Intensifier for liquid slag tapping of a melter gasifier

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of intensifier of molten gasification furnace liquid-state slagging, belong to the technical field of molten gasification of carbonaceous raw material, this molten gasification furnace liquid-state slagging intensifier includes: intensifying slagging assembly is arranged in the upper portion of the molten slag cooling section of gas flow bed and the lower portion of intensifying slagging assembly is lower than slagging port, and / or it is arranged in the outside of the molten slag area of gas flow bed, for increasing the temperature near slagging port;Wherein, gas flow bed includes: molten gasification furnace, including vertical section hearth and the molten slag area located at the bottom of vertical section hearth, the bottom of this molten slag area is provided with the slagging port for liquid molten slag to discharge;Molten slag cooling section is nested in the outside of molten slag area, and slagging port is inserted into the inside of molten slag cooling section;And intensifying slagging assembly is refractory insulation layer and / or oxygen lance, the outlet center line of this oxygen lance is aligned with the geometric center of slagging port and / or focus on the just above geometric center.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of melting and gasification technology of carbon-containing raw materials, and particularly relates to an enhanced device for liquid slag discharge from a melting and gasification furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Entrained flow gasifiers are core technology equipment for the clean and efficient conversion of carbon-containing fuels such as coal, and are hailed as the "heart of coal chemical industry." They convert solid fuels into syngas (CO+H2) through a partial oxidation reaction between fuel particles and a gasifying agent (O2 / H2O) under high temperature and pressure (1300-1600℃, 2-7MPa), providing raw materials for chemical, power generation, and hydrogen production fields. During entrained flow gasification, gasification can only occur effectively at a high temperature of 1300-1600℃. At this temperature, the mineral ash in the raw material melts into liquid slag, which is then continuously discharged from the bottom of the gasifier in liquid form, rather than accumulating or intermittently discharged as solid ash. Therefore, during the discharge of liquid slag, the temperature at the slag discharge port is relatively lower than that of the high-temperature oxidation zone (1300-1600℃), which may increase the viscosity of the liquid slag. This can easily lead to problems such as stagnation, adhesion, solidification, and blockage of the slag discharge port, directly affecting the smoothness and stability of liquid slag discharge. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides an enhanced device and method for liquid slag discharge from a molten gasification furnace, aiming to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] One embodiment of this utility model provides an enhanced device for liquid slag discharge from a molten gasification furnace, comprising: an enhanced slag discharge assembly disposed above the slag cooling section of a fluidized bed, with the lower part of the enhanced slag discharge assembly below the slag discharge port, and / or disposed outside the slag zone of the fluidized bed, for increasing the temperature near the slag discharge port; wherein the fluidized bed includes: a molten gasification furnace and a slag cooling section, the molten gasification furnace including a vertical furnace section and a slag zone located at the bottom of the vertical furnace section, the bottom of the slag zone being provided with a slag discharge port for discharging liquid molten slag; the slag cooling section is nested outside the slag zone, and the slag discharge port extends into the interior of the slag cooling section; and the enhanced slag discharge assembly is a refractory insulation layer and / or an oxygen lance, the outlet centerline of the oxygen lance being aligned with the geometric center of the slag discharge port and / or focused directly above the geometric center.

[0005] In some embodiments, when the enhanced slag discharge assembly is an oxygen lance, the enhanced device further includes an image monitoring system located in the middle or lower part of the molten slag cooling section, with the observation direction of the image monitoring system facing the slag discharge port.

[0006] In some embodiments, the diameter of the slag discharge port is less than or equal to the diameter of the vertical section of the furnace; a gas-solid outlet for discharging cold crude gas and fly ash is provided on the lower side wall of the slag cooling section, and a solid phase outlet for discharging solid slag is provided at the bottom of the slag cooling section.

[0007] In some implementations, the diameter of the slag discharge port is D1, and the relationship between it and the diameter D0 of the vertical section of the furnace is: 0.3D0≤D1≤1.0D0.

[0008] In some embodiments, when the refractory insulation layer is located above the molten slag cooling section, the distance from the lower part of the refractory insulation layer to the lower part of the slag discharge port is L1, and the relationship between the lower part of the refractory insulation layer and the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port satisfies 0.1D1≤L1≤1.0D1; the thickness of the refractory insulation layer is 200-400mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the refractory insulation layer is located outside the molten slag zone in the direction of the radiating section facing the molten slag zone, and the refractory insulation layer completely covers the outside of the slag discharge port located within the envelope space of the radiating section.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the enhanced slag discharge component is an oxygen lance, the number of oxygen lances is 2n, where n is a positive integer ≥1. The oxygen lances are evenly distributed and located at the same height, and the distance from the slag discharge port is 0-1 / 3 of the total height H of the molten gasification furnace. The oxygen lance adopts a dual-channel water-cooled structure, with the central channel being a pure oxygen channel and the outer ring channel being a cooling water channel.

[0011] In some embodiments, the oxygen lance is installed on the upper sidewall of the molten slag cooling section, the outlet centerline of the oxygen lance is inclined upward and directly opposite the geometric center of the slag discharge port, and the distance between the oxygen lance and the slag discharge port is 0-h, where h is the height of the molten slag zone.

[0012] In some embodiments, the oxygen lance is located at the lower part of the vertical section of the furnace, at a distance of S3 from the slag discharge port. The relationship between the oxygen lance and the total height H of the molten gasification furnace and the height h of the molten slag zone satisfies: h≤S3≤1 / 3H.

