Layered rock slope protection structure

Abstract

The application relates to a layered rock slope protection structure and relates to the technical field of slope protection. The layered rock slope protection structure comprises an anchor rod mechanism and a protection layer. The anchor rod mechanism comprises an upper segment anchoring unit, a lower segment anchoring unit and a middle segment deformation coordination unit. The middle segment deformation coordination unit comprises: an axial deformation buffer for buffering axial compression or tensile deformation; an angle deflection adapter for adapting to angle deflection; a protective sleeve for encapsulating the axial deformation buffer and the angle deflection adapter; and a limiting assembly for limiting the axial deformation and the angle deflection amount. The middle segment deformation coordination unit of the anchor rod mechanism absorbs or releases the axial displacement amount through the axial deformation buffer to buffer the tensile and compressive stress, and simultaneously adapts to the relative deflection between the upper and lower rock layers through the angle deflection adapter, thereby significantly reducing the stress transmitted to the upper segment anchoring unit, the lower segment anchoring unit and the protection layer, and ensuring the stability and durability of the overall protection structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of slope protection, and in particular to structure protection for layered rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Layered rock slopes are widely used in engineering fields such as water conservancy, hydropower, transportation, and mining. These slopes are typically composed of alternating layers of hard rock and soft rock (or weak interlayers) with significant differences in strength, stiffness, and deformation characteristics. Under the influence of natural forces (such as gravity and groundwater) or engineering activities (such as excavation and blasting vibrations), layered rock slopes are prone to differential deformation along the boundaries between hard and soft rock layers or along weak interlayers. This deformation is mainly manifested as shear slippage, settlement, or local bulging of the upper rock layers relative to the lower rock layers. This differential deformation along structural planes is one of the main causes of instability and failure of layered rock slopes.

[0003] Currently, anchoring technology is a common method for reinforcing and protecting layered rock slopes. It primarily employs grout-bonded anchors (cables) combined with concrete panels, lattice beams, or wire mesh to form a protective structure. However, traditional anchors (cables) are typically designed as rigid or quasi-rigid structures with high tensile strength along their axis but relatively weak bending and shear resistance. When applied to layered rock slopes, this design presents the following significant drawbacks: 1. Stress concentration leading to component failure: At the interface between soft and hard rock layers or in weak interlayers, when significant differential deformation (including axial compression / tension displacement and relative angular deflection) occurs between the upper and lower rock layers, traditional anchor bolts will be subjected to enormous alternating shear, bending, and tensile-compressive stresses at this location. This complex stress state can easily cause the anchor bolt to bend, shear fail, or fatigue fracture in this weak area, thus losing its anchoring function. 2. Inability to Coordinate Deformation: Traditional anchor bolts lack effective deformation buffering and angle adaptation capabilities. When relative displacement occurs between upper and lower rock strata, the anchor bolt cannot effectively absorb and coordinate this deformation. Instead, it directly transfers the enormous stress generated by the deformation to the protective layer (such as a concrete panel) and adjacent anchor sections. This not only accelerates the failure of the anchor bolt itself but also easily leads to cracking and spalling of the protective layer, and may even trigger a chain reaction of failures in the entire protective structure.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of layered rock slope protection structure that enables the anchor mechanism to effectively buffer axial compression / tension deformation and adapt to angular deflection at the junction of soft and hard rock layers or weak interlayers, thereby significantly reducing the complex stress level in the area, protecting the anchor body from damage, ensuring the integrity and long-term stability of the protective layer, and improving the adaptability and durability of the entire protection system to differential deformation of layered rock slopes. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to enable the anchor bolt mechanism to effectively buffer axial compression / tension deformation and adapt to angular deflection at the interface of soft and hard rock layers or at weak interlayers, ensure the integrity and long-term stability of the protective layer, and improve the adaptability and durability of the entire protection system to differential deformation of layered rock slopes, this application provides a layered rock slope protection structure.

