Crankshaft polishing machine with easy adjustment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of crankshaft polishing machines facilitating adjustment in the field of crankshaft processing, including polishing machine base, the upper end both sides of polishing machine base are equipped with rack plate, the upper end of rack plate is equipped with crankshaft polishing frame, the upper end of crankshaft polishing frame is evenly equipped with fixed plate from left to right, the side wall of fixed plate is equipped with sliding block, the side wall of crankshaft polishing frame is equipped with slide, the side wall of the fixed plate is equipped with screw hole, fastener is equipped in screw hole, the lower end of fastener is equipped with polishing disc, fastener includes fastening screw and anti -drop screw, fastening nut is screwed on the outside of fastening screw;The crankshaft polishing machine facilitating adjustment, structure design is reasonable, by setting slide in the side wall of crankshaft polishing frame, and installing sliding block in the side wall of fixed plate, cooperate the screw hole of the side wall of fixed plate and fastener, form the polishing unit of slidable adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of crankshaft processing technology, specifically to a crankshaft polishing machine that is easy to adjust. Background Technology

[0002] In the mechanical manufacturing fields of automobile engines and marine power systems, the crankshaft, as a core transmission component, directly affects power transmission efficiency and equipment lifespan due to its surface finish. Therefore, polishing is a critical process in crankshaft production. Currently, crankshaft polishing machines on the market mainly suffer from the following technical challenges:

[0003] Poor adaptability: Traditional polishing machines often have an integrated polishing disc fixing structure that can only be adapted to specific crankshaft models. When processing crankshafts of different lengths and diameters, the entire polishing frame assembly needs to be disassembled and replaced, which is a cumbersome process. Furthermore, the polishing accuracy can be affected by positioning deviations during the replacement process, making it difficult to meet the batch processing needs of crankshafts of various specifications.

[0004] Fasteners are prone to loosening: During polishing operations, the high-speed rotation of the polishing disc generates continuous vibration. Traditional fasteners (such as a single nut) are prone to gradually loosening under the action of vibration, causing the polishing disc to shift in position. This not only reduces the flatness of the polished surface, but may also cause equipment failure due to excessive friction between the polishing disc and the crankshaft, and even poses a safety hazard. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing technology. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an easily adjustable crankshaft polishing machine to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an easily adjustable crankshaft polishing machine, comprising a polishing machine base, with frame plates mounted on both sides of the upper end of the polishing machine base, a crankshaft polishing frame mounted on the upper end of the frame plates, and fixed plates evenly mounted from left to right on the upper end of the crankshaft polishing frame, with sliders installed on the side walls of the fixed plates, slide rails formed on the side walls of the crankshaft polishing frame, and screw holes formed on the side walls of the fixed plates, with fasteners installed in the screw holes, and polishing discs mounted on the lower ends of the fasteners, the fasteners including fastening screws and anti-detachment screws, with fastening nuts screwed onto the outside of the fastening screws, and anti-detachment grooves formed at the bottom end of the fastening screws, the anti-detachment screws being screwed into the anti-detachment grooves, and anti-detachment sleeves sleeved on the outside of the anti-detachment screws, with three limiting posts installed on the outer wall of the anti-detachment sleeves, the three limiting posts being triangularly distributed, and each limiting post having a spiral groove on its inner wall that mates with the fastening screw.

[0007] Preferably, the inner wall of the anti-detachment cylinder is provided with a reverse internal thread, and the outer part of the anti-detachment screw that fits with the anti-detachment cylinder is provided with a reverse external thread, and the reverse internal thread and the reverse external thread cooperate with each other.

[0008] Preferably, a turntable is installed at the end of the anti-detachment screw, and a cross groove is formed on the outer wall of the turntable.

[0009] Preferably, the outer wall of the fastening nut is provided with an annular groove, and the end of the limiting post is disposed in the annular groove.

[0010] Preferably, a retaining ring is fixedly installed on the upper outer end of the fastening screw, and an annular pressure plate, a spring, and an annular rubber sheet are fitted on the circumferential surface of the fastening screw.

[0011] Preferably, the annular pressure plate is located above the fixed ring, the spring is located above the annular pressure plate, the annular rubber sheet is located below the fixed ring, and a compression block is fixedly installed at the lower edge of the annular pressure plate.

