A structural member for a lamp holder

CN224801537UActive Publication Date: 2026-09-25林贞珍
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202522577479.1
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-12-04
Publication Date
2026-09-25
Estimated Expiration
2035-12-04

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

由于盲孔不具备导线冗余长度的避让空间,接线操作前需预先将导线的金属芯线裁剪至与盲孔深度适配的规格;若芯线长度过长,插入后易在盲孔内弯折堆积,导致导线无法完全就位或接线端子接触不良;若芯线长度过短,则容易出现芯线与导电部件未充分接触的情况,引发通电不稳定甚至断路风险

Benefits of technology

[0014]本实用新型提供的一种灯头灯座的结构件,其优点在于:本实用新型通过第四通槽与第一开口槽构成的贯通式接线通道设计,摒弃传统盲孔结构的封闭限制,允许导线金属芯线保留一定冗余长度插入紧固套,无需预先测量裁剪,大幅简化接线操作流程,提升安装效率;同时,通过拧动螺丝带动紧固套,配合固定的导电片实现拉压式接线,保障接线部位结构稳固,兼具操作便捷性与使用安全性,显著优化用户安装体验。

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a structure spare of lamp holder, including first mounting seat, two second mounting seats are fixedly connected with on the first mounting seat upper surface, the sliding connection of two second mounting seats all has fastening sleeve, all screw connections have screw on two fastening sleeves, all set up third through slot on two fastening sleeves, all set up second open slot at the position of corresponding third through slot on two second mounting seats, the utility model discloses the through -type wiring channel design of fourth through slot and first open slot constitution, abandon the closed restriction of traditional blind hole structure, allow the wire metal core line to keep certain redundancy length and insert fastening sleeve, do not need to measure cutting in advance, and the operation process of wiring is greatly simplified, and the installation efficiency is promoted, simultaneously, through the screwing screw drive fastening sleeve, cooperate fixed conductive sheet and realize the pull -pressure type wiring, guarantee the structure stable of wiring part, have the operation convenience and use security, and the user installation experience is optimized significantly.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lighting technology, and in particular to a structural component for a lamp holder. Background Technology

[0002] As the core structural component in lighting equipment that enables power transmission and bulb fixation, the performance of lamp holders directly affects the safety, stability, and ease of use of the lighting system. In existing lamp holders, the wiring holes mostly adopt a blind hole design, with a closed internal space and fixed depth. Because blind holes lack space for redundant wire length, the metal core of the wire must be pre-cut to a specification suitable for the depth of the blind hole before wiring. If the core length is too long, it is prone to bending and piling up inside the blind hole after insertion, resulting in incomplete wire placement or poor contact at the terminals. If the core length is too short, insufficient contact between the core and conductive components can easily occur, leading to unstable power supply or even the risk of open circuit. Therefore, actual wiring is cumbersome and has a low tolerance for error, not only reducing installation efficiency but also increasing the potential for malfunctions due to improper length matching. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a structural component for a lamp holder to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a structural component for a lamp holder, including a first mounting base, two second mounting bases fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first mounting base, a fastening sleeve slidably connected to each of the two second mounting bases, a screw threadedly connected to each of the two fastening sleeves, a third through groove on each of the two fastening sleeves, and a second opening groove on each of the two second mounting bases corresponding to the third through groove, a first conductive piece disposed in one of the second opening grooves, and a second conductive piece disposed in the other second opening groove, one end of the first conductive piece and the second conductive piece respectively disposed in the two fastening sleeves, and the other end of the first conductive piece and the second conductive piece disposed in the first mounting base, a third mounting base snapped onto the first mounting base, and the second mounting base sleeved within the third mounting base, with a screw hinged to the third mounting base.

[0005] Preferably, the first mounting base has a first through groove, the third mounting base is fixedly connected to a support column, and the support column is set in the first through groove. One end of the first conductive sheet passes through the first through groove and is set at the bottom end of the support column. A spring (58) is sleeved on the support column (54). One end of the spring (58) is set on the third mounting base (5), and the other end is set on the first conductive sheet (3).

[0006] Preferably, the first mounting base has a second through groove, and one end of the second conductive sheet passes through the second through groove and is disposed in the first mounting base.

[0007] Preferably, the third mounting base has a mounting groove, a wire pressing block is fixedly connected in the mounting groove, wire passage grooves are provided on both sides of the mounting groove, and limit holes are provided on the other two sides of the mounting groove. The limit holes and wire passage grooves are all provided on the third mounting base, the wire pressing block is set at the top of the wire passage groove, and the screw is hinged in the limit hole.

