Self-adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of self-adaptive pressure-bearing type active protective net for broken rock slope, belong to slope protection technical field.The system includes support rope, steel rope net, grating net and anchor rod, its core is in that anchor rod end is equipped with self-adaptive anchor rod head pressure-bearing device, the device is by the pressure-bearing plate and anchor rod connected by universal ball hinge, anchor rod tension can be converted into pressure to slope surface, greatly optimizes the stress state of broken rock mass.Steel rope net node is equipped with bumper, grating net edge is equipped with reinforcing reverse edge.The advantage is by changing force transmission path and self-adaptive leveling, significantly reduce the dependence on single anchor rod anchoring quality, improve the overall stability and security of system under adverse geological conditions, applicable to the reinforcement protection of high-risk slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of slope protection technology in geotechnical engineering, specifically to an adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net suitable for fractured rock slopes with poor geological conditions and low anchoring reliability. Background Technology

[0002] Active slope protection nets, as core equipment for slope geological disaster protection, are widely used in slope protection for highways, railways, mines, and water conservancy projects. Through the synergistic action of support ropes and steel rope nets, they intercept and restrain hazards such as rockfalls and landslides. Traditional active slope protection nets heavily rely on the anchoring quality of anchor bolts. In fractured, weak rock layers, or soil slopes, the anchoring force of anchor bolts is difficult to guarantee, and pull-out is prone to occur. Furthermore, in traditional systems, the support ropes are directly connected to the anchor bolt outcrops, resulting in concentrated stress and difficulty adapting to uneven slope surfaces. This leads to uneven pretension distribution and localized stress concentration, further exacerbating the risk of anchor bolt failure. Once a single or partial anchor bolt fails, the stress will redistribute rapidly, potentially triggering a chain reaction that causes the entire protection system to fail. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an active slope protection net that can adapt to slope conditions and improve the connection stability and impact resistance of its components to meet the practical needs of complex slope protection. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net. By dispersing the stress, allowing local deformation, and providing secondary buffering, it significantly reduces the dependence on the anchoring quality of a single anchor rod and greatly improves the safety and reliability of the system under adverse geological conditions.

[0004] To achieve the above technical objectives, the following technical solution is adopted: An adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net includes support ropes fixed to the slope surface by anchors and arranged in a crisscross pattern, a steel rope mesh laid within the support rope grid, a grid mesh set below the steel rope mesh, and a stitching rope for stitching the steel rope mesh to the support ropes; the anchor bolts are provided with an adaptive anchor bolt head pressure-bearing device at their orifice ends, and the support ropes are mounted on the adaptive anchor bolt head pressure-bearing device; the adaptive anchor bolt head pressure-bearing device includes a pressure plate for distributing and transmitting the system force to the slope surface and a universal hinge mechanism for connecting the anchor bolts, the pressure plate being connected to the end of the anchor bolts through the universal hinge mechanism.

[0005] Furthermore, the universal joint mechanism is a ball joint structure, which includes a ball joint seat fixed to the end of the anchor rod and a ball joint connecting rod disposed in the ball joint seat. The other end of the ball joint connecting rod is fixedly connected to the center of the back of the pressure plate.

[0006] Furthermore, a layer of high-damping elastic material is filled between the ball joint seat and the ball joint link.

[0007] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the pressure plate is a concave curved surface or inclined surface that fits into the slope, and its top surface is provided with two or more arc-shaped grooves for embedding and limiting the support ropes, and the radius of curvature of the grooves matches the diameter of the support ropes.

[0008] Furthermore, each groove on the pressure plate is provided with a pressure plate and threaded holes. The threaded holes are symmetrically distributed on both sides of each groove. The pressure plate presses and fixes the support rope in the groove by fastening bolts that cooperate with the threaded holes on both sides.

[0009] Furthermore, a node buffer is provided at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse steel ropes of the steel rope net. The node buffer is a ring-shaped structure, with its inner ring wrapping and clamping the intersecting steel ropes, and its outer ring being an elastic buffer.

[0010] Furthermore, the elastic buffer of the node buffer is made of high-strength, wear-resistant polyurethane material.

[0011] Furthermore, the perimeter of the grid mesh is provided with a reinforced reverse edge, which is formed by stitching or pressing together a reinforcing rope wrapped around the grid mesh material itself.

