A fully mechanized intelligent square cylinder building warehouse

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of warehouse area granary planning construction, and specifically discloses a full-mechanized intelligent square cylindrical building warehouse, comprising multiple floors, each floor comprising multiple vertical square silos, a square silo on the top layer being provided with a warehouse entry device, an intermediate layer being provided between adjacent floors, a warehouse entry and exit dual-purpose device being installed in the intermediate layer, a warehouse exit lane being provided below the square silo on the bottom layer; the top of the square silo is further provided with a temperature and humidity meter, a temperature measuring cable being suspended inside the square silo, the temperature measuring cable being connected to the temperature and humidity meter, and an intelligent control cabinet being connected to the temperature and humidity meter to obtain environmental data in the grain storage space for monitoring. The utility model fully absorbs the design advantages of the flat warehouse, can well adapt to the classified storage requirements of different varieties and batches of goods, provides a basic condition for fine management, and simultaneously, integrates the characteristics of the building warehouse in saving land, and can realize greater storage capacity on limited land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of planning and construction of grain warehouses in storage areas, and in particular to a fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse. Background Technology

[0002] Southern rice exhibits distinct characteristics: a wide variety of varieties encompassing diverse traits; varying maturity periods, with different varieties maturing at different times; and typically harvested and stored in small batches. Based on these characteristics, strict requirements govern rice storage. Different varieties of rice must be stored separately to ensure their quality is not affected by mixing; different batches of rice must also not be mixed to facilitate subsequent management and quality traceability. Furthermore, to reduce rice breakage during storage and prevent grain from sticking to the walls and forming clumps, the grain loading height in the storage warehouse should not be too high. This ensures adequate ventilation and heat dissipation during storage and prevents quality changes caused by excessive pressure.

[0003] However, this storage method presents some practical difficulties. Each variety and batch of rice requires a separate storage room within the warehouse. Traditional warehouses are relatively large, resulting in rooms that are not fully filled when grain is received and cannot be completely emptied when grain is removed. This leads to a significant waste of storage space and makes it impossible to store bulk grain at full capacity, affecting storage efficiency and increasing grain preservation costs. Furthermore, neither traditional flat-roofed nor multi-story warehouses can achieve fully mechanized loading and unloading processes, especially after grain is removed, requiring manual cleaning, which results in low loading and unloading efficiency.

[0004] In view of this, this application proposes a fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse with multiple storage compartments and small storage capacity for grain storage. This square cylindrical warehouse can better adapt to the storage characteristics of rice in southern regions, improve storage capacity utilization, and reduce waste. Utility Model Content

[0005] In response to the problems of traditional warehouses having relatively large storage rooms, wasted storage space, easy grain accumulation due to frame columns, inconvenient operation, and inability to achieve full mechanization of grain loading and unloading (traditional multi-story warehouses), which affect the efficiency of grain loading and unloading operations and increase grain storage costs, this utility model provides a multi-room, small-capacity, fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical multi-story warehouse for grain storage.

[0006] The solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: a fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse, including multiple floors, each floor including multiple adjacent vertical square silos, the top square silos are equipped with entry equipment, an intermediate layer is set between adjacent floors, the intermediate layer is equipped with entry and exit equipment, and the bottom square silos are equipped with a warehouse access road. The square silos are used for grain storage. Symmetrical slopes for grain discharge are set at the bottom of the grain storage space. A grain discharge cone is set below the square silos, and the inner conical surface of the grain discharge cone is connected to the bottom edge of the inclined surface of the grain discharge slope. A grain discharge valve is installed below the grain discharge cone. A thermometer and hygrometer are also installed on the top of each individual square silo. A temperature measuring cable is suspended inside the square silo and connected to the thermometer and hygrometer. At the same time, an intelligent control cabinet is also installed on each square silo. The intelligent control cabinet is connected to the thermometer and hygrometer to obtain environmental data in the grain storage space for monitoring.

