Lightweight ecological base material slope spray planting and green structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of lightweight ecological substrate side slope spray seeding and green structure, multiple horizontal baffles are included to the side slope is divided into independent planting area, the slope surface of the side slope is laid with isolation layer between horizontal baffle, and fixed with lightweight hanging net on horizontal baffle and slope surface, and the cavity formed by lightweight hanging net and isolation layer is filled with ecological substrate layer, and the outside of lightweight hanging net is covered with spray seeding layer.The utility model stores water and stabilizes soil by horizontal baffle, net of nettle fiber and straw base ecological substrate cooperate to reduce overall load and provide stable attachment carrier, solve the problem that spray seeding layer of high and steep side slope is easy to fall off, water and fertilizer is easy to lose, with the characteristics of ecological environmental protection, strong stability, green effect lasting, suitable for ecological restoration of various high and steep rock or soil slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the interdisciplinary technical field of geotechnical engineering and ecological restoration, specifically a lightweight ecological substrate slope spraying and revegetation structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of infrastructure construction, mining, highway and railway construction, and other engineering activities have generated a large number of steep slopes. These slopes generally suffer from problems such as poor soil quality, steep gradients, and poor stability, posing numerous challenges to traditional vegetation restoration techniques.

[0003] Traditional hydroseeding technology uses a thick layer of topsoil with metal mesh, resulting in excessive overall weight. On steep slopes, the topsoil is prone to peeling and sliding due to gravity, posing a safety hazard. The rapid runoff on the slope makes it difficult to effectively retain water and nutrients, hindering early plant establishment and growth. The substrate layer is easily eroded and lost under rainwater, leading to revegetation failure. Due to poor initial establishment results, multiple reseedings and large amounts of irrigation are often required, resulting in high maintenance costs in the later stages.

[0004] In existing related technologies, some patents use plant fiber nets for slope reinforcement. For example, patent CN117144941A discloses a slope reinforcement method using a combination of alfalfa and netting fiber mats. However, it only focuses on the reinforcement effect of the fiber net alone and does not combine it with lightweight substrate and water-retaining structure design, resulting in limited water and fertilizer retention effects. Patent CN106801423A discloses a spraying substrate using steam-exploded straw as raw material, but it lacks effective net support and water-retaining baffle design, making the substrate prone to loss and unsuitable for high and steep slopes. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this utility model provides a lightweight ecological substrate slope spraying and revegetation structure. Through multi-component collaborative design, it achieves rapid, long-lasting, and low-maintenance revegetation of steep slopes. It has the advantages of lightweight structure, strong stability, good water and fertilizer retention, and ecological environmental protection. It can be widely used in the ecological restoration of steep slopes formed by highways, railways, mines and other projects.

[0006] The technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows: a lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding revegetation structure, including multiple transverse baffles that divide the slope into independent planting areas, an isolation layer laid between the slope surface and the transverse baffles, a lightweight hanging net fixed on the transverse baffles and the slope surface, an ecological substrate layer filling the cavity formed by the lightweight hanging net and the isolation layer, and a hydroseeding layer covering the outside of the lightweight hanging net.

[0007] Furthermore, the transverse baffles are spaced along the contour lines of the slope and fixed to the slope with anchor bolts.

[0008] Furthermore, the transverse baffles are made of anti-corrosion wood, bamboo, or biodegradable composite materials, with a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section. Each baffle is equipped with at least two anchor rods, and the vertical spacing between adjacent transverse baffles is 1.5-3.0 meters.

[0009] Furthermore, the isolation layer is made of biodegradable non-woven fabric with a thickness of 0.5mm-1.0mm. The isolation layer completely covers the slope and the inner side of the transverse baffle. The edge of the isolation layer is flush with the upper and lower edges of the transverse baffle, and the outer side of the isolation layer is in contact with the ecological substrate layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the lightweight netting is made of netting woven from natural netting fibers and is fixed to the slope and transverse retaining walls by U-shaped anchors or biodegradable ropes.

