A thin-walled cylindrical outer circle turning tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to machining technical field especially is concerned with a kind of thin-walled cylinder external circle turning processing frock, including hollow shaft, fixed component for being used to fix thin-walled cylinder is equipped on hollow shaft, thin-walled cylinder is fixed as a whole with hollow shaft by fixed component, support component is filled between thin-walled cylinder and hollow shaft, and thin-walled cylinder external circle turning processing is carried out with hollow shaft as reference, fixed component includes respectively the locking disc being arranged at the both ends of hollow shaft, support disc is sleeved on the inboard of locking disc on hollow shaft, gasket is arranged between support disc and locking disc, thin-walled cylinder is sleeved on the outside of hollow shaft and both ends correspond with support disc, and support component is elastic shockproof plug. When machining external circle, thin-walled cylinder inner end face is fixed on support disc, gasket is limited, locking disc is fixed, finally is clamped on hollow shaft and is processed, shockproof plug fills the gap between hollow shaft and cylinder. The frock has the characteristics of small deformation, high precision and high production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining technology, and in particular to a tooling for turning the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder. Background Technology

[0002] In the aerospace field, the main structures of aircraft, rockets, and missiles rely heavily on large-sized, thin-walled cylindrical parts. These parts, due to their advantages of lightweight structure, small overall weight, ample internal space, and strong load-bearing capacity, have become core components ensuring equipment performance and flight safety. Their manufacturing quality directly determines the overall reliability and operational stability of aerospace equipment. Currently, the mainstream machining methods for large-sized thin-walled cylindrical parts include turning, spinning, forging, welding, and additive manufacturing. Among these, turning, as the most traditional machining method, still holds an important position in the machining of such parts due to its high machining accuracy, excellent surface quality, and outstanding production efficiency. However, due to the thin wall thickness and poor rigidity of large-sized thin-walled cylindrical parts, turning is prone to deformation and requires extremely high operational skills. These two drawbacks severely restrict the application of turning in the production of large-sized thin-walled cylindrical parts and make it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of high precision and high quality in the aerospace field. Therefore, it is urgent to optimize related machining auxiliary devices to overcome the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks. Utility Model Content The purpose of this invention is to provide a tooling for machining the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder, which can solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0003] This utility model provides a tooling for turning the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder, including a hollow shaft. The hollow shaft is provided with a fixing component for fixing the thin-walled cylinder. The thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft are fixed as a whole by the fixing component. A support component is filled between the thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft. The outer diameter of the thin-walled cylinder is turned with the hollow shaft as a reference.

[0004] Furthermore, the fixing assembly includes locking discs respectively disposed at both ends of the hollow shaft, a support disc sleeved on the hollow shaft inside the locking disc, a washer disposed between the support disc and the locking disc, a thin-walled cylinder sleeved on the hollow shaft with both ends corresponding to the support disc, and an elastic anti-vibration plug as the support component between the thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft. The locking disc is used to fix the support disc on the hollow shaft by axial preload and to compress and deform the elastic anti-vibration plug to clamp the thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft.

[0005] Furthermore, the locking disc is threadedly connected to the hollow shaft, and by rotating it, an axial preload is applied to the support disc, causing the elastic anti-vibration plug to be squeezed and deformed, thereby locking the thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft.

[0006] Furthermore, the elastic shock absorber is a hollow column structure, the outer diameter of the elastic shock absorber is 0.9 times the inner diameter of the thin-walled cylinder, and the inner diameter of the elastic shock absorber is 1.05 times the outer diameter of the hollow shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the elastic shock absorber is made of polystyrene.

[0008] Furthermore, the support plate and the locking plate are made of aluminum alloy.

[0009] Furthermore, the hollow shaft is made of alloy steel.

[0010] Furthermore, the washer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer surface of the support disk is provided with a stepped surface, which is in contact with the inner surface of the thin-walled cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the hollow shaft is provided with a retaining ring for limiting the position of the support disc.

[0013] Beneficial effects: This invention uses a fixing component to secure a thin-walled cylinder and a hollow shaft as a whole. With the support of a supporting component, it compensates for the structural defects of the thin-walled cylinder, such as its thin wall thickness and poor rigidity. This significantly reduces deformation caused by insufficient rigidity during turning, ensuring the shape and dimensional accuracy of the machined part and meeting the stringent high-precision requirements of the aerospace industry for large-sized thin-walled cylindrical parts. Using the hollow shaft as a unified machining reference ensures the thin-walled cylinder maintains a stable posture during turning, reducing cutting vibration caused by part movement. This not only reduces machining errors but also optimizes surface roughness and improves surface quality, providing a reliable guarantee for the operational stability of aerospace equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling of this utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-locking disc, 2-washer, 3-support disc, 4-hollow shaft, 5-elastic shock absorber, 6-thin-walled cylinder, 7-stepped surface, 8-ring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0018] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] Example 1 A special positioning and clamping device is designed for machining the outer diameter of thin-walled cylindrical parts, specifically addressing issues such as deformation and vibration that easily occur during the machining process. Its core function is to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the machined outer diameter of the thin-walled cylindrical part through stable support and precise positioning. Figure 1As shown, the main structure of the tooling uses a hollow shaft 4 as the core load-bearing component. The hollow shaft can reduce the overall weight of the tooling and reduce the drive load of the equipment. Fixing components are respectively assembled at both ends of the hollow shaft 4. These two sets of components are symmetrically distributed to form support for both ends of the thin-walled cylinder. At the same time, an elastic anti-vibration plug 5 is also provided between the hollow shaft 4 and the inner wall of the thin-walled cylinder 6 to be processed. This component is the key to achieving flexible fit between the tooling and the part. It can fill the gap between the two and absorb the vibration generated during the processing through its own elastic properties, thereby reducing the impact of vibration on the processing accuracy.

