Workpiece grinding apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a workpiece grinding device, which is characterized in that a first shaft assembly and a second shaft assembly of a double-shaft grinding structure are arranged along a same vertical shaft axis, and the second shaft assembly is axially lifted relative to the first shaft assembly, coaxial arrangement and controllable switching of a rough grinding wheel and a fine grinding wheel are realized, and rough grinding and fine grinding operations can be continuously completed at a same work station. The grinding layers of the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are arranged in an interlaced telescopic cooperation relationship in the axial direction, only the grinding wheel with a larger axial protruding amount participates in the grinding operation of a current process, and the other grinding wheel is in a avoiding state, and orderly switching of rough grinding and fine grinding operations is realized. In addition, the interlaced telescopic cooperation relationship of the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel enables the grinding track of the grinding wheel to completely cover the surface of the workpiece, thereby realizing comprehensive and uniform grinding, avoiding the formation of a boss on the workpiece, and ensuring the surface flatness during workpiece grinding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of workpiece grinding, and more particularly to a workpiece grinding apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of precision machinery manufacturing, grinding is a common machining process for workpieces such as ceramics, sapphire, silicon blocks, and metal parts. This type of grinding process usually includes two stages: first, rough grinding, which is used to quickly remove the machining allowance on the workpiece surface and bring its dimensions close to the target shape; and second, fine grinding, which is used to finish the workpiece after rough grinding to obtain higher dimensional accuracy and surface finish.

[0003] In existing technologies, two methods are typically used to achieve rough grinding and fine grinding: One approach is to use separate rough grinding wheels and fine grinding wheels, completing the two operations by changing the grinding wheels or switching grinding heads. This method requires multiple clamping and repositioning operations, which can easily cause the workpiece reference to shift, leading to the accumulation of machining errors. Furthermore, the wheel changing and adjustment process is time-consuming, reducing machining efficiency. The other approach is to fix the rough grinding wheel and fine grinding wheel in a coaxial nested configuration, performing different stages of grinding by switching the rotation speed or pressure during the grinding process. However, since the diameters or grinding layer thicknesses of the two grinding wheels are usually different, when they rotate around the same axis, the grinding coverage on the workpiece surface is inconsistent, easily causing localized over-grinding or under-grinding in the central or edge areas. This manifests as surface bosses or edge depressions, making it difficult to ensure the flatness and thickness consistency of the ground surface.

[0004] Furthermore, in the aforementioned coaxial structure, the fixed installation method of the roughing grinding wheel and the fine grinding wheel also poses an interference risk: when one grinding wheel is engaged in grinding, the other grinding wheel may approach the workpiece surface and make accidental contact, affecting grinding stability and wheel life. Therefore, how to achieve reliable switching and avoidance control of the roughing and fine grinding wheels under coaxial conditions while ensuring a compact structure, thereby improving grinding quality and processing efficiency, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned related technologies, the purpose of this application is to provide a workpiece grinding equipment to solve the technical problems in the above-mentioned related technologies, such as the non-compact installation of coarse grinding wheels and fine grinding wheels and the inability to achieve reliable switching and avoidance control under coaxial conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above and other related objectives, this application provides a workpiece grinding apparatus for performing rough grinding and fine grinding operations on a workpiece, comprising: a base having a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other; a worktable rotatably disposed on the first side of the base for supporting the workpiece and forming a surface grinding station; and a dual-axis grinding device disposed on the second side of the base, including a frame and a dual-axis grinding structure that is liftable and mounted on the frame, wherein the dual-axis grinding structure includes a first axis assembly and a second axis assembly arranged along the same vertical axis; wherein the first axis assembly... The first spindle and the second grinding wheel are vertically arranged on the upper side of the worktable. The second spindle assembly can be axially raised and lowered relative to the first spindle assembly to switch between rough grinding and fine grinding conditions. The second spindle assembly includes a second spindle with the same axis as the first spindle and a second grinding wheel at the end. The grinding layers of the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are in an alternating expansion and contraction relationship in the axial direction. In the grinding state, the axial protrusion of one grinding layer is greater than the axial protrusion of the other, and an axial clearance is maintained between the two to realize the sequential switching of rough grinding and fine grinding.

[0007] In summary, the workpiece grinding equipment provided in this application achieves controllable switching between roughing and fine grinding wheels in the coaxial direction by arranging the first and second axis components of the dual-axis grinding structure along the same vertical axis and designing the second axis component to be able to move axially up and down relative to the first axis component. This structure allows the roughing and fine grinding wheels to continuously complete different stages of grinding operations at the same station and under the same positioning conditions, avoiding the accumulation of clamping errors and efficiency losses caused by changing grinding wheels or repositioning workpieces in existing equipment.

[0008] Furthermore, the grinding layers of the first and second grinding wheels are configured with an alternating expansion and contraction fit in the axial direction. In the current process, only the grinding wheel with the larger axial protrusion participates in grinding, while the other grinding wheel is in an axial avoidance state. This not only enables sequential switching between rough grinding and fine grinding operations but also ensures that there is no interference between the two grinding wheels during the grinding process, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the equipment operation.

[0009] Furthermore, the staggered and expanding grinding layer configuration allows the two grinding wheels to form complementary grinding trajectories in the radial and axial directions, enabling comprehensive and uniform grinding of the workpiece surface. This avoids the problem of bosses or edge depressions on the workpiece surface caused by different grinding wheel diameters in traditional separate roughing and finishing grinding structures. Therefore, the workpiece grinding equipment of this application can significantly improve the flatness and dimensional consistency of the workpiece surface, effectively reduce surface roughness, and ensure the stability of grinding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The specific features involved in this application are shown in the appended claims. The features and advantages of the invention can be better understood by referring to the exemplary embodiments and accompanying drawings described in detail below. A brief description of the drawings is as follows:

[0011] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a workpiece grinding apparatus according to one embodiment of this application.

[0012] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the rotary drive device in one embodiment of this application.

[0013] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a biaxial grinding apparatus in one embodiment of this application.

[0014] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional schematic of a biaxial grinding structure in one embodiment of this application.

[0015] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The images show schematic diagrams of a first grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel in one embodiment of this application.

[0016] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The diagrams show the projections of the first and second grinding wheels in the vertical direction covering the center of the worktable.