[0008] Preferably, the third mounting base has ribs fixedly connected at the positions corresponding to the two second opening slots, and the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are respectively disposed at the bottom ends of the two ribs.

[0009] Preferably, a first opening groove is provided on the outer walls of both sides of the two second mounting seats, and a fourth through groove is provided on the third mounting seat at the position corresponding to the first opening groove.

[0010] Preferably, the first mounting base has a plurality of first slots, and the third mounting base has elastic claws fixedly connected at the positions corresponding to the first slots, and the elastic claws are engaged in the first slots.

[0011] Preferably, the first conductive sheet (3) includes a first contact sheet (31), a first connecting sheet (32), a first bent sheet (33), a second bent sheet (34), and a first protrusion (35). The first contact sheet (31) is disposed in one of the fastening sleeves (2). The first connecting sheet (32) is fixedly connected to the first contact sheet (31). The first connecting sheet (32) is disposed in one of the second opening slots (14). The first bent sheet (33) is fixedly connected to the first connecting sheet (32). The first bent sheet (33) is disposed in the first through slot (11). The second bent sheet (34) is fixedly connected to the first bent sheet (33). The second bent sheet (34) is disposed at the bottom end of the spring (58). The first protrusion (35) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the second bent sheet (34).

[0012] Preferably, the second conductive sheet (4) includes a second contact sheet (41), a second connecting sheet (42), a third bent sheet (43), a second protrusion (44), and a third protrusion (45). The second contact sheet (41) is disposed in another fastening sleeve (2). The second connecting sheet (42) is fixedly connected to the second contact sheet (41). The second connecting sheet (42) is disposed in another second opening groove (14). The third bent sheet (43) is fixedly connected to the second connecting sheet (42). The third bent sheet (43) is inserted into the second through groove (15). The second protrusion (44) is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the third bent sheet (43). The second protrusion (44) is disposed on the inner wall of the first mounting base (1). The third protrusion (45) is fixedly connected to the other outer wall of the third bent sheet (43).

[0013] Preferably, a housing is fitted onto the first mounting base, a flange is fixedly connected to the first mounting base, a plurality of second slots are provided on the flange, a limiting block is fixedly connected inside the housing and the limiting block is located at the top of the flange, a locking block is fixedly connected inside the housing at the position corresponding to the second slot and the locking block is locked into the second slot, a fifth through groove is provided on one side of the locking block and the fifth through groove is opened on the housing.

[0014] The structural component of the lamp holder provided by this utility model has the following advantages: This utility model, through the through-type wiring channel design formed by the fourth through slot and the first open slot, abandons the closed limitation of the traditional blind hole structure, allowing the metal core wire of the conductor to retain a certain redundant length for insertion into the fastening sleeve, without the need for pre-measurement and cutting, greatly simplifying the wiring operation process and improving installation efficiency; at the same time, by turning the screw to drive the fastening sleeve, in conjunction with the fixed conductive plate, a pull-compression wiring is achieved, ensuring the structural stability of the wiring part, combining convenient operation and safety of use, and significantly optimizing the user installation experience. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view sectional structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the overall three-dimensional structure of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure of region A in the middle;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the outer shell of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first conductive sheet of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second conductive sheet of this utility model.

