Zero leakage high efficiency slag / ash cooler for high temperature with pressure service

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of zero-leakage high-efficiency cooling slag / ash devices for high-temperature with pressure condition, including cooling dust discharge port, jacketed cone body closed pipe, compressed gas cone body air inlet pipe, device main body, cooling jacket assembly, cooling subsection, jacketed cylinder, distributor, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet and high-temperature dust inlet;Cooling jacket assembly is sleeved outside device main body, cooling water inlet is located at the bottom of cooling jacket assembly, and cooling water outlet is located at the top of cooling jacket assembly;Cooling dust discharge port and high-temperature dust inlet are located at the lower end and upper end of device main body;Compressed gas cone body air inlet pipe is through cooling jacket assembly and is located in communication with the bottom of device main body;Distributor is located in device main body and below high-temperature dust inlet, and cooling subsection is located in device main body and below distributor.The utility model relates to the technical field of heat exchanger of chemical engineering, can solve the problem that high-temperature with pressure cooling slag / ash device cannot long-period stable operation in prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of heat exchanger technology in chemical engineering, and in particular to a zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature, pressurized conditions. Background Technology

[0002] The core function of a heat exchanger is to achieve process temperature control, energy recovery, and energy conservation and consumption reduction by transferring heat, as well as maintaining thermal balance, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing thermal pollution. As a distinct category of heat exchangers, slag / ash cooling devices are widely used in many industries, including chemical, power, metallurgy, and cement, especially in recent years under pressurized conditions. For example, in fluidized bed high-temperature pressurized coal gasification and biomass gasification processes, the successful discharge and cooling of high-temperature pressurized solid ash is a crucial and critical technology. This cooling ash discharge device can operate at pressures up to approximately 6.0 MPaG, with slag temperatures reaching 800–900℃. To maintain the activity of the ash, facilitate the synthesis of cement and other materials, and reduce water pollution, a completely dry cooling ash discharge method is required. Simultaneously, due to the involvement of flammable and explosive media, the cooling ash discharge device must be leak-free. To ensure stable operation of the gasifier, the cooling ash discharge device must be able to achieve long-term, stable, and continuous ash discharge. These operating conditions place extremely high demands on cooling and ash removal devices, making stable operation for more than six months under these conditions extremely difficult in engineering. Another example is the pressurized circulating fluidized bed boiler, a rapidly developing type of high-efficiency, low-pollution, and clean-combustion boiler that employs advanced in-furnace desulfurization technology. Through low-temperature combustion in a circulating fluidized bed, it effectively removes sulfides and nitrogen oxides, significantly reducing pollutant emissions in flue gas. Currently, the ash removal method at the bottom of the return feeder or the bottom of the ash hopper on the boiler wall of pressurized circulating fluidized bed boilers mainly uses a bare tube structure to directly transport high-temperature fine ash to downstream equipment. The ash removal temperature is high (800–1000℃), and directly transporting high-temperature ash places high demands on the temperature resistance of downstream equipment, directly impacting the lifespan of the conveying pipeline and downstream equipment. Excessively high ash removal temperatures cause the outer surface of the tube to glow red-hot, posing a significant safety hazard on site.

[0003] Currently, existing cold slag / ash machines are mainly classified into the following types according to their structure:

[0004] Drum-type slag cooler: It achieves cooling and conveying of high-temperature slag through drum rotation, and is suitable for normal pressure conditions in fields such as power and metallurgy.

[0005] Vibration slag cooler: It uses the principle of vibration to quickly cool down high-temperature slag. It has a simple structure and is easy to maintain.

[0006] Spiral slag cooler: It adopts a spiral conveying method, which is suitable for continuous production scenarios and has high cooling efficiency.

[0007] Screening-type slag cooler: Combining screening and cooling functions, it can simultaneously complete material classification and temperature control.

[0008] Because these types of cold slag / ash machines are equipped with motors and transmission mechanisms, the problems of dynamic seal leakage of pressurized gas and wear of dynamic seal structure by high-temperature dust are usually difficult to solve. As a result, cold slag / ash machines that can withstand pressure (especially high-pressure conditions) are very rare on the market. Almost no cold slag / ash machine can achieve stable operation for more than six months under high-temperature and pressurized conditions.

[0009] Chinese utility model patent application CN108517228A discloses a spiral slag cooler for a high-temperature, high-pressure fluidized bed gasifier, comprising: a spiral conveying cylinder installed between a front pressure-resistant shell and a rear pressure-resistant shell; a rotary joint installed inside the front pressure-resistant shell, and a drive device installed inside the rear pressure-resistant shell; a spiral rotating shaft rotatably passing through the spiral conveying cylinder at both ends, and connected to the rotary joint and the drive device respectively; both the front and rear pressure-resistant shells are provided with an inert gas inlet and an inert gas outlet. Although this spiral slag cooler can be used in high-temperature, high-pressure conditions and has zero leakage characteristics, it also has the following shortcomings:

[0010] 1) The cooling effect on high-temperature slag / ash is not good. The total heat exchange area between high-temperature slag / ash and cooling water pipes and jackets is relatively small. In order to obtain a better heat exchange effect, the length of the spiral tube can only be increased, which inevitably requires a larger motor drive power and increases the mechanical failure rate.

[0011] 2) The mechanical structure is complex, and the high temperature and dust cause great wear to the sealed bearings, resulting in a high failure rate and poor stability during long-term operation.

[0012] 3) The maintenance workload is large, the equipment manufacturing cost is high, and the equipment operating cost is also high.

[0013] 4) The feed inlet and outlet of the slag / ash are horizontally misaligned, resulting in complex connections between upstream and downstream equipment and low space utilization.