[0017] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an axial lifting drive assembly in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the advantages and technical effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. In the following description, some embodiments may be referenced to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that other embodiments not shown in the drawings may also be used, and changes in specific structures, parts or mechanisms, components, and operations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. The following detailed description should not be considered limiting, and the scope of the embodiments of this application is limited only by the claims published in this application. The terminology used herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0019] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, or third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements or parameters in some embodiments, these elements or parameters should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element or parameter from another, and not to define the order, priority, or importance of multiple elements. For example, a first axis assembly may be referred to as a second axis assembly, and similarly, a second axis assembly may be referred to as a first axis assembly, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments.

[0020] Furthermore, as used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It should be further understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” and “including” indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, kinds, and / or groups, but do not exclude the presence, occurrence, or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, kinds, and / or groups. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Additionally, the term “and / or,” which may be used hereinafter, describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, the character “ / ”, unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an “and / or” relationship. Additionally, in the description of embodiments of this application, “multiple” refers to two or more. Furthermore, the terms “or” and “and / or” as used herein are interpreted as inclusive, or mean either one or any combination thereof. Exceptions to this definition only arise when a combination of elements, functions, steps, or operations is inherently mutually exclusive in some way.

[0021] It should also be understood that when an element, such as a layer, region, or substrate, is referred to as being "on" another element or extending "on" another element, the element may be directly on or directly extending onto the other element, or intermediate elements may be present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element or "directly extending onto" another element, no intermediate elements are present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "attached" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or intermediate elements may be present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, no intermediate elements are present. Furthermore, the term "coupled" generally means physical, mechanical, magnetic, and / or electrical coupling or connection, and in the absence of specific contrasting language, the presence of intermediate elements between coupled or associated items is not excluded.

[0022] Relative terms such as “below,” “above,” “upper,” “lower,” “horizontal,” or “vertical” may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element, layer, or region and another element, layer, or region illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these terms are intended to cover different device orientations other than those depicted in the figures. In this application, “vertical,” “horizontal,” and “parallel” are defined as including cases within ±10% of the standard definition. For example, vertical typically refers to an angle of 90° relative to a reference line, but in this application, vertical refers to cases including those within 80° to 100°. Unless otherwise expressly stated, comparative quantitative terms (such as “above” and “below”) are intended to cover the concept of equality. As an example, “above” can mean not only “greater than” in a mathematical sense but also “equal to.”

[0023] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. When used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that, when used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and / or “comprising” designate the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It will also be understood that terms used herein shall be interpreted as having the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant field, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0025] In view of the technical problems mentioned in the background art, this application discloses a workpiece grinding equipment. By arranging the first and second axis components of a dual-axis grinding structure along the same vertical axis, and designing the second axis component to be able to move axially up and down relative to the first axis component, controllable switching between roughing and fine grinding wheels in the coaxial direction is achieved. This structure allows the roughing and fine grinding wheels to continuously complete different stages of grinding operations in the same station and under the same positioning conditions, avoiding the accumulation of clamping errors and efficiency losses caused by changing grinding wheels or repositioning workpieces in existing equipment.

[0026] Furthermore, the grinding layers of the first and second grinding wheels are configured with an alternating expansion and contraction fit in the axial direction. In the current process, only the grinding wheel with the larger axial protrusion participates in grinding, while the other grinding wheel is in an axial avoidance state. This not only enables sequential switching between rough grinding and fine grinding operations but also ensures that there is no interference between the two grinding wheels during the grinding process, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the equipment operation.

[0027] Furthermore, the staggered and expanding grinding layer configuration allows the two grinding wheels to form complementary grinding trajectories in the radial and axial directions, enabling comprehensive and uniform grinding of the workpiece surface. This avoids the problem of bosses or edge depressions on the workpiece surface caused by different grinding wheel diameters in traditional separate roughing and finishing grinding structures. Therefore, the workpiece grinding equipment of this application can significantly improve the flatness and dimensional consistency of the workpiece surface, effectively reduce surface roughness, and ensure the stability of grinding quality.

[0028] To clarify the definition of direction and the operation between different structures, the embodiments disclosed in this application define a three-dimensional space defined by the horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal directions, where the horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal directions are all straight lines and are mutually perpendicular. For example, the length extension direction of the base bottom is defined as horizontal (as shown in the figure). Figure 1 The direction of the arrow X in the diagram is defined as the longitudinal direction (as shown by the arrow X in the diagram). Figure 1 The direction of the arrow Y in the diagram is used to define the vertical direction, also known as the vertical direction, the rising and falling direction, or the up and down direction (as shown in the diagram). Figure 1 (The direction of arrow Z in the diagram).

[0029] To clearly illustrate the relative positions of the various components, structures, assemblies, mechanisms, parts, or devices in the workpiece grinding equipment of this application, the worktable 2 and the biaxial grinding device 3 mounted on the base 1 are used as references for differentiation. Along the longitudinal direction of the workpiece grinding equipment, the side (or end) of each component, structure, assembly, mechanism, part, or device that is relatively closer to the worktable 2 is referred to as the first side (or first end), and the side (or end) that is relatively closer to the biaxial grinding device 3 is referred to as the second side (or second end). Figure 1 The intermediate worktable 2 is located at the right end of the base 1, and the biaxial grinding device 3 is located at the left end of the base 1. In subsequent embodiments, the first side will also be referred to as the right side (or right end), and the second side will be referred to as the left side (or left end).

[0030] The axial direction mentioned in subsequent embodiments of this application refers to the direction parallel to the central axis of the cylinder, such as the direction of the lifting and lowering movement of the second shaft assembly. The radial direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the central axis and extending along the radius of the cylinder, such as the direction in which the first grinding wheel or the second grinding wheel extends outward relative to its respective main axis.

[0031] The workpiece grinding equipment provided in this application is used to perform rough grinding and fine grinding operations on workpieces to achieve efficient processing of workpiece surface flatness. The workpiece can be, for example, any material with a certain hardness or brittleness that requires grinding, such as ceramics, sapphire, silicon blocks, silicon carbide, or metal parts.

[0032] Please see Figure 1 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the structure of a workpiece grinding apparatus in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the workpiece grinding equipment includes a base 1, a worktable 2, and a biaxial grinding device 3.

[0033] It should be noted that, in order to clearly illustrate the layout and connection relationships of the internal structure of the workpiece grinding equipment of this application, Figure 1 The deliberate omission of external enclosure structures such as the housing and doors should not be construed as a limitation on the actual product form of this application. In practical applications, the workpiece grinding equipment includes a complete housing structure to ensure the overall rigidity of the equipment or for dust protection.

