Locking device and electric vehicle

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a locking device and an electric vehicle, and particularly relates to the technical field of battery swapping. The locking device comprises a locking nut and a lock body assembly. The lock body assembly comprises a locking bolt, a driving member, an elastic member, and a limiting structure. The locking bolt comprises a threaded segment and a connecting segment with a first accommodating cavity. The threaded segment is used for threaded cooperation with the locking nut. The driving member comprises a matching segment with a second accommodating cavity and a driving segment. The matching segment is matched in the first accommodating cavity to drive the locking bolt to rotate when the driving segment receives an external driving force. The elastic member is arranged in a space formed by the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity. The limiting structure is used for fixed connection with a second external part and is used for limiting the axial displacement amount of the driving member relative to the locking bolt, so that the elastic member is compressed in the space and abuts against the locking bolt and the driving member, respectively. The locking device can improve the reliability and smoothness of the mechanism action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of electric vehicle technology, and more particularly to the field of battery swapping technology, specifically to a locking device and an electric vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the gradual popularization and rapid development of electric vehicles, the trend of vehicle electrification has become increasingly apparent, and the technology has also improved significantly. Electric vehicles use power batteries as their driving force, but power batteries are difficult to charge completely in a short time. Therefore, the main way to ensure that new energy vehicles can replenish their power in a short time is "battery swapping." To improve the speed of battery swapping, locking mechanisms are generally used to fix the power battery to the vehicle body.

[0003] The methods described in this section are not necessarily methods that had been previously conceived or adopted. Unless otherwise specified, no method described in this section should be assumed to be prior art simply because it is included in this section. Similarly, unless otherwise specified, the issues mentioned in this section should not be considered to be accepted in any prior art. Utility Model Content

[0004] This disclosure provides a locking device and an electric vehicle.

[0005] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a locking device is provided for detachably connecting a first outer component and a second outer component. The locking device comprises a locking nut assembly and a lock body assembly. The locking nut assembly is used for fixed connection with the first outer component and includes a locking nut. The lock body assembly includes a locking bolt, a driving member, an elastic member, and a limiting structure. The locking bolt includes a threaded section and a connecting section having a first receiving cavity. The threaded section is used for threaded engagement with the locking nut. The driving member includes a mating section and a driving section. The mating section engages with the locking nut. Within a first receiving cavity, when the driving section receives an external driving force, the locking bolt is driven to rotate by the engagement of the outer contour of the cross-section of the mating section with the inner contour of the cross-section of the first receiving cavity. The mating section has a second receiving cavity. The elastic member is disposed within the space formed by the first receiving cavity and the second receiving cavity. The limiting structure is used to fixally connect with the second external component and is configured to limit the axial displacement of the driving member relative to the locking bolt, so that the elastic member is compressed within the space and abuts against the locking bolt and the driving member respectively.

[0006] In some embodiments, the inner cross-sectional contour of the first receiving cavity and the outer cross-sectional contour of the mating segment are both polygons.

[0007] In some embodiments, the polygon is a regular polygon.

[0008] In some embodiments, the regular polygon is a regular hexagon.

[0009] In some embodiments, the inner profile of the cross-section of the second receiving cavity is circular.

[0010] In some embodiments, the limiting structure is configured as a lock body outer cover having an outer cover cavity, the connecting section and the mating section being located within the outer cover cavity, and the threaded section and the driving section extending out of the lock body outer cover through through holes at both ends of the outer cover cavity.

[0011] In some embodiments, the inner contour of the cross-section of the inner cavity of the outer cover and the outer contour of the cross-section of the connecting section are both circular, and the inner circumferential surface of the inner cavity of the outer cover and the outer circumferential surface of the connecting section slide in fit to axially guide the locking bolt.

[0012] In some embodiments, the lock outer cover includes a housing and a locking plate. The housing has the inner cavity of the outer cover, and one end of the housing is provided with an installation opening communicating with the inner cavity of the outer cover. The locking plate is detachably covered by the installation opening to close the inner cavity of the outer cover. The through holes at both ends of the inner cavity of the outer cover are respectively provided at the end of the housing opposite to the installation opening and on the locking plate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the locking plate is provided with a first engaging portion, and the driving member is provided with a second engaging portion that can engage with the first engaging portion.