[0012] The beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are: This invention provides an adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net. Compared with existing technologies, by changing the "anchor rod" to a "slope pressure surface," it is more adaptable to the mechanical properties of fractured rock masses and significantly reduces the stringent requirements on the anchoring depth of the anchor rod. The universal hinge mechanism, in conjunction with the pressure plate, can adapt to the installation needs of different inclination angles and uneven slopes, solving the problem of poor fit of traditional anchor rod heads. The pressure plate and the high-damping elastic material layer work together to distribute the system load to the slope, reducing local stress between the anchor rod and the slope, and reducing the risk of anchor rod loosening and slope damage. The pressure plate features arc-shaped grooves for precise installation and positioning of the support ropes. Combined with the rigid fixing structure of the pressure plate and fastening bolts, this effectively resists displacement or slippage caused by rockfalls, wind, and other loads, ensuring the stability of the protective net structure. Node buffers provide an additional energy-absorbing layer; when subjected to impact or local rock instability, the system absorbs energy through the elastic-plastic deformation of its components, redistributing the load and preventing the disaster from escalating. The reinforced reverse edge of the grid mesh, through reinforcing ropes and composite processes, enhances its edge tensile strength and wear resistance. The structural design of each component in this invention is simple and requires no specialized or complex equipment for installation. The size of the pressure plate, the diameter of the support ropes, and the specifications of the grid mesh can be adjusted according to the slope gradient and protection requirements, making it suitable for protection projects in various scenarios such as highway slopes, railway lines, mine slopes, and water conservancy dams. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The present invention will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall slope layout of this utility model.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall slope cross-section of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 3 This is an installation structure diagram of the adaptive anchor head pressure-bearing device in this utility model.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced reverse-edge structure of the grid mesh in this utility model.

[0018] In the diagram: 1-Support rope; 2-Steel rope mesh; 3-Grid mesh; 31-Reinforced reverse edge; 32-Reinforcing rope; 4-Stitching rope; 5-Anchor bolt; 6-Adaptive anchor head pressure-bearing device; 61-Pressure plate; 611-Groove; 612-Pressure plate; 613-Fastening bolt; 62-Universal hinge mechanism; 621-Spherical hinge seat; 622-Spherical head connecting rod; 7-Node buffer. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. The described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net, which includes crisscrossing support ropes 1 fixed to the slope by anchor rods 5, steel rope net 2 laid in the grid of support ropes 1, grid net 3 set below steel rope net 2, and sewing rope 4 for sewing the steel rope net 2 to the support ropes 1.

[0021] The four edges of the grid mesh 3 are provided with reinforced reverse wrapping edge 31. The reinforced reverse wrapping edge 31 is formed by wrapping a reinforcing rope 32 around the grid mesh material itself and then sewing or pressing it together. This improves the tensile strength of the edge, avoids edge wear and tear during installation or use, and ensures the grid mesh 3's ability to intercept small falling stones.

[0022] An adaptive anchor head bearing device 6 is provided at the orifice end of the anchor bolt 5, and the support rope 1 is mounted on the adaptive anchor head bearing device 6. The adaptive anchor head bearing device 6 includes a bearing plate 61 for distributing and transmitting the system force to the slope surface and a universal joint mechanism 62 for connecting the anchor bolt 5. The bearing plate 61 is connected to the end of the anchor bolt 5 through the universal joint mechanism 62. The universal joint mechanism 62 is a ball joint structure, which includes a ball joint seat 621 fixed to the end of the anchor bolt 5 and a ball head connecting rod 622 set in the ball joint seat 621. The other end of the ball head connecting rod 622 is fixedly connected to the center of the back of the bearing plate 61. A high-damping elastic material layer is filled between the ball joint seat 621 and the ball head connecting rod 622.

[0023] The bottom surface of the pressure plate 61 is a concave curved surface or inclined surface that fits into the slope. Its top surface is provided with two or more arc-shaped grooves 611 for embedding and limiting the support rope 1. The radius of curvature of the grooves 611 matches the diameter of the support rope 1. At the position of each groove 611 on the pressure plate 61, there is a pressure plate 612 and a threaded hole. The threaded holes are symmetrically distributed on both sides of each groove 611. The pressure plate 612 presses and fixes the support rope 1 in the groove 611 by fastening bolts 613 that cooperate with the threaded holes on both sides.

[0024] The steel rope net 2 has a node buffer 7 at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse steel ropes. The node buffer 7 is a ring-shaped structure, with its inner ring wrapping and clamping the intersecting steel ropes, and its outer ring being an elastic buffer body made of high-strength wear-resistant polyurethane material.

[0025] The installation and implementation steps of this utility model are as follows: S1. Construction Preparation and Slope Treatment: First, survey the slope area requiring protection to determine the protection scope. Remove loose soil, loose rocks, and unstable rock masses that threaten construction safety within the area. For any protrusions or depressions that are unfavorable to the system's fit against the slope after installation, make appropriate modifications and treatments to provide a relatively flat working surface for subsequent construction.

[0026] S2. Measurement and Hole Position Determination: Based on the design drawings (usually using a 4.5m×4.5m or 2.5m×4.5m anchor bolt arrangement), use a total station or other surveying equipment to accurately measure and determine the hole positions of the anchor bolts 5 on the slope. Within the ±0.3m adjustment range allowed by the hole spacing design, priority should be given to selecting low-lying areas on the slope for hole placement. For unavoidable non-low-lying areas, a pit with a depth and diameter of not less than 20cm should be chiseled at that location to ensure that the bearing plate 61 can effectively contact the slope after installation.

[0027] S3. Drilling and Hole Cleaning: Use down-the-hole drills or similar equipment to drill anchor bolt holes to the designed depth, with a hole diameter of φ70mm. The hole depth should be 10cm deeper than the designed anchor bolt length to ensure full grouting. After drilling, use high-pressure air or clean water to thoroughly clean the rock powder and debris from the hole.