[0006] The layered rock slope protection structure provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A layered rock slope protection structure includes an anchor bolt mechanism anchored to the slope and a protective layer connected to multiple sets of anchor bolt mechanisms to protect the layered rock slope. The anchor bolt mechanism comprises an upper anchoring unit anchored to the upper rock layer of the slope, a lower anchoring unit anchored to the lower rock layer of the slope, and a middle deformation coordination unit connecting the upper and lower anchoring units and located at the interface between the hard and soft rock layers of the layered rock slope or at a weak interlayer location. The middle deformation coordination unit includes: An axial deformation buffer, which is used to buffer axial compression or tensile deformation; An angle deflection adapter, the angle deflection adapter being used to adapt to angle deflection; Protective sleeve, the protective sleeve being used to encapsulate the axial deformation buffer and the angular deflection adapter; A limiting component is used to limit axial deformation and angular deflection.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when axial compression / tension and angular deflection occur at the junction of soft and hard rock layers or weak interlayers in a layered rock slope, the middle deformation coordination unit of the anchor bolt mechanism absorbs or releases the axial displacement through its axial deformation buffer to buffer the tensile and compressive stress. At the same time, it adapts to the relative deflection between the upper and lower rock layers through the angular deflection adapter, thereby effectively coordinating the complex deformation of the weak area, significantly reducing the stress transmitted to the upper anchor unit, lower anchor unit and protective layer, protecting the main structure of the anchor bolt from damage and maintaining the integrity of the protective layer, and ensuring the stability and durability of the overall protective structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the axial deformation buffer includes: The main rod is connected to the lower anchoring unit; The auxiliary rod is connected to the upper anchoring unit. The main rod has an installation groove on the side near the auxiliary rod, and the auxiliary rod passes through the installation groove and slides inside the main rod. A butterfly spring assembly is provided, which is installed in the mounting groove and sleeved on the auxiliary rod. The opposite ends of the butterfly spring assembly are respectively installed on the main rod and the auxiliary rod. The butterfly spring assembly is used to push the main rod and the auxiliary rod away from each other or pull the main rod and the auxiliary rod closer to each other.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when tensile deformation occurs, the disc spring assembly is stretched and provides a reverse tensile force; when compressive deformation occurs, the spring is compressed and provides a reverse thrust, ultimately achieving a consistent displacement trend and thus realizing self-resetting capability.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle deflection adapter is a ball joint mechanism. The auxiliary rod is rotatably connected to the upper anchoring unit through the angle deflection adapter, and the main rod is rotatably connected to the lower anchoring unit through a sliding spline joint. The sliding spline joint includes a rotating seat rotatably mounted on the main rod, a first shaft rotatably mounted on the rotating seat, and a second shaft rotatably mounted on the lower anchoring unit. The first shaft and the second shaft are perpendicular to each other, and the second shaft is rotatably mounted on the first shaft. The rotation direction of the rotating seat is perpendicular to both the rotation direction of the first shaft and the rotation direction of the second shaft.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the ball joint mechanism enables the secondary rod and the upper anchoring unit to rotate in all directions. At the same time, the sliding spline pair decouples the three-dimensional rotation and axial sliding degrees of freedom of the main rod and the lower anchoring unit, allowing the main shaft to slide slightly while rotating. Ultimately, this facilitates the full-angle adaptation of the main rod and the secondary rod relative to the upper and lower anchoring units.

[0012] Furthermore, the protective sleeve includes: A sealing cylinder, which is sleeved on the outside of the middle section deformation coordination unit; Dynamic sealing rings, two sets of dynamic sealing rings are respectively set at both ends of the sealing cylinder and are slidably and sealingly connected to the upper anchoring unit and the lower anchoring unit.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the sealing cylinder completely encloses the middle deformation coordination unit, and a dynamic seal that can slide axially and deform radially is formed between the upper and lower anchoring units through the dynamic sealing ring, which prevents foreign matter from entering the core mechanism, while ensuring that the seal is maintained continuously during axial expansion and contraction and angular deflection.

[0014] Furthermore, the sealed cylinder is filled with anti-corrosion grease lubricant.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the anti-corrosion grease lubricant set inside the sealing strip is sealed in the middle deformation coordination unit area through a dynamic sealing ring, which inhibits corrosion and reduces the frictional resistance when the middle deformation coordination unit deforms.