[0007] Preferably, the silo feeding equipment is a conveyor. Each square silo has a grain inlet at the top and a grain inlet valve installed on the grain inlet. A conveyor is installed above each row of grain inlets. The grain inlets are connected to the conveyor through an automatic gate. The inlet of the conveyor receives the grain and opens the grain inlet valve of the corresponding square silo to transport the grain into the grain storage space of the square silo. The dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment also uses a conveyor. Automatic gates are installed above and below the chute of the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment. The upper automatic gate is connected to the grain discharge cone of the upper square silo, and the lower automatic gate is connected to the grain inlet of the lower square silo. When discharging grain, the grain inlet of the lower square silo is closed, and the grain discharge valve of the corresponding upper square silo is opened. Grain flows into the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment through the automatic gate. The grain discharge port at the end of the conveyor is opened, and the grain is discharged from the discharge port at the end of the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment, entering the lower buffer silo and the side wall dispensing device for dispensing. When feeding grain, the grain inlet valve of the grain inlet at the top of the corresponding lower square silo of the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment is opened, and the grain is transported into the corresponding square silo through the automatic gate.

[0008] Preferably, the conveyor is one or more of a scraper conveyor, a tubular chain conveyor, or a multi-point unloading belt conveyor.

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent control cabinet is a PLC control cabinet, and the automatic grain discharge gate and automatic grain inlet gate are electric or pneumatic flat valves. The valves are electrically connected to the PLC control cabinet, and the automatic valves are remotely controlled by the PLC control cabinet.

[0010] Preferably, one or more grain inlets are set at the top of the silo, one or more grain outlet cones are installed at the bottom, and multiple temperature measuring cables are suspended inside the silo to improve the speed of grain entry and exit and to comprehensively monitor the temperature and humidity of the grain in the storage space.

[0011] Preferably, the grain depot area is equipped with an intelligent control center, and the intelligent control cabinet is communicatively connected to the intelligent control center.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical multi-story warehouse provided by this utility model fully overcomes the drawbacks of traditional flat warehouses with large storage compartments. Adopting a small storage compartment design, it can well adapt to the classification and storage needs of different varieties and batches of goods, providing a foundation for refined management. At the same time, it incorporates the land-saving characteristics of multi-story warehouses, achieving greater storage capacity on limited land, while solving the problem of grain accumulation due to columns in multi-story warehouses, thus facilitating operations. Furthermore, it draws on the compact space advantage of vertical silos, enabling efficient use of storage space and reducing unnecessary space waste.

[0013] This fully mechanized, intelligent, rectangular cylindrical warehouse boasts a unique design. It not only features precise sorting capabilities within individual cubicles but also enhances storage space and land utilization by increasing the number of floors. Its small footprint also allows for greater flexibility in site selection and construction.

[0014] From the perspective of process entry and exit from the warehouse, the entry and exit flow has been planned and simulated in detail. Considering the characteristics of different goods and transportation methods, a reasonable entry and exit channel and equipment layout have been designed to ensure that bulk materials can enter and exit the warehouse smoothly and efficiently. By optimizing the location and quantity of grain inlets, the amount of bulk materials stored at lower levels is reduced, while also reducing losses and time costs during the entry and exit process. Regarding the storage environment, to address the strict requirements of grain storage for temperature, humidity, and ventilation, intelligent temperature control and ventilation equipment can be installed. This equipment can automatically sense the temperature and humidity in different storage rooms, achieving automatic cooling and ventilation in individual storage rooms and promptly notifying management personnel. From the perspective of grain storage usage, the warehouse walls are smooth and flat, and there are no columns inside, preventing grain accumulation and facilitating operation. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front plan view of a fully mechanized, intelligent, square cylindrical warehouse.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a side plan view of a fully mechanized, intelligent, square cylindrical warehouse.

[0017] Numbering in the diagram: Upper silo 1, Lower silo 2, Middle layer 3, Under-silo driveway 4, Intelligent control cabinet 5, Inlet equipment 6, Grain outlet ramp 11, Grain outlet cone 12, Temperature measuring cable 13, Inlet / outlet dual-purpose equipment 31. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be described in detail below.

[0019] Example: In response to the core needs of southern rice in terms of "multiple varieties, mixed batches, and small-batch storage", as well as the technical pain points of traditional warehouse types (large single-story warehouses leading to wasted storage space, vertical silos unable to be used for separate storage, and ordinary multi-story warehouses with low levels of full mechanization), this utility model provides a land-based, highly adaptable, fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical multi-story warehouse implementation plan.

[0020] This embodiment takes a two-story main body as an example to describe in detail the relevant structure and functions of the fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse.

[0021] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the fully mechanized intelligent square silo building warehouse in this embodiment adopts a two-layer structure, including six core modules: the main floor, the top-level warehouse entry system, the middle-level three-entry and exit system, the bottom-level support system, the internal structure of the square silo, and the intelligent monitoring system.