[0014] In some embodiments, the elastic member applies a preload force toward the locking piece to the drive member so that the first engaging portion and the second engaging portion remain in a mutually locking engagement state.

[0015] In some embodiments, both the first engagement portion and the second engagement portion are anti-loosening teeth distributed along the circumferential direction.

[0016] In some embodiments, the locking nut assembly further includes a nut seat for fixed connection with the first external component, the nut seat having a third receiving cavity, the locking nut having a limiting flange that is radially and buoyantly fitted within the third receiving cavity, and the radial dimension of the limiting flange being smaller than the radial dimension of the third receiving cavity.

[0017] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an electric vehicle is provided, characterized in that it includes the locking device of this disclosure, wherein the first external component is a vehicle body and the second external component is a power battery pack.

[0018] According to one or more embodiments of this disclosure, the reliability and smoothness of mechanism operation can be improved.

[0019] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings exemplify embodiments and form part of the specification, serving together with the textual description to explain exemplary implementations of the embodiments. The illustrated embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the claims. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals refer to similar but not necessarily identical elements.

[0021] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 An exploded view of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the locking bolt of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the drive component of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the drive component of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown from another perspective; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the housing of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the housing of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown from another perspective; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the locking plate of the locking device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the locking nut assembly of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure label: Locking nut assembly 100, locking nut 110, limiting flange 111, nut seat 120, third receiving cavity 121; Lock body assembly 200, locking bolt 210, driving component 220, elastic component 230, limiting structure 240; Threaded section 211, first receiving cavity 212, connecting section 213; The mating section 221, the driving section 222, the second receiving cavity 223, and the second meshing part 224; Housing 241, locking plate 242, first engaging part 243. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 9 ,in, Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 An exploded view of the locking device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the locking bolt of the locking device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 4 and Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the drive component of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6 and Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the housing of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the locking plate of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the locking nut assembly of the locking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] According to embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a locking device is provided for detachable connection of a first outer component and a second outer component. The locking device includes a locking nut assembly 100 and a lock body assembly 200.

[0027] The locking nut assembly 100 is used for fixed connection with the first external component and includes a locking nut 110. The lock body assembly 200 includes a locking bolt 210, a drive member 220, an elastic member 230, and a limiting structure 240.

[0028] The locking bolt 210 includes a threaded section 211 and a connecting section 213 having a first receiving cavity 212. The threaded section 211 is used to thread into the locking nut 110. The driving member 220 includes a mating section 221 and a driving section 222. The mating section 221 is mated in the first receiving cavity 212 so that when the driving section 222 receives an external driving force, the locking bolt 210 is driven to rotate by the mating of the outer contour of the cross-section of the mating section 221 with the inner contour of the cross-section of the first receiving cavity 212. The mating section 221 has a second receiving cavity 223. The elastic member 230 is disposed in the space formed by the first receiving cavity 212 and the second receiving cavity 223. The limiting structure 240 is used to fixally connect with the second external component and is configured to limit the axial displacement of the driving member 220 relative to the locking bolt 210 so that the elastic member 230 is compressed in the space and abuts against the locking bolt 210 and the driving member 220 respectively.

[0029] Thus, by nesting the locking bolt with the first accommodating cavity and the driving component with the second accommodating cavity, and by using a limiting structure to restrict the axial displacement of the driving component relative to the locking bolt, the elastic component is compressed within the space formed by the first and second accommodating cavities, and abuts against the locking bolt and the driving component respectively. This achieves physical isolation between the elastic component and the transmission engagement surfaces of each component, and from a structural logic perspective, completely eliminates the physical possibility of the end of the elastic component getting stuck in the transmission gap, significantly improving the reliability and smoothness of the mechanism's operation.