[0016] Furthermore, the limiting component includes: An axial limiting block is provided on the sealing cylinder and is used to limit the maximum axial deformation displacement. A radial limiting ring is disposed on the ball joint mechanism and is used to limit the maximum deflection angle.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the axial limiting block rigidly restricts the maximum extension and retraction displacement of the main / secondary rod; the radial limiting ring constrains the deflection angle of the ball joint, thereby limiting the amount of deformation and ensuring that the force transmitted to the upper and lower anchoring units is always lower than the rock layer bond strength threshold, thus ensuring that the deformation coordination function operates stably within the safe design range.

[0018] Furthermore, the installation area of ​​the mid-section deformation coordination unit is filled with a low-strength flexible grouting material, which is rubber particle modified cement grout or polyurethane foam.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the flexible material wrapping further absorbs the energy of rock fragmentation / contraction, reduces the local pressure directly acting on the sleeve, and avoids stress concentration caused by point contact between the sealing sleeve and hard rock mass, thus protecting the sealing sleeve structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the upper and lower anchoring units are grouted bonded anchor sections, and multiple sets of reinforcing ribs are spaced apart on the anchor sections to enhance the connection strength with the slope rock strata.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solutions, the reinforcing bars significantly increase the shear strength and interlocking force of the anchor bolt, grout, and rock mass interface, thereby ensuring that the strength of the anchoring section is much higher than that of the deformation coordination unit in the middle section, so that the deformation can be controlled and concentrated in the design weak area.

[0022] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: When axial compression / tension and angular deflection occur at the interface between soft and hard rock layers or in weak interlayers of a layered rock slope, the mid-section deformation coordination unit of the anchor bolt mechanism absorbs or releases the axial displacement through its axial deformation buffer to buffer the tensile and compressive stress. At the same time, it adapts to the relative deflection between the upper and lower rock layers through the angular deflection adapter, thereby effectively coordinating the complex deformation of the weak area, significantly reducing the stress transmitted to the upper anchor unit, lower anchor unit and protective layer, protecting the main structure of the anchor bolt from damage and maintaining the integrity of the protective layer, ensuring the stability and durability of the overall protective structure. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the layered rock slope protection structure of this application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of section B; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the layered rock slope protection structure of this application, which only shows the anchor bolt body structure; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of section C.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1. Anchor bolt mechanism; 11. Upper anchoring unit; 111. Reinforcing rib; 12. Lower anchoring unit; 2. Middle deformation coordination unit; 3. Axial deformation buffer; 31. Main rod; 311. Mounting groove; 312. Sliding groove; 32. Secondary rod; 33. Butterfly spring assembly; 4. Angle deflection adapter; 5. Protective sleeve; 51. Sealing cylinder; 52. Dynamic sealing ring; 6. Limiting assembly; 61. Axial limiting block; 62. Radial limiting ring; 7. Sliding spline pair; 71. Rotary seat; 72. First shaft; 73. Second shaft; 8. Protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-5 This application will be described in further detail.

[0026] This application discloses a layered rock slope protection structure.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 The layered rock slope protection structure includes an anchor bolt mechanism 1 anchored to the slope and a protective layer 8 connected to multiple sets of anchor bolt mechanisms 1 to protect the layered rock slope. The anchor bolt mechanism 1 includes an upper anchor unit 11 anchored to the upper rock layer of the slope, a lower anchor unit 12 anchored to the lower rock layer of the slope, and a middle deformation coordination unit 2 connecting the upper anchor unit 11 and the lower anchor unit 12 and located at the junction of the soft and hard rock layers or the weak interlayer of the layered rock slope.