[0034] In one embodiment, the base 1, as the main component of the workpiece grinding equipment of this application, can be configured with a heavy material such as stainless steel or cast iron to provide robust overall stability. In some examples, the base 1 includes a fixing or limiting structure for supporting different mechanisms, structures, or components in the workpiece grinding equipment, such as a base, column, or frame. In some examples, the base 1 can be a single, integral base. In some examples, the base 1 can include multiple independent bases. Figure 1In the example shown, the base 1 has a first side and a second side that are set opposite to each other, as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0035] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the worktable 2 is rotatably mounted on the first side of the base 1, serving to support the workpiece and form a surface grinding station. It should be noted that the surface grinding station refers to the space or position occupied by the biaxial grinding device 3 on the worktable 2 during the rough grinding and fine grinding operations. Furthermore, the specific surface grinding station can be determined by the effective grinding area required by the workpiece during the grinding process; its effective area is not necessarily equal to the upper surface area of ​​the worktable 2, for example, it may be larger or smaller than the upper surface area of ​​the worktable 2.

[0036] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, the worktable 2 is configured as a disc-shaped structure, the upper surface of which is used to support the workpiece. In some examples, the upper surface of the worktable 2 may be equipped with a mechanical clamp, an electromagnetic chuck, or a vacuum adsorption device to fix the workpiece, thereby ensuring that the workpiece remains stable during the grinding operation.

[0037] In one embodiment, a rotary drive device is provided on the lower side of the worktable 2 to drive the worktable 2 to rotate. Specifically, the rotary drive device is used to drive the worktable 2 to rotate around its central axis, thereby achieving uniform processing of the workpiece during the grinding process. In one example, the rotary drive device can be configured inside the base 1. Correspondingly, the base 1 has a space for accommodating the rotary drive device. Furthermore, the base 1 is provided with an opening communicating with the space. The opening can be used for heat dissipation of the rotary drive device and facilitates maintenance of the rotary drive device by the operator.

[0038] Please see Figure 2 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rotary drive device in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the rotary drive device 21 includes a rotary seat 211 and a rotary drive unit 212. The rotary seat 211 is connected to the worktable 2 and the base 1. The rotary drive unit 212 is disposed in the base 1 and is used to drive the rotary seat 211 to rotate.

[0039] In one implementation, the upper end of the rotary seat 211 is fixedly connected to the worktable 2 by bolts, and its lower end is rotatably connected to the base 1 by a bearing assembly, thereby allowing the worktable 2 to rotate smoothly around its central axis under the drive of the rotary drive unit 212. In some examples, a sealing ring and a dust cover can be provided between the rotary seat 211 and the base 1 to prevent grinding and coolant from entering the rotary drive unit 21 during the grinding process. In some examples, a hollow channel or air passage interface can be provided inside the rotary seat 211 for arranging pipelines or wires and other wiring structures to achieve a compact equipment layout.

[0040] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the rotary drive unit 212 is configured to include a rotary drive motor 2121, a reducer 2122, and a transmission belt 2123. The reducer 2122 converts the high-speed, low-torque output of the rotary drive motor 2121 into a low-speed, high-torque output suitable for rotating the worktable 2 for grinding operations. Specifically, the output shaft of the rotary drive motor 2121 and the input shaft of the reducer 2122 can be connected via a synchronous belt, chain, or gear to transmit the rotational power of the rotary drive motor 2121 to the reducer 2122. In some examples, the rotary drive motor 2121 may be of types including, but not limited to, a flux motor, a stepper motor, and a frequency converter motor, to achieve adjustable speed and forward / reverse rotation control according to grinding process requirements.

[0041] Furthermore, the transmission belt 2123 connects the output shaft of the reducer 2122 to the rotating seat 211, so as to transmit the rotational power from the reducer 2122 to the rotating seat 211, thereby driving the rotation of the rotating seat 211 to realize the rotation of the worktable 2 around its central axis.

[0042] In one embodiment, the rotary drive unit 212 may further include a grating encoder for providing measurement and feedback of the rotation angle of the worktable 2. In one implementation, the grating encoder includes a grating encoder housing, a grating encoder disk, and a read head. The grating encoder housing is arranged around the central axis of the worktable 2 and houses the grating encoder disk and the read head. The grating encoder disk has grating strips. When the worktable 2 rotates, the grating strips on the grating encoder disk are blocked, generating corresponding optical signals. The read head may include an optical measurement device such as a camera, which obtains the rotation information of the shaft by interpreting the generated optical signals and feeds this information back to a control device, thereby realizing real-time control of the rotation of the worktable 2.

[0043] In one embodiment, a brake positioner is provided on the worktable 2. The brake positioner is used to stop the rotational movement of the worktable 2 and also to prevent the worktable 2 from rotating due to external forces when it stops moving, thereby further ensuring grinding accuracy. In one implementation, the brake positioner may be configured to include a brake actuator and a locking pin. The brake actuator controls the movement of the locking pin to lock the locking pin onto the worktable 2, thereby stopping the rotational movement of the worktable 2.

[0044] In one embodiment, the worktable 2 is equipped with a cooling spray assembly, a protective cover, and / or a negative pressure mist suction hood. It should be understood that during grinding operations, a large amount of heat is generated between the grinding wheel and the workpiece due to friction. Therefore, it is necessary to cool the workpiece and the grinding wheel promptly to prevent the accumulation of grinding heat from causing workpiece deformation, grinding wheel burns, or surface cracks. Furthermore, a large amount of grinding debris is generated during the grinding process, which needs to be removed promptly to avoid clogging the grinding wheel.

[0045] In one embodiment, the cooling spray assembly can be used to spray coolant onto the surfaces of the workpiece and grinding wheel during grinding to cool them while simultaneously washing away grinding debris. In one implementation, the cooling spray assembly may be configured to include a spray pipe, nozzles, and a liquid supply device. The liquid supply device is used to supply coolant to the spray pipe; the spray pipe is fixed to the worktable and is used to output the coolant to the nozzles; the nozzles are disposed at the end of the spray pipe and are used to spray coolant toward the surface grinding station.

[0046] In one embodiment, the protective cover is used to block coolant and grinding debris splashed during grinding to prevent contamination or damage to surrounding structures, thereby improving the safety of equipment operation. In some examples, the protective cover may be configured as a semi-enclosed structure surrounding the worktable 2. In some examples, the protective cover may be configured as a high-strength material such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or polycarbonate.