[0012] Preferably, an electric push rod is installed on the side wall of the frame plate, and a crankshaft clamp is installed at the end of the electric push rod.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this utility model are as follows: This easily adjustable crankshaft polishing machine has a reasonable structural design. By opening a slide rail on the side wall of the crankshaft polishing frame and installing a slider on the side wall of the fixed plate, a sliding and adjustable polishing unit is formed in conjunction with the screw holes and fasteners on the side wall of the fixed plate. Operators do not need to disassemble the overall structure; they only need to loosen the fasteners to push the fixed plate to move laterally along the slide rail, quickly adjusting the spacing between adjacent polishing discs to adapt to crankshafts of different lengths and diameters. At the same time, the cooperation structure between the slider and the slide rail ensures the straightness of the fixed plate during movement, avoiding positioning deviations after adjustment, effectively improving the versatility and adjustment efficiency of the equipment, and reducing the changeover cost when processing multiple specifications. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the crankshaft polishing frame of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fastener of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-detachment cylinder of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-detachment screw of this utility model.

[0019] In the diagram: 1 Polishing machine base, 2 Frame plate, 3 Electric push rod, 4 Crankshaft chuck, 5 Crankshaft polishing frame, 6 Fixed plate, 7 Slide rail, 8 Slider, 9 Screw hole, 10 Fastener, 11 Annular groove, 12 Fixed ring, 13 Extrusion block, 14 Annular pressure plate, 15 Annular rubber sheet, 16 Spring, 17 Fastening screw, 18 Fastening nut, 19 Anti-loosening screw groove, 20 Anti-loosening cylinder, 21 Limiting post, 22 Anti-loosening screw, 23 Spiral groove, 24 Reverse internal thread, 25 Reverse external thread, 26 Turntable. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-4 This utility model provides a technical solution:

[0022] In this technical solution, an easily adjustable crankshaft polishing machine includes a polishing machine base 1. A frame plate 2 is mounted on both sides of the upper end of the polishing machine base 1. A crankshaft polishing frame 5 is mounted on the upper end of the frame plate 2. Fixing plates 6 are evenly mounted from left to right on the upper end of the crankshaft polishing frame 5. A slider 8 is installed on the side wall of the fixing plate 6. A slide rail 7 is provided on the side wall of the crankshaft polishing frame 5. A screw hole 9 is provided on the side wall of the fixing plate 6. A fastener 10 is installed in the screw hole 9. A polishing tool is installed at the lower end of the fastener 10. The optical disc fastener 10 includes a fastening screw 17 and an anti-loosening screw 21. A fastening nut 18 is screwed onto the outside of the fastening screw 17. An anti-loosening groove 19 is provided at the bottom end of the fastening screw 17. The anti-loosening screw 21 is screwed into the anti-loosening groove 19. An anti-loosening sleeve 20 is sleeved on the outside of the anti-loosening screw 21. Three limiting posts 26 are installed on the outer wall of the anti-loosening sleeve 20. The three limiting posts 26 are distributed in a triangle. The inner wall of each limiting post 26 is provided with a spiral groove 22 that cooperates with the fastening screw 17.

[0023] The polishing machine base is made of gray cast iron HT300, a material known for its high strength (tensile strength ≥300MPa) and good shock absorption (elastic modulus 1.2×10⁻⁶). 5MPa) and wear resistance, which can effectively absorb the vibration during polishing operations. The overall size of the base is 1200mm×800mm×200mm (length×width×height). Φ18mm anchor bolt holes are opened at the four corners of the bottom. The center of the hole is 80mm away from the edge of the base. M16×80mm high-strength anchor bolts (8.8 grade) are installed. A 5mm thick nitrile rubber shock-absorbing pad (Shore hardness 60±5) is added between the bolt and the ground. The compression of the shock-absorbing pad is controlled at 10%-15% to ensure that the amplitude of the equipment is ≤0.1mm during operation. The upper surface of the base is precision milled with a flatness error of ≤0.05mm / m for fitting and assembly with the frame plate (2).

[0024] Specific data:

[0025] Material: HT300 gray cast iron; Dimensions: 1200×800×200mm; Anchor bolts: M16×80mm (8.8 grade); Vibration damping pads: Nitrile rubber (5mm thick, Shore hardness 60±5); Top surface flatness: ≤0.05mm / m; Amplitude requirement: ≤0.1mm.

