A self-locking bolt and nut assembly

Abstract

The utility model discloses a self -locking bolt and nut subassembly relates to bolt and nut technical field, including bolt and the nut of bolt thread connection, the screw rod of bolt is opened with the guide groove of axial, be equipped with the lantern ring on the bolt, the inner wall fixed connection of lantern ring has the guide block, the guide block is inducted into the guide groove and can slide along the guide groove, the lantern ring can only axial movement relative to bolt and can not rotate. The utility model solves the problem that the nut loosens automatically under the vibration, impact environment through the mechanical interference of lock tongue and one way lock tooth, and the reliability is far higher than the traditional anti -loose mode of relying on friction force, and simultaneously through the built -in locking device, can be when the overhaul is needed fast to remove the self -locking state, need not to destroy the subassembly, realized the unity of anti -loose and convenient disassembly, in addition self -locking function is mainly integrated on the nut and additional lantern ring, and the overall structure is compact, need not additional huge installation space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of bolt and nut technology, and in particular to a self-locking bolt and nut assembly. Background Technology

[0002] Bolt and nut connections, as one of the most basic and widely used mechanical fasteners, are extensively applied in critical fields such as aerospace, bridge construction, and heavy machinery. The reliability of these connections directly affects the safety of the entire structure or equipment. However, under conditions of long-term vibration, impact, or periodic load changes, traditional bolt and nut connections are prone to loosening or even detachment due to thread clearance, potentially leading to safety accidents.

[0003] To prevent bolts and nuts from loosening, spring washers, double nuts, etc., are commonly used. These methods mainly rely on increasing the friction between the threaded parts to prevent loosening. However, under strong vibration environments, the friction will decrease, resulting in limited and unreliable anti-loosening effects. In view of this, this utility model proposes a self-locking bolt and nut assembly. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-locking bolt and nut assembly to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that existing methods, such as using spring washers or double nuts, often result in a trade-off between preventing loosening and unlocking.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a self-locking bolt and nut assembly, comprising a bolt and a nut threadedly connected to the bolt, wherein the bolt has an axial guide groove; a collar is fitted onto the bolt, and a guide block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the collar, the guide block extending into the guide groove and sliding along the guide groove, the collar being able to move axially relative to the bolt but not rotate; the collar and the nut are rotatably connected, and the top surface of the collar is provided with a one-way locking tooth; a locking tongue is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the nut, when the nut rotates in the tightening direction, the locking tongue can slide past the one-way locking tooth, and when the nut rotates in the loosening direction, the locking tongue is blocked by the one-way locking tooth; the nut is also provided with a locking device, the locking device being used to separate the locking tongue from the one-way locking tooth.

[0006] Preferably, the one-way locking tooth includes an inclined surface on the top surface of the collar and a stop surface between any two adjacent inclined surfaces. When the nut is rotated in the tightening direction, the locking tongue slides along the inclined surface. When it is rotated in the loosening direction, the locking tongue is blocked by the stop surface.

[0007] Preferably, the locking device includes a pull rod that passes through the nut, a stop block fixedly connected to the bottom end of the pull rod, a sliding groove on the latch, the stop block located below the latch, the width of the sliding groove being greater than the diameter of the pull rod, and an adjustment device at the top end of the pull rod for adjusting the pull rod and the stop block to move upward, thereby achieving the blocking and separation of the latch and the one-way locking teeth.

[0008] Preferably, the adjusting device includes a pull plate fixed to the top of the pull rod, and the top surface of the nut has a slot one and a slot two. The depth of slot one is greater than the depth of slot two. The pull plate can be selectively inserted into slot one or slot two to fix the pull rod at different height positions, so as to realize the engagement or disengagement of the locking tongue and the one-way locking teeth.

[0009] Preferably, a support column is fixedly connected to the top of the collar, and a locking block is fixedly connected to the top of the support column; the bottom surface of the nut has a coaxial and vertically arranged annular groove 1 and annular groove 2, the annular groove 2 being located above the annular groove 1 and having a width greater than the width of the annular groove 1; the locking block is embedded in the annular groove 2, and the support column passes through the annular groove 1, so that the collar and the nut are relatively fixed in the axial direction and can rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction.

[0010] Preferably, the locking tongue is a shape memory alloy component.

[0011] The technical effects and advantages of this utility model are as follows: This utility model fundamentally solves the problem of nuts loosening on their own under vibration and impact environments through the mechanical interference of the locking tongue and the one-way locking teeth. Its reliability is far higher than that of traditional anti-loosening methods that rely on friction. At the same time, through the built-in locking device, the self-locking state can be quickly released when maintenance is required without damaging the components, thus achieving a unity of anti-loosening and convenient disassembly. In addition, the self-locking function is mainly integrated into the nut and the additional collar, and the overall structure is compact, requiring no additional large installation space. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bolt structure of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the nut structure of this utility model. Figure 1 .

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the nut structure of this utility model. Figure 2 .