[0013] In some implementations, the oxygen lance located outside the slag zone is at a distance S2 from the slag discharge port, and the relationship between the oxygen lance and the height h of the slag zone satisfies: 0.5h≤S2≤h.

[0014] In some embodiments, the oxygen lance located in the lower part of the vertical furnace section and / or the slag zone has its outlet centerline tilted downwards and focused at a focal point directly above the geometric center of the slag discharge port. The distance between the focal point and the geometric center of the slag discharge port is S1, which satisfies the following condition with respect to the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port: 0≤S1≤0.5D1.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the reinforced slag discharge assembly consists of a refractory insulation layer and an oxygen lance, the refractory insulation layer is disposed above the molten slag cooling section and the lower part of the refractory insulation layer is below the slag discharge port, and the outlet of the oxygen lance located above the molten slag cooling section passes through the refractory insulation layer and is aligned with the geometric center of the slag discharge port.

[0016] Based on the above embodiments, the enhanced device for liquid slag discharge in the molten gasification furnace of this utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) In the embodiments of this utility model, the enhanced slag discharge device for the molten gasification furnace provided by this utility model increases the temperature near the slag discharge port by adding an enhanced slag discharge component at the upper part of the molten slag cooling section of the fluidized bed or outside the molten slag zone (such as the slag discharge port), thereby avoiding the blockage of the slag discharge port due to the increased viscosity of the molten slag caused by the excessive temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the slag discharge port. Specifically, when the enhanced slag discharge component is a refractory insulation layer, by adding a refractory insulation layer at the upper part of the molten slag cooling section and below the slag discharge port or outside the molten slag zone of the fluidized bed, the cold end radiation of the molten slag cooling section to the slag discharge port can be reduced, the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the slag discharge port can be reduced, and the increase in the viscosity of the molten slag caused by the low temperature of the inner wall of the slag discharge port can be avoided, which may lead to problems such as stagnation and solidification, thus affecting the smoothness and stability of the molten slag discharge. When the slag discharge assembly is an oxygen lance, an oxygen lance is added above the slag cooling section and below the slag discharge port or outside the slag zone of the fluidized bed. Oxygen is introduced into the slag discharge port and its vicinity through the oxygen lance. The heat released by the oxidation of the coal gas increases the temperature near the slag discharge port, which can also reduce the risk of liquid slag stagnation, adhesion, solidification and blockage of the slag discharge port.

[0018] (2) In the embodiments of this utility model, by arranging a real-time image monitoring system in the middle and lower part of the cooling section, the condition of the slag discharge port can be monitored in real time. Furthermore, by combining the independent or coordinated control of oxygen spray guns at different positions, when slag discharge is obstructed or there is an accumulation problem at a certain position of the slag discharge port, the blockage can be cleared at a specific point by increasing the local temperature. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the strengthening device in the first embodiment of the present invention, in which the refractory insulation layer is set above the molten slag cooling section;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a strengthening device in the second embodiment of the present invention, in which the refractory insulation layer is disposed outside the molten slag zone;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a strengthening device in the third embodiment of the present invention, in which the diameter of the slag discharge port is equal to the diameter of the vertical section of the furnace.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the strengthening device for arranging oxygen spray guns outside the slag zone in the fourth embodiment of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the strengthening device in the sixth embodiment of the present invention, which involves setting oxygen lances in the slag zone and the vertical section of the furnace.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the enhancement device for adding an image monitoring system in the sixth embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an enhanced device in the eighth embodiment of the present invention, which involves setting an oxygen spray gun on the upper sidewall of the molten slag cooling section.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a strengthening device including a fire-resistant insulation layer and an oxygen spray gun in the ninth embodiment of this utility model.

[0027] [Attached image labels]

[0028] 10-Vertical furnace section, 11-Slag zone, 12-Oxygen lance, 20-Slag cooling section, 21-Refractory insulation layer, 23-Image monitoring system;

[0029] A-crude syngas and fly ash, B-liquid slag, C-cold crude syngas and fly ash, D-solid slag;

[0030] D0 - Diameter of the vertical section of the furnace, D1 - Diameter of the slag discharge port, L1 - Distance between the lower part of the refractory insulation layer and the lower part of the slag discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present invention for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the present invention.

[0032] Specifically, in the liquid slag discharge process of a fluidized bed gasifier, carbon-containing fuel particles first rapidly gasify in the high-temperature flame zone, producing fly ash and syngas. Some of the fly ash leaves the gasifier entrained by the syngas, while the remaining ash melts into liquid slag within the gasifier. The liquid slag adheres to the inner wall of the furnace, forming a thin layer that protects the gasifier furnace from high-temperature (above 1000℃) erosion. Simultaneously, under the influence of gravity or airflow, it flows downwards along the furnace wall and is eventually discharged through the slag discharge port at the bottom of the furnace. The discharged liquid slag typically enters the cooling section at the bottom of the furnace, where it is quenched with water (high-pressure water rapid cooling) or cooled by gas to form glassy particles.

[0033] The key conditions for achieving slag discharge of liquid molten slag in a fluidized bed are as follows: 1) Fuel adaptability: It is necessary to ensure that the melting point of the fuel fly ash is lower than the furnace operating temperature; otherwise, flux (such as limestone) needs to be added to lower the ash melting point. 2) High temperature environment: High temperature is maintained by oxygen-enriched combustion or pure oxygen oxidation to ensure complete melting of ash. 3) Structural design: The furnace adopts a vertical cylindrical structure to promote the downward flow of liquid molten slag. At the same time, a high-temperature resistant material or water-cooled metal slag discharge port is set at the bottom of the furnace to guide the flow of liquid slag and ensure its smooth discharge. Then, water quenching, gas cooling, and radiation waste pot cooling are set below the slag discharge port to solidify the liquid slag.