[0030] In some embodiments, the inner cross-sectional contour of the first receiving cavity 212 and the outer cross-sectional contour of the mating section 221 can both be polygons. By defining both the inner cross-sectional contour of the first receiving cavity and the outer cross-sectional contour of the mating section as polygons, reliable torque transmission between the drive member and the locking bolt is achieved by utilizing the circumferential limiting effect provided by the polygonal edges.

[0031] In some embodiments, the inner profile of the cross-section of the first receiving cavity 212 and the outer profile of the cross-section of the mating section 221 can be a spline transmission structure or a gear transmission structure that meshes with each other. For example, by providing a plurality of circumferentially distributed protrusions on the outer peripheral surface of the mating section 221 and correspondingly providing matching receiving grooves on the inner wall of the first receiving cavity 212, torque transmission is achieved by multi-tooth meshing.

[0032] In some embodiments, the polygon can be a regular polygon. By further designing the polygon as a regular polygon, the symmetry and uniformity of torque transmission in the circumferential direction are ensured, reducing stress concentration caused by eccentric forces. Simultaneously, the symmetrical structure of the regular polygon facilitates the smooth insertion of the mating section into the first receiving cavity at multiple angles, reducing assembly difficulty. Furthermore, compared to spline drives, the above structure can improve the torsional stiffness of the quick-change bolt within the same space, increasing the bolt's breaking torque and thus extending its service life. In some embodiments, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the aforementioned regular polygon can be a regular hexagon. By specifically designing the regular polygon as a regular hexagon, transmission efficiency can be further improved.

[0033] In some embodiments, the regular polygon described above may also be a regular quadrilateral or a regular octagon. It is understood that those skilled in the art can determine the number of sides of the regular polygon according to actual needs, and no limitation is imposed here.

[0034] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 4 and Figure 5The inner contour of the cross-section of the second receiving cavity 223 can be circular. By defining the inner contour of the cross-section of the second receiving cavity as circular, a smooth and edgeless guiding space is provided for the elastic element placed therein, avoiding scraping or snagging between the elastic element and the cavity wall during the extension and contraction process, and ensuring the sensitivity of the elastic element's movement and the stability of the axial pressure.

[0035] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional inner contour of the second receiving cavity may also be a regular polygon, such as a regular hexagon, without limitation.

[0036] In some embodiments, the limiting structure 240 may be configured as a limiting pin disposed between the driving member 220 and the locking bolt 210. For example, the outer wall of the mating section 221 of the driving member 220 is provided with a limiting groove extending axially, and a limiting pin extending into the limiting groove is fixed on the connecting section 213 of the locking bolt 210. By utilizing the travel of the limiting pin between the two ends of the limiting groove, the axial displacement of the driving member 220 relative to the locking bolt 210 is limited, thereby compressing the elastic member 230 within the space formed by the first receiving cavity 212 and the second receiving cavity 223, and abutting against the locking bolt 210 and the driving member 220 respectively.

[0037] In some embodiments, the limiting structure 240 can be configured as a lock body outer cover having an outer cover inner cavity, with the connecting section 213 and the mating section 221 located inside the outer cover inner cavity, and the threaded section 211 and the driving section 222 extending out of the lock body outer cover through through holes at both ends of the outer cover inner cavity.

[0038] Thus, by enclosing the connecting section and the mating section within the outer cover of the lock body with an outer cavity, and utilizing the through holes at both ends to achieve the extension and mating of the threaded section and the drive section, the modular integration of the locking device is realized. This provides physical protection space for the internal transmission components, effectively isolates external impurities from interference, and provides a stable structural reference for the axial positioning of the drive component and the locking bolt.

[0039] In some embodiments, the inner contour of the cross-section of the inner cavity of the outer cover and the outer contour of the cross-section of the connecting section 213 can both be circular, and the inner circumferential surface of the inner cavity of the outer cover and the outer circumferential surface of the connecting section 213 can slide to guide the locking bolt 210 axially.