[0014] Chinese utility model patent CN221611887U discloses a cold ash cooler with a needle heat exchange structure, comprising: a cold ash cooler, an inlet tank, and an outlet tank. The inlet tank is installed in the middle of one side of the cold ash cooler, and the outlet tank is installed on the side of the cold ash cooler opposite to the inlet tank. Heat-conducting pipes are installed inside the inlet and outlet tanks. Insertion holes are provided near the bottom of the inlet and outlet tanks on one side of the cold ash cooler, and needle heat exchange units and plugs are inserted into these holes. Clamping plates are installed inside the inlet and outlet tanks at the bottom of the insertion holes via positioning rods. This cold ash cooler has advantages such as high heat exchange efficiency and low failure rate, but it still has the following shortcomings:

[0015] 1) The equipment has a square structure and poor pressure resistance. It can only be used under normal pressure conditions and is not suitable for pressurized conditions.

[0016] 2) Lack of heat exchange tube cleaning measures. Once the heat exchange tubes themselves are blocked by high-temperature dust, the ash cooler will not be able to solve the problem online and will have to be shut down for maintenance.

[0017] 3) The "needle" of the needle heat exchange tube itself is actually a short and small round bar welded to the heat exchange tube. There are many of them and the welding points are complex. They are prone to missing welds or poor welds, which can lead to breakage. Once the "needle" falls off, it will cause the valves of the downstream equipment to jam, causing the entire system to shut down.

[0018] 4) The lack of a powder material distributor results in uneven cooling of high-temperature dust, and the heat transfer and cooling effect is not ideal.

[0019] Therefore, there is a need to provide a reliable high-temperature pressurized cooling slag / ash discharge device that can solve the problem that existing high-temperature pressurized cooling slag / ash discharge devices cannot operate stably for long periods. Utility Model Content

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to provide a reliable high-temperature pressurized cooling slag / ash discharge device, which can solve the problem that existing high-temperature pressurized cooling slag / ash discharge devices cannot operate stably for long periods.

[0021] This utility model is implemented as follows:

[0022] A zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature, pressurized operation includes a cooling dust discharge port, a jacketed conical sealed pipe, a compressed gas conical inlet pipe, a device body, a cooling jacket assembly, cooling sections, a jacket cylinder, a distributor, a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet, and a high-temperature dust inlet. The cooling jacket assembly is fitted onto the outside of the device body, with a cavity for circulating cooling water between the device body and the cooling jacket assembly. The cooling water inlet is located at the bottom side of the cooling jacket assembly and communicates with this cavity, while the cooling water outlet is located at the top side of the cooling jacket assembly and communicates with this cavity. The cooling dust discharge port is located at the lower end of the device body and communicates with it, as is the high-temperature dust inlet at the upper end of the device body. The compressed gas conical inlet pipe penetrates the cooling jacket assembly and is located at the bottom side of the device body, communicating with it. The distributor is located inside the device body and below the high-temperature dust inlet, and several cooling sections are located inside the device body and below the distributor.

[0023] The main body of the device includes a cone, a cylinder, and a head; the cylinder has a cylindrical structure, the cone has an inverted cone shape and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the cylinder, the head is sealed to the upper end of the cylinder through a container flange, the cooling dust discharge port is installed at the lower end of the cone, the high-temperature dust inlet is installed at the upper end of the head, and the cooling dust discharge port, cone, cylinder, and high-temperature dust inlet of the head are coaxially connected from bottom to top; the cooling jacket assembly is fitted on the outside of the cone, cylinder, and head; the distributor and several cooling sections are respectively arranged inside the cylinder.

[0024] The cooling jacket assembly includes a jacket cone, a jacket cylinder, and a jacket head. The jacket cone is fitted over the outside of the cone, forming a first cavity between the jacket cone and the cone. The jacket cylinder is fitted over the outside of the cylinder, forming a second cavity between the jacket cylinder and the cylinder. The jacket head is fitted over the outside of the end cap, forming a third cavity for shared cooling water circulation between the jacket head and the end cap. The lower end of the jacket head is closed and connected to the bottom outer wall of the end cap, and the upper end of the jacket head is closed and connected to the outer wall of the high-temperature dust inlet. The upper end of the jacket cone is fixedly connected to the jacket cylinder, allowing the first cavity and the second cavity to communicate to form a fourth cavity for cooling water circulation. The lower end of the jacket cone is closed and connected to the outer wall of the cooling dust discharge port, and the upper end of the jacket cylinder is closed and connected to the top outer wall of the cylinder.

[0025] The third cavity has a head cooling water outlet on one side of its top and a head cooling water inlet on the other side of its bottom; the fourth cavity has a main cooling water inlet on one side of its bottom and a main cooling water outlet on the other side of its top; the gas cone inlet pipe passes through the bottom side of the fourth cavity and is connected to the cone through a jacketed cone sealing pipe, and the gas cone inlet pipe is set higher than the main cooling water inlet.

[0026] The gas cone inlet pipe has one end bent downwards to form an elbow, with the elbow pointing downwards toward the center of the cooling dust discharge port.

[0027] Each cooling section includes annular finned heat exchange tubes, a jacketed cylinder sealing tube, and a jet pipe assembly. Several annular finned heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel at intervals to form a heat exchange layer. Several heat exchange layers are arranged at intervals inside the cylinder, and the axial directions of the annular finned heat exchange tubes in adjacent heat exchange layers are perpendicular to each other. The two ends of the annular finned heat exchange tubes pass through the cylinder and are connected and fixed to the outer wall of the cylinder. Cooling water circulates inside the annular finned heat exchange tubes. The jet pipe assembly is installed above the uppermost heat exchange layer, and the air inlet end of the jet pipe assembly is sealed and extends through the jacketed cylinder sealing tube to the outside of the cylinder and the jacketed cylinder.