[0026] The frame plate is cold-rolled from Q235B carbon structural steel with a thickness of 12mm and a single piece size of 800mm×500mm×12mm (height×width×thickness). The frame plate and the base (1) are detachably connected. Two parallel positioning pin holes (Φ10mm×20mm deep) are machined on the upper surface of the base corresponding to the position of the frame plate. Φ10mm×18mm positioning pins are welded to the bottom of the frame plate. During assembly, the gap between the positioning pins and the pin holes is ≤0.02mm to ensure the coaxiality of the frame plate. At the same time, it is fastened with 4 sets of M12×30mm hexagonal socket bolts (8.8 grade) with a bolt spacing of 200mm. Φ16mm spring washers (65Mn material) are added to the bolt heads to prevent loosening. 5mm thick triangular ribs (size 100mm×80mm) are welded to the inner side of the frame plate with a rib spacing of 150mm to enhance the bending resistance (maximum deflection ≤0.2mm / 1000mm).

[0027] Specific data:

[0028] Material: Q235B steel; Dimensions: 800×500×12mm; Locating pin: Φ10mm×18mm; Fastening bolt: M12×30mm (8.8 grade); Rib plate: 5mm thick, 100×80mm; Deflection requirement: ≤0.2mm / 1000mm; Fit clearance: locating pin and pin hole ≤0.02mm.

[0029] The crankshaft polishing frame is welded from 6061-T6 aluminum alloy profiles. The frame cross-section dimensions are 80mm×60mm×5mm (length×width×wall thickness). The overall length is set to 1500mm according to the maximum processing specifications of the crankshaft. Both ends are fastened to the frame plate (2) with M16×40mm bolts (8.8 grade). The bolts penetrate the frame plate and the side wall of the polishing frame. Double nuts are installed at the ends to prevent loosening. Two parallel slides (7) are opened on the upper surface of the polishing frame. The slides have a rectangular cross-section (width 15mm×depth 10mm) and a length of 1400mm. A safety stroke of 50mm is reserved at both ends. The inner wall of the slide is anodized (oxide film thickness 10-15μm) with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm to reduce the frictional resistance of the slider (8).

[0030] Specific data:

[0031] Material: 6061-T6 aluminum alloy; Frame cross-section: 80×60×5mm; Length: 1500mm; Fastening bolts: M16×40mm (8.8 grade); Slide rail: 15×10mm (width×depth), length 1400mm; Oxide film thickness: 10-15μm; Surface roughness: Ra≤0.8μm.

[0032] The fixing plate (6) is forged from No. 45 steel, with dimensions of 150mm×100mm×20mm (length×width×thickness). The surface is heat-treated (hardness HRC28-32), and the flatness of the upper surface is precision milled to ≤0.03mm. The slider (8) is integrally forged with the fixing plate (6). The slider cross-section is "T" shaped (width 14.8mm×height 9.8mm). The clearance between the slider and the slide rail (7) is controlled at 0.02-0.05mm. A 2mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant sheet (friction coefficient 0.04-0.06) is pasted on the bottom of the slider. The wear-resistant sheet is fixed by M3×5mm countersunk screws, with the screw head 0.5mm lower than the slider surface. Polyurethane buffer blocks (dimensions 20×15×10mm) are installed at both ends of the slide rail (7). When the buffer block is compressed by 5mm, the impact force is ≤50N to prevent the slider from hitting the end.

[0033] Specific data:

[0034] Fixed plate material: 45 steel (quenched and tempered HRC28-32); Dimensions: 150×100×20mm; Slider cross section: 14.8×9.8mm; Fit clearance: 0.02-0.05mm; Wear-resistant sheet: polytetrafluoroethylene (2mm thick, coefficient of friction 0.04-0.06); Buffer block: polyurethane (20×15×10mm, impact force ≤50N).

[0035] The screw hole (9) is located at the center of the fixing plate (6). It is a blind hole with a diameter of M18, a thread accuracy of 6H, a hole depth of 30mm, and a 3×45° chamfer at the hole opening to avoid thread damage. The fastening screw (17) of the fastener (10) is made of 40Cr alloy steel with a diameter of Φ18mm, a length of 80mm, a thread length of 40mm (accuracy 6g), and the surface of the rod is chrome-plated (plating thickness 5-8μm) for rust prevention. The polishing disc is a bowl-shaped structure (outer diameter 120mm×inner diameter 50mm×thickness 15mm), made of brown corundum abrasive (grid size 80#-120#), and the base is aluminum alloy (6061-T6). It is connected to the bottom of the fastening screw (17) by an M12×20mm bolt with a bolt tightening torque of 25N・m and a polishing disc runout of ≤0.05mm.