[0040] Therefore, through the circular sliding fit between the inner circumferential surface of the outer casing cavity and the outer circumferential surface of the connecting section, high-precision axial guiding support can be provided for the locking bolt, which significantly reduces the risk of radial sway or tilting of the locking bolt during force or movement, ensures the axial consistency of the threaded section during screwing in, and further improves the smoothness of the mechanism's operation.

[0041] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figures 1 to 9The lock body cover may include a housing 241 and a locking plate 242. The housing 241 has an inner cavity, and one end of the housing 241 is provided with an installation opening that communicates with the inner cavity. The locking plate 242 is detachably covered by the installation opening to close the inner cavity. The through holes at both ends of the inner cavity are respectively provided on the end of the housing 241 opposite to the installation opening and on the locking plate 242.

[0042] Therefore, by combining the housing with the detachable locking plate, the installation opening on the housing facilitates the overall insertion of the locking bolts, drive components, and elastic components. The locking plate also enables the sealing of the inner cavity of the outer cover and the positioning of the through hole. This greatly optimizes the assembly process while ensuring the structural integrity and sealing of the device, and provides convenience for the maintenance and replacement of components in the later stages.

[0043] In some embodiments, the locking piece 242 can be fixed to one end of the mounting opening of the housing 241 by a plurality of fixing bolts. Specifically, the end face of the housing 241 with the mounting opening can be provided with a plurality of threaded holes, and the locking piece 242 is provided with a plurality of mounting through holes. The locking piece fixing bolts 244 pass through the mounting through holes and are screwed into the threaded holes, thereby securely mounting the locking piece 242 onto the housing 241.

[0044] In another feasible embodiment, the locking piece 242 can also be fixed to the mounting opening of the housing 241 by means of snap-fit ​​connection or interference fit, and there is no limitation.

[0045] In some embodiments, the locking piece 242 may be provided with a first engaging portion 243, and the driving member 220 may be provided with a second engaging portion 224 that can cooperate with the first engaging portion 243.

[0046] Therefore, by setting a first engaging part on the locking plate and a corresponding second engaging part on the driving member, the complex anti-loosening logic is transformed into an axial displacement compensation relationship between the driving member and the locking plate. By shortening the locking force transmission path, the response reliability of the entire locking device is improved.

[0047] In some embodiments, the elastic member 230 may be configured to apply a preload force toward the locking piece 242 to the drive member 220 so that the first engagement portion 243 and the second engagement portion 224 remain in a mutually locked engagement state.

[0048] Thus, by applying a preload force toward the locking plate to the driving component through the elastic element, the first and second engaging parts are always kept in a mutually locked engaging state under normal conditions. This preload force not only achieves automatic locking, but also eliminates the axial gap between the components through elastic compression, effectively suppressing abnormal noises caused by insufficient support force or vibration.

[0049] In some embodiments, the elastic element 230 may be a helical spring. In another feasible embodiment, the elastic element 230 may also be replaced by a stacked disc spring or an elastic rubber block, without limitation.

[0050] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 9 The first meshing part 243 and the second meshing part 224 can both be anti-loosening teeth distributed along the circumferential direction. Thus, by specifically defining the first and second meshing parts as anti-loosening teeth distributed along the circumferential direction, the circumferential rotation of the drive component is restricted by the physical resistance of the tooth meshing, thereby achieving forced anti-loosening of large bolts under low torque conditions and solving the problem of bolt loosening caused by vibration during the battery swapping process.

[0051] In another feasible embodiment, the first engaging portion 243 and the second engaging portion 224 can also be configured as mutually cooperating pins and sockets, respectively. For example, one or more pins can be arranged in a circumferential array on the driving member 220, and one or more sockets can be correspondingly opened on the locking piece 242, with the pins being driven into the sockets by the preload of the elastic member 230. It is understood that those skilled in the art can choose the structure of the first engaging portion and the second engaging portion according to actual needs, and no restrictions are imposed here.

[0052] In some embodiments, see Figure 9 The locking nut assembly 100 may further include a nut seat 120 for fixed connection with the first external component, the nut seat 120 having a third receiving cavity 121, the locking nut 110 having a limiting flange 111, the limiting flange 111 being floatably fitted within the third receiving cavity 121 along the radial direction of the locking nut 110, and the radial dimension of the limiting flange 111 being smaller than the radial dimension of the third receiving cavity 121.