[0028] The tube spacing L of the annular finned heat exchange tube is 3 to 6 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tube, and the interlayer spacing h of the heat exchange layer is 4 to 8 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tube; the end of each annular finned heat exchange tube extends 10 mm to the outside of the cylinder.

[0029] Each of the aforementioned annular finned heat exchange tubes includes a steel pipe and annular fins. The annular fins have a ring structure. The inner ring of the annular fins is fixed to the steel pipe and is fixedly connected to the steel pipe. The outer ring of the annular fins extends outward along the radial direction of the steel pipe. Several annular fins are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the steel pipe.

[0030] The annular fins are annular thin sheet structures with a thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm. The outer diameter of the annular fins is d2 = 1.5 to 3.0 × tube diameter d1. Adjacent annular fins are arranged at equal intervals with a spacing S = 1.0 to 0.03 × tube diameter d1.

[0031] The jet pipe assembly includes a fixed short pipe, an annular pipe, a cross pipe, a compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe, and nozzles. The cross pipe is embedded in the annular pipe and communicates with it. One end of the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe is welded to the annular pipe and the cross pipe. The annular pipe, the cross pipe, and the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe are located in the same plane. The other end of the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe serves as the air inlet end of the jet pipe assembly and is sealed through the jacketed cylinder sealing pipe to the outside of the cylinder and the jacketed cylinder. Several nozzles are evenly distributed on the side of the annular pipe and the cross pipe facing the heat exchange layer. The annular pipe is connected and fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder through several fixed short pipes.

[0032] The ratio of the nozzle diameter d0 to the steel pipe diameter d1 is d0 / d1 = 0.2 to 0.6.

[0033] The material feeder includes a fixing rib, an annular sine wave plate, and material dropping holes; after being cut along the central axis of the material feeder, the annular sine wave plate has a sine wave structure, and several material dropping holes are evenly distributed on the annular sine wave plate; several fixing ribs are evenly distributed around the annular sine wave plate and welded to the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0034] The diameter of the material feeding hole is 16mm to 40mm.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0036] This invention is applicable to the continuous cooling of high-temperature solid dust / particulate materials, especially suitable for high-temperature pressurized conditions, toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive materials, and applications requiring zero leakage and good cooling effect on slag / ash. It features a simple structure, no moving parts in the main body, low cost, long-term stable operation, and high safety performance. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a front sectional view of the zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature, pressurized conditions according to this utility model.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a front sectional view of the cooling section in the zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature and pressurized conditions according to this utility model.

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Sectional view of AA in the middle;

[0040] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the middle section (BB);

[0041] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the annular finned heat exchange tube in the zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature and pressurized conditions according to this utility model.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a front sectional view of the blowpipe assembly in the zero-leakage high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature and pressurized conditions according to this utility model;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a top view of the blowpipe assembly in the zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature and pressurized conditions according to this utility model.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a front sectional view of the distributor in the zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature and pressurized conditions according to this utility model.

[0045] Figure 9 This is a top view of the material distributor in the zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature and pressurized conditions according to this utility model.

[0046] In the diagram, 1 is the cooling dust discharge port, 2 is the main cooling water inlet, 3 is the jacketed cone-shaped closed pipe, 4 is the compressed gas cone inlet pipe, 5 is the cone, 6 is the jacketed cone, 7 is the lug support, 8 is the first cooling section, 8 is the annular finned heat exchange tube, 81 is the steel pipe, 811 is the annular fin, 812 is the jacketed cylinder closed pipe, 82 is the blow pipe assembly, 83 is the fixed short pipe, 831 is the annular pipe, 832 is the cross pipe, 833 is the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe, 834 is the nozzle, 835 is the cylinder, 9 is the jacketed cylinder, 10 is the second cooling section, 11 is the main cooling water outlet, 12 is the material distributor, 13 is the fixed stiffener, 132 is the annular sine wave plate, 133 is the discharge hole, 133 is the container flange, 14 is the head cooling water inlet, 15 is the head, 16 is the jacketed head, 17 is the head cooling water outlet, 18 is the high-temperature dust inlet, and 19 is the high-temperature dust inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] Please see the appendix Figure 1 A zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature, pressurized operation includes a cooling dust discharge port 1, a jacketed conical sealed pipe 3, a compressed gas conical inlet pipe 4, a device body, a cooling jacket assembly, a cooling section, a jacket cylinder 10, a distributor 13, a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet, and a high-temperature dust inlet 19. The cooling jacket assembly is fitted onto the outside of the device body, with a cavity for circulating cooling water between the device body and the cooling jacket assembly. The cooling water inlet is located at the bottom side of the cooling jacket assembly and communicates with this cavity, and the cooling water outlet is located at... The cooling jacket assembly is located at the top side and communicates with the cavity; the cooling dust discharge port 1 is located at the lower end of the main body of the device and communicates with the main body of the device; the high temperature dust inlet 19 is located at the upper end of the main body of the device and communicates with the main body of the device; the compressed gas cone inlet pipe 4 passes through the cooling jacket assembly and is located at the bottom side of the main body of the device, and the compressed gas cone inlet pipe 4 communicates with the main body of the device; the distributor 13 is located inside the main body of the device and below the high temperature dust inlet 19, and several cooling sections are respectively located inside the main body of the device and below the distributor 13.

[0049] High-temperature slag / ash enters the main body of the device through the high-temperature dust inlet 19. After being evenly distributed by the distributor 13, it falls and undergoes segmented cooling and screening during its descent. Simultaneously, cooling water enters the cooling jacket assembly through the cooling water inlet and flows out through the cooling water outlet. The cooling water circulating within the cooling jacket assembly further cools the high-temperature slag / ash, improving the effective cooling of the high-temperature slag / ash and ensuring that there are no dead zones in the cooling of the high-temperature slag / ash. Compressed gas is blown into the bottom of the main body of the device through the compressed gas cone inlet pipe 4. The cooled slag / ash is discharged from the cooling dust discharge port 1 under the blowing of the compressed gas.