[0047] In one embodiment, the negative pressure mist hood is used to create a localized negative pressure during the grinding process to promptly remove grinding debris, thereby maintaining a clean working environment and reducing dust hazards. In some examples, the negative pressure mist hood may be positioned above or to the side of the workbench, with a negative pressure pipe connected internally, which is connected to an external exhaust fan or filtration system. In some examples, the negative pressure mist hood may work in conjunction with the cooling spray assembly; in this example, the gas-liquid mixture generated by the spray can be collected by the negative pressure mist hood.

[0048] Please see Figure 3 and combined Figure 1 ,in, Figure 3The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a biaxial grinding apparatus in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the biaxial grinding device 3 is disposed on the second side of the base 1, including a frame 31 and a biaxial grinding structure 32 that is liftable and mounted on the frame 31. In this embodiment, the frame 31 is used to support and mount the biaxial grinding structure 32, and to provide guidance for the lifting and lowering of the biaxial grinding structure 32. In some embodiments, the frame 31 may be configured with high-strength metal materials such as cast iron, aluminum alloy, or steel plate to ensure good rigidity and shock resistance during the grinding process.

[0049] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the workpiece grinding equipment also includes a lifting drive device 4, located on the second side of the frame 31, used to drive the dual-axis grinding structure 32 to move up and down. In this embodiment, the lifting drive device 4 can, on the one hand, drive the dual-axis grinding structure 32 to descend to approach the workpiece on the worktable 2 for grinding operations, and on the other hand, adjust the grinding amount by adjusting the contact depth between the dual-axis grinding structure 32 and the workpiece. For example, driving the dual-axis grinding structure 32 to contact the workpiece surface more deeply increases the grinding amount; driving the dual-axis grinding structure 32 to make the contact depth with the workpiece shallower reduces the grinding amount. On the other hand, after the grinding operation is completed, the lifting drive device 4 can drive the dual-axis grinding structure 32 to rise away from the workpiece.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the lifting drive device 4 includes a lifting base 41 and a lifting drive unit 42. The lifting base 41 is connected to the frame 31 and has a lifting guide rail 411. The lifting drive unit 42 is disposed on the top of the lifting base 41 and is used to drive the frame 31 to move up and down along the lifting guide rail 411. In some examples, the lifting base 41 is fixedly disposed on the base 1 and slidably connected to the frame 31. The lifting of the frame 31 on the lifting base 41 via the lifting guide rail 411 drives the lifting movement of the dual-axis grinding structure 32 relative to the workpiece.

[0051] In one embodiment, to achieve stable lifting and lowering of the dual-axis grinding structure 32 on the lifting seat 41, a dual-guide rail design can be adopted, i.e., two parallel lifting guide rails 411 are used. In one implementation, the lifting drive unit 42 can be configured to include a lifting screw and a lifting motor, wherein the lifting screw is arranged vertically and connected to the frame 31, and the lifting motor is connected to the lifting screw. Thus, the lifting motor drives the lifting screw to rotate, thereby enabling the frame 31 to move up and down along the lifting guide rails 411, thereby driving the dual-axis grinding structure 32 to move up and down relative to the worktable 2. The implementation of the lifting drive unit 42 is not limited to this; other components that can drive the frame 31 to move up and down along the lifting guide rails 411 are still applicable. For example, the lifting drive unit 42 may include a lifting rack, a drive gear meshing with the lifting rack, and a drive motor that drives the drive gear to rotate.

[0052] Please see Figure 4 The image shown is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a biaxial grinding structure in one embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the dual-axis grinding structure 32 includes a first axis assembly 321 and a second axis assembly 322 arranged along the same vertical axis. In the embodiment described in this application, both the first axis assembly 321 and the second axis assembly 322 are vertically arranged on the frame 31, nested together and having the same axis L. This structural arrangement can effectively save equipment space.

[0053] In one embodiment, a first axis assembly 321 is vertically disposed on the upper side of the worktable 2, including a first spindle 3211 and a first grinding wheel 3212 at its end. A second axis assembly 322 includes a second spindle 3221 having the same axis as the first spindle 3211 and a second grinding wheel 3222 at its end.

[0054] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first shaft assembly 321 is a hollow spindle structure, and the second shaft assembly 322 is coaxially inserted inside the first spindle 3211. In this embodiment, a hollow cavity is formed inside the first spindle 3211 along the axis L, allowing the second spindle 3221 to pass through. Furthermore, a sliding guide bushing or a rolling guide bearing can be provided between the hollow cavity and the second spindle 3221 to support and guide the movement of the second spindle 3221 relative to the first spindle 3211.

[0055] In another embodiment, the second shaft assembly 322 is a hollow spindle structure, and the first shaft assembly 321 is coaxially inserted inside the second spindle 3221. In this embodiment, a hollow cavity is formed inside the second spindle 3221 along the axis L, and the hollow cavity allows the first spindle 3211 to pass through. Subsequent embodiments will use... Figure 4 The second shaft assembly 322 shown is inserted inside the first main shaft 3211 as an example for illustration and should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0056] In one embodiment, the first grinding wheel 3212 or the second grinding wheel 3222 may be configured to be formed by bonding abrasive grains with a bonding agent, thereby creating a grinding region with abrasive grains. In some examples, the first grinding wheel 3212 or the second grinding wheel 3222 has a certain abrasive grain size and density, and its abrasive grains may be set to abrasive grains with a hardness greater than that of the workpiece material, such as aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, or cubic boron diamond nitride, depending on the needs of grinding the workpiece.

[0057] In one embodiment, the first grinding wheel 3212 is configured as a fine grinding wheel, and the second grinding wheel 3222 is configured as a coarse grinding wheel. Specifically, the coarse grinding wheel is used to perform coarse grinding on the workpiece to achieve the effect of quickly removing excess material. The fine grinding wheel is used to perform fine grinding on the workpiece to perform high-precision finishing on the surface of the workpiece after coarse grinding, eliminating coarse grinding marks and achieving the desired flatness and smoothness of the workpiece surface.