[0022] The main grain storage section has two floors, each floor is divided into two rows along its length (24m), and each row has five vertical square silos (single silo dimensions: length 12m × width 12m × height 18.5m, effective grain storage volume 1818m³). Each floor has 10 independent grain storage units, and the entire warehouse has 20 grain storage units, which can realize the individual storage of 20 varieties / batch of rice. The arrangement and combination of the independent grain storage units on each floor can also be adjusted according to specific usage.

[0023] The silos are constructed of reinforced concrete, and the inner walls can be coated with food-grade epoxy resin or fitted with wear-resistant lining plates to prevent rice from rubbing against the walls and causing it to stick, thus affecting grain discharge efficiency and preventing rust from contaminating the grain. Each silo has an equipment compartment at the top for easy equipment installation and maintenance; a grain inspection room is located at the top of the silo wall, allowing direct access to check the grain level inside.

[0024] Each silo contains a separate grain storage space, with 2 x 4 45° inclined surfaces 11 at the bottom (welded with stainless steel plates, surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm). The bottom edge of the inclined surface is seamlessly connected to the inner conical surface of the grain discharge cone 12 (the weld joint uses an arc transition to avoid grain accumulation). The grain discharge cone 12 is an inverted square pyramid structure (upper opening size 4m×4m, lower opening diameter 200mm, height 1.5m), made of 304 stainless steel, with a cone wall thickness of 5mm to ensure load-bearing strength (no deformation under full grain pressure).

[0025] An automatic gate is installed at the lower opening of the grain discharge cone 12. The gate is electrically connected to the PLC control cabinet and can be controlled by a local button or remote command to achieve precise control of the grain discharge.

[0026] The top of the upper silo 1 is equipped with a feeding device 6, which is a conveyor, such as a scraper conveyor, a tubular chain conveyor, or a multi-point unloading belt conveyor. Each row of silos has one or more grain inlets symmetrically arranged on the top, and each grain inlet is equipped with an automatic gate (electric gate or pneumatic gate) as a grain inlet valve.

[0027] After being weighed on a weighbridge, the incoming grain is conveyed via an elevator to the feed inlet of the top-level scraper conveyor (or tubular chain conveyor, multi-point unloading belt conveyor, etc.). A bulk grain scale is installed on the working tower to dynamically measure the incoming grain in real time. Operators issue commands through the warehouse control center to open the automatic grain inlet gate of the target silo (multiple grain inlets ensure even distribution of grain into the storage space, preventing grain grading and increasing the loading coefficient while reducing the amount of grain leveled). The scraper conveyor (or tubular chain conveyor, multi-point unloading belt conveyor, etc.) is then started, and the grain is conveyed to the corresponding location. The grain is automatically switched through the gate and finally falls into the storage space. When the grain level in the silo reaches the loading line (1m from the top of the silo, monitored in real time by the grain level sensor), the control center automatically stops the conveying device and closes the automatic grain inlet gate. After the grain is fed, the automatic grain inlet gate is opened and closed again once every 5 minutes (the vibration of the automatic gate opening and closing causes the remaining grain in the pipeline to fall into the silo). Then, a person wearing an endoscope checks the grain inlet pipeline and uses compressed air to blow away any remaining small amount of grain (≤50g) to avoid cross-contamination between different types of grain.

[0028] An intermediate layer 3 is provided between the upper silo 1 and the lower silo 2. The intermediate layer 3 is used to install a dual-purpose inlet and outlet device 31 that connects the upper and lower silos. The dual-purpose inlet and outlet device 31 installed in the intermediate layer 3 adopts the same model of scraper conveyor (or tubular chain conveyor, multi-point unloading belt conveyor, etc.) as the top layer (dual-purpose design). The conveying equipment is connected to the upper and lower silos through chutes respectively. The lower side is connected to the grain inlet of the lower silo 2 through a chute. The end of the scraper conveyor (or tubular chain conveyor, multi-point unloading belt conveyor, etc.) is opened to set the grain outlet, which enters the lower buffer silo and the side wall dispensing device for dispensing.

[0029] The grain discharge process of the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment 31 is as follows: When the operator issues the "upper layer grain discharge" command, the control center automatically closes all the automatic inlet gates of the lower silo 2 to prevent grain from accidentally falling into the lower layer; the automatic gate of the upper target silo is opened, and the grain slides into the discharge cone 12 along the grain drop slope under the action of gravity, and flows into the conveying equipment of the middle layer 3 through the upper automatic gate; the conveying equipment is started, and the grain is transported to the end discharge port. The automatic gate is opened, and the grain falls into the grain car of the lower lane 4 through the chute and dust suppression hopper; when the grain level in the upper silo 1 drops to 0.5m (the grain level sensor triggers a low material level alarm), the automatic discharge gate is closed after a delay, the conveying equipment is stopped, and the grain discharge is completed.