[0036] Specific data:

[0037] Screw hole: M18 (6H), depth 30mm; Fastening screw material: 40Cr (quenched and tempered HRC35-40); Dimensions: Φ18×80mm; Polishing disc: Brown corundum (80#-120#), 120×50×15mm (outer diameter×inner diameter×thickness); Runout: ≤0.05mm; Tightening torque: 25N・m.

[0038] The anti-loosening screw (17) is made of the same material as the fastening screw (17) (40Cr), with a diameter of Φ12mm, a length of 40mm, and a thread length of 25mm (precision 6g). The anti-loosening screw groove (19) is opened at the center of the bottom end of the fastening screw (17), with a hole diameter of M12 (6H) and a depth of 25mm. The clearance between the anti-loosening screw and the anti-loosening screw is ≤0.03mm. The anti-loosening cylinder (20) is made of seamless 45# steel pipe, with an inner diameter of Φ13mm (0.5mm clearance with the anti-loosening screw), an outer diameter of Φ25mm, a length of 35mm, an inner wall roughness Ra≤1.6μm, and an outer wall welded to the limiting post (21) (welding current 120-150A, weld height 5mm).

[0039] Specific data:

[0040] Anti-slip screw: Φ12×40mm (40Cr); Anti-slip groove: M12 (6H), depth 25mm; Anti-slip sleeve: 45 steel, Φ13×Φ25×35mm (inner diameter×outer diameter×length); Welding parameters: current 120-150A, weld height 5mm; Fit clearance: ≤0.03mm.

[0041] The limiting post (21) is machined from a No. 45 steel round bar with a diameter of Φ10mm and a length of 35mm. The three limiting posts are evenly distributed at 120° with the anti-detachment cylinder (20) axis as the center, and the ends are chamfered at 2×45°. The spiral groove (22) is opened on the inner wall of the limiting post. The groove is 5mm wide and 2mm deep. The pitch is consistent with the fastening screw (17) (2.5mm). The spiral angle is 30°. The groove wall roughness Ra≤1.6μm. The thread engagement depth with the fastening screw is ≥1.5mm to ensure that the limiting post moves synchronously along the screw axis when the anti-detachment cylinder rotates.

[0042] Specific data:

[0043] Limiting post material: 45 steel (quenched HRC40-45); size: Φ10×35mm; distribution angle: 120°; spiral groove: width 5mm, depth 2mm, pitch 2.5mm, spiral angle 30°; engagement depth: ≥1.5mm.

[0044] In some technical solutions, the inner wall of the anti-detachment cylinder 20 is provided with a reverse internal thread 23, and the outer part of the anti-detachment screw 21 that fits with the anti-detachment cylinder 20 is provided with a reverse external thread 24, and the reverse internal thread 23 and the reverse external thread 24 are matched.

[0045] The reverse internal thread (23) is opened on the upper end of the inner wall of the anti-loosening cylinder (20), with a specification of M14×1.5 (left-hand, precision 6H), a thread length of 15mm, a tooth angle of 60°, a thread major diameter of Φ14mm, and a minor diameter of Φ12.376mm. The reverse external thread (24) is machined on the upper end of the anti-loosening screw (17), with a specification matching the reverse internal thread (M14×1.5 left-hand, precision 6g), a thread length of 15mm, and a fitting clearance of 0.02-0.04mm with the reverse internal thread. Through the reverse design of "left-hand thread and right-hand thread of fastening screw", the loosening torque generated by polishing vibration is offset (anti-loosening torque ≥30N・m).

[0046] Specific data:

[0047] Thread specification: M14×1.5 (left-hand); Accuracy: internal thread 6H, external thread 6g; Thread length: 15mm; Tooth angle: 60°; Fit clearance: 0.02-0.04mm; Anti-loosening torque: ≥30N・m.

[0048] In some technical solutions, a turntable 25 is installed at the end of the anti-detachment screw 21, and a cross groove is opened on the outer wall of the turntable 25.

[0049] The turntable (25) is injection molded from ABS engineering plastic, with a diameter of Φ30mm and a thickness of 8mm. A Φ12mm inner hole is opened in the center (interference fit with the anti-loosening screw, interference amount 0.01-0.02mm), and it is fixed to the end of the anti-loosening screw by a tight fit. A cross groove is opened on the upper surface of the turntable, with a groove width of 5mm, a groove depth of 2mm, and a groove wall radius of R0.5mm, which is compatible with a regular cross screwdriver (specification PH2). The edge of the turntable is knurled (pattern spacing 1mm) to increase the friction of manual rotation (friction coefficient ≥0.3). The thread tightening can be achieved with a rotation torque of 5-8N・m.