[0034] However, due to the complexity and inhomogeneity of the mineral composition in the raw materials, the composition, viscosity, and ash melting point of the liquid slag formed after the gasification reaction are unstable. This can lead to stagnation, adhesion, solidification, and blockage, directly affecting the smoothness and stability of liquid slag discharge, thus impacting the stable operation of the entire gasification process. Meanwhile, the fluidized bed is generally a downward or upward structure. In a downward structure, a certain reduction zone needs to be maintained at the bottom of the gasifier to increase the gasification reaction time. This results in the slag discharge port being far from the high-temperature oxidation zone, leading to heat loss and a significantly lower temperature at the slag discharge port compared to the high-temperature oxidation zone. In an upward structure, the main gaseous products from the high-temperature oxidation zone rise, but the slag discharge port is located at the bottom of the gasifier, below the high-temperature oxidation zone. This makes it difficult for the heat from the high-temperature products to reach the slag discharge port, easily resulting in a lower temperature at the slag discharge port.

[0035] As mentioned above, since the temperature at the slag discharge port is lower than that in the high-temperature oxidation zone (above 1200℃), the viscosity of the liquid slag may increase, leading to stagnation, adhesion, solidification and blockage, which in turn directly affects the smoothness and stability of the liquid slag discharge.

[0036] On the other hand, after the molten slag flows out of the slag discharge port, it enters the cooling section at the bottom of the gasifier and is rapidly cooled into a solid state. This means that there is a rapid temperature loss space below the slag discharge port, resulting in a large temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the slag discharge port (inner wall temperature 1200~1400℃, outer wall temperature after cooling may only be 200~400℃). If the temperature drop gradient is not properly controlled, it may also cause the temperature at the slag discharge port to be too low, which will also increase the viscosity of the molten slag, leading to problems such as stagnation, adhesion, solidification, and blockage. In addition to causing blockage of the slag discharge port, the above problems may also cause damage due to uneven expansion caused by the large temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the slag discharge port; or damage to the slag discharge port when clearing it after shutdown due to the molten slag solidifying at the slag discharge port.

[0037] In response, this invention optimizes the airflow bed by arranging enhanced slag discharge components to prevent and solve problems such as stagnation, adhesion, solidification and blockage of molten slag caused by the temperature drop near the slag discharge port, or damage to the slag discharge port due to large temperature differences, thereby ensuring the smoothness and stability of molten slag discharge.

[0038] Specifically, the enhanced slag discharge device for a molten gasification furnace provided by this utility model includes: an enhanced slag discharge assembly and a fluidized bed.

[0039] An enhanced slag discharge assembly is disposed above the slag cooling section of the fluidized bed, with its lower part below the slag discharge port, and / or disposed outside the slag zone of the fluidized bed, to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port; wherein the enhanced slag discharge assembly is a refractory insulation layer and / or an oxygen lance, with the outlet centerline of the oxygen lance aligned with the geometric center of the slag discharge port and / or focused directly above the geometric center.

[0040] The fluidized bed includes a molten gasification furnace and a slag cooling section. The molten gasification furnace includes a vertical furnace section and a slag zone located at the bottom of the vertical furnace section. The bottom of the slag zone is provided with a slag discharge port for discharging liquid molten slag. The slag cooling section is nested outside the slag zone, and the slag discharge port extends into the interior of the slag cooling section.

[0041] In embodiments of this invention, carbon-containing raw materials (such as carbon-containing fuels) and gasifying agents undergo a high-temperature, high-pressure gasification reaction (1300-1600℃, 2-7MPa) in a fluidized bed molten gasifier to produce crude syngas, fly ash, and liquid slag. The liquid slag concentrates on the wall of the molten gasifier under the influence of the flow field and flows downwards along the wall through the slag discharge port under gravity. It then enters a slag cooling section located below the slag discharge port for cooling, solidifying the liquid slag into solid slag. By adding enhanced slag discharge components above the slag cooling section of the fluidized bed or outside the slag zone (such as the slag discharge port) to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port, problems such as increased viscosity of the liquid slag due to excessive temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the slag discharge port are avoided, preventing stagnation, solidification, and blockage of the slag discharge port, which would otherwise affect the smoothness and stability of the liquid slag discharge.

[0042] In the first embodiment of this utility model, when the slag discharge component is a refractory insulation layer, the strengthening device for liquid slag discharge of the molten gasification furnace of this utility model includes: a refractory insulation layer and a fluidized bed.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a strengthening device in the first embodiment of the present invention, in which a refractory insulation layer is disposed above the molten slag cooling section.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed includes a molten gasification furnace and a slag cooling section 20. The molten gasification furnace includes a vertical furnace section 10 and a slag zone 11 located at the bottom of the vertical furnace section 10. This slag zone 11 has an inverted conical structure (i.e.,...). Figure 1 The slag cooling section 20 is nested outside the slag zone 11, with its slag discharge port at the bottom for discharging liquid molten slag B. The diameter D1 of this discharge port is smaller than the diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section 10, and the relationship between the diameter D1 of the discharge port and the diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section 10 satisfies the condition: 0.3D0≤D1<1.0D0. The slag cooling section 20 is nested outside the slag zone 11, and its discharge port extends into the interior of the slag cooling section 20. The bottom of the slag cooling section 20 has a solid phase outlet for discharging solid molten slag D, and the lower sidewall of the slag cooling section 20 has a gas-solid outlet for discharging cold crude gas and fly ash C. Inside the molten gasifier, the molten slag B produced by the gasification reaction of carbonaceous raw materials and gasifying agent is concentrated on the wall of the molten gasifier under the action of the flow field organization. Under its own gravity, it flows along the wall to the slag discharge port. With the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port being smaller than the diameter D0 of the molten gasifier, the molten slag B is guided to flow and flows into the lower molten slag cooling section 20 for cooling and solidification. The molten slag cooling section 20 of this invention can adopt a quenching or radiation cooling structure. The quenching structure can adopt water spray quenching or cold gas quenching; the radiation cooling structure can be a water-cooled wall structure.