[0058] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 The figures shown are schematic diagrams of a first grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel in one embodiment of this application. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first grinding wheel 3212 is an annular grinding wheel with a fine grinding layer 32121 at its bottom, and the second grinding wheel 3222 is a disc-shaped grinding wheel with a coarse grinding layer 32221 at its bottom. The abrasive grain size of the fine grinding layer 32121 is smaller than that of the coarse grinding layer 32221. Further, as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first grinding wheel 3212 is generally annular, with a hollow central area for accommodating the second grinding wheel 3222. The second grinding wheel 3222 first contacts the workpiece surface through its bottom coarse grinding layer 32221 to efficiently remove most of the machining allowance. Then, the first grinding wheel 3212 contacts the workpiece surface through its bottom fine grinding layer 32121 to complete the coarse grinding operation, achieving higher dimensional accuracy and surface finish. In some examples, the second grinding wheel 3222 is an inverted disc shape, meaning its height gradually decreases from the center to the circumference. In this example, since only the circumferential area of ​​the second grinding wheel 3222 can contact the workpiece surface during its descent, the coarse grinding layer 32221 can be located on the circumference of the second grinding wheel 3222.

[0059] In one embodiment, the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 form alternating grinding regions in the radial and axial directions. Specifically, in Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the example shown, the first grinding wheel 3212 has first grinding teeth on its circumference, and the fine grinding layer 32121 is disposed at the bottom end of the first grinding teeth. The second grinding wheel 3222 has second grinding teeth on its circumference, and the coarse grinding layer 32221 is disposed at the bottom end of the second grinding teeth. A notch for accommodating the second grinding teeth is provided between every two adjacent first grinding teeth, so that the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 can be exposed. Figure 6 The two grinding wheels are shown in a mutually interlocking state, where the first and second grinding teeth intersect each other, thereby forming interlocking grinding areas in the radial direction of the two grinding wheels. Further, the second grinding wheel 3222 can move along... Figure 5 The arrows shown indicate that the grinding wheel moves up and down relative to the first grinding wheel 3212 to form staggered grinding zones in the axial direction. Specific details can be found in the following description and will not be repeated here. Within the grinding zones, the fine grinding layer 32121 of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the rough grinding layer 32221 of the second grinding wheel 3222 can respectively grind the workpiece surface, achieving a continuous transition between rough and fine grinding.

[0060] In one embodiment, the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 have the same diameter, and their projections in the vertical direction cover the center of the worktable. It should be noted that the projection of the grinding wheel in the vertical direction refers to the outer boundary formed by the first grinding wheel 3212 or the second grinding wheel 3222 on the base 1 along the vertical direction. The diameter of the first grinding wheel 3212 refers to the distance from the center of the first grinding wheel 3212 to the outermost edge of the first grinding tooth, and the diameter of the second grinding wheel 3222 refers to the distance from the center of the second grinding wheel 3222 to the outermost edge of the second grinding tooth. In an example where the first and second grinding teeth intersect, the projections of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 in the vertical direction together form a circle.

[0061] Specifically, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The diagrams show the vertical projections of the first and second grinding wheels covering the center of the worktable. Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the embodiment shown, the center of the worktable 2 is indicated by a dot O, the projection of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 in the vertical direction is indicated by a circle S1, and the projection of the worktable 2 in the vertical direction is indicated by a circle S2.

[0062] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the vertical projections of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 pass through the center O of the worktable 2. In another embodiment, the vertical projections of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 enclose the center O of the worktable 2. All the above embodiments can be considered as the vertical projections of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 covering the center O of the worktable 2.

[0063] In the above embodiment, as the worktable 2 rotates, the grinding trajectories of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 can completely cover the surface of the workpiece, thereby achieving comprehensive and uniform grinding, avoiding the formation of bosses near the center O of the workpiece, and ensuring the surface flatness of the workpiece during grinding.

[0064] In one embodiment, the second axis assembly 322 can be axially raised and lowered relative to the first axis assembly 321 to switch between rough grinding and fine grinding conditions. Specifically, the second axis assembly 322 can drive the second spindle 3221 and the second grinding wheel 3222 along... Figure 5 The arrow in the middle points downwards so that the second grinding wheel 3222 extends relative to the first grinding wheel 3212 to present a downward angle. Figure 5 As shown, the workpiece moves towards the workpiece on the worktable 2 under the drive of the lifting drive device 4 to perform rough grinding. After the rough grinding is completed, the second shaft assembly 322 drives the second spindle 3221 and the second grinding wheel 3222 along... Figure 5 The arrow in the middle points upwards so that the first grinding wheel 3212 extends relative to the second grinding wheel 3222 to present a certain angle. Figure 6 The workpiece moves toward the workpiece on the worktable 2 under the drive of the lifting drive device 4 to perform fine grinding.

[0065] In one embodiment, the grinding layers of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 are in an alternating expansion and contraction relationship in the axial direction. It should be noted that the grinding layer of the first grinding wheel 3212 can be understood as the fine grinding layer 32121 at the bottom of the first grinding tooth, and the grinding layer of the second grinding wheel 3222 can be understood as the coarse grinding layer 32221 at the bottom of the second grinding tooth. The alternating expansion and contraction relationship between the fine grinding layer 32121 and the coarse grinding layer 32221 in the axial direction can be understood as the coarse grinding layer 32221 being able to move up and down relative to the first grinding wheel 3212 along the axis L of the second grinding wheel 3222 to achieve axial alternation, while the first and second grinding teeth are radially staggered.

[0066] In the embodiments described in this application, the first axis assembly 321 is fixed relative to the frame 31, that is, the first axis assembly 321 cannot be raised or lowered in the axial direction, only the second axis assembly 322 can be raised or lowered in the axial direction. In some other embodiments, both the first axis assembly 321 and the second axis assembly 322 can be raised or lowered in the axial direction. As long as the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 are staggered in the axial direction during grinding, rough grinding or fine grinding of the workpiece can be achieved.

[0067] In other words, during grinding, the axial protrusion of one grinding layer is greater than that of the other, and an axial clearance is maintained between them to achieve sequential switching between rough grinding and fine grinding. It should be noted that the axial protrusion refers to the length of the fine grinding layer 32121 or the rough grinding layer 32221 extending along axis L relative to the worktable 2, and the axial clearance can be understood as the distance between the fine grinding layer 32121 and the rough grinding layer 32221 when the axial protrusion of one grinding layer is greater than that of the other. Specifically, please refer to... Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,exist Figure 5 In the example shown, the axial protrusion of the rough grinding layer 32221 is greater than that of the fine grinding layer 32121, and an axial clearance G1 is maintained between them, allowing for rough grinding of the workpiece. Figure 6 In the example shown, the axial protrusion of the fine grinding layer 32121 is greater than that of the rough grinding layer 32221, and an axial clearance G2 is maintained between the two, so the workpiece can be finely ground.