[0023] In the figure: 1. First mounting base; 11. First through groove; 12. Second mounting base; 13. First opening groove; 14. Second opening groove; 15. Second through groove; 16. First slot; 17. Flange; 18. Second slot; 2. Fastening sleeve; 21. Third through groove; 22. Screw; 3. First conductive piece; 31. First contact piece; 32. First connecting piece; 33. First bent piece; 34. Second bent piece; 35. First protrusion; 4. Second conductive sheet; 41. Second contact sheet; 42. Second connecting sheet; 43. Third bending sheet; 44. Second protrusion; 45. Third protrusion; 5. Third mounting base; 51. Limiting hole; 52. Rib; 53. Fourth through groove; 54. Support column; 55. Elastic claw; 56. Mounting groove; 57. Wire passage groove; 58. Spring; 6. Wire pressing block; 7. Housing; 71. Locking block; 72. Fifth through groove; 73. Limiting block. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0025] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 7This utility model provides an embodiment of a lamp holder / lamp socket structure, including a first mounting base 1. Two second mounting bases 12 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first mounting base 1. Each of the two second mounting bases 12 has a slidably connected fastening sleeve 2. Each of the two fastening sleeves 2 is threaded with a screw 22. Each of the two fastening sleeves 2 has a third through groove 21. Each of the two second mounting bases 12 has a second opening groove 14 at a position corresponding to the third through groove 21. A first conductive sheet 3 is disposed in one of the second opening grooves 14, and a second conductive sheet 4 is disposed in the other second opening groove 14. One end of the first conductive sheet 3 and the second conductive sheet 4 are respectively disposed in the two fastening sleeves 2, and the other end of both the first conductive sheet 3 and the second conductive sheet 4 are disposed in the first mounting base 12. Inside the first mounting base 1, a third mounting base 5 is snapped onto the first mounting base 1, and a second mounting base 12 is sleeved inside the third mounting base 5. A screw 22 is hinged to the third mounting base 5. The first mounting base 1 and the second mounting base 12 are an integral structure. The screw 22 is used to adjust the position of the fastening sleeve 2. The fastening sleeve 2 is used to lock the metal core wire of the conductor with the first conductive piece 3 and the second conductive piece 4. The second opening slot 14 is used to accommodate the first conductive piece 3 and the second conductive piece 4. The first conductive piece 3 is used to connect the live wire and the end of the metal lamp holder of the bulb. The second conductive piece 4 is used to connect the neutral wire and the outer wall of the metal lamp holder of the bulb. A first through slot 11 is opened on the first mounting base 1. A support column 54 is fixedly connected inside the third mounting base 5, and the support column 54 is set in the first through slot. Inside the first mounting base 11, one end of the first conductive sheet 3 passes through the first through groove 11 and is positioned at the bottom end of the support column 54. A spring 58 is sleeved on the support column 54, with one end of the spring 58 positioned on the third mounting base 5 and the other end positioned on the first conductive sheet 3. The first through groove 11 is used to accommodate the support column 54 and the first conductive sheet 3. The support column 54 is used to support and limit the first conductive sheet 3, and the spring 58 is used to provide elastic force for the first conductive sheet 3. A second through groove 15 is provided on the first mounting base 1, and one end of the second conductive sheet 4 passes through the second through groove 15 and is positioned inside the first mounting base 1. The second through groove 15 is used to accommodate the second conductive sheet 4. A mounting groove 56 is provided on the third mounting base 5, and a wire clamping block 6 is fixedly connected inside the mounting groove 56. The two sides of the mounting groove 56 are... Each mounting slot 56 is provided with a wire passage groove 57. Limiting holes 51 are provided on both sides of the mounting slot 56. The limiting holes 51 and the wire passage groove 57 are both opened on the third mounting base 5. The wire pressing block 6 is set at the top of the wire passage groove 57. The screw 22 is hinged in the limiting hole 51. The wire passage groove 57 is used to accommodate the wire. The mounting slot 56 is used to accommodate the wire pressing block 6. The wire pressing block 6 is used to limit the wire. The limiting hole 51 is used to realize the hinge between the screw 22 and the third mounting base 5. The third mounting base 5 is fixedly connected with a rib 52 at the position corresponding to the two second opening slots 14. The first conductive piece 3 and the second conductive piece 4 are respectively set at the bottom end of the two ribs 52. The ribs 52 are used to cooperate with the second opening slots 14 to limit the first conductive piece 3 and the second conductive piece 4 respectively.Each of the two second mounting bases 12 has a first opening slot 13 on its outer side wall. A fourth through slot 53 is provided on the third mounting base 5 at the position corresponding to the first opening slot 13. The fourth through slot 53 and the first opening slot 13 are used to insert wires. The first mounting base 1 has multiple first locking slots 16. An elastic claw 55 is fixedly connected to the third mounting base 5 at the position corresponding to the first locking slot 16, and the elastic claw 55 engages within the first locking slot 16. The first locking slot 16, in conjunction with the elastic claw 55, achieves the engagement of the first mounting base 1 and the third mounting base 5. The first conductive sheet 3 includes a first contact sheet 31, a first connecting sheet 32, a first bent sheet 33, and a second bent sheet 34. 4 and the first protrusion 35, and the first contact piece 31 is disposed in one of the fastening sleeves 2, the first contact piece 31 is fixedly connected to the first connecting piece 32, and the first connecting piece 32 is disposed in one of the second opening slots 14, the first connecting piece 32 is fixedly connected to the first connecting piece 32, and the first bending piece 33 is disposed in the first through slot 11, the first bending piece 33 is fixedly connected to the first bending piece 33, and the second bending piece 34 is disposed at the bottom end of the spring 58, the lower surface of the second bending piece 34 is fixedly connected to the first protrusion 35; the second conductive piece 4 includes the second contact piece 41, the second connecting piece 42, the third bending piece 43, the second protrusion 44 and the first connecting piece 35. The device has three protrusions 45, and a second contact piece 41 is disposed within another fastening sleeve 2. A second connecting piece 42 is fixedly connected to the second contact piece 41, and the second connecting piece 42 is disposed within another second opening groove 14. A third bent piece 43 is fixedly connected to the second connecting piece 42, and the third bent piece 43 is inserted into a second through groove 15. A second protrusion 44 is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the third bent piece 43, and the second protrusion 44 is disposed on the inner wall of the first mounting base 1. A third protrusion 45 is fixedly connected to the other outer wall of the third bent piece 43. A housing 7 is sleeved on the first mounting base 1, and a flange 17 is fixedly connected to the first mounting base 1. The housing 7 has multiple second slots 18. A limiting block 73 is fixedly connected inside the housing 7, and the limiting block 73 is located at the top of the flange 17. A locking block 71 is fixedly connected inside the housing 7 at a position corresponding to the second slot 18, and the locking block 71 engages within the second slot 18. A fifth through groove 72 is provided on one side of the locking block 71, and the fifth through groove 72 is formed on the housing 7. The housing 7 is used to install the first mounting base 1 onto the base of the lamp holder. The limiting block 73 limits the top of the flange 17, and the locking block 71, in conjunction with the second slot 18, limits the bottom of the flange 17, thereby locking the first mounting base 1 inside the housing 7. The fifth through groove 72 provides deformation space for the locking block 71.