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the collar structure of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the locking device structure of this utility model.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Bolt; 11. Guide groove; 2. Nut; 21. Slot 1; 22. Slot 2; 24. Locking tongue; 25. Slide groove; 26. Ring groove 1; 27. Ring groove 2; 3. Collar; 31. One-way locking tooth; 32. Support column; 33. Locking block; 34. Guide block; 4. Locking device; 41. Pull rod; 42. Pull plate; 43. Stop block. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] This utility model provides, for example Figure 1-6 The self-locking bolt and nut assembly shown includes a bolt 1 and a nut 2 threadedly connected to the bolt 1. The bolt 1 has an axial guide groove 11. A collar 3 is fitted onto the bolt 1, and a guide block 34 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the collar 3. The guide block 34 extends into the guide groove 11 and can slide along the guide groove 11. The collar 3 can only move axially relative to the bolt 1 and cannot rotate. The collar 3 is rotatably connected to the nut 2, and the top surface of the collar 3 has a one-way locking tooth 31. A locking tongue 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the nut 2. When the nut 2 rotates in the tightening direction, the locking tongue 24 can slide past the one-way locking tooth 31. When the nut 2 rotates in the loosening direction, the locking tongue 24 is blocked by the one-way locking tooth 31. The nut 2 is also provided with a locking device 4, which is used to separate the locking tongue 24 from the one-way locking tooth 31.

[0021] During assembly, first, slip the collar 3 onto the bolt 1, allowing the guide block 34 on its inner wall to engage with the axial guide groove 11 on the bolt. This assembly ensures that the collar 3 can only slide along the axial direction of the bolt 1 and cannot rotate. Then, screw the nut 2 onto the bolt 1. The locking tongue 24, fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the nut 2, engages with the one-way locking tooth 31 on the top surface of the collar 3. When tightening the nut 2, rotate it clockwise; the locking tongue 24 will slide along the inclined surface of the one-way locking tooth 31, producing a "click" sound, and the nut 2 will be tightened smoothly. When vibration attempts to loosen the nut 2 counterclockwise, the locking tongue 24 will immediately lock against the vertical surface of the one-way locking tooth 31, preventing the nut 2 from rotating. When disassembly is required, operate the locking device 4 to pull the locking tongue 24 upwards, disengaging it from the one-way locking tooth 31, allowing the nut 2 to be loosened without obstruction.

[0022] The mechanical interference between the locking tongue 24 and the one-way locking tooth 31 fundamentally solves the problem of the nut 2 loosening on its own under vibration and impact. Its reliability is far higher than that of the traditional anti-loosening method that relies on friction. At the same time, the self-locking function is mainly integrated into the bolt 1, the nut 2 and the additional collar 3. The overall structure is compact and does not require additional huge installation space.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the one-way locking tooth 31 includes an inclined surface opened on the top surface of the collar 3 and a stop surface set between any two adjacent inclined surfaces. When the nut 2 rotates in the tightening direction, the locking tongue 24 slides along the inclined surface. When it rotates in the loosening direction, the locking tongue 24 is blocked by the stop surface.

[0024] The one-way locking tooth 31 can be designed as a sawtooth or ratchet. The side of it near the tightening direction is a smooth bevel, which makes it easy for the locking tongue 24 to slide over. The side of it near the loosening direction is a steep stop surface that is basically perpendicular to the rotation direction. The stop surface provides strong mechanical resistance. The clear division of labor between the bevel and the stop surface ensures that the nut 2 is tightened smoothly and without obstruction, and is instantly and firmly locked when loosening. The action is clear and reliable.

[0025] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the locking device 4 includes a pull rod 41 that passes through the nut 2. A stop block 43 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the pull rod 41. A groove 25 is provided on the locking tongue 24. The stop block 43 is located below the locking tongue 24. The width of the groove 25 is greater than the diameter of the pull rod 41. An adjustment device is provided at the top of the pull rod 41. The adjustment device is used to adjust the pull rod 41 and the stop block 43 to move upward, so as to realize the blocking and separation of the locking tongue 24 and the one-way locking tooth 31.

[0026] The locking device 4 has a pull rod 41 that extends from the top to the bottom of the nut 2. A long, narrow groove 25 is formed on the latch 24, through which the pull rod 41 passes. A stop block 43 with a diameter larger than the width of the groove 25 is welded to or threaded onto the bottom end of the pull rod 41. Under normal conditions, the pull rod 41 is in the lowered position, and the stop block 43 does not contact the latch 24, allowing the latch 24 to rotate freely with the nut 2 and engage with the locking teeth. When unlocking is required, the pull rod 41 is lifted upwards, causing the stop block 43 to rise and contact the bottom surface of the latch 24. Continuing to lift the entire latch 24, disengaging it from the locking teeth, ensures complete separation of the latch 24 from the locking teeth through direct lifting, preventing wear or unlocking failure due to incomplete separation. The entire locking mechanism consists of a simple rod, block, and groove, making manufacturing simple and cost-effective.