[0068] In one implementation, the second grinding wheel 3222 can be lowered relative to the first grinding wheel 3212 so that the axial protrusion of the second grinding wheel 3222 is greater than that of the first grinding wheel 3212, thereby presenting... Figure 5 The states are shown. In one example, the first grinding wheel 3212 is fixed relative to the frame 31 (i.e., the first shaft assembly 321 cannot be raised or lowered), and the second grinding wheel 3222 is lowered by the drive of the second shaft assembly 322 so that an axial clearance G1 can be maintained between the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222. In another example, the first grinding wheel 3212 is raised or lowered by the drive of the first shaft assembly 321, and the second grinding wheel 3222 is raised or lowered by the drive of the second shaft assembly 322 so that an axial clearance G1 can be maintained between the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222. In yet another example, the second grinding wheel 3222 is fixed relative to the frame 31 (i.e., the second shaft assembly 322 cannot be raised or lowered), and the first grinding wheel 3212 is raised by the drive of the first shaft assembly 321 so that an axial clearance G1 can be maintained between the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222.

[0069] In another implementation, the second grinding wheel 3222 can be raised relative to the first grinding wheel 3212 so that the axial protrusion of the first grinding wheel 3212 is greater than that of the second grinding wheel 3222, thereby presenting... Figure 6 The states are shown. In one example, the first grinding wheel 3212 is fixed relative to the frame 31 (i.e., the first shaft assembly 321 cannot be raised or lowered), and the second grinding wheel 3222 rises under the drive of the second shaft assembly 322 so that an axial clearance G2 can be maintained between the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222. In another example, the first grinding wheel 3212 rises and falls under the drive of the first shaft assembly 321, and the second grinding wheel 3222 rises and falls under the drive of the second shaft assembly 322 so that an axial clearance G2 can be maintained between the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222. In yet another example, the second grinding wheel 3222 is fixed relative to the frame 31 (i.e., the second shaft assembly 322 cannot be raised or lowered), and the first grinding wheel 3212 falls under the drive of the first shaft assembly 321 so that an axial clearance G2 can be maintained between the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222.

[0070] It should be noted here that, Figure 5 The axial clearance G1 in the middle is greater than Figure 6 The axial clearance G2 is only for illustrative purposes. In practical applications, it is sufficient to ensure that the first grinding wheel 3212 is positioned so as not to interfere with the second grinding wheel 3222 during rough grinding and the second grinding wheel 3222 is positioned so as not to interfere with the first grinding wheel 3212 during fine grinding.

[0071] In one embodiment, the biaxial grinding structure 32 is provided with an axial lifting drive assembly for controlling the lifting and lowering of the second axis assembly 322 relative to the first axis assembly 321. As can be seen from the foregoing embodiments, the axial lifting drive assembly can be disposed on the first axis assembly 321 and / or the second axis assembly 322 to drive the lifting and lowering of the first axis assembly 321 and / or the second axis assembly 322, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the second axis assembly 322 relative to the first axis assembly 321. The following description uses the axial lifting drive assembly disposed on the second axis assembly 322 as an example for illustration and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0072] Please see Figure 9 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the axial lifting drive assembly in one embodiment of this application. Figure 9As shown, the axial lifting drive assembly 323 includes a position detection unit 3231, which is used to determine the lifting distance of the second shaft assembly 322. In one example, the position detection unit 3231 can be configured as a proximity switch to detect a specific position of the second shaft assembly 322 during the axial lifting process. For example, when the second shaft assembly 322 moves to the specific position, the proximity switch is triggered and outputs a position signal to the control device to control the axial lifting drive assembly to stop or reverse, thereby limiting the lifting stroke of the second shaft assembly 322 and realizing controllable switching between rough grinding and fine grinding operations.

[0073] In some examples, the position detection unit 3231 may be configured to include an upper limit proximity switch and a lower limit proximity switch. When the second axis assembly 322 rises to a specific position close to the upper limit proximity switch, and descends to a specific position close to the lower limit proximity switch, the upper limit proximity switch and the lower limit proximity switch may respectively output a position signal to determine whether the second axis assembly 322 has reached the upper limit position or the lower limit position, thereby avoiding structural interference caused by overtravel. In some examples, the position detection unit 3231 may also be used to establish a reference position for the second axis assembly 322, enabling the control device to accurately identify the real-time position of the second axis assembly 322 and ensure the control accuracy of the grinding position.

[0074] In an embodiment, the control device may be, for example, a control device configured in the workpiece grinding equipment, or, for example, a control device of a computer device connected to the workpiece grinding equipment.

[0075] In one embodiment, the control device includes a processing unit, a storage unit, and multiple interface units. Each interface unit is connected to an independently packaged device, component, mechanism, or part of the workpiece grinding equipment, such as the position detection unit 3231, and transmits data via an interface. The control device also includes at least one of the following: a prompting device, a human-machine interface device, etc. The interface unit determines its interface type according to the connected device, component, mechanism, or part, which includes, but is not limited to, a universal serial interface, a video interface, an industrial control interface, a wireless communication port, etc. The storage unit is used to store the grinding operation program. The processing unit is connected to the storage unit and, when executing the grinding operation program, controls the various parts, components, or structures in the workpiece grinding equipment to coordinate the grinding operation on the workpiece.

[0076] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9As shown, the axial lifting drive assembly 323 is disposed above the first shaft assembly 321, and guides and positions the second shaft assembly 322 through the first spindle 3211 and the end face positioning structure 3232. As mentioned above, the hollow cavity inside the first spindle 3211 allows the second spindle 3221 of the second shaft assembly 322 to pass through, and the second shaft assembly 322 can make smooth lifting and lowering movements along the axis L in the hollow cavity, thereby maintaining coaxiality with the first shaft assembly 321 during the lifting and lowering process and avoiding a decrease in grinding accuracy due to sway.