[0050] Specific data:

[0051] Turntable material: ABS plastic; size: Φ30×8mm; inner hole: Φ12mm (interference 0.01-0.02mm); cross groove: 5mm wide, 2mm deep; knurl pitch: 1mm; rotation torque: 5-8N・m.

[0052] In some technical solutions, the outer wall of the fastening nut 18 is provided with an annular groove 11, and the end of the limiting post 26 is set in the annular groove 11.

[0053] An annular groove (11) is formed in the middle of the outer wall of the fastening nut (18). The cross-section is semi-circular (diameter 8mm) and the groove depth is 4mm. The groove wall surface is polished (roughness Ra≤0.8μm). Molybdenum disulfide grease (filling amount 50%) is applied inside the groove to reduce friction and wear between the end of the limiting post (21) and the groove wall. The end of the limiting post (21) is machined into a hemispherical shape (radius 4mm) with a fit of ≥90% with the annular groove. The maximum friction force during rotation is ≤10N to ensure that the limiting post slides synchronously when the fastening nut rotates.

[0054] Specific data:

[0055] Annular groove: semi-circular (8mm in diameter), 4mm in depth; surface roughness: Ra≤0.8μm; grease: molybdenum disulfide (50% filling); end of limiting post: hemispherical (R4mm); fit: ≥90%; maximum friction force: ≤10N.

[0056] In some technical solutions, a retaining ring 12 is fixedly installed on the upper outer end of the fastening screw 17, and an annular pressure plate 14, a spring 16 and an annular rubber sheet 15 are fitted on the circumferential surface of the fastening screw 17.

[0057] The retaining ring (12) is machined from 45# steel, with an inner diameter of Φ18mm (interference fit with the fastening screw, interference amount 0.01mm), an outer diameter of Φ30mm, a thickness of 5mm, and a chrome-plated surface for rust prevention. The annular pressure plate (14) is stamped from 65Mn spring steel, with an inner diameter of Φ18.2mm (0.2mm gap with the fastening screw), an outer diameter of Φ40mm, a thickness of 3mm, and a zinc-plated surface (plating thickness 5μm). The spring (16) is a cylindrical helical compression spring, made of 50CrVA, with a wire diameter of Φ3mm, an outer diameter of Φ25mm, a free length of 25mm, a working stroke of 10mm, a stiffness of 8N / mm, and no permanent deformation when the maximum compression is 15mm. The annular rubber sheet (15) is vulcanized from nitrile rubber, with an inner diameter of Φ18mm, an outer diameter of Φ35mm, a thickness of 6mm, a Shore hardness of 70±5, and a rebound rate of ≥95% when the compression is 2mm.

[0058] Specific data:

[0059] Retaining ring: Φ18×Φ30×5mm (45# steel); Annular pressure plate: Φ18.2×Φ40×3mm (65Mn); Spring: Φ3×Φ25×25mm (50CrVA), stiffness 8N / mm; Annular rubber sheet: Φ18×Φ35×6mm (nitrile rubber, Shore 70±5); Resilience rate: ≥95%.

[0060] In some technical solutions, an electric push rod 3 is installed on the side wall of the frame plate 2, and a crankshaft chuck 4 is installed at the end of the electric push rod 3.

[0061] The electric actuator (3) is a ball screw type electric actuator, model DT500, rated thrust 500N, rated speed 80mm / s, stroke 200mm, positioning accuracy ±0.1mm, motor power 200W (220VAC), protection level IP54, working temperature -10℃-60℃. The crankshaft chuck (4) is a three-jaw self-centering chuck, made of 45 steel (quenched HRC45-50), clamping range Φ50-Φ200mm, centering accuracy ≤0.02mm, jaw stroke 15mm, and is connected to the end of the electric actuator through a flange (Φ100mm×10mm thick). The flange is fastened with 4 sets of M8×15mm bolts, and the bolt tightening torque is 12N・m.

[0062] Specific data:

[0063] Electric linear actuator model: DT500; Thrust: 500N; Speed: 80mm / s; Stroke: 200mm; Positioning accuracy: ±0.1mm; Clamping range: Φ50-Φ200mm; Centering accuracy: ≤0.02mm; Tightening torque: 12N・m.

[0064] I. Equipment preparation stage (5-8 minutes)

[0065] Basic checks and startup

[0066] The operator first checks whether the anchor bolts (M16×80mm, grade 8.8) of the polishing machine base (1) are tight, and whether the compression of the shock-absorbing pad (5mm thick nitrile rubber, Shore hardness 60±5) is within the range of 10%-15% to ensure that the equipment amplitude is ≤0.1mm; at the same time, confirm that the base grounding device (M8 grounding bolt + 6mm² copper core grounding wire) is reliably connected to avoid the risk of leakage.