[0026] Working principle: When using this utility model, the insulation layer at the end of the wire is peeled off to expose the metal core wire. The metal core wire is inserted into the fastening sleeve 2 through the fourth through groove 53 and the first opening groove 13. Then, the screw 22 in the limiting hole 51 is turned. The screw 22 drives the fastening sleeve 2 through the thread, so that the fastening sleeve 2 moves upward along the second mounting base 12 until the inner wall of the fastening sleeve 2 and the second contact piece 41 clamps the metal core wire. The other wire is inserted into another fastening sleeve 2 in the same way. The metal core wire is clamped by the inner wall of the fastening sleeve 2 and the first contact piece 31. Then, the two wires are placed in the two wire through grooves 57 respectively. Then, the wire clamping block 6 is installed in the mounting groove 56 to limit the wires. This completes the wiring of the lamp holder. When installing the bulb, the bulb is directly screwed into the screw hole of the first mounting base 1 so that the third protrusion 45 contacts the outer wall of the metal lamp holder of the bulb, and the first protrusion 35 on the second bending piece 34 contacts the end of the metal lamp holder of the bulb. The outer shell 7 is used for The first mounting base 1 is installed on the base of the lamp holder. The top of the flange 17 is limited by the limiting block 73, and the bottom of the flange 17 is limited by the locking block 71 in cooperation with the second locking groove 18, thereby locking the first mounting base 1 inside the outer shell 7. The fifth through groove 72 is used to provide deformation space for the locking block 71. The first through groove 11 is used to accommodate the support column 54 and the first conductive piece 3. The support column 54 is used to support and limit the first conductive piece 3. The second through groove 15 is used to accommodate the second conductive piece 4. The first locking groove 16 cooperates with the elastic claw 55 to realize the locking of the first mounting base 1 and the third mounting base 5. The protruding rib 52 is used to cooperate with the second opening groove 14 to limit the first connecting piece 32 and the second connecting piece 42 respectively. The third through groove 21 is used to accommodate the first connecting piece 32 and the second connecting piece 42. The second protrusion 44 is used to support the third bent piece 43. The first bent piece 33 is used to connect the first connecting piece 32 and the second bent piece 34. The spring 58 is used to provide elastic force for the second bent piece 34.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A structural component for a lamp holder, comprising a first mounting base (1), characterized in that: Two second mounting seats (12) are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first mounting seat (1). A fastening sleeve (2) is slidably connected in both second mounting seats (12). A screw (22) is threadedly connected to both fastening sleeves (2). A third through groove (21) is opened on both fastening sleeves (2). A second opening groove (14) is opened on both second mounting seats (12) at the position corresponding to the third through groove (21). A first conductive piece (3) is provided in one of the second opening grooves (14), and a second conductive piece (4) is provided in the other second opening groove (14). One end of the first conductive piece (3) and the second conductive piece (4) are respectively set in the two fastening sleeves (2). The other end of the first conductive piece (3) and the second conductive piece (4) are both set in the first mounting seat (1). A third mounting seat (5) is snapped onto the first mounting seat (1), and the second mounting seat (12) is sleeved in the third mounting seat (5). The screw (22) is hinged to the third mounting seat (5).