[0050] Please see the appendix Figure 1 The main body of the device includes a cone 5, a cylinder 9, and a head 16. The cylinder 9 has a cylindrical structure, the cone 5 has an inverted cone shape and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the cylinder 9 by welding, and the head 16 is sealed to the upper end of the cylinder 9 through a container flange 14. The cooling dust discharge port 1 is installed at the lower end of the cone 5, and the high-temperature dust inlet 19 is installed at the upper end of the head 16. The cooling dust discharge port 1, the cone 5, the cylinder 9, the head 16, and the high-temperature dust inlet 19 are coaxially connected from bottom to top. The cooling jacket assembly is fitted on the outside of the cone 5, the cylinder 9, and the head 16. The distributor 13 and several cooling sections are respectively arranged inside the cylinder 9.

[0051] The cone 5 and cylinder 9 can be welded as a single unit. The end cap 16 is connected to the cylinder 9 by a container flange 14, ensuring the airtightness of the entire device and facilitating the operator's inspection and maintenance of the device's interior after the end cap 16 is opened. The dimensions of the cone 5, cylinder 9, and end cap 16 can be adapted to meet actual usage requirements.

[0052] Please see the appendix Figure 1 The cooling jacket assembly includes a jacket cone 6, a jacket cylinder 10, and a jacket end cap 17. The jacket cone 6 is fitted over the outside of the cone 5, forming a first cavity between the jacket cone 6 and the cone 5. The jacket cylinder 10 is fitted over the outside of the cylinder 9, forming a second cavity between the jacket cylinder 10 and the cylinder 9. The jacket end cap 17 is fitted over the outside of the end cap 16, forming a third cavity for shared cooling water circulation between the jacket end cap 17 and the end cap 16. The lower end of the jacket end cap 17 is sealed and connected to the end cap 16 by welding. On the bottom outer wall of the end cap 16, the upper end of the jacket end cap 17 is welded to the outer wall of the high-temperature dust inlet 19; the upper end of the jacket cone 6 is fixedly connected to the jacket cylinder 10 by welding, so that the first cavity and the second cavity are connected to form a fourth cavity for cooling water circulation; the lower end of the jacket cone 6 is welded to the outer wall of the cooling dust discharge port 1; and the upper end of the jacket cylinder 10 is welded to the top outer wall of the cylinder 9.

[0053] The dimensions of the jacket cone 6, jacket cylinder 10 and jacket head 17 can be determined based on the dimensions of the cone 5, cylinder 9 and head 16 and the flow rate of the cooling water circulating inside them, so as to ensure that the cooling jacket assembly can cool the high-temperature slag / ash inside the main body of the device.

[0054] Please see the appendix Figure 1 The cooling water inlet includes a main cooling water inlet 2 and a head cooling water inlet 15, and the cooling water outlet includes a main cooling water outlet 12 and a head cooling water outlet 18. The head cooling water outlet 18 is located on one side of the top of the third cavity, and the head cooling water inlet 15 is located on the other side of the bottom of the third cavity. The main cooling water inlet 2 is located on one side of the bottom of the fourth cavity, and the main cooling water outlet 12 is located on the other side of the top of the fourth cavity. The gas cone inlet pipe 4 passes through the bottom of the fourth cavity and is sealed by a jacketed cone sealing pipe 3, communicating with the cone 5. The gas cone inlet pipe 4 is positioned higher than the main cooling water inlet 2.

[0055] Preferably, the main cooling water inlet 2 is located near the lowest position of the jacket cone 6, and the main cooling water outlet 12 is located near the highest position of the jacket cylinder 10. The end cap cooling water inlet 15 is located near the lowest position of the jacket end cap 17, and the end cap cooling water outlet 18 is located near the highest position of the jacket cylinder 10. The jacket cone sealing pipe 3 seals the corresponding opening of the jacket cone 6 by welding to prevent cooling water from leaking out from the opening.

[0056] Preferably, the number of cooling segments can be adjusted according to actual cooling needs. Preferably, there are two segments, namely the first cooling segment 8 and the second cooling segment 11 from bottom to top. The structure of each cooling segment is the same, which facilitates modular manufacturing.

[0057] Please see the appendix Figure 1 The gas cone inlet pipe 4 is located inside the cone 5, with one end bent downwards to form an elbow. The elbow points downwards toward the center of the cooling dust discharge port 1 to ensure that the cooled slag / ash is discharged outwards and is not prone to clogging.

[0058] Please see the appendix Figure 2 To be continued Figure 4 Each cooling section includes annular finned heat exchange tubes 81, a jacketed cylinder sealing tube 82, and a jet pipe assembly 83. Several annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 are arranged in parallel at intervals to form a heat exchange layer. Several heat exchange layers are arranged at intervals inside the cylinder 9, and the axial directions of the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 in adjacent heat exchange layers are perpendicular to each other. The two ends of the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 pass through the cylinder 9 and are circumferentially welded to the outer wall of the cylinder 9. Cooling water circulates inside the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81. The jet pipe assembly 83 is installed above the uppermost heat exchange layer. The air inlet end of the jet pipe assembly 83 is sealed and penetrates to the outside of the cylinder 9 and the jacketed cylinder 10 through the jacketed cylinder sealing tube 82.