[0067] Connect the main power supply of the equipment (220VAC), turn on the power switch of the control box, and check whether the power indicator lights of the electric push rod (model DT500) and the polishing disc drive motor (1.5kW) are normal, and whether the PLC controller has entered the standby state (position feedback accuracy 0.05mm).

[0068] Check the amount of lithium-based grease filling (30%) on the inner wall of the anti-detachment cylinder (20) and the amount of molybdenum disulfide grease filling (50%) in the annular groove (11). If the lubrication is insufficient, the corresponding type of grease should be added to ensure that the friction coefficient of each moving part meets the requirements (friction coefficient of the slider wear-resistant sheet is 0.04-0.06).

[0069] Polishing disc pre-assembly and inspection

[0070] Connect the brown fused alumina polishing disc (80#-120# grit, 120×50×15mm) to the bottom of the fastening screw (17) with an M12×20mm bolt. Tighten the bolt with a torque wrench to a torque of 25 N·m to ensure that the runout of the polishing disc is ≤0.05mm. Then install a transparent acrylic protective cover (150mm in diameter and 80mm in height) to prevent polishing dust from splashing.

[0071] Manually rotate the turntable (25) (ABS material, Φ30×8mm) to drive the anti-loosening screw (17) to rotate through the cross groove (5mm wide, 2mm deep). Check the meshing state of the reverse internal thread (23) and the reverse external thread (24) (M14×1.5 left-hand thread) to ensure that the anti-loosening torque is ≥30N・m. At the same time, check the alignment line at the connection between the anti-loosening screw and the fastening screw to confirm that there is no initial loosening.

[0072] II. Polishing parameter adjustment stage (10-15 minutes, depending on crankshaft specifications)

[0073] Adjustable spacing between fixed plates (to match crankshaft length)

[0074] According to the length of the crankshaft to be processed (e.g., 300-1200mm), loosen the M8 locking handle on the side of the fixing plate (6) (15N・m rotational torque for unlocking), and push the fixing plate to move laterally along the slide (7) (15×10mm rectangular cross section).

[0075] Refer to the millimeter scale (1mm accuracy) on the side of the polishing rack and adjust the spacing between adjacent fixing plates to match the crankshaft section to be polished (e.g., spacing 150-200mm). During the adjustment process, ensure that the clearance between the slider (8) (T-section 14.8×9.8mm) and the slide is kept at 0.02-0.05mm to avoid jamming.

[0076] After adjustment, tighten the M8 locking handle to 15 N·m to lock the slider position; at the same time, check whether the polyurethane buffer blocks (20×15×10mm) at both ends of the slide are intact, and ensure that the impact force at the end of the slider stroke is ≤50N.

[0077] Preset polishing pressure (for crankshaft diameter)

[0078] Rotate the fastening nut (18) to compress the spring (16) (50CrVA material, stiffness 8N / mm) through the annular pressure plate (14) (65Mn material, Φ18.2×Φ40×3mm), and adjust the spring pre-compression to 5mm, corresponding to an initial pressure of 40N; at the same time, observe the compression state of the annular rubber sheet (15) (nitrile rubber, Shore hardness 70±5) to ensure that it fits tightly with the fixing plate (6) without gaps.

[0079] Based on the crankshaft diameter (Φ50-Φ200mm), the initial stroke of the electric push rod (3) is set by the PLC controller so that the coaxiality error between the central axis of the crankshaft chuck (4) and the rotation axis of the polishing disc is ≤0.02mm, laying the foundation for subsequent clamping and positioning.

[0080] III. Crankshaft clamping and positioning stage (3-5 minutes)

[0081] Crankshaft clamping and centering

[0082] Hoist the crankshaft to be polished to the center of the equipment and align the journals at both ends of the crankshaft with the crankshaft chuck (4) (three-jaw self-centering chuck, clamping range Φ50-Φ200mm); select the "manual clamping" mode on the PLC controller and control the electric push rod to extend at a speed of 80mm / s to push the crankshaft chuck closer to the end of the crankshaft.