[0021] As a crucial clamping unit of the tooling, the structure of the fixing assembly directly determines the stability and reliability of the clamping. Specifically, it comprises three components: a locking disc 1, a washer 2, and a support disc 3. The washer 2, positioned between the locking disc 1 and the support disc 3, primarily functions to buffer the pressure between them, preventing wear caused by rigid contact. Furthermore, its elasticity or frictional properties prevent the locking disc from loosening due to vibration during processing. As a component for transmitting clamping force, the locking disc 1, through its threaded engagement with the hollow shaft 4 (or other detachable connection structure), firmly fixes the support disc 3 in the designated position of the hollow shaft 4 during the application of axial preload. As the preload gradually increases, the support disc 3 exerts a squeezing effect on the elastic anti-vibration plug 5, causing the elastic anti-vibration plug 5 to undergo controllable elastic deformation. This deformation fills all the gaps between the hollow shaft 4 and the inner wall of the thin-walled cylinder 6 to be processed, ultimately achieving a flexible and firm clamping of the thin-walled cylinder 6. This avoids part deformation caused by rigid clamping and ensures that the part will not shift during processing. like Figure 2 As shown, the outer surface of the support plate is provided with a stepped surface 7, which is in contact with the inner surface of the thin-walled cylinder 6, and the hollow shaft 4 is provided with a retaining ring 8 for limiting the support plate 3.

[0022] The outer diameter of the elastic shock absorber 5 is 0.9 times the inner diameter of the thin-walled cylinder 6 to be processed. The purpose of this size setting is to reserve a reasonable gap between the elastic shock absorber and the inner wall of the thin-walled cylinder in the early stage of assembly. This makes it convenient for operators to quickly put the parts into the tooling, and also ensures that the elastic shock absorber has enough deformation to fill the gap and generate a stable clamping force when it is subsequently extruded and deformed. If the outer diameter is too large, it will make it difficult to assemble the parts. If the outer diameter is too small, a larger extrusion amount is required to achieve clamping. Meanwhile, the inner diameter of the elastic anti-vibration plug 5 is set to 1.05 times the outer diameter of the hollow shaft 4. This slightly larger inner diameter allows the elastic anti-vibration plug to easily fit onto the hollow shaft, simplifying the assembly process and preventing assembly jamming or component damage due to an excessively small inner diameter. If the inner diameter is too large, the elastic anti-vibration plug will wobble on the hollow shaft, affecting positioning accuracy.

[0023] Taking into account factors such as elasticity, wear resistance, temperature resistance, and cost, polystyrene was chosen as the material for the elastic shock absorber. Polystyrene, as a commonly used high-molecular-weight elastic material, possesses the following key characteristics suitable for tooling requirements: First, it has a moderate elastic modulus, enabling stable elastic deformation under compression, and the deformation is not prone to permanent deformation, allowing for repeated use and reducing tooling costs. Second, polystyrene has a high surface smoothness, reducing frictional damage when in contact with the inner wall of a thin-walled cylinder, preventing scratches on the part surface and ensuring surface quality after machining. Furthermore, polystyrene has good oil and cooling medium resistance, resisting the erosion of cutting oil and coolant during turning, and is less prone to aging or performance degradation, extending its service life. Simultaneously, polystyrene has a low density, further reducing the overall weight of the tooling, meeting lightweight design requirements, and its low processing difficulty allows for rapid customization of corresponding elastic shock absorbers according to different specifications of thin-walled cylinders, demonstrating strong adaptability. As core components of the tooling that bear preload and transmit clamping force, the support and locking discs require high strength, rigidity, and lightweight properties. Therefore, aluminum alloy is chosen as their material. The advantages of aluminum alloy are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, aluminum alloy has a high specific strength (strength to weight ratio), which, while meeting the strength and rigidity requirements for support and clamping, significantly reduces the weight of the components, lowers the load on the hollow shaft, and reduces equipment vibration and energy consumption during processing. Second, aluminum alloy has excellent machinability; precision machining processes such as milling and drilling can ensure the dimensional accuracy (e.g., flatness, coaxiality) of the support and locking discs, thereby guaranteeing the overall positioning accuracy of the tooling. Third, aluminum alloy surfaces easily form an oxide film, exhibiting good corrosion resistance and resisting the erosion of cutting fluid and iron filings in the processing environment, extending the service life of the components. Furthermore, aluminum alloy has relatively low cost and high recyclability, meeting both economic and environmental requirements.