[0053] Therefore, by providing a third receiving cavity in the nut seat and fitting the limiting flange of the locking nut in it with a small radial dimension, the locking nut gains the ability to float freely in the plane by utilizing the formed radial clearance. This allows for automatic compensation of the installation tolerance between the first and second outer parts, ensuring that the locking bolt can be automatically aligned during screwing in, preventing jamming and protecting the threads.

[0054] In some embodiments, the nut seat 120 of the locking nut assembly 100 can be fixed to a first external component (such as the body of an electric vehicle) by bolts, thereby making the locking nut assembly replaceable. When the floating nut is damaged such as stripping, it can be replaced without damaging the body, which has the advantages of convenient replacement and low cost.

[0055] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 9The limiting flange 111 can float ±3mm in the X and Y directions within the third receiving cavity 121 to ensure sufficient tolerance compensation capability.

[0056] In some embodiments, the locking process of the locking device described above may include: First, an unlocking / unlocking gun head (not shown in the figure) that engages with an external drive segment 222 of the drive unit 220 is used to move along the axial direction (e.g., Figure 1 The drive member 220 is pushed upward in the Z direction shown in the figure. The drive member 220 overcomes the preload of the elastic member 230 and moves upward in the inner cavity of the outer cover, thereby causing the second engagement part 224 on the drive member 220 to disengage from the first engagement part 243 on the locking piece 242 in the axial direction.

[0057] Next, the unlocking gun head drives the drive component 220 to rotate. The drive component 220, through the engagement (e.g., a regular hexagonal engagement) between the outer contour of the cross-section of its mating section 221 and the inner contour of the cross-section of the first receiving cavity 212 of the locking bolt 210, drives the locking bolt 210 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation, the threaded section 211 of the locking bolt 210 engages with the locking nut 110 in the locking nut assembly 100, causing the locking bolt 210 to move upward under the guidance of the guide cylinder. During this process, the locking nut 110 automatically floats and centers itself using the radial clearance between the limiting flange 111 and the third receiving cavity 121.

[0058] Finally, once the locking torque reaches the preset value, the unlocking gun head stops rotating and the axial thrust is removed. Under the elastic force of the elastic member 230, the drive member 220 is reset downward, causing the second engaging part 224 to re-engage with the first engaging part 243 axially. This restricts the circumferential rotation of the drive member 220 and the locking bolt 210 through the physical resistance of the teeth, achieving reliable anti-loosening.

[0059] In some embodiments, the unlocking process of the above-mentioned locking device may include: The unlocking gun head engages again with the drive section 222 of the drive member 220 and applies an axial pushing force. The drive member 220 moves upward against the elastic force of the elastic member 230, causing the second engaging part 224 to disengage from the first engaging part 243 on the locking plate 242, thus releasing the constraint on the circumferential rotation of the drive member 220.

[0060] Subsequently, the locking / unlocking gun head drive component 220 rotates in the opposite direction. The drive component 220, through a nested mating structure, drives the locking bolt 210 to rotate synchronously in the opposite direction, causing the threaded section 211 to gradually unscrew from the locking nut 110. Once the threads are completely disengaged, the lock body assembly 200 separates from the locking nut assembly 100, thereby achieving the disassembly of the first and second outer components. Throughout the entire process, the elastic element 230 remains confined within the closed space formed by the first receiving cavity 212 and the second receiving cavity 223, ensuring smooth and unobstructed movement.

[0061] According to embodiments of this disclosure, an electric vehicle is also provided, including the locking device of this disclosure, wherein the first external component is the vehicle body and the second external component is a power battery pack.

[0062] In some embodiments, the vehicle body and the battery pack can be secured using multiple locking devices described above. In some exemplary embodiments, the number of locking devices may be, for example, 10.

[0063] In some embodiments, the aforementioned limiting structure can be fixed to the edge of the battery pack by welding, bonding, or other methods, and no limitation is imposed here.