[0027] like Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the adjustment device includes a pull plate 42 fixed to the top of the pull rod 41. The top surface of the nut 2 has a slot 1 21 and a slot 22. The depth of slot 1 21 is greater than the depth of slot 22. The pull plate 42 can be selectively inserted into slot 1 21 or slot 22 to fix the pull rod 41 at different height positions, so as to realize the engagement or disengagement of the locking tongue 24 and the one-way locking tooth 31.

[0028] A deep slot 21 and a shallow slot 22 are machined on the top of the nut 2. The pull plate 42, which is fixed to the top of the pull rod 41, can serve as a movable insert. When the pull plate 42 is engaged in slot 21, the pull rod 41 is in the lower limit position, and the locking device 4 is not working. When unlocking is required, the pull plate 42 is inserted into slot 22. At this time, the pull rod 41 is lifted as a whole and locked in this position. The stop 43 continuously presses against the locking tongue 24, keeping it in the disengaged state, which facilitates long-term continuous disassembly operations.

[0029] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, a support column 32 is fixedly connected to the top of the collar 3, and a locking block 33 is fixedly connected to the top of the support column 32; the bottom surface of the nut 2 has a coaxial and vertically arranged annular groove 26 and annular groove 27, with annular groove 27 located above annular groove 26 and its width being greater than that of annular groove 26; the locking block 33 is embedded in annular groove 27, and the support column 32 passes through annular groove 26, so that the collar 3 and the nut 2 are relatively fixed in the axial direction and can rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction;

[0030] The collar 3 is assembled with the annular groove 26 and annular groove 27 on the bottom surface of the nut 2 via the support column 32 and the locking block 33. During installation, the locking block 33 is inserted from the side into the wider annular groove 27, and then slightly rotated to allow the support column 32 to slide into the narrower annular groove 26. At this time, the locking block 33 is confined within the cavity of the annular groove 27, thereby connecting the collar 3 and the nut 2 axially, while allowing relative rotation between them. This ensures that when the nut 2 rotates, the collar 3 remains stationary and only floats axially, providing a stable working foundation for the one-way locking tooth 31 mechanism.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the locking tongue 24 is a shape memory alloy component. The shape memory alloy can be nickel-titanium alloy, which has fatigue recovery characteristics and can maintain elastic preload even after being used more than 500 times.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A self-locking bolt and nut assembly, comprising a bolt (1) and a nut (2) threadedly connected to the bolt (1), characterized in that: The bolt (1) has an axial guide groove (11); a collar (3) is fitted on the bolt (1), and a guide block (34) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the collar (3). The guide block (34) extends into the guide groove (11) and can slide along the guide groove (11). The collar (3) can only move axially relative to the bolt (1) and cannot rotate. The collar (3) is rotatably connected to the nut (2), and the top surface of the collar (3) is provided with a one-way locking tooth (31). The bottom surface of the nut (2) is fixedly connected with a locking tongue (24). When the nut (2) rotates in the tightening direction, the locking tongue (24) can slide past the one-way locking tooth (31). When the nut (2) rotates in the loosening direction, the locking tongue (24) is blocked by the one-way locking tooth (31). The nut (2) is also provided with a locking device (4), which is used to separate the locking tongue (24) from the one-way locking tooth (31).

2. The self-locking bolt and nut assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way locking tooth (31) includes an inclined surface opened on the top surface of the collar (3) and a stop surface set between any two adjacent inclined surfaces. When the nut (2) rotates in the tightening direction, the locking tongue (24) slides along the inclined surface. When it rotates in the loosening direction, the locking tongue (24) is blocked by the stop surface.

3. A self-locking bolt and nut assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking device (4) includes a pull rod (41) that passes through the nut (2). A stop block (43) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the pull rod (41). A groove (25) is provided on the latch (24). The stop block (43) is located below the latch (24). The width of the groove (25) is greater than the diameter of the pull rod (41). An adjustment device is provided at the top of the pull rod (41). The adjustment device is used to adjust the pull rod (41) and the stop block (43) to move upward, so as to realize the blocking and separation of the latch (24) and the one-way locking tooth (31).

4. A self-locking bolt and nut assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjusting device includes a pull plate (42) fixed to the top of the pull rod (41). The top surface of the nut (2) is provided with a slot one (21) and a slot two (22). The depth of the slot one (21) is greater than the depth of the slot two (22). The pull plate (42) can be selectively inserted into the slot one (21) or the slot two (22) to fix the pull rod (41) at different heights, so as to realize the engagement or disengagement of the locking tongue (24) and the one-way locking tooth (31).

5. A self-locking bolt and nut assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the collar (3) is fixedly connected to a support column (32), and the top of the support column (32) is fixedly connected to a locking block (33); the bottom surface of the nut (2) is provided with a coaxial and vertically arranged annular groove 1 (26) and annular groove 2 (27), the annular groove 2 (27) is located above the annular groove 1 (26) and its width is greater than the width of the annular groove 1 (26); the locking block (33) is embedded in the annular groove 2 (27), and the support column (32) passes through the annular groove 1 (26), so that the collar (3) and the nut (2) are relatively fixed in the axial direction and can rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction.

6. A self-locking bolt and nut assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking tongue (24) is a shape memory alloy component.

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