[0011] Furthermore, the lightweight hanging net has a mesh size of 50mm×50mm to 100mm×100mm and a rope diameter of 8mm-12mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the filling thickness of the ecological substrate layer is 8-10cm, and it is made from agricultural waste straw as the main raw material, combined with water-retaining agents and microbial agents.

[0013] Furthermore, the thickness of the spraying layer is 1-3 cm, and the spraying layer is made of a mixture of plant seeds, adhesive, water-retaining agent and fertilizer.

[0014] Furthermore, the plant seeds are selected from a mixture of deep-rooted herbaceous plants and local shrub seeds.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes biodegradable covering netting, which covers the outside of the hydroseeding layer and is fixed with U-shaped anchors, with a thickness of 0.3mm-0.5mm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. Lightweight and stable synergy: The use of nettle fiber netting to replace traditional heavy metal netting, combined with lightweight ecological substrate mainly composed of straw, significantly reduces the overall weight of the revegetation structure and reduces the risk of detachment; the horizontal baffles form a stepped support frame, dividing the slope into independent small units, which, combined with anchor bolts, significantly improves structural stability and solves the core problem of easy detachment of the sprayed layer on steep slopes.

[0018] 2. Excellent water and fertilizer retention: The horizontal baffle can effectively intercept uphill runoff and nutrients, forming local "micro-terraces". Combined with the water-retaining agent and organic fertilizer in the ecological substrate, it creates a stable water and fertilizer environment, reduces water and nutrient loss, and solves the problem of difficult vegetation planting on steep slopes.

[0019] 3. Superior vegetation growth environment: The rough surface of nettle fiber web and the loose structure of straw substrate provide an ideal carrier for early root attachment and penetration; microbial agents promote root development, and straw degrades into organic matter, continuously providing nutrients for plant growth and improving vegetation survival rate and growth quality.

[0020] 4. Eco-friendly and low-cost: The main components are made of natural or biodegradable materials, which are environmentally friendly and avoid the ecological damage caused by traditional materials; the resource utilization of agricultural waste such as straw not only reduces the cost of raw materials, but also realizes waste reuse, which is in line with the concept of green development.

[0021] 5. Wide applicability and convenient construction: The structural design is simple, and each component can be quickly laid and filled on site without the need for complicated equipment. It is especially suitable for construction on complex and steep slopes that are difficult for machinery to reach, which greatly improves construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the transverse baffle and isolation layer of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lightweight hanging net and the ecological substrate layer of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spraying layer of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biodegradable tarpaulin of this utility model;

[0027] In the diagram: 1-slope; 2-transverse baffle; 3-anchor bolt; 4-isolation layer; 5-lightweight netting; 6-ecological substrate layer; 7-hydroseeding layer; 8-biodegradable covering netting. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size. It is understandable for those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted. Based on the specific embodiments of the present invention, all other specific embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," and "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] like Figure 1-5 The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding revegetation structure shown includes a horizontal baffle 2, an isolation layer 4, a lightweight netting 5, an ecological substrate layer 6, and a hydroseeding layer 7. The components are arranged collaboratively from top to bottom along the slope, as detailed below:

[0032] Horizontal baffles 2: These are spaced along the contour lines of the slope and are made of preservative-treated wood, bamboo, or biodegradable composite materials, with a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section. They are securely fixed to the slope using anchor bolts 3, with a total length of 30cm-50cm, an anchoring depth of 20cm-35cm, and a diameter of 12mm-16mm. Each baffle has at least two anchor bolts 3. The vertical spacing between adjacent horizontal baffles 2 is 1.5-3.0 meters, decreasing with steeper slopes. This divides a long slope into multiple independent and stable planting areas, effectively intercepting rainwater, mitigating runoff, accumulating moisture, and providing lateral support.