[0083] When the chuck contacts the crankshaft journal, switch to "automatic centering" mode. The electric push rod slowly applies clamping force at a rated thrust of 500N. At the same time, the position of the chuck is adjusted through the position feedback system (accuracy ±0.1mm) to ensure that the crankshaft centering accuracy is ≤0.02mm. The serrated pattern (tooth depth 0.5mm) on the surface of the chuck enhances friction and prevents the crankshaft from slipping when rotating.

[0084] After clamping, manually rotate the crankshaft one revolution to check the gap between the crankshaft and the polishing disc (leave 0.5-1mm polishing allowance). If the gap is uneven, fine-tune the electric push rod stroke via PLC (single adjustment amount ≤0.05mm) until the gap meets the requirements.

[0085] Safety interlock inspection

[0086] Check that the M8×15mm bolts (12N・m tightening torque) on the crankshaft clamp flange (Φ100×10mm) are tight, and confirm that the electric actuator protection level (IP54) meets the operating environment requirements (-10℃-60℃).

[0087] Initiate an emergency stop test on the equipment, simulating an abnormal situation that triggers the emergency stop button, and check whether the polishing disc motor is immediately powered off and whether the electric push rod stops moving, ensuring that the safety interlock function is effective.

[0088] IV. Automatic polishing stage (20-60 minutes, depending on polishing precision requirements)

[0089] Polishing Start-up and Parameter Monitoring

[0090] Set the polishing parameters on the PLC controller: polishing disc speed 1500-2000r / min (driven by 1.5kW motor), polishing feed speed (matched with crankshaft rotation speed, such as 5-10mm / min), and polishing pressure adaptive range (spring working stroke 10mm, corresponding pressure 40-120N).

[0091] Click the "Automatic Polishing" button and the equipment will start according to the preset program: First, the polishing disc motor starts. After the speed stabilizes (above 1500r / min), the electric push rod drives the crankshaft to feed slowly, so that the surface of the crankshaft contacts the polishing disc and the polishing operation begins.

[0092] During the polishing process, the spring (16) adapts to the undulations of the crankshaft surface (stiffness 8N / mm), and the polishing pressure is adjusted by the annular pressure plate (14) to avoid local over-polishing; at the same time, the annular rubber sheet (15) absorbs some vibration, and in conjunction with the base damping pad, further reduces the equipment amplitude (≤0.1mm).

[0093] Real-time status monitoring and adjustment

[0094] Operators can monitor the polishing status in real time through the observation window of the protective cover, check the wear of the polishing disc (if the wear is ≥2mm, the machine must be stopped and the disc replaced), and check whether the alignment line of the anti-loosening screw is misaligned (if it is misaligned, the machine must be stopped and the screws retightened).

[0095] The PLC controller collects real-time data on the electric actuator position (feedback accuracy 0.05mm) and the polishing disc motor current (normal operating current ≤6.8A). If an abnormal current occurs (such as overload) or the position deviation exceeds the tolerance (≥0.05mm), the equipment will automatically stop and alarm, and will restart after the fault is cleared.

[0096] For curved or irregularly shaped crankshaft sections, the equipment uses a pressure sensor (preset at the annular pressure plate) to provide real-time feedback on the contact pressure and automatically adjusts the spring compression to ensure that the flatness error of the polished surface is ≤0.03mm.

[0097] V. Polishing and workpiece unloading stage (5-8 minutes)

[0098] Polishing shutdown and parameter recording

[0099] After the polishing operation is completed, the PLC controller first controls the electric push rod to drive the crankshaft backward to disengage from the polishing disc, then turns off the polishing disc motor, and after the polishing disc has completely stopped rotating (about 30 seconds), the protective cover is opened.

[0100] Record the polishing parameters for this process: polishing time, polishing disc speed, actual polishing pressure range, crankshaft specifications, etc., to create a production record for easy quality traceability later.

[0101] Crankshaft unloading and equipment cleaning

[0102] Select "Clamp Unlock" on the PLC controller. The electric push rod retracts at a speed of 80mm / s, releasing the crankshaft clamp. Use hoisting equipment to remove the polished crankshaft and place it on a special support frame to prevent crankshaft deformation.

[0103] Clean the polishing dust from the surfaces of the polishing frame (5) and slide (7), and use compressed air (0.5MPa pressure) to blow away the dust in the annular rotating groove (11) and anti-screw groove (19) to prevent dust from entering the movement gap and affecting accuracy.

[0104] Check the wear of each component: the wear of the hemispherical part (R4mm) at the end of the limit post (21) (if ≥2mm, it needs to be replaced), the groove depth of the annular groove (11) (if worn to 2mm, the fastening nut needs to be replaced), and the wear of the wear-resistant sheet (2mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene) of the slider (if ≤1mm, it needs to be replaced), to ensure that the equipment is in good condition for the next operation.