[0045] To prevent liquid molten slag B from accumulating, increasing in viscosity, solidifying, and clogging at the slag discharge port, a refractory insulation layer 21 is added to the upper part of the molten slag cooling section 20 of the fluidized bed. This layer increases the temperature near the slag discharge port and effectively reduces the temperature drop at the slag discharge port caused by the low temperature of the molten slag cooling section 20.

[0046] Specifically, the refractory insulation layer 21 is disposed above the slag cooling section 20 of the fluidized bed, and the lower part of the refractory insulation layer 21 is lower than the slag discharge port to enclose the slag zone 11. At this time, the distance between the lower part of the refractory insulation layer 21 and the lower part of the slag discharge port is L1, and the relationship between the lower part of the refractory insulation layer 21 and the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port satisfies 0.1D1≤L1≤1.0D1. The refractory insulation layer 21 is made of refractory material and has a thickness of 200-400mm. Within this distance L1 and thickness range, by adding the refractory insulation layer 21 above the slag cooling section 20, the thermal resistance of thermal radiation and the thermal radiation angle can be increased, which can effectively reduce the cold end radiation of the slag cooling section 20 to the slag discharge port, reduce the excessive temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the slag discharge port and the excessively low temperature near the slag discharge port, and prevent the liquid slag B from stagnating, solidifying and blocking in and around the slag discharge port, thus ensuring the smoothness and stability of slag discharge.

[0047] As Figure 1 As an alternative to the structure shown, the present invention can also place the refractory insulation layer 21 outside the slag zone 11 of the fluidized bed, and the refractory insulation layer 21 can also be used to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a strengthening device in the second embodiment of the present invention, in which the refractory insulation layer is disposed outside the molten slag zone.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the enhanced device for liquid slag discharge of the molten gasification furnace has the same characteristics as... Figure 1 The strengthening device shown has the same structure and positional connections, such as the same vertical furnace section 10, slag zone 11, slag cooling section 20, refractory insulation layer 21, solid phase outlet and gas-solid outlet, the same diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section, the same diameter D1 of the slag discharge port, and the same composition and thickness of the refractory insulation layer, etc., which will not be described in detail here. Figure 2 The slag zone 11 shown is an inverted conical structure composed of a cylindrical section and an enlarged section. This structural design is mainly to facilitate the application of refractory insulation layers.

[0050] Figure 2 The structure of the strengthening device shown is similar to Figure 1The structural difference of the strengthening device shown is that the refractory insulation layer 21 is set outside the slag zone 11 of the fluidized bed. Specifically, the refractory insulation layer 21 is located outside the slag zone 11 (such as outside the slag discharge port) facing the radiation section of the slag zone 11, and the refractory insulation layer 21 completely covers the outside of the slag discharge port located in the envelope space of the radiation section. This arrangement of the refractory insulation layer 21 can also reduce the cold end radiation of the slag cooling section 20 to the slag zone 11 and the slag discharge port, avoid the problem of low temperature on the inner wall of the slag discharge port, and effectively ensure the smooth and stable discharge of liquid slag B.

[0051] In the third embodiment of this utility model, as Figure 2 An alternative to the structure shown is that the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port of this utility model is equal to the diameter D0 of the vertical section of the furnace chamber 10.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a strengthening device in the third embodiment of the present invention, in which the diameter of the slag discharge port is equal to the diameter of the vertical section of the furnace.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the enhanced device for liquid slag discharge from the molten gasification furnace has the same characteristics as... Figure 2 The strengthening device shown has the same structure and positional connection relationship, such as the same vertical furnace section 10, slag zone 11, slag cooling section 20, refractory insulation layer 21, solid phase outlet and gas-solid outlet, diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section, diameter D1 of the slag discharge port, and the arrangement, composition and thickness of the refractory insulation layer, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0054] Figure 3 The structure of the strengthening device shown is similar to Figure 2 The structural difference of the strengthening device shown is that the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port is equal to the diameter D0 of the vertical section of the furnace 10. Through Figure 3 The arrangement of the refractory insulation layer 21 and the diameter of the slag discharge port shown can also reduce the cold end radiation of the cooling section to the molten slag zone 11 and the slag discharge port, avoid the problem of low temperature on the inner wall of the slag discharge port, and ensure the smooth and stable discharge of liquid molten slag B.

[0055] Therefore, in the first to third embodiments described above (i.e. Figures 1-3 In this process, the relationship between the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port and the diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section satisfies: 0.3D0≤D1≤1.0D0. Both conditions can be met by arranging a refractory insulation layer 21, ensuring smooth and stable discharge of molten slag B. Furthermore, using only a refractory insulation layer limits the temperature adjustment range of the slag discharge port, making it suitable for furnace modifications that already exhibit weak slag discharge issues. This approach is less difficult and less costly to implement, effectively addressing the problem of increased slag viscosity due to excessively low slag discharge port temperature without compromising syngas quality.