[0033] Isolation layer 4: Lay on the inner surface of the slope and transverse baffle 2, using biodegradable non-woven fabric with a thickness of 0.5mm-1.0mm. Its function is to prevent the loss of ecological substrate and to effectively isolate the substrate from the original slope, avoiding the impact of poor soil on vegetation growth.

[0034] Lightweight Netting 5: This netting is made from natural nettle fibers, with mesh sizes ranging from 50mm×50mm to 100mm×100mm and rope diameters from 8mm to 12mm. It is securely fixed to the slope and transverse retaining wall 2 using U-shaped anchors or biodegradable ropes. The U-shaped anchor legs are 15cm-20cm long and spaced 50cm-80cm apart. The netting is tough, lightweight, and environmentally friendly, providing a stable attachment medium for the ecological substrate layer and hydroseeding layer. Its rough surface also facilitates root attachment.

[0035] Ecological substrate layer 6: Filled within the cavity formed by the lightweight hanging net 5 and the isolation layer 4, with a filling thickness of 8-10cm. Its components, by volume percentage, include: 50%-70% crushed straw, 20%-30% soil, 5%-10% organic fertilizer, 1%-2% water-retaining agent, and 0.5%-1% microbial inoculant, wherein the length of the crushed straw is 2-5cm. This substrate uses agricultural waste straw as its main raw material, is lightweight, and, combined with water-retaining agent and microbial inoculant, provides the nutrients needed for plant growth while enhancing water retention capacity. After degradation, the straw can be converted into organic matter, achieving continuous nutrient supply.

[0036] Hydroseeding layer 7: Covering the outside of the lightweight netting 5, with a thickness of 1-3 cm, it is made of a mixture of plant seeds, adhesive, water-retaining agent and fertilizer. The plant seeds are a mixture of deep-rooted herbaceous plants and local shrub seeds, which can germinate quickly to form vegetation cover, and the deep-rooted plants can further enhance the stability of the slope.

[0037] Biodegradable covering netting 8: As an optional component, it covers the outside of the hydroseeding layer 7 and is fixed with U-shaped anchors, with a thickness of 0.3mm-0.5mm. It is used to retain moisture and protect against sun exposure after hydroseeding, reducing water evaporation and seed loss, and is removed after the vegetation coverage reaches more than 70%.

[0038] Example: Revegetation of a steep rocky slope along a highway

[0039] 1. Project Overview: The slope is a rock slope with a gradient of 75° and a height of 15m. Some areas of the slope surface are smooth and require ecological restoration and revegetation.

[0040] 2. Horizontal Baffle Installation: Anti-corrosion treated pine wood is selected as the baffle material, with a cross-sectional dimension of 5cm (height) × 10cm (width). Based on the slope gradient, the vertical spacing between adjacent baffles is determined to be 2.0 meters. Using 30cm long, 14mm diameter steel anchor rods, the baffles are firmly anchored to the slope. Two anchor rods are installed for each baffle, symmetrically arranged along the length of the baffle, with an anchoring depth of 25cm.

[0041] 3. Laying the isolation layer: Lay a layer of biodegradable non-woven fabric with a thickness of 0.8mm on the inner surface of the slope and the transverse baffle, ensuring complete coverage of the slope and the inner side of the baffle, with the edges flush with the upper and lower edges of the baffle, and no areas left out.

[0042] 4. Lightweight Netting Fixing: Lay netting with 80mm×80mm mesh size and 10mm rope diameter, covering the entire slope and the outer side of the transverse retaining wall. Use U-shaped anchors with 18cm leg length to firmly fix the netting to the slope and retaining wall, with anchor spacing of 60cm, ensuring that the netting is tightly attached to the slope and retaining wall without any looseness.