[0059] Preferably, if the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 of the upper heat exchange layer are arranged horizontally, then the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 of the lower heat exchange layer can be arranged vertically, that is, the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 of adjacent heat exchange layers are arranged perpendicular to each other. The number and spacing of the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 in each heat exchange layer, as well as the interlayer spacing of the heat exchange layers, can be adaptively adjusted according to actual usage requirements. For example, the tube spacing L of the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 is 3 to 6 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81, and the interlayer spacing h of the heat exchange layers is 4 to 8 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the tube spacing L of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81 is 3 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81, and the interlayer spacing h of the heat exchange layer is 4 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment, the tube spacing L of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81 is 6 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81, and the interlayer spacing h of the heat exchange layer is 8 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81.

[0062] Preferably, the end of each annular finned heat exchange tube 81 extends 10 mm beyond the outside of the cylinder 9 to facilitate circumferential welding between the annular finned heat exchange tube 81 and the outer wall of the cylinder 9.

[0063] Please see the appendix Figure 5 Each of the aforementioned annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 includes a steel tube 811 and annular fins 812. The annular fins 812 have an annular structure. The inner ring of the annular fins 812 is fixed to the steel tube 811 and is fixedly connected to the steel tube 811. The outer ring of the annular fins 812 extends outward along the radial direction of the steel tube 811. Several annular fins 812 are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the steel tube 811.

[0064] The annular fin 812 is an annular thin-plate structure with a thickness of 0.2–1.0 mm. It is made of stainless steel. The outer diameter d2 of the annular fin 812 is 1.5–3.0 × pipe diameter d1. Adjacent annular fins 812 are arranged at equal intervals (plate spacing S = 1.0–3.0 × pipe diameter d1). The steel pipe 812 can be made of carbon steel.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the annular fin 812 is an annular thin-plate structure with a thickness of 0.2 mm and made of stainless steel. The outer diameter d2 of the annular fin 812 is 1.5 × pipe diameter d1, and adjacent annular fins 812 are arranged at equal intervals (the spacing between the annular fins 812 is S = 1.0 × pipe diameter d1). The steel pipe 812 can be made of carbon steel.

[0066] In another preferred embodiment, the annular fin 812 is an annular thin-plate structure with a thickness of 1.0 mm and made of stainless steel. The outer diameter d2 of the annular fin 812 is 3 × pipe diameter d1, and adjacent annular fins 812 are arranged at equal intervals (the spacing between the annular fins 812 is S = 3.0 × pipe diameter d1). The steel pipe 812 can be made of carbon steel.

[0067] Please see the appendix Figure 6 and attached Figure 7The jet pipe assembly 83 includes a fixed short pipe 831, an annular pipe 832, a cross pipe 833, a compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe 834, and nozzles 835. The cross pipe 833 is embedded in the annular pipe 832 and communicates with it. One end of the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe 834 is welded to the annular pipe 832 and the cross pipe 833. The annular pipe 832, the cross pipe 833, and the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe 834 are located in the same plane. The other end of the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe 834 serves as the air inlet of the jet pipe assembly 83 and is sealed through the jacket cylinder sealing pipe 82 to the outside of the cylinder 9 and the jacket cylinder 10. Several nozzles 835 are evenly distributed on the side of the annular pipe 832 and the cross pipe 833 facing the heat exchange layer. The annular pipe 832 is welded to the inner wall of the cylinder 9 by several fixed short pipes 831.

[0068] Preferably, the fixed short pipe 831, the annular pipe 832, the cross pipe 833, the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe 834, and the nozzle 835 are connected by welding to form an integral blow pipe assembly 83.

[0069] Nozzle 835 can be made from a short tube with a smaller diameter (d0). The ratio of the diameter d1 of nozzle 835 to that of steel tube 811 is d0 / d1 = 0.2 to 0.6.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the diameter d1 of the nozzle 835 to that of the steel pipe 811 is d0 / d1 = 0.2.

[0071] In another preferred embodiment, the ratio of the diameter d1 of the nozzle 835 to that of the steel pipe 811 is d0 / d1 = 0.6.

[0072] Please see the appendix Figure 8 and attached Figure 9 The material feeder 13 includes a fixing rib plate 131, an annular sine wave plate 132, and a material drop hole 133. After being cut along the central axis of the material feeder 13, the annular sine wave plate 132 has a sine wave structure, and a number of material drop holes 133 are evenly distributed on the annular sine wave plate 132. A number of fixing rib plates 131 are evenly distributed around the annular sine wave plate 132 and welded to the inner wall of the cylinder 9.

[0073] Preferably, the diameter of the material discharge hole 133 can also be adjusted according to actual usage requirements, for example, from 16mm to 40mm. The number of fixing ribs 131 can be adjusted according to actual installation requirements, preferably six pieces are arranged at equal intervals.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the discharge hole 133 is 16 mm.

[0075] In another preferred embodiment, the diameter of the discharge hole 133 is 40 mm.

[0076] Please see the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 9 The working process and working principle of this utility model are as follows:

[0077] High-temperature slag / ash enters the high-temperature dust feed inlet 19 from top to bottom. Cooling water enters the third cavity from the head cooling water inlet 15 and then flows out from the head cooling water outlet 18, which is used to perform preliminary cooling on the high-temperature slag / ash that has passed through the head 16.

[0078] Under the influence of gravity and high-temperature airflow, the material first falls onto the annular sine wave plate 132 of the distributor 13. The annular sine wave plate 132 is covered with leakage holes 133. Since the diameter of the leakage holes 133 is much larger than the particle size of the high-temperature slag / ash, the high-temperature slag / ash continues to fall through the distributor 13. Because the cross-section of the annular sine wave plate 132 of the distributor 13 presents a "sine wave" structure, that is, there is no horizontal accumulation point on the annular sine wave plate 132, the dust concentrated at the high-temperature dust inlet 19 can be evenly dispersed by the distributor 13, which is very beneficial to subsequent heat exchange.