[0056] As an alternative to the above embodiments, the enhanced slag discharge assembly of this utility model, in addition to the aforementioned refractory insulation layer 21, can also include an oxygen lance. Oxygen is introduced into the molten gasification furnace through the oxygen lance, and it undergoes an exothermic oxidation reaction with the coal gas (such as syngas) within the furnace. This can also increase the temperature at and near the slag discharge port, thereby reducing the risk of liquid molten slag B stagnation, adhesion, solidification, and blockage. Specifically, the oxygen lances are arranged as follows: Figures 4-6 As shown.

[0057] In the fourth embodiment of this utility model, when the enhanced slag discharge component is an oxygen lance 12, the enhanced device for liquid slag discharge of the molten gasification furnace of this utility model includes: an oxygen lance 12 and a flow bed, wherein the oxygen lance 12 can be arranged on the lower part of the vertical furnace chamber 10 and / or on the cross-section outside the molten slag zone 11.

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the strengthening device in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, which involves arranging oxygen spray guns outside the slag zone.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the fluidized bed includes a molten gasification furnace and a slag cooling section 20. The molten gasification furnace includes a vertical furnace section 10 and a slag zone 11 located at the bottom of the vertical furnace section 10. This slag zone 11 has an inverted conical structure (i.e.,...). Figure 1 The slag cooling section 20 is nested outside the slag zone 11, with its slag discharge port at the bottom for discharging liquid molten slag B. The diameter D1 of this discharge port is smaller than the diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section 10. The relationship between the diameter D1 of the discharge port and the diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section 10 satisfies the condition: 0.3D0≤D1<1.0D0. The slag cooling section 20 is nested outside the slag zone 11, with its discharge port extending into the interior of the slag cooling section 20. The bottom of the slag cooling section 20 has a solid phase outlet for discharging solid molten slag D, and a gas-solid outlet for discharging cold crude gas and fly ash C is located on the lower side wall of the slag cooling section 20. Inside the molten gasifier, the molten slag B produced by the gasification reaction of carbonaceous raw materials and gasifying agent is concentrated on the wall of the molten gasifier under the action of the flow field organization. Under its own gravity, it flows along the wall to the slag discharge port. With the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port being smaller than the diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section, the molten slag B is guided and discharged through the slag discharge port to the lower molten slag cooling section 20 for cooling. The molten slag cooling section 20 of this invention can adopt a quenching or radiation cooling structure. The quenching structure can adopt water spray quenching or cold gas quenching; the radiation cooling structure can be a water-cooled wall structure.

[0060] In order to avoid the slag B from accumulating, increasing in viscosity, solidifying and clogging in and around the slag discharge port, an oxygen lance 12 is installed outside the slag zone 11 (i.e., the cone section) of the fluidized bed to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port, which can effectively reduce the temperature drop at the slag discharge port caused by the low temperature of the slag cooling section 20.

[0061] Specifically, there are 2n oxygen lances 12, where n is a positive integer ≥ 1 (e.g., n = 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). The oxygen lances 12 are evenly distributed on the four sides of the molten slag zone 11 and are at the same height. The distance from the slag discharge port is 0-1 / 3 of the total height H of the molten gasification furnace. This ensures uniform temperature near the slag discharge port and avoids the problem that the molten slag B can be discharged smoothly on one side while solidification occurs on the other side, causing the slag discharge port to malfunction. Each oxygen lance 12 adopts a dual-channel water-cooled structure. The central channel is a pure oxygen channel for transporting oxygen, with an oxygen flow rate of 80-120 m / s and an oxygen quantity of 1%-5% of the system's total oxygen quantity. The outer ring channel is a cooling water channel for transporting cooling water to cool the oxygen in the central channel, ensuring safe oxygen use. Furthermore, the centerline of the outlet of each oxygen lance 12 outside the slag zone 11 is inclined downwards and focused on the focal point directly above the geometric center of the slag discharge port. The distance between this focal point and the geometric center of the slag discharge port is S1, and the relationship between this focal point and the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port satisfies: 0≤S1≤0.5D1. Moreover, the distance between the oxygen lance 12 outside the slag zone 11 and the slag discharge port is S2, and the relationship between this distance and the height h of the slag zone 11 satisfies: 0.5h≤S2≤h. By adopting this structural design, a small amount of oxygen is introduced into the vicinity of the slag discharge port at the bottom of the gasification bed to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port by utilizing the exothermic oxidation of a small amount of coal gas. This reduces the risk of liquid slag B stagnation, adhesion, solidification, and blockage, thereby ensuring the smooth and stable discharge of liquid slag B.

[0062] Continue as Figure 4 As shown, the strengthening device of this utility model also includes an image monitoring system 23. This image monitoring system 23 is located in the middle or lower part of the slag cooling section 20, and its observation direction is directly facing the slag discharge port. This allows for real-time monitoring of the slag discharge port's temperature to ensure unobstructed flow. When slag discharge obstruction or blockage is detected at one or more locations at the slag discharge port, the oxygen spray guns 12 at different locations can be controlled to increase the local temperature and clear the blockage at the target location. The image monitoring system of this utility model can be an infrared probe or a camera, etc.