[0028] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The intermediate deformation coordination unit 2 includes an axial deformation buffer 3, an angle deflection adapter 4, a protective sleeve 5, and a limiting component 6. The axial deformation buffer 3 is used to buffer axial compression or tensile deformation. The axial deformation buffer 3 includes a main rod 31, a secondary rod 32, and a butterfly spring assembly 33. The main rod 31 is connected to the lower anchoring unit 12. The main rod 31 has an installation groove 311 on the side near the secondary rod 32, and a sliding groove 312 is installed at the bottom of the installation groove 311. The secondary rod 32... Connected to the upper anchoring unit 11, the secondary rod 32 passes through the mounting groove 311 and slides within the sliding groove 312; the butterfly spring assembly 33 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the mounting groove 311, and the butterfly spring assembly 33 is sleeved on the secondary rod 32. The two opposite ends of the butterfly spring assembly 33 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting groove 311 of the main rod 31 and the secondary rod 32. The butterfly spring assembly 33 is used to push the main rod 31 and the secondary rod 32 away from each other or pull the main rod 31 and the secondary rod 32 closer to each other.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3Specifically, after installation, the butterfly spring assembly 33 is in its original position. When the middle section deformation coordination unit 2 is stretched under external force, the butterfly spring assembly 33 is stretched and always provides a pulling force that brings the main rod 31 and the auxiliary rod 32 closer to each other. When the middle section deformation coordination unit 2 is compressed under external force, the butterfly spring assembly 33 is compressed and always provides a pushing force that moves the main rod 31 and the auxiliary rod 32 further away from each other. This absorbs the displacement caused by the stretching or compression of soft rock and significantly reduces the axial stress transmitted to other parts of the anchor bolt mechanism 1.

[0030] Reference Figure 3 The angle deflection adapter 4 is a ball joint mechanism. The auxiliary rod 32 is rotatably connected to the upper anchoring unit 11 through the ball joint mechanism, and the fixed end of the ball joint mechanism is fixedly connected to the lower anchoring unit 12.

[0031] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The main rod 31 is rotatably connected to the lower anchoring unit 12 via a sliding spline pair 7. The sliding spline pair 7 includes a rotating seat 71 rotatably mounted on the main rod 31, a first shaft 72 rotatably mounted on the rotating seat 71, and a second shaft 73 rotatably mounted on the lower anchoring unit 12. The first shaft 72 and the second shaft 73 are perpendicular to each other, and the second shaft 73 is rotatably mounted on the first shaft 72. The rotation direction of the rotating seat 71 is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the first shaft 72 and the rotation direction of the second shaft 73.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 The protective sleeve 5 includes a sealing sleeve 51 and a dynamic sealing ring 52. The sealing sleeve 51 is sleeved on the outside of the middle deformation coordination unit 2. Two sets of dynamic sealing rings 52 are provided, and the two sets of dynamic sealing rings 52 are respectively fixedly installed on both ends of the sealing sleeve. The dynamic sealing rings 52 are slidably and sealingly connected to the upper anchoring unit 11 or the lower anchoring unit 12. The sealing sleeve 51 is filled with anti-corrosion grease lubricant to ensure the deformation within the middle deformation coordination unit 2. In this embodiment, the dynamic sealing ring 52 is a rubber ring, which can slide axially and move in a direction perpendicular to the axis while always maintaining a seal.

[0033] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The limiting component 6 includes an axial limiting block 61 and a radial limiting ring 62. The axial limiting block 61 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the sealing cylinder 51 and is used to limit the maximum axial deformation displacement. The radial limiting ring 62 is fixedly installed on the ball joint mechanism and is used to limit the maximum deflection angle of the auxiliary rod 32.

[0034] Reference Figure 1The installation area of ​​the intermediate deformation coordination unit 2 is filled with low-strength flexible grouting material, which is rubber particle modified cement grout or polyurethane foam, so as to make the intermediate deformation coordination unit 2 and the weak interlayer flexibly bonded.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The upper anchoring unit 11 and the lower anchoring unit 12 are grouted and bonded anchor sections. Multiple sets of reinforcing ribs 111 are installed at intervals on the anchor sections to enhance the connection strength between the anchors and the slope rock strata.