[0105] Equipment shutdown and maintenance prompts

[0106] Turn off the PLC controller power and the main power supply of the equipment, and disconnect the power connection except for the grounding device; mark the maintenance requirements after this operation (such as replacing the polishing disc, replenishing grease, etc.) on the equipment status board to prepare for the next operation.

[0107] VI. Handling Special Situations (Responding to Abnormalities During Operations)

[0108] Polishing disc loose alarm

[0109] If the anti-loosening screw misaligns during the polishing process, the equipment will trigger a loosening alarm. The machine must be stopped immediately, and the anti-loosening screw must be tightened again by turning (25) to ensure that the reverse thread is engaged. The operation can only be restarted after the anti-loosening torque is restored to ≥30N・m.

[0110] Crankshaft clamping offset

[0111] If the PLC detects that the crankshaft centering accuracy is out of tolerance (>0.02mm), the machine needs to be stopped and the "automatic centering" program restarted. The electric push rod stroke is then finely adjusted. If necessary, the wear of the serrations on the chucks should be checked. If the tooth depth is <0.3mm, the chucks need to be replaced.

[0112] Slider lag

[0113] If the slider gets stuck when adjusting the fixed plate, loosen the locking handle and check the clearance between the slider and the slide rail (if it is greater than 0.05mm, the wear-resistant pad of the slider needs to be replaced). At the same time, clean the dust in the slide rail, add grease, and then readjust.

[0114] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0115] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the embodiments disclosed in this invention can be combined with each other in any way. The lack of an exhaustive description of these combinations in this specification is merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An easily adjustable crankshaft polishing machine, comprising a polishing machine base (1), characterized in that: The upper sides of the polishing machine base (1) are equipped with frame plates (2). A crankshaft polishing frame (5) is mounted on the upper end of the frame plate (2). A fixing plate (6) is evenly mounted on the upper end of the crankshaft polishing frame (5) from left to right. A slider (8) is installed on the side wall of the fixing plate (6). A slide rail (7) is opened on the side wall of the crankshaft polishing frame (5). A screw hole (9) is opened on the side wall of the fixing plate (6). A fastener (10) is installed in the screw hole (9). A polishing disc is installed at the lower end of the fastener (10). The fastener (10) includes a fastening screw. (17) and anti-detachment screw (21), the fastening screw (17) is screwed with a fastening nut (18), the bottom end of the fastening screw (17) is provided with an anti-detachment groove (19), the anti-detachment screw (21) is screwed in the anti-detachment groove (19), the anti-detachment screw (21) is sleeved with an anti-detachment sleeve (20), the outer wall of the anti-detachment sleeve (20) is equipped with three limiting posts (26), the three limiting posts (26) are distributed in a triangle, and the inner wall of each limiting post (26) is provided with a spiral groove (22) that cooperates with the fastening screw (17).

2. The crankshaft polishing machine that is easy to adjust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the anti-detachment cylinder (20) is provided with a reverse internal thread (23), and the outer part of the anti-detachment screw (21) is provided with a reverse external thread (24) at the contact point with the anti-detachment cylinder (20), and the reverse internal thread (23) and the reverse external thread (24) are matched.

3. The crankshaft polishing machine that is easy to adjust according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the anti-detachment screw (21) is equipped with a turntable (25), and the outer wall of the turntable (25) is provided with a cross groove.

4. The crankshaft polishing machine that is easy to adjust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the fastening nut (18) is provided with an annular groove (11), and the end of the limiting post (26) is located in the annular groove (11).

5. The crankshaft polishing machine that is easy to adjust according to claim 1, characterized in that: A retaining ring (12) is fixedly installed on the upper outer end of the fastening screw (17), and an annular pressure plate (14), a spring (16) and an annular rubber sheet (15) are fitted on the circumferential surface of the fastening screw (17).

6. The crankshaft polishing machine that is easy to adjust according to claim 5, characterized in that: The annular pressure plate (14) is located on the upper side of the fixed ring (12), the spring (16) is located on the upper side of the annular pressure plate (14), the annular rubber sheet (15) is located on the lower side of the fixed ring (12), and a compression block (13) is fixedly installed at the lower edge of the annular pressure plate (14).

7. The easily adjustable crankshaft polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electric push rod (3) is installed on the side wall of the frame plate (2), and a crankshaft chuck (4) is installed at the end of the electric push rod (3).

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