[0030] The grain feeding process of the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment 31: The operator issues the "lower layer grain feeding" command, and the control center automatically closes the automatic grain discharge gate at the end of the intermediate layer 3 conveying device; the two automatic grain feeding gates of the lower target silo are opened, and the conveying equipment is started; the external grain is conveyed to the feed inlet of the intermediate layer 3 conveying equipment by the elevator, and the grain flows into the grain inlet of the lower silo 2 through the lower automatic gate and chute, and finally falls into the grain storage space; after the grain level reaches the grain loading line, the conveying equipment is stopped, the automatic grain feeding gates are closed, and the equipment and pipeline residues are handled according to the residue cleaning process of the top layer grain feeding.

[0031] Below the lower silo 2, a pre-reserved underpass lane 4 is provided. The underpass lane 4 is made of poured concrete with anti-slip textured surface. Grain receiving platforms are provided on both sides of the lane corresponding to the positions of the grain discharge cones 12 of the lower silo 2. Grain discharge from the lower silo 2 is directly achieved through the grain discharge cones 12 and automatic gates: after opening the automatic gates, the grain falls directly into the grain cars in the lane via chutes and dust suppression hoppers, eliminating the need for additional conveying equipment, simplifying the process and reducing energy consumption.

[0032] Each square silo is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor (model: SHT35, measurement range -20~85℃, 0~100%RH, accuracy ±0.5℃, ±3%RH, protection requirement: IP67) installed on the top inner wall to collect the temperature and humidity of the silo environment in real time.

[0033] Two temperature measuring cables (model: DS18B20, 18m long per cable, with one temperature measuring point every 1m, for a total of 18 temperature measuring points / cables) are suspended in each silo. The top of the cable is connected in series with a thermometer and hygrometer, covering the upper, middle and lower layers of the grain storage space to accurately monitor the internal temperature of the grain pile.

[0034] Each silo is equipped with a smart control cabinet on top, typically using a PLC control cabinet (core controller: Siemens S7-1200CPU1214C, with a 7-inch touch screen, which can display temperature and humidity data and valve status locally). The control cabinet is electrically connected to the thermometer and hygrometer, automatic valves (grain inlet and outlet), and conveyor motors to achieve equipment linkage control.

[0035] The intelligent control center of the storage area adopts an industrial computer (configured with an i7 processor and 16GB of memory), installs configuration software (WinCC), and communicates with 10 PLC control cabinets via Ethernet. It can display the temperature and humidity curves of all silos and the operating status of equipment in real time, support remote control of valve opening and closing, and start and stop of conveying equipment, and can set temperature and humidity thresholds. When the limits are exceeded, an automatic alarm will be triggered (audio and visual alarm + SMS notification to management personnel).

[0036] When the internal temperature of a grain pile in a silo reaches a certain set stable temperature, the temperature measuring point of temperature measuring cable 13 triggers a high-temperature alarm, and the PLC control cabinet uploads the data to the control center. 1. The control center automatically pops up a message saying "Grain temperature in silo No. 3 on the second floor exceeds the standard" and sends a text message to the manager's mobile phone; 2. The management personnel can remotely turn on the ventilation equipment of the silo through the control center (in this embodiment, ventilation openings are reserved on the side wall of the silo and linked with the PLC), and at the same time turn off the ventilation equipment of the adjacent silos to avoid cross-influence; 3. When the grain temperature drops to a suitable level, the control center automatically shuts off the ventilation equipment and the alarm is deactivated. The entire process requires no manual on-site operation, and the response time is ≤1 minute.

[0037] The fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse provided in this embodiment adopts multiple independent grain storage units to meet the storage needs of "multiple varieties and small batches" of rice in the south, solving the problem of "quality decline caused by mixed storage" in traditional warehouses; the multi-layer silo structure design saves 64% of land compared with a single-story warehouse of the same grain storage volume (occupying an area of ​​about 2300㎡); the top layer grain inlet, the middle layer three-inlet and three-outlet grain outlet, and the bottom layer grain outlet are all fully mechanized, with a single warehouse grain inlet time of ≤3 hours and a grain outlet time of ≤2 hours, which is 4 times more efficient than manual assisted grain inlet; the dual grain inlet and buffer chute design ensures that the grain breakage rate upon entering the warehouse is ≤0.5%, and the pipeline residue cleaning process ensures that the grain residue is ≤50g / warehouse, which reduces the loss by 60% compared with traditional warehouses; real-time temperature and humidity monitoring, remote control, and automatic alarm reduce labor costs by 50% and extend the grain storage safety period by 3 months (in the high temperature and high humidity environment of the south).