[0063] In the fifth embodiment of this utility model, as Figure 4 Alternatives to the structure shown have the same Figure 4The vertical furnace section 10, slag zone 11, slag cooling section 20, solid phase outlet, gas-solid outlet, diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section, diameter D1 of the slag discharge port, structure and oxygen flow rate of the oxygen lance 12, and image monitoring system 23, etc., shown in the enhanced device, are the same as those described here, but will not be described in detail. Figure 4 The structural difference of the enhancement device shown is that the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port is equal to the diameter D0 of the vertical furnace section 10, i.e., D1=D0. At this time, the liquid slag B is discharged through the slag discharge port under its own gravity and the guiding effect of the inner wall and enters the lower slag cooling section 20 for cooling and solidification. The use of an oxygen lance can also reduce the risk of liquid slag B stagnation, adhesion, solidification and blockage, so as to ensure the smooth and stable discharge of liquid slag B.

[0064] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the strengthening device in the sixth embodiment of the present invention, which involves setting oxygen lances in the slag zone and the vertical section of the furnace.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown, the enhanced device for liquid slag discharge of the molten gasification furnace has the same characteristics as... Figure 4 The same structure and positional connections are used in the strengthening device shown, such as the same vertical furnace section 10, slag cooling section 20, solid phase outlet, gas-solid outlet, and oxygen lances 12 arranged around the cross-section of the slag zone 11, the structure of the oxygen lances 12 and the oxygen flow rate, etc., which will not be described in detail here. Figure 5 and Figure 4 The structural difference of the strengthening device shown is that an oxygen lance 12 is installed at the lower part of the vertical furnace 10.

[0066] Specifically, in the sixth embodiment of this utility model, oxygen lances 12 are arranged on the cross-section of the lower part of the vertical furnace 10 and the outer side of the slag zone 11. The oxygen lances 12 in the same area are at the same height, and the center lines of the outlets of the oxygen lances 12 are all inclined downwards, focusing on a focal point directly above the geometric center of the slag discharge port. The distance from this focal point to the geometric center of the slag discharge port is S1, which satisfies the following condition with respect to the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port: 0 ≤ S1 ≤ 0.5D1. Specifically, the distance from the oxygen lance 12 located at the lower part of the vertical furnace 10 to the slag discharge port is S3, and its relationship with the total height H of the molten gasification furnace and the height h of the slag zone 11 satisfies the following condition: h ≤ S3 ≤ 1 / 3H. The distance from the oxygen lance 12 located outside the slag zone 11 to the slag discharge port is S2, and its relationship with the height h of the slag zone 11 satisfies the following condition: 0.5h ≤ S2 ≤ h. By installing oxygen lances 12 outside the vertical furnace 10 and slag zone 11, the temperature near the slag discharge port can be increased by the oxidative heat release of a small amount of coal gas, thereby reducing the risk of liquid slag B stagnation, adhesion, solidification and blockage, so as to ensure the smooth and stable discharge of liquid slag B.

[0067] Furthermore, in the sixth embodiment of this utility model, the strengthening device of this utility model further includes: an image monitoring system 23, specifically arranged as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0068] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the enhancement device for adding an image monitoring system in the sixth embodiment of this utility model.

[0069] like Figure 6 As shown, the image monitoring system 23 of this invention is located in the middle or lower part of the slag cooling section 20, and the observation direction of the image monitoring system 23 is directly facing the slag discharge port, for real-time observation of whether the slag discharge port is unobstructed. When the image monitoring system 23 of this invention observes that slag discharge is obstructed and there is slag accumulation at a certain position of the slag discharge port, the oxygen spray gun 12 above the corresponding slag discharge port is turned on individually or together and controlled to increase the temperature of the local area of ​​the slag discharge port, thereby achieving targeted slag removal and maintaining smooth and stable slag discharge.

[0070] In the seventh embodiment of this utility model, as Figure 6 An alternative to the structure shown, this invention can also install an oxygen lance 12 only in the lower part of the vertical furnace section 10. The outlet centerline of the oxygen lance 12 is inclined downward and focused at a focal point directly above the geometric center of the slag discharge port. The distance S1 from this focal point to the geometric center of the slag discharge port satisfies the relationship between S1 and the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port: 0 ≤ S1 ≤ 0.5D1. Furthermore, the distance S3 from the slag discharge port of the oxygen lance 12 located in the lower part of the vertical furnace section 10 satisfies the relationship between h ≤ S3 ≤ 1 / 3H and the total height H of the molten gasification furnace and the height h of the slag zone 11. By installing the oxygen lance 12 only in the lower part of the vertical furnace section 10, and by controlling the alignment position and direction of the oxygen lance 12 outlet, as well as the arrangement height of the oxygen lance 12, it is also possible to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port through the exothermic oxidation of a small amount of gas, thereby reducing the risk of slag B retention, adhesion, solidification, and blockage, and ensuring the smooth and stable discharge of slag B.

[0071] The oxygen lances 12 installed on the outer cross section of the slag zone 11 and / or at the lower part of the vertical section of the furnace 10, as described above, can ensure the smooth and stable discharge of liquid slag B, so as to achieve flexible arrangement of the oxygen lances 12 according to the actual situation of the slag discharge port.

[0072] In the eighth embodiment of this utility model, as Figures 4-6 An alternative to the enhancement device shown is that the oxygen lance 12 in the enhancement device of this invention can also be installed on the upper side wall of the slag cooling section 20, as shown in the specific arrangement. Figure 7 As shown.