[0036] The working principle of this application embodiment is as follows: When axial compression / tension and angular deflection occur at the junction of soft and hard rock layers or weak interlayers in a layered rock slope, the mid-section deformation coordination unit 2 of the anchor bolt mechanism 1 absorbs or releases the axial displacement through its axial deformation buffer 3 to buffer the tensile and compressive stress. At the same time, it adapts to the relative deflection between the upper and lower rock layers through the angular deflection adapter 4, thereby effectively coordinating the complex deformation of the weak area, significantly reducing the stress transmitted to the upper anchor unit 11, the lower anchor unit 12 and the protective layer 8, protecting the main structure of the anchor bolt from damage and maintaining the integrity of the protective layer 8, ensuring the stability and durability of the overall protective structure.

[0037] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A layered rock slope protection structure, comprising an anchor bolt mechanism (1) anchored to the slope, and a protective layer (8) connected to multiple sets of anchor bolt mechanisms (1) and used to protect the layered rock slope, characterized in that: The anchoring mechanism (1) includes an upper anchoring unit (11) anchored to the upper rock layer of the slope, a lower anchoring unit (12) anchored to the lower rock layer of the slope, and a middle deformation coordination unit (2) connecting the upper anchoring unit (11) and the lower anchoring unit (12) and located at the junction of the soft and hard rock layers or the weak interlayer of the layered rock slope. The middle deformation coordination unit (2) includes: An axial deformation buffer (3) is provided, comprising a main rod (31), a secondary rod (32), and a butterfly spring assembly (33). The main rod (31) is connected to the lower anchoring unit (12), and the secondary rod (32) is connected to the upper anchoring unit (11). The main rod (31) has an installation groove (311) on the side near the secondary rod (32). The secondary rod (32) passes through the installation groove (311) and slides inside the main rod (31). The butterfly spring assembly (33) is installed in the installation groove (311) and sleeved on the secondary rod (32). The two opposite ends of the butterfly spring assembly (33) are respectively installed on the main rod (31) and the secondary rod (32). The butterfly spring assembly (33) is used to push the main rod (31) and the secondary rod (32) away from each other or pull the main rod (31) and the secondary rod (32) closer to each other. Angle deflection adapter (4) is a ball joint mechanism. The auxiliary rod (32) is rotatably connected to the upper anchoring unit (11) through the angle deflection adapter (4). The main rod (31) is rotatably connected to the lower anchoring unit (12) through the sliding spline pair (7). The sliding spline pair (7) includes a rotating seat (71) rotatably mounted on the main rod (31), a first shaft (72) rotatably mounted on the rotating seat (71), and a second shaft (73) rotatably mounted on the lower anchoring unit (12). The first shaft (72) and the second shaft (73) are perpendicular to each other, and the second shaft (73) is rotatably mounted on the first shaft (72). The rotation direction of the rotating seat (71) is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the first shaft (72) and the rotation direction of the second shaft (73). Protective sleeve (5), the protective sleeve (5) is used to encapsulate the axial deformation buffer (3) and the angle deflection adapter (4); Limiting component (6), the limiting component (6) is used to limit axial deformation and angular deflection.

2. The layered rock slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective sleeve (5) includes: A sealing cylinder (51) is fitted on the outside of the middle section deformation coordination unit (2); Dynamic sealing rings (52), the two sets of dynamic sealing rings (52) are respectively set at both ends of the sealing cylinder (51) and are slidably sealed to the upper anchoring unit (11) and the lower anchoring unit (12).

3. The layered rock slope protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealed cylinder (51) is filled with anti-corrosion grease lubricant.

4. The layered rock slope protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting component (6) includes: An axial limiting block (61) is provided on the sealing cylinder (51) and is used to limit the maximum axial deformation displacement. A radial limiting ring (62) is provided on the ball joint mechanism and is used to limit the maximum deflection angle.

5. The layered rock slope protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The installation area of ​​the mid-section deformation coordination unit (2) is filled with low-strength flexible grouting material, which is rubber particle modified cement grout or polyurethane foam.

6. The layered rock slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper anchoring unit (11) and the lower anchoring unit (12) are grout-bonded anchor sections, and multiple sets of reinforcing ribs (111) are provided at intervals on the anchor sections to enhance the connection strength between the anchors and the slope rock layers.

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