-circular grooves respectively penetrate the first positioning member, the second positioning member, and the positioning cover.
3. The machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first positioning element, the second positioning element, and the positioning cover are all U-shaped plates.
4. The machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first positioning member is provided with two extension blocks located on both sides of the first bearing structure, and the distance between the two extension blocks is equal to the diameter of the first bearing structure.
5. The machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing structure consists of a plurality of threaded holes arranged around the first bearing structure, and the threaded holes are located on the side of the first positioning member away from the second positioning member.
6. The machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The machining fixture for the long cylindrical thin-walled parts also includes two sets of reinforcing ribs, which are respectively installed between the first positioning member and the positioning plate, and between the second positioning member and the positioning plate.
7. The machining fixture for long, thin-walled parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the positioning plate is provided with several long grooves.
8. The machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts also includes an elastic positioning block fixedly installed on the positioning plate. The elastic positioning block is located on the side of the first positioning member away from the second positioning member, or on the side of the second positioning member away from the first positioning member. The part of the part to be processed that extends beyond the first positioning member or the second positioning member acts on the elastic positioning block from top to bottom.
9. The machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The elastic positioning block includes a main block, a receiving groove formed at the upper end of the main block, and an elastic body installed in the receiving groove, wherein the length of the elastic body is greater than the depth of the receiving groove.
10. The machining fixture for long cylindrical thin-walled parts as described in claim 9, characterized in that, One side of the main block is connected to the first positioning member or the second positioning member. The main block is also provided with a plurality of side limiting plates arranged circumferentially along the upper end face of the main block. The plurality of side limiting plates and the side of the first positioning member or the second positioning member form a limiting cavity.