[0028] S4. Anchor Bolt Installation and Grouting: Insert the pre-prepared anchor bolts 5 into the cleaned holes. Use a grouting machine to inject neat cement grout into the holes. The cement should preferably be ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5, and the sand particle size should not exceed 3mm to ensure the grout is full and dense. After grouting, the grouted body should be cured for no less than 72 hours until it reaches the design strength before proceeding to the next step.

[0029] S5. Install the adaptive anchor head bearing device 6: After curing, firmly connect the ball joint seat 621 of the universal joint mechanism 62 of the adaptive anchor head bearing device 6 to the exposed end of the anchor 5 by thread or welding. Then, insert the ball joint connecting rod 622 on the back of the bearing plate 61 into the ball joint seat 621 to complete the universal joint connection. At this time, the bearing plate 61 can rotate freely in multiple degrees under the ball joint connection, and its bottom surface will adaptively conform to the slope shape.

[0030] S6. Installation and tensioning of the support ropes: The support ropes 1 in both longitudinal and transverse directions are sequentially embedded into the pre-set arc-shaped grooves 611 on the top surface of each pressure plate 61. Then, the pressure plate 612 is placed over the grooves 611 and tightened using the fastening bolts 613, thereby firmly pressing and fixing the support ropes 1 to the pressure plate 61. Subsequently, the support ropes 1 are tensioned, and after tensioning, they are fixed to the anchor bolt devices at both ends using no fewer than three rope clamps.

[0031] S7. Laying the grating 3 and steel wire mesh 2: Lay the grating 3 from top to bottom, with an overlap width of not less than 5cm between mesh panels. The reinforced reverse edge 31 of the grating 3 effectively reduces wear during dragging and laying, improving durability. Subsequently, lay the steel wire mesh 2, with the node buffer 7 pre-installed at the intersection. The node buffer 7 is made of high-strength, wear-resistant polyurethane, which effectively absorbs impact energy.

[0032] S8. Stitching and Final Tensioning: Using φ8mm steel rope as stitching rope 4, each steel rope net 2 is stitched to its surrounding support ropes 1 and then subjected to final pre-tensioning. This tensioning process applies normal pre-tension pressure to the slope surface through the entire system and transmits it evenly to the slope rock mass through the bearing plate 61, thereby significantly improving the stability of the shallow rock mass.

[0033] S9. Assisted tying: Finally, use φ1.5mm to φ2.0mm iron wire at intervals of about 1m to tie the steel rope net 2 to the grid net 3 below to form a complete protective unit.

[0034] Other aspects of this utility model that are not detailed herein are all conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0036] The scope of protection of this utility model is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model shall fall within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. An adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net, comprising support ropes (1) fixed to the slope surface by anchor bolts (5) and arranged in a crisscross pattern, a steel rope net (2) laid within the grid of the support ropes (1), a grid net (3) set below the steel rope net (2), and a sewing rope (4) for sewing the steel rope net (2) to the support ropes (1); characterized in that: An adaptive anchor head bearing device (6) is provided at the orifice end of the anchor rod (5), and the support rope (1) is erected on the adaptive anchor head bearing device (6). The adaptive anchor head bearing device (6) includes a bearing plate (61) for distributing and transmitting the system force to the slope and a universal hinge mechanism (62) for connecting the anchor rod (5). The bearing plate (61) is connected to the end of the anchor rod (5) through the universal hinge mechanism (62).

2. The adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net according to claim 1, characterized in that: The universal hinge mechanism (62) is a ball joint structure, which includes a ball joint seat (621) fixed to the end of the anchor rod (5) and a ball joint connecting rod (622) set in the ball joint seat (621). The other end of the ball joint connecting rod (622) is fixedly connected to the center of the back of the pressure plate (61).

3. The adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net according to claim 2, characterized in that: A layer of high-damping elastic material is filled between the ball joint seat (621) and the ball joint link (622).

4. The adaptive pressure-bearing active protective net according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the pressure plate (61) is a concave curved surface or inclined surface that fits the slope, and its top surface is provided with two or more arc-shaped grooves (611) for embedding and limiting the support rope (1). The radius of curvature of the groove (611) matches the diameter of the support rope (1).

5. The adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure plate (61) is provided with a pressure plate (612) and a threaded hole at the position of each groove (611). The threaded holes are symmetrically distributed on both sides of each groove (611). The pressure plate (612) presses and fixes the support rope (1) in the groove (611) by fastening bolts (613) that cooperate with the threaded holes on both sides.

6. The adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel rope net (2) has a node buffer (7) at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse steel ropes. The node buffer (7) is a ring-shaped structure, with its inner ring wrapping and clamping the intersecting steel ropes, and its outer ring being an elastic buffer.

7. The adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic buffer of the node buffer (7) is made of high-strength wear-resistant polyurethane material.

8. The adaptive pressure-bearing active protection net according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid mesh (3) has a reinforced reverse edge (31) around its perimeter. The reinforced reverse edge (31) is formed by wrapping a reinforcing rope (32) around the grid mesh (3) material itself and then sewing or pressing it together.

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