[0024] As the core load-bearing and positioning reference component of tooling, the hollow shaft needs to have high strength, high rigidity, good wear resistance and dimensional stability. Therefore, alloy steel is selected as its manufacturing material. Compared to ordinary carbon steel, alloy steel has the following key advantages: First, through the addition of appropriate alloying elements (such as chromium, nickel, and molybdenum) and heat treatment processes (such as quenching and tempering), alloy steel can achieve higher tensile strength and yield strength, withstand the axial preload transmitted by the fixing components and the radial cutting force generated during processing, avoiding bending or deformation and ensuring the stability of the tooling's positioning reference. Second, alloy steel has good rigidity, which can effectively suppress vibration during processing and reduce the impact of vibration on the machining accuracy of thin-walled cylinders. Third, alloy steel has excellent wear resistance; the mating surfaces of the hollow shaft, elastic anti-vibration plug, and fixing components are not prone to wear during long-term use, maintaining high fitting accuracy and extending the overall service life of the tooling. In addition, alloy steel has good dimensional stability and is not easily deformed due to temperature changes or stress release during processing, ensuring that key accuracy indicators such as coaxiality and cylindricity of the hollow shaft remain within the design range for a long time, providing a reliable guarantee for the precise machining of thin-walled cylinders. As a buffer and anti-loosening component between the locking disc and the support disc, the washer needs to have good elasticity, wear resistance and high temperature resistance. Therefore, polytetrafluoroethylene (commonly known as "Teflon") is selected as its material. The advantages of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, it has excellent elasticity and compression recovery. When subjected to the preload applied by the locking disc, it can produce uniform elastic deformation, effectively buffering the rigid contact pressure between the two parts and preventing indentations or wear on the mating surfaces of the support disc or locking disc. Second, it can reduce the relative sliding between the locking disc and the support disc during processing, preventing loosening of the locking due to vibration and ensuring long-term stability of the clamping force. Third, PTFE has excellent temperature resistance, maintaining stable performance in a temperature range of -200℃ to 260℃, fully adapting to the local high temperatures generated in the cutting area during turning, without softening, deformation, or aging due to temperature increases. In addition, PTFE also has excellent corrosion resistance, resisting the erosion of various cutting fluids and chemical reagents, and does not react chemically with metal parts, resulting in a long service life. At the same time, its smooth surface makes it less prone to jamming during assembly, improving the assembly efficiency of tooling.

[0025] Working and usage process: During installation, the locking disc 1 on one side first fixes the support disc 3 onto the hollow shaft 4 via the washer 2. Then, the thin-walled cylinder 6 is installed, followed by the insertion of an elastic anti-vibration plug 5 between the thin-walled cylinder 6 and the hollow shaft 4. Next, the support disc on the other side is installed, and then the washer is inserted. Finally, the locking disc is used to lock the cylinder, fixing the thin-walled cylinder 6 onto the support discs 3 at both ends. The internal elastic anti-vibration plug 5 is compressed, filling the gap between the thin-walled cylinder 6 and the hollow shaft 4, making the thin-walled cylinder 6 and the hollow shaft 4 form a whole.

[0026] During machining, the hollow shaft 4 is used for positioning and clamping to complete the machining of the outer circle of the thin-walled cylinder 6.

[0027] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A tooling for turning the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder, characterized in that, It includes a hollow shaft, on which a fixing component is provided for fixing a thin-walled cylinder. The thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft are fixed as a whole by the fixing component. A support component is filled between the thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft. The outer circle of the thin-walled cylinder is machined with the hollow shaft as a reference.

2. The tooling for turning the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing assembly includes locking discs respectively disposed at both ends of the hollow shaft. A support disc is sleeved on the hollow shaft inside the locking disc. A washer is disposed between the support disc and the locking disc. A thin-walled cylinder is sleeved on the hollow shaft with both ends corresponding to the support disc. The support assembly between the thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft is an elastic anti-vibration plug. The locking disc is used to fix the support disc on the hollow shaft by axial preload and to compress and deform the elastic anti-vibration plug to clamp the thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft.

3. The tooling for machining the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The locking disc is threadedly connected to the hollow shaft. By rotating it, an axial preload is applied to the support disc, causing the elastic anti-vibration plug to be squeezed and deformed, thereby locking the thin-walled cylinder and the hollow shaft.

4. The tooling for turning the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic shock absorber is a hollow column structure. The outer diameter of the elastic shock absorber is 0.9 times the inner diameter of the thin-walled cylinder, and the inner diameter of the elastic shock absorber is 1.05 times the outer diameter of the hollow shaft.

5. The tooling for turning the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic shock absorber is made of polystyrene.

6. The tooling for machining the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support plate and the locking plate are made of aluminum alloy.

7. The tooling for machining the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hollow shaft is made of alloy steel.

8. The tooling for machining the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gasket is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

9. The tooling for machining the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer surface of the support plate is provided with a stepped surface, which is in contact with the inner surface of the thin-walled cylinder.

10. The tooling for turning the outer diameter of a thin-walled cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hollow shaft is provided with a retaining ring for limiting the position of the support plate.

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