2. The structural component of a lamp holder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mounting base (1) has a first through groove (11), and the third mounting base (5) is fixedly connected to a support column (54). The support column (54) is located in the first through groove (11). One end of the first conductive sheet (3) passes through the first through groove (11) and is located at the bottom of the support column (54). A spring (58) is sleeved on the support column (54). One end of the spring (58) is located on the third mounting base (5), and the other end is located on the first conductive sheet (3).

3. The structural component of a lamp holder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mounting base (1) has a second through groove (15), and one end of the second conductive sheet (4) passes through the second through groove (15) and is placed inside the first mounting base (1).

4. The structural component of a lamp holder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third mounting base (5) is provided with a mounting groove (56), and a wire pressing block (6) is fixedly connected in the mounting groove (56). Both sides of the mounting groove (56) are provided with wire passage grooves (57), and the other two sides of the mounting groove (56) are provided with limit holes (51). The limit holes (51) and the wire passage grooves (57) are both opened on the third mounting base (5). The wire pressing block (6) is located at the top of the wire passage groove (57), and the screw (22) is hinged in the limit hole (51).

5. The structural component of a lamp holder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third mounting base (5) is fixedly connected with ribs (52) at the positions corresponding to the two second opening slots (14), and the first conductive sheet (3) and the second conductive sheet (4) are respectively set at the bottom ends of the two ribs (52).

6. The structural component of a lamp holder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two second mounting bases (12) are provided with first opening slots (13) on both outer walls, and the third mounting base (5) is provided with a fourth through slot (53) at the position corresponding to the first opening slots (13).

7. The structural component of a lamp holder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first mounting base (1) has multiple first slots (16), and the third mounting base (5) has elastic claws (55) fixedly connected at the positions corresponding to the first slots (16), and the elastic claws (55) are engaged in the first slots (16).

8. The structural component of a lamp holder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first conductive sheet (3) includes a first contact sheet (31), a first connecting sheet (32), a first bent sheet (33), a second bent sheet (34), and a first protrusion (35). The first contact sheet (31) is disposed in one of the fastening sleeves (2). The first connecting sheet (32) is fixedly connected to the first contact sheet (31). The first connecting sheet (32) is disposed in one of the second opening slots (14). The first bent sheet (33) is fixedly connected to the first connecting sheet (32). The first bent sheet (33) is disposed in the first through slot (11). The second bent sheet (34) is fixedly connected to the first bent sheet (33). The second bent sheet (34) is disposed at the bottom end of the spring (58). The first protrusion (35) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the second bent sheet (34).

9. A structural component for a lamp holder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second conductive sheet (4) includes a second contact sheet (41), a second connecting sheet (42), a third bent sheet (43), a second protrusion (44), and a third protrusion (45). The second contact sheet (41) is disposed in another fastening sleeve (2). The second connecting sheet (42) is fixedly connected to the second contact sheet (41). The second connecting sheet (42) is disposed in another second opening groove (14). The third bent sheet (43) is fixedly connected to the second connecting sheet (42). The third bent sheet (43) is inserted into the second through groove (15). The second protrusion (44) is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the third bent sheet (43). The second protrusion (44) is disposed on the inner wall of the first mounting base (1). The third protrusion (45) is fixedly connected to the other outer wall of the third bent sheet (43).

10. A structural component for a lamp holder according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first mounting base (1) is fitted with a housing (7), and a flange (17) is fixedly connected to the first mounting base (1). Multiple second slots (18) are provided on the flange (17). A limiting block (73) is fixedly connected inside the housing (7), and the limiting block (73) is located at the top of the flange (17). A locking block (71) is fixedly connected inside the housing (7) at the position corresponding to the second slot (18), and the locking block (71) is locked in the second slot (18). A fifth through groove (72) is provided on one side of the locking block (71), and the fifth through groove (72) is opened on the housing (7).