[0064] It should be understood that in this specification, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship or dimensions based on the orientation or positional relationship or dimensions shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used only for ease of description and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0065] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0066] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0067] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0068] This specification provides many different implementations or examples that can be used to implement this disclosure. It should be understood that these different implementations or examples are entirely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure in any way. Those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of various variations or substitutions based on the disclosure of this specification, and these should all be covered within the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A locking device for enabling a detachable connection between a first outer component and a second outer component, characterized in that, The locking device includes a locking nut assembly (100) and a lock body assembly (200), wherein, The locking nut assembly (100) is used for fixed connection with the first external component and includes a locking nut (110). The lock body assembly (200) includes a locking bolt (210), a driving component (220), an elastic component (230), and a limiting structure (240), wherein, The locking bolt (210) includes a threaded section (211) and a connecting section (213) having a first receiving cavity (212), the threaded section (211) being used to thread into the locking nut (110). The driving component (220) includes a mating section (221) and a driving section (222). The mating section (221) is fitted into the first receiving cavity (212) so that when the driving section (222) receives an external driving force, the locking bolt (210) is driven to rotate by the mating of the outer contour of the cross-section of the mating section (221) and the inner contour of the cross-section of the first receiving cavity (212). The mating section (221) has a second receiving cavity (223). The elastic element (230) is disposed within the space formed by the first receiving cavity (212) and the second receiving cavity (223), and wherein, The limiting structure (240) is used to fix the second outer component and is configured to limit the axial displacement of the drive member (220) relative to the locking bolt (210) so that the elastic member (230) is compressed in the space and abuts against the locking bolt (210) and the drive member (220) respectively.

2. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner cross-sectional contour of the first receiving cavity (212) and the outer cross-sectional contour of the mating section (221) are both polygons.

3. The locking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The polygon is a regular polygon.

4. The locking device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The regular polygon is a regular hexagon.

5. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner contour of the cross-section of the second receiving cavity (223) is circular.

6. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting structure (240) is configured as a lock body with an outer cover cavity, the connecting section (213) and the mating section (221) are located in the outer cover cavity, and the threaded section (211) and the driving section (222) extend out of the lock body through through holes at both ends of the outer cover cavity.

7. The locking device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner contour of the cross-section of the inner cavity of the outer cover and the outer contour of the cross-section of the connecting section (213) are both circular, and the inner circumferential surface of the inner cavity of the outer cover and the outer circumferential surface of the connecting section (213) slide together to axially guide the locking bolt (210).

8. The locking device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lock body includes a housing (241) and a locking plate (242). The housing (241) has an inner cavity, and one end of the housing (241) is provided with a mounting opening communicating with the inner cavity. The locking plate (242) is detachably fitted onto the mounting opening to close the inner cavity. The through holes at both ends of the inner cavity of the outer cover are respectively provided on the end of the housing (241) opposite to the mounting opening and on the locking piece (242).

9. The locking device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The locking piece (242) is provided with a first engaging part (243), and the driving member (220) is provided with a second engaging part (224) that can cooperate with the first engaging part (243).

10. The locking device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The elastic member (230) applies a preload force toward the locking piece (242) to the drive member (220) so that the first engaging part (243) and the second engaging part (224) remain in a mutually locked engaging state.

11. The locking device according to claim 10, characterized in that, Both the first meshing part (243) and the second meshing part (224) are anti-loosening teeth distributed along the circumferential direction.

12. The locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The locking nut assembly (100) further includes a nut seat (120) for fixed connection with the first external component, the nut seat (120) having a third receiving cavity (121), the locking nut (110) having a limiting flange (111), the limiting flange (111) being floatably fitted within the third receiving cavity (121) along the radial direction of the locking nut (110), and the radial dimension of the limiting flange (111) being smaller than the radial dimension of the third receiving cavity (121).

13. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, The locking device includes any one of claims 1-12, wherein the first external component is a vehicle body and the second external component is a power battery pack.

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