[0043] 5. Ecological substrate filling: The ecological substrate is prepared according to volume percentage, specifically: 60% crushed corn stalks (approximately 3cm in length), 27% local cultivated soil, 10% well-rotted organic fertilizer, 2% polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, and 1% rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria agent. After mechanically mixing all components evenly, the mixture is manually filled into the cavities formed by the nettle fiber web and non-woven fabric, with the filling thickness controlled at 9cm. After filling, it is slightly compacted to ensure there are no gaps.

[0044] 6. Hydroseeding Layer Construction: Prepare the hydroseeding slurry by mixing water, cellulose binder, compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent, and mixed seeds (30% Bermuda grass, 30% tall fescue, and 40% Amorpha fruticosa) in the specified proportions, stirring thoroughly to form a mud-like slurry. Use a hydraulic hydroseeder to evenly spray the slurry onto the outside of the netting, achieving a 2cm thickness to ensure complete coverage of the netting surface.

[0045] 7. Post-sowing maintenance: Immediately after hydroseeding, cover the slope with a 0.4mm thick biodegradable tarpaulin, securing it to the lightweight netting with U-shaped anchors. Water 2-3 times per week, depending on weather conditions, to retain moisture and prevent seed dehydration from direct sunlight. After 45 days of maintenance, when the slope vegetation coverage reaches over 80% and a stable grass-shrub community has formed, remove the tarpaulin. After 6 months of maintenance, the vegetation grows vigorously, slope stability is significantly improved, and the revegetation effect is long-lasting.

[0046] This invention constructs a lightweight, stable, and fertile plant growth system through the synergistic effect of a transverse baffle, netting, and straw-based ecological substrate. It effectively solves the technical challenges of revegetating steep slopes and provides an innovative and efficient structural solution for the rapid ecological restoration of steep slopes.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present utility model based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure, characterized in that, The structure includes multiple transverse baffles (2) that divide the slope (1) into independent planting areas. An isolation layer (4) is laid between the slope surface of the slope (1) and the transverse baffles (2). Lightweight hanging nets (5) are fixed on the transverse baffles (2) and the slope surface. An ecological substrate layer (6) is filled in the cavity formed by the lightweight hanging nets (5) and the isolation layer (4). A hydroseeding layer (7) is covered on the outside of the lightweight hanging nets (5).

2. The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transverse baffles (2) are set at intervals along the contour lines of the slope (1) and fixed to the slope (1) by anchor rods (3).

3. The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transverse baffle (2) is made of anti-corrosion wood, bamboo or biodegradable composite material, and has a rectangular or trapezoidal cross section. Each transverse baffle (2) is provided with at least two anchor rods (3), and the vertical distance between adjacent transverse baffles (2) is 1.5-3.0 meters.

4. The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation layer (4) is made of biodegradable nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 0.5mm-1.0mm. The isolation layer (4) completely covers the slope and the inner side of the transverse baffle (2). The edge of the isolation layer (4) is flush with the upper and lower edges of the transverse baffle. The outer side of the isolation layer (4) is in contact with the ecological substrate layer (6).

5. The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight hanging net (5) is made of nettle fiber woven from natural nettle fiber and is fixed to the slope and transverse baffle (2) by U-shaped anchors or biodegradable ropes.

6. The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lightweight hanging net (5) has a mesh size of 50mm×50mm to 100mm×100mm and a rope diameter of 8mm-12mm.

7. The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling thickness of the ecological substrate layer (6) is 8-10cm, and it is made of agricultural waste straw as the main raw material, combined with water-retaining agent and microbial agent.

8. The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the spraying layer (7) is 1-3 cm, and the spraying layer (7) is made of a mixture of plant seeds, adhesive, water-retaining agent and fertilizer.

9. A lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The plant seeds are a mixture of deep-rooted herbaceous plants and local shrub seeds.

10. The lightweight ecological substrate slope hydroseeding and revegetation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a biodegradable covering net (8), which covers the outside of the sprayed layer (7) and is fixed by U-shaped anchors, with a thickness of 0.3mm-0.5mm.

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