[0079] Taking a two-stage cooling system (second cooling stage 11 and first cooling stage 8) as an example: the high-temperature slag / ash then falls into the second cooling stage 11. Since the second cooling stage 11 consists of multiple heat exchange layers, each layer is composed of multiple horizontally arranged and equidistantly spaced annular finned heat exchange tubes 81. The annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 are filled with cooling water. During the fall, the high-temperature slag / ash collides with various parts of the annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 and undergoes heat exchange, gradually cooling the slag / ash as it falls. The annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 of adjacent heat exchange layers are arranged horizontally or vertically in an equidistant manner. From a top-down view, the adjacent heat exchange layers essentially form a sieve, meaning that while cooling the high-temperature slag / ash, it is also evenly dispersed, further enhancing the heat exchange effect. Because the feeding conditions of high-temperature slag / ash are extremely complex and some slag / ash has poor fluidity, a jet pipe assembly 83 is also provided at the upper end of the second cooling section 11. Compressed gas can be periodically pulsed into the annular pipe 832 and the cross pipe 833 through the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe 834, and sprayed into the heat exchange layer of the second cooling section 11 through the nozzle 835 to break the "bridging" phenomenon of high-temperature slag / ash in this space, so as to ensure that the slag / ash falls smoothly.

[0080] Meanwhile, cooling water enters the fourth cavity from the main cooling water inlet 2 and then flows out from the main cooling water outlet 12, so that the space between the cylinder 9 and the jacket cylinder 10 is also filled with cooling water, which can further cool the part of the high-temperature slag / ash that is in contact with the wall.

[0081] Considering that the cooling effect of the second cooling section 11 may not meet the technical requirements, the slag / ash continues to enter the first cooling section 8 under the action of gravity and high-temperature airflow. The basic working principle of the first cooling section 8 is exactly the same as that of the second cooling section 11, and will not be described again here.

[0082] After passing through two or more cooling sections, the high-temperature slag / ash finally falls into the cone 5. The space between the cone 5 and the jacketed cone 6 is filled with cooling water. The high-temperature slag / ash can be further cooled through the cone 5. Finally, the high-temperature slag / ash is discharged from the device through the cooling dust discharge port 1 after being cooled.

[0083] Example 1: A pressurized biomass gasification project in Inner Mongolia. The gas component is crude coal gas, which is a flammable, explosive, toxic, and hazardous medium. The operating temperature is 950–1100℃, the operating pressure is 1.0–1.2 MPa, and the total gas flow rate is 110,000–130,000 Nm³. 3 / h, slag discharge temperature 900℃, high-temperature slag / ash is collected by high-temperature cyclone separator, slag / ash volume is 3.9 tons per hour, requiring any leak-free cooling of 900℃ slag / ash temperature to below 200℃, and then sent to the silo by pneumatic conveying system.

[0084] Currently, no slag cooler on the market can meet these technical requirements. The device of this invention is used to cool high-temperature slag / ash. In Example 1, the inner diameter of the cylinder 9 is 1600mm, the inner diameter of the jacket cylinder 10 is 1700mm, and the total height of the entire device is 4630mm. The high-temperature dust inlet 19 and the cooling dust discharge outlet 1 are both DN350 steel pipes, the main cooling water inlet 2 and the main cooling water outlet 12 are both DN100 steel pipes, and the end cap cooling water inlet 15 and the end cap cooling water outlet 18 are both DN50 steel pipes. The cooling water inlet temperature is ≤35℃, the cooling water outlet temperature after heat exchange is ≤80℃, and the circulating cooling water flow rate is approximately 70 tons per hour, ultimately cooling the approximately 900℃ high-temperature slag / ash to approximately 110℃. The device of this invention has been operating continuously for nearly two years without any malfunctions, and tests have shown that all operating indicators are better than the design values.

[0085] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0086] a) Suitable for pressurized operating conditions, completely solving the pressure problem of cold slag / ash devices.

[0087] Currently, most cold slag / ash devices on the market are equipped with motors and transmission mechanisms. The problems of dynamic seal leakage of pressurized gas and wear of dynamic seal structure by high-temperature dust are usually difficult to solve. As a result, cold slag / ash devices that can withstand pressure (especially high-pressure conditions) are very rare on the market, and almost no cold slag / ash device can operate stably for more than six months under high-temperature and pressurized conditions.

[0088] This invention relates to a device suitable for pressurized operating conditions, especially high-pressure conditions. The pressure-bearing shell of the main body is made of carbon steel or stainless steel pressure vessel plates, and the entire structure is fully welded. The entire device has no moving parts and no dynamic sealing leakage points, and can withstand very high pressures. The main body of this invention has a high strength safety factor, and all components comply with national mandatory specifications and standards for the design and manufacture of pressure vessels. Because its main pressure-bearing components are all standard parts, its manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced.

[0089] (b) This utility model uses a steel tube 811 with annular fins 812 as the annular finned heat exchange tube 81, resulting in a larger heat exchange area and high-efficiency heat exchange function; at the same time, it avoids the problem of annular fins 812 falling off, significantly enhancing operational stability. Its advantages are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0090] 1. High-efficiency heat transfer.

[0091] High heat transfer coefficient: The annular finned heat exchanger tube 81, through its special design, such as its equidistant arrangement, creates strong turbulence when the high-temperature dust-laden airflow passes over its surface, thereby thinning the heat transfer boundary layer, reducing thermal resistance, and improving the heat transfer coefficient. Accumulated experimental data shows that the convective heat transfer coefficient of the annular finned heat exchanger tube 81 is significantly greater than that of smooth tubes, spiral finned tubes, and needle tubes. Its heat transfer coefficient can reach 2-3 times that of spiral finned tubes and needle tubes, and the average heat transfer coefficient of the annular finned heat exchanger tube 81 is also about twice that of smooth tubes.