[0073] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of an enhanced device in the eighth embodiment of the present invention, which involves setting an oxygen spray gun on the upper side wall of the slag cooling section.

[0074] like Figure 7 As shown, oxygen lances 12 are installed on the upper sidewall of the slag cooling section 20. The outlet centerline of the oxygen lance 12 is inclined upward and directly opposite the geometric center of the slag discharge port. There are 2n oxygen lances 12, where n is a positive integer ≥ 1. The oxygen lances 12 are evenly distributed and located at the same height, and the distance between the oxygen lance 12 and the slag discharge port is 0-h, where h is the height of the slag zone 11. The oxygen lances 12 on the slag cooling section 20 have the same structure as the oxygen lances 12 outside the slag zone 11 and in the vertical section of the furnace 10. The oxygen content in the oxygen lance 12 is also 1%-5% of the system oxygen content. A small amount of oxidative heat from the gas can also be used to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port and reduce the risk of slag retention, adhesion, solidification, and blockage.

[0075] Therefore, by installing oxygen lances, the temperature at the slag discharge port can be adjusted by regulating the degree of oxidation, allowing for a wider adjustment range. This is suitable for solving severe slag discharge problems, although implementation is more difficult and costly, and may result in a loss of syngas quality. It is also suitable to include this design in the original design phase, making it easier to adjust and resolve problems caused by changes in raw materials. The purpose and problem solved by installing oxygen lances 12 in at least one area of ​​the slag zone, the vertical furnace section, and the slag cooling section is the same: to increase the slag discharge port temperature. This indicates that lances can be added at different locations, but in actual use, the specific location must be determined based on the shape of the molten gasifier, surrounding equipment, and other practical conditions.

[0076] In some other embodiments, the refractory insulation layer 21 and the oxygen lance 12 can be used in combination to reduce the risk of slag retention, adhesion, solidification, and blockage. In other words, the strengthening device of this invention includes: a refractory insulation layer 21, an oxygen lance 12, and a fluidized bed, wherein the structural design and function of the refractory insulation layer 21, the oxygen lance 12, and the fluidized bed are as described above. Figures 1-7 same.

[0077] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a strengthening device including a fire-resistant insulation layer and an oxygen spray gun in the ninth embodiment of this utility model.

[0078] like Figure 8As shown, when the reinforced slag discharge assembly consists of a refractory insulation layer 21 and an oxygen lance 12, the refractory insulation layer 21 is disposed on the upper part of the molten slag cooling section 20 and the lower part of the refractory insulation layer 21 is lower than the slag discharge port. The outlet of the oxygen lance 12, which is located on the upper part of the molten slag cooling section 20, passes through the refractory insulation layer 21 and is aligned with the geometric center of the slag discharge port. Furthermore, oxygen lances 12 are arranged outside the slag zone 11 and in the lower part of the vertical gasifier. The outlet centerlines of the 2n oxygen lances 12 are inclined downwards, located at the same height, and focused on the focal point directly above the geometric center of the slag discharge port. The relationship between the distance S1 of the focal point from the geometric center of the slag discharge port and the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port satisfies: 0 ≤ S1 ≤ 0.5D1. Moreover, the relationship between the distance S3 of the oxygen lance 12 located in the lower part of the vertical furnace 10 from the slag discharge port and the total height H of the molten gasifier and the height h of the slag zone 11 satisfies: h ≤ S3 ≤ 1 / 3H. The relationship between the distance S2 of the oxygen lance 12 located outside the slag zone 11 from the slag discharge port and the height h of the slag zone 11 satisfies: 0.5h ≤ S2 ≤ h. The distance from the lower part of the refractory insulation layer 21 to the lower part of the slag discharge port is L1, and the relationship between the lower part of the refractory insulation layer 21 and the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port satisfies 0.1D1≤L1≤1.0D1. The refractory insulation layer 21 is made of refractory material with a thickness of 200-400mm. The relationship between the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port and the diameter D0 of the vertical section of the furnace 10 satisfies: 0.3D0≤D1<1.0D0. Other detailed requirements and their functions are as described above. Figures 1-7 The specifications of the structure shown will not be elaborated further here. In the embodiments of this utility model, the joint arrangement of the refractory insulation layer 21 and the oxygen lance 12 can increase the temperature of the slag discharge port without reducing the quality of the syngas when facing minor slag discharge problems; and solve the problem of severe slag discharge problems by adjusting the temperature over a wider range using the oxygen lance.

[0079] Furthermore, as Figure 8 Alternatives to the structure shown can also include... Figure 2 The scheme shown is the same as Figures 4-5 , Figure 7 Combining any of the shown solutions can reduce the risk of slag retention, adhesion, solidification, and blockage.

[0080] In some embodiments of this utility model, the method of enhancing liquid slag discharge in a molten gasification furnace using the above-mentioned enhancing device includes: carbon-containing raw materials and gasifying agents undergo a gasification reaction in the vertical section of the furnace 10 of the molten gasification furnace to produce crude syngas and fly ash A, as well as liquid molten slag B. The liquid molten slag B, along with a portion of the crude syngas and fly ash A, enter the molten slag zone 11 under gravity and reach the slag discharge port. An enhanced slag discharge assembly is installed at the upper part of the molten slag cooling section 20 or outside the molten slag zone 11 to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port and guide the liquid molten slag B to the lower molten slag cooling section 20 for cooling.