[0077] In one embodiment, the end face positioning structure 3232 is disposed at the top end of the first spindle 3211. In some examples, the end face positioning structure 3232 includes a positioning portion for limiting the axial lifting position of the top end of the second shaft assembly 322. When the second shaft assembly 322 rises to the upper limit position, its top end can engage with the positioning portion, thereby achieving precise positioning of the upper limit position of the second shaft assembly 322. In some examples, the end face positioning structure 3232 may further include an elastic preload member for limiting the axial lifting position of the bottom end of the second shaft assembly 322. When the second shaft assembly 322 descends to the lower limit position, it can engage with the elastic preload member, thereby achieving precise positioning of the lower limit position of the second shaft assembly 322. In this example, the elastic preload member can provide a positioning function for the second shaft assembly 322 while providing a small amount of axial buffering and stable support for the second shaft assembly 322. Guided and positioned by the first spindle 3211 and the end face positioning structure 3232, the second shaft assembly 322 can always remain on the same axis L as the first shaft assembly 321 during the axial lifting process.

[0078] In one embodiment, the axial lifting drive assembly 323 is configured as a cylinder or electric cylinder with a piston rod. The piston rod passes through the hollow cavity of the first spindle 3211 and is connected to the second shaft assembly 322 via a connecting structure to realize the axial lifting of the second shaft assembly 322. In some examples, the piston rod is connected to the second spindle 3221 via the connecting structure, so that when the cylinder or electric cylinder drives the piston rod to extend, the second spindle 3221 can descend axially, thereby driving the second grinding wheel 3222 to descend, thus presenting... Figure 5 The state shown is for rough grinding operations. Alternatively, when the cylinder or electric cylinder drives the piston rod to retract, the second spindle 3221 can rise axially, thereby driving the second grinding wheel 3222 to rise, thus presenting... Figure 6 The state shown is for fine grinding operations, thereby switching between coarse grinding and fine grinding operations by extending or retracting the piston rod.

[0079] In one embodiment, the connection structure may be configured to include a threaded connection assembly, allowing the output end of the piston rod to be coaxially fixedly connected to the second spindle 3221 via a screw connection. This enables the linear thrust applied to the piston rod by the cylinder or electric cylinder to be accurately transmitted to the second spindle 3221, thereby allowing the second spindle 3221 to move axially relative to the first spindle 3211. In some embodiments, the connection structure may further include a spherical hinge assembly to ensure the transmission of axial thrust by the piston rod while allowing for slight angular deviations from the axial direction. This absorbs angular deviations, such as those caused by assembly errors, thereby improving the smoothness of the lifting and lowering of the second shaft assembly 322. In some embodiments, the connection structure may also include an elastic buffer washer to absorb vibrations during cylinder or electric cylinder operation, further improving lifting and lowering stability.

[0080] In one embodiment, the first axis assembly 321 and / or the second axis assembly 322 further include a rotary drive structure for connection to the first spindle 3211 and / or the second spindle 3221 to drive the first grinding wheel 3212 and / or the second grinding wheel 3222 to rotate at high speed for grinding operations. In some examples, the rotary drive structure can be connected to both the first spindle 3211 and the second spindle 3221 simultaneously, so that the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 can rotate synchronously at high speed during grinding. In some examples, the first spindle 3211 and the second spindle 3221 can be connected to their respective rotary drive structures to achieve separate control of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222. For example, when the second axis assembly 322 axially descends to... Figure 5 When performing rough grinding, as shown, the rotation drive structures of the first spindle 3211 and the second spindle 3221 can respectively control the first grinding wheel 3212 to not rotate, while causing the second grinding wheel 3222 to rotate at high speed. When the second shaft assembly 322 rises axially to... Figure 6 When performing a fine grinding operation, as shown, the rotary drive structures of the first spindle 3211 and the second spindle 3221 can respectively control the first grinding wheel 3212 to rotate at high speed, while the second grinding wheel 3222 does not rotate. In some implementations, the rotary drive structure can be configured as a rotary drive motor.

[0081] In one embodiment, the ends of the first shaft assembly 321 and / or the second shaft assembly 322 are provided with grinding wheel flanges, coaxiality adjustment structures, or end runout accuracy adjustment structures. In some examples, the grinding wheel flange is used to fix the first grinding wheel 3212 and / or the second grinding wheel 3222, so that the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 can be reliably clamped and positioned relative to their respective spindles, and provide stable torque transmission and axial support for grinding operations, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the grinding wheels during high-speed rotation. In some examples, bolts or nuts can be used to radially and uniformly lock the grinding wheels and the grinding wheel flange to ensure symmetrical force on the grinding wheels and avoid vibration caused by eccentric installation.

[0082] In one embodiment, the coaxiality adjustment structure is used to ensure that the rotation centers of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 coincide with the axis L of the first spindle 3211 and the second spindle 3221, respectively. In some examples, the coaxiality adjustment structure may specifically be configured as a radial fine-tuning screw group disposed on the grinding wheel flange. By tightening the screws located at different positions on the grinding wheel flange, the radial position of the grinding wheel flange can be slightly corrected, thereby achieving precise correction of the radial position of the grinding wheel.

[0083] In one embodiment, the end runout accuracy adjustment structure is used to correct the perpendicularity of the rotating end faces of the first grinding wheel 3212 and the second grinding wheel 3222 to the axis L, thereby eliminating end face runout and preventing the generation of vibration marks on the workpiece surface during grinding. In some examples, the end runout accuracy adjustment structure may be configured to include a set of shims or wedges disposed between the grinding wheel flange and the spindle. By adjusting the thickness of the shim set or the depth of the wedges entering the gap, the tilt angle of the grinding wheel flange can be finely compensated, thereby achieving dynamic correction of end face runout.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the axial lifting drive assembly is electrically connected to the rotary drive device of the worktable to automatically drive the second axis assembly to rise and enter the fine grinding condition after detecting the completion signal of the rough grinding operation. In this embodiment, the axial lifting drive assembly 323 is electrically connected to the rotary drive device 21 of the worktable 2. After the control system detects the completion signal of the rough grinding operation (e.g., triggered by a decrease in spindle power, time arrival, or surface roughness sensor signal), it automatically controls the second axis assembly 322 to rise, so that the first grinding wheel 3212 cuts into the workpiece surface to perform fine grinding, thereby realizing the automatic switching of rough and fine grinding integration.

[0085] The following combination Figures 1 to 9 The process of rough grinding and fine grinding of the workpiece to be ground by the workpiece grinding equipment of this application is described in detail.