[0038] The core parameters of this embodiment (number of floors, number of silos, equipment model) can be adjusted according to actual needs: the silo combination can be expanded to 2XN (the conveying height and motor power of the auger conveyor need to be matched); the volume of a single silo can be adjusted to 1000~2000m³ (to adapt to different batch storage needs); the intelligent function can add grain pile pest monitoring sensors and carbon dioxide concentration sensors to realize multi-parameter linkage control of "temperature, humidity, pests, and gas", further improving the safety of grain preservation.

[0039] In summary, this embodiment effectively solves the core pain points of rice storage in southern China through a combination of "structural innovation, equipment integration, and intelligent control." It has high practicality, scalability, and creativity, and can be widely applied to grain reserves, grain and oil processing enterprises, and other scenarios in the main rice-producing areas of southern China.

Claims

1. A fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse, characterized in that, It includes multiple floors, each floor includes multiple adjacent vertical square silos, the top square silos are equipped with silo entry equipment (6), there is an intermediate layer (3) between adjacent floors, the intermediate layer (3) is equipped with silo entry and exit equipment (31), and the bottom square silos are equipped with silo exit lanes (4). The square silo is a grain storage space. The bottom of the grain storage space is symmetrically provided with a grain discharge slope (11). A grain discharge cone (12) is provided below the square silo. The inner cone surface of the grain discharge cone (12) is connected to the bottom edge of the grain discharge slope (11). A grain discharge valve is installed below the grain discharge cone. A thermometer and humidifier are also provided on the top of each individual square silo. A temperature measuring cable (13) is suspended inside the square silo. The temperature measuring cable (13) is connected to the thermometer and humidifier. At the same time, an intelligent control cabinet (5) is also installed on each square silo. The intelligent control cabinet (5) is connected to the thermometer and humidifier to obtain environmental data in the grain storage space for monitoring.

2. The fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silo entry equipment (6) uses a conveyor. Each square silo has a grain inlet at the top and a grain inlet valve installed on the grain inlet. A conveyor is installed above each row of grain inlets. The grain inlets are connected to the conveyor through an automatic gate. The inlet of the conveyor receives the grain and opens the grain inlet valve of the corresponding square silo to transport the grain into the storage space of the square silo. The dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment (31) also uses a conveyor. Corresponding automatic gates are installed on the upper and lower parts of the chute of the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment (31). The upper automatic gate is connected to the grain discharge cone (12) of the upper square silo, and the lower automatic gate is connected to the grain inlet of the lower square silo. When discharging grain, the grain inlet of the lower square silo is closed and the grain discharge valve of the corresponding upper square silo is opened. The grain flows into the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment (31) through the automatic gate. The grain discharge port at the end of the conveying device is opened and the grain is discharged from the grain discharge port at the end of the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment (31) and enters the lower buffer silo and the side wall dispensing device for dispensing. When feeding grain, the grain inlet valve of the grain inlet at the top of the corresponding lower square silo of the dual-purpose inlet and outlet equipment (31) is opened and the grain is transported to the corresponding square silo through the automatic gate.

3. The fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conveyor is one or more of a scraper conveyor, a tubular chain conveyor, or a multi-point unloading belt conveyor.

4. The fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control cabinet (5) adopts a PLC control cabinet. The automatic gate for grain discharge and the automatic gate for grain inlet adopt electric or pneumatic flat valves. The valves are electrically connected to the PLC control cabinet, and the automatic valves are remotely controlled by the PLC control cabinet.

5. The fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, One or more grain inlets are set at the top of the silo, and one or more grain outlet cones (12) are installed at the bottom. Multiple temperature measuring cables (13) are suspended inside the silo to improve the speed of grain entry and exit and to comprehensively monitor the temperature and humidity of grain in the storage space.

6. The fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grain depot area where the fully mechanized intelligent square cylindrical warehouse is located is equipped with an intelligent control center for the warehouse area, and the intelligent control cabinet (5) is connected to the intelligent control center for the warehouse area.

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