[0081] Specifically, when the slag discharge assembly is reinforced with a refractory insulation layer, by setting a refractory insulation layer 21 on the upper part of the molten slag cooling section 20 and controlling the lower part of the refractory insulation layer 21 to be lower than the slag discharge port, or by setting a refractory insulation layer 21 on the outside of the molten slag zone 11, the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the slag discharge port can be reduced by increasing thermal radiation while reducing the cold end radiation from the upper part of the molten slag cooling section 20 to the slag discharge port. This effectively avoids the problem of stagnation, adhesion, solidification, and blockage caused by the increased viscosity of liquid molten slag B due to low temperature inside the slag discharge port. Alternatively, by setting an oxygen lance 12 on the outside of the molten slag cooling section 20 and / or the molten slag zone 11, the oxidation heat released by a small amount of coal gas and oxygen in the molten gasification furnace can also increase the temperature near the slag discharge port, thereby reducing the risk of slag discharge port blockage.

[0082] In some embodiments, the enhancement device of this invention can also utilize an oxygen lance 12 installed at the lower part of the vertical furnace 10 to increase the temperature near the slag discharge port. Furthermore, when the enhanced slag discharge component is an oxygen lance 12, the temperature of the slag discharge port is observed using an image monitoring system 23. By monitoring the situation at the slag discharge port in real time, if slag discharge obstruction is detected at one or more slag discharge ports, the oxygen lances 12 at different locations can be combined and controlled to increase the local temperature and thus clear the blockage at a specific point.

[0083] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An enhanced device for liquid slag discharge from a molten gasification furnace, characterized in that, The strengthening device includes: An enhanced slag removal assembly is disposed above the slag cooling section of the fluidized bed, with the lower part of the enhanced slag removal assembly below the slag discharge port, and / or disposed outside the slag zone of the fluidized bed, for increasing the temperature near the slag discharge port; The fluidized bed includes: A molten gasification furnace includes a vertical furnace section and a slag zone located at the bottom of the vertical furnace section, wherein a slag discharge port for discharging liquid molten slag is provided at the bottom of the slag zone; A slag cooling section is nested outside the slag zone, and the slag discharge port extends into the interior of the slag cooling section; and The enhanced slag discharge assembly is a refractory insulation layer and / or an oxygen lance, with the outlet centerline of the oxygen lance aligned with the geometric center of the slag discharge port and / or focused directly above the geometric center.

2. The strengthening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the enhanced slag discharge assembly is an oxygen spray gun, the enhanced device further includes an image monitoring system located in the middle or lower part of the molten slag cooling section, and the observation direction of the image monitoring system is directly facing the slag discharge port.

3. The strengthening device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The diameter of the slag discharge port is less than or equal to the diameter of the vertical section of the furnace. The lower sidewall of the slag cooling section is provided with a gas-solid outlet for discharging cooled crude gas and fly ash, and the bottom of the slag cooling section is provided with a solid phase outlet for discharging solid slag.

4. The strengthening device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diameter of the slag discharge port is D1, and the relationship between it and the diameter D0 of the vertical section of the furnace is: 0.3D0≤D1≤1.0D0.

5. The strengthening device according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the refractory insulation layer is located above the molten slag cooling section, the distance from the lower part of the refractory insulation layer to the lower part of the slag discharge port is L1, and the relationship between the lower part of the refractory insulation layer and the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port satisfies 0.1D1≤L≤1.0D1; The thickness of the fire-resistant insulation layer is 200-400mm.

6. The strengthening device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The refractory insulation layer is located outside the molten slag zone in the direction of the radiating section facing the molten slag zone, and the refractory insulation layer completely covers the outside of the slag discharge port located in the envelope space of the radiating section.

7. The strengthening device according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the enhanced slag discharge component is an oxygen lance, the number of oxygen lances is 2n, where n is a positive integer ≥1. The oxygen lances are evenly distributed and located at the same height, and the distance from the slag discharge port is 0-1 / 3 of the total height H of the molten gasification furnace. The oxygen spray gun adopts a dual-channel water-cooled structure, with the central channel being a pure oxygen channel and the outer ring channel being a cooling water channel.

8. The strengthening device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The oxygen lance is installed on the upper side wall of the molten slag cooling section. The outlet centerline of the oxygen lance is inclined upward and directly opposite the geometric center of the slag discharge port. The distance between the oxygen lance and the slag discharge port is 0-h, where h is the height of the molten slag zone.

9. The strengthening device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The oxygen lance is located at the lower part of the vertical section of the furnace, at a distance of S3 from the slag discharge port. The relationship between the oxygen lance and the total height H of the molten gasification furnace and the height h of the molten slag zone satisfies: h≤S3≤1 / 3H; The oxygen lance, located outside the slag zone, is at a distance S2 from the slag discharge port. The relationship between the distance S2 and the height h of the slag zone satisfies: 0.5h≤S2≤h. The oxygen lance, located in the lower part of the vertical furnace section and / or the slag zone, has its outlet centerline tilted downwards and focused at a focal point directly above the geometric center of the slag discharge port. The distance between the focal point and the geometric center of the slag discharge port is S1, which satisfies the following condition with respect to the diameter D1 of the slag discharge port: 0 ≤ S1 ≤ 0.5D1.

10. The strengthening device according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the case where the reinforced slag discharge assembly consists of the refractory insulation layer and the oxygen lance, the refractory insulation layer is disposed on the upper part of the molten slag cooling section and the lower part of the refractory insulation layer is lower than the slag discharge port, and the outlet of the oxygen lance located on the upper part of the molten slag cooling section passes through the refractory insulation layer and is aligned with the geometric center of the slag discharge port.

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