[0092] Compact structure: The annular finned heat exchange tube 81 has a compact structure. The heat exchange area per unit length of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81 is 7-8 times that of the bare tube. This allows the annular finned heat exchange tube 81 to provide a larger heat exchange area in the same space, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0093] 2. Dynamic self-cleaning.

[0094] Strong self-cleaning ability: The annular fins are a cantilever structure. Because the annular fins 812 are relatively thin (thickness not exceeding 1mm), the edges of the annular fins 812 will vibrate to a certain extent under the impact of high-temperature dust-laden airflow. This vibration, along with the turbulent scouring of high-temperature flue gas between the annular fins 812, can effectively remove the dust accumulated between the annular fins 812, keeping the outside of the tube clean and thus preventing scale buildup. This self-cleaning ability allows the annular fins 812 to maintain good heat exchange performance even in special environments with high-temperature flue gas dust content.

[0095] 3. Good stability and long lifespan.

[0096] Long service life: One end of the annular fin 812 is welded to the steel tube 811, while the other end is in a free state. This design solves the problem of thermal expansion of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81, avoids damage caused by thermal stress, and thus extends the service life of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81.

[0097] Good stability: The center end of the annular fin 812 is fixed to the steel pipe 811. Even if there is a leak or a false weld, there will be no "needle drop" phenomenon like that of a needle tube. Once the "needle drop" occurs, it will cause the valves of the subsequent equipment to jam, causing the system to shut down. Therefore, the annular fin heat exchange tube 81 has excellent long-term operational stability.

[0098] Excellent corrosion resistance: Due to its special structure and material selection, the annular finned heat exchange tube 81 exhibits good corrosion resistance when used as a heat exchange element. This allows the annular finned heat exchange tube 81 to maintain good heat exchange performance and service life even in certain corrosive environments.

[0099] 4. Economic efficiency and space utilization.

[0100] High cost-effectiveness: Due to the high efficiency of heat transfer and self-cleaning capability of the annular finned heat exchanger tube 81, equipment using the annular finned heat exchanger tube 81 typically has advantages such as small size, small footprint, and high cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the annular finned heat exchanger tube 81 has become an efficient and space-saving component choice in the design of heat exchange equipment.

[0101] Easy installation and maintenance: The design of the annular finned heat exchange tube 81 makes its installation and maintenance relatively simple, reducing the operating cost of the equipment.

[0102] c) This utility model adopts multiple cooling sections connected in series from bottom to top, which can be freely adjusted and combined according to cooling requirements; the upper and lower annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 in the cooling section are arranged in a crisscross pattern, so that the high-temperature slag / ash is cooled evenly and the heat transfer effect is good.

[0103] Because the particle size distribution of high-temperature slag / ash is uneven and the feed rate varies greatly, the cooling section of this utility model can adopt a modular manufacturing scheme, which can also reduce manufacturing costs. The upper and lower annular finned heat exchange tubes 81 are arranged in a crisscross pattern, similar to the function of a sieve structure. While cooling the high-temperature slag / ash, they can also redistribute the high-temperature slag / ash, thereby enhancing the heat transfer effect.

[0104] d) Since high-temperature slag / ash tends to accumulate in the center of the device when it enters the device through the high-temperature dust inlet 19, which is not conducive to dispersion and cooling, and is prone to forming "bridges" in the center and causing blockage, this utility model adopts a "ring-shaped sine wave" structure of the distributor 13, which can make the high-temperature slag / ash at the high-temperature dust inlet 19 evenly dispersed and enhance the cooling effect of high-temperature slag / ash.

[0105] After being cut along the central axis of the distributor 13, the annular sine wave plate 132 has a "sine wave" structure. At the same time, the annular sine wave plate 132 is covered with material leakage holes 133, which can promote the uniform distribution of high-temperature slag / ash inside the entire device, thereby enhancing the heat transfer effect and effectively cooling the high-temperature slag / ash.

[0106] e) This utility model has a blow pipe assembly 83 arranged at the top of each cooling section. Relying on the powerful compressed gas pulse, it blows back through the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe 834 to the cross pipe 833 inside the annular pipe 832, which can solve the problem of dust blockage caused by "bridging" online.

[0107] The properties of high-temperature slag / ash vary greatly. Some dust particles have good flowability, while others have poor flowability. Dust particles with poor flowability tend to accumulate on the annular finned heat exchange tube 81, causing blockage. Once localized material accumulation occurs, it not only worsens the cooling effect but, more importantly, prevents the entire device from operating continuously. This invention specifically solves this problem through the jet pipe assembly 83. On the one hand, the compressed gas pulse backflushing can break up the dust "bridging," ensuring unobstructed slag / ash discharge channels. On the other hand, the compressed gas can also promote the dispersion of high-temperature slag / ash and enhance cooling.

[0108] f) This invention uses a cooling jacket assembly to cool high-temperature slag / ash, ensuring that there are no dead zones in the cooling of high-temperature slag / ash.

[0109] The jacketed cone 6 and jacketed cylinder 10 are designed as an integrally connected container structure. On the one hand, this reduces the requirements for container materials under high-temperature conditions, allowing carbon steel container plates to replace high-temperature resistant stainless steel container plates, significantly reducing the overall cost of the equipment. On the other hand, it allows for thorough heat exchange and cooling of the high-temperature slag / ash, providing comprehensive cooling without any dead zones.

[0110] g) Since the cooling dust discharge port 1 may be blocked due to dust "bridging", this utility model sets a compressed gas cone inlet pipe 4 at the cone 5. The compressed gas cone inlet pipe 4 blows air to the cooling dust discharge port 1 through pulse jet blowing, which can ensure that the cooled slag / ash is discharged from the cooling dust discharge port 1 without blockage. It can solve the blockage problem caused by dust "bridging" online and ensure the stability of the entire device for long-term operation.