[0086] First, the workpiece to be ground can be placed on the worktable 2 manually or by a robotic arm. The worktable 2 rotates around its central axis under the drive of the rotary drive device 21. Then, the second axis assembly 322, driven by the axial lifting drive assembly 323, causes the second spindle 3221 and the second grinding wheel 3222 to move along... Figure 5 The arrow in the middle points downwards so that the second grinding wheel 3222 extends relative to the first grinding wheel 3212 to present a downward angle. Figure 5 The state shown is as follows. The lifting drive device 4 drives the frame 31 to descend on the lifting seat 41 so that the second grinding wheel 3222 approaches and contacts the workpiece on the worktable 2. The second grinding wheel 3222 rotates at high speed under the drive of the rotary drive structure, thereby performing rough grinding on the workpiece.

[0087] After the rough grinding operation is completed, the lifting drive device 4 drives the frame 31 to rise on the lifting seat 41 so that the dual-axis grinding structure 32 moves away from the workpiece. Then, driven by the axial lifting drive assembly 323, the second axis assembly 322 drives the second spindle 3221 and the second grinding wheel 3222 along... Figure 5 The arrow in the middle points upwards so that the first grinding wheel 3212 extends relative to the second grinding wheel 3222 to present a certain angle. Figure 6 In the indicated state, the lifting drive device 4 drives the frame 31 to descend on the lifting seat 41 so that the first grinding wheel 3212 approaches and contacts the workpiece on the worktable 2. The first grinding wheel 3212 rotates at high speed under the drive of the rotary drive structure, thereby performing a fine grinding operation on the workpiece.

[0088] In summary, the workpiece grinding equipment provided in this application achieves controllable switching between roughing and fine grinding wheels in the coaxial direction by arranging the first and second axis components of the dual-axis grinding structure along the same vertical axis and designing the second axis component to be able to move axially up and down relative to the first axis component. This structure allows the roughing and fine grinding wheels to continuously complete different stages of grinding operations at the same station and under the same positioning conditions, avoiding the accumulation of clamping errors and efficiency losses caused by changing grinding wheels or repositioning workpieces in existing equipment.

[0089] Furthermore, the grinding layers of the first and second grinding wheels are configured with an alternating expansion and contraction fit in the axial direction. In the current process, only the grinding wheel with the larger axial protrusion participates in grinding, while the other grinding wheel is in an axial avoidance state. This not only enables sequential switching between rough grinding and fine grinding operations but also ensures that there is no interference between the two grinding wheels during the grinding process, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the equipment operation.

[0090] Furthermore, the staggered and expanding grinding layer configuration allows the two grinding wheels to form complementary grinding trajectories in the radial and axial directions, enabling comprehensive and uniform grinding of the workpiece surface. This avoids the problem of bosses or edge depressions on the workpiece surface caused by different grinding wheel diameters in traditional separate roughing and finishing grinding structures. Therefore, the workpiece grinding equipment of this application can significantly improve the flatness and dimensional consistency of the workpiece surface, effectively reduce surface roughness, and ensure the stability of grinding quality.

[0091] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the inventive essence and beneficial effects of this application, and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the principles and scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations achieved by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A workpiece grinding apparatus for performing rough grinding and fine grinding operations on a workpiece, characterized in that, include: The base has a first side and a second side that are arranged opposite to each other; The worktable is rotatably mounted on the first side of the base and is used to support the workpiece and form a surface grinding station; A dual-axis grinding device is disposed on the second side of the base, including a frame and a dual-axis grinding structure that can be raised and lowered and installed on the frame. The dual-axis grinding structure includes a first axis assembly and a second axis assembly arranged along the same vertical axis. The first axis assembly is vertically disposed on the upper side of the worktable and includes a first spindle and a first grinding wheel at the end. The second axis assembly can be axially raised and lowered relative to the first axis assembly to switch between rough grinding and fine grinding conditions. It includes a second spindle with the same axis as the first spindle and a second grinding wheel at the end. The grinding layers of the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are in an alternating expansion and contraction relationship in the axial direction. In the grinding state, the axial protrusion of one grinding layer is greater than the axial protrusion of the other, and an axial clearance is maintained between the two to realize the sequential switching of rough grinding and fine grinding.

2. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel have the same diameter, and their projections in the vertical direction cover the center of the worktable.

3. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first shaft assembly is a hollow spindle structure, and the second shaft assembly is coaxially inserted inside the first spindle.

4. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second shaft assembly is a hollow spindle structure, and the first shaft assembly is coaxially inserted inside the second spindle.

5. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The first grinding wheel is configured as a fine grinding wheel, and the second grinding wheel is configured as a coarse grinding wheel; the second grinding wheel is lowered relative to the first grinding wheel so that the axial protrusion of the second grinding wheel is greater than that of the first grinding wheel, or it is raised relative to the first grinding wheel so that the axial protrusion of the first grinding wheel is greater than that of the second grinding wheel.

6. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-axis grinding structure is provided with an axial lifting drive assembly for controlling the lifting and lowering of the second axis assembly relative to the first axis assembly. The axial lifting drive assembly includes a position detection unit for determining the lifting and lowering distance of the second axis assembly.

7. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The axial lifting drive assembly is disposed above the first shaft assembly, and guides and positions the second shaft assembly through the first main shaft and the end face positioning structure.

8. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The axial lifting drive assembly is configured as a pneumatic cylinder or an electric cylinder with a piston rod. The piston rod passes through the hollow cavity of the first main shaft and is connected to the second shaft assembly via a connecting structure to realize the axial lifting of the second shaft assembly.

9. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a lifting drive device located on the second side of the frame for driving the dual-axis grinding structure to move up and down; the lifting drive device includes a lifting seat with a lifting guide rail connected to the frame, and a lifting drive part disposed on the top of the lifting seat for driving the frame to move up and down along the lifting guide rail.

10. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-axis grinding structure also includes a rotary drive unit for driving the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel to rotate synchronously.

11. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower side of the worktable is provided with a rotary drive device for driving the worktable to rotate; the rotary drive device includes a rotating seat connecting the worktable and the base, and a rotary drive part disposed in the base for driving the rotating seat to rotate.

12. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first shaft assembly and / or the second shaft assembly are provided with a grinding wheel flange, a coaxiality adjustment structure or an end runout accuracy adjustment structure at their ends.

13. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench is equipped with a cooling spray assembly, a protective cover, and / or a negative pressure mist suction hood.

14. The workpiece grinding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first grinding wheel is an annular grinding wheel with a fine grinding layer at its bottom, and the second grinding wheel is a disc-shaped grinding wheel with a coarse grinding layer at its bottom; the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel form interlaced grinding areas in the radial and axial directions.

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