[0111] h) Currently, the feed inlet and outlet of slag / ash in drum-type slag coolers, vibratory slag coolers, and spiral slag coolers on the market all have a horizontal misalignment, which makes the connection between the device and upstream and downstream equipment complicated and reduces space utilization.

[0112] The high-temperature dust inlet 19 and the cooling dust discharge port 1 of this utility model are located on the same central axis, which makes the connection between upstream and downstream equipment simple and the space utilization rate high.

[0113] i) Although the device of this utility model is a static device (i.e., the main body has no moving parts), its failure rate is much lower than that of devices containing moving parts. However, due to the extremely complex feeding conditions of high-temperature slag / ash, and the extremely poor flowability of some slag / ash, once an operational error occurs, the high-temperature slag / ash may adhere to the inside of the device, causing a complete blockage inside the container. Therefore, in extreme cases, cleaning and maintenance of the inside of the container will be unavoidable. The top of the main body of the device of this utility model uses a container flange 14 to connect the end cap 16 and the cylinder 9, which facilitates the operator to enter the inside of the device for inspection and maintenance.

[0114] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the utility model. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature, pressurized operation, characterized in that: The device includes a cooling dust discharge port (1), a jacketed cone-shaped closed pipe (3), a compressed gas cone-shaped inlet pipe (4), a main body, a cooling jacket assembly, a cooling section, a jacket cylinder (10), a distributor (13), a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet, and a high-temperature dust inlet (19). The cooling jacket assembly is fitted onto the outside of the main body, and a cavity for circulating cooling water is left between the main body and the cooling jacket assembly. The cooling water inlet is located at the bottom side of the cooling jacket assembly and communicates with the cavity. The cooling water outlet is located at the top side of the cooling jacket assembly. The device is connected to the cavity; the cooling dust discharge port (1) is located at the lower end of the main body of the device and is connected to the main body of the device; the high temperature dust inlet (19) is located at the upper end of the main body of the device and is connected to the main body of the device; the compressed gas cone inlet pipe (4) passes through the cooling jacket assembly and is located on the bottom side of the main body of the device; the compressed gas cone inlet pipe (4) is connected to the main body of the device; the distributor (13) is located inside the main body of the device and below the high temperature dust inlet (19); several cooling sections are respectively located inside the main body of the device and below the distributor (13).

2. The zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature, pressurized conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the device includes a cone (5), a cylinder (9), and a head (16); the cylinder (9) has a cylindrical structure, the cone (5) has an inverted cone structure and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the cylinder (9), the head (16) is sealed to the upper end of the cylinder (9) through a container flange (14), the cooling dust discharge port (1) is installed at the lower end of the cone (5), the high temperature dust inlet (19) is installed at the upper end of the head (16), and the cooling dust discharge port (1), cone (5), cylinder (9), head (16), and high temperature dust inlet (19) are coaxially connected from bottom to top; the cooling jacket assembly is fitted on the outside of the cone (5), cylinder (9), and head (16); the distributor (13) and several cooling sections are respectively set inside the cylinder (9).

3. The zero-leakage high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature pressurized conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling jacket assembly includes a jacket cone (6), a jacket cylinder (10), and a jacket end cap (17); the jacket cone (6) is fitted over the outside of the cone (5), forming a first cavity between the jacket cone (6) and the cone (5); the jacket cylinder (10) is fitted over the outside of the cylinder (9), forming a second cavity between the jacket cylinder (10) and the cylinder (9); the jacket end cap (17) is fitted over the outside of the end cap (16), forming a third cavity for shared cooling water circulation between the jacket end cap (17) and the end cap (16). The lower end of the jacketed head (17) is closed and connected to the bottom outer wall of the head (16), and the upper end of the jacketed head (17) is closed and connected to the outer wall of the high temperature dust inlet (19); the upper end of the jacketed cone (6) is fixedly connected to the jacketed cylinder (10), so that the first cavity and the second cavity are connected to form a fourth cavity for cooling water circulation; the lower end of the jacketed cone (6) is closed and connected to the outer wall of the cooling dust discharge port (1), and the upper end of the jacketed cylinder (10) is closed and connected to the top outer wall of the cylinder (9).

4. The zero-leakage high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature pressurized conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third cavity has a head cooling water outlet (18) on one side of the top and a head cooling water inlet (15) on the other side of the bottom; the fourth cavity has a main cooling water inlet (2) on one side of the bottom and a main cooling water outlet (12) on the other side of the top; the gas cone inlet pipe (4) passes through the bottom of the fourth cavity through the jacketed cone sealing pipe (3) and communicates with the cone (5), and the gas cone inlet pipe (4) is set higher than the main cooling water inlet (2).

5. The zero-leakage high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature pressurized conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas cone inlet pipe (4) located inside the cone (5) is bent downward to form an elbow, with the elbow pointing downward toward the center of the cooling dust discharge port (1).

6. The zero-leakage high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature pressurized conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each cooling section includes an annular finned heat exchange tube (81), a jacketed cylinder sealing tube (82), and a jet pipe assembly (83). Several annular finned heat exchange tubes (81) are arranged in parallel at intervals to form a heat exchange layer. Several heat exchange layers are arranged at intervals in the cylinder (9), and the axial directions of the annular finned heat exchange tubes (81) in adjacent heat exchange layers are perpendicular to each other. The two ends of the annular finned heat exchange tubes (81) pass through the cylinder (9) and are connected and fixed to the outer wall of the cylinder (9). Cooling water circulates inside the annular finned heat exchange tubes (81). The jet pipe assembly (83) is installed above the uppermost heat exchange layer. The air inlet end of the jet pipe assembly (83) is sealed and penetrates to the outside of the cylinder (9) and the jacketed cylinder (10) through the jacketed cylinder sealing tube (82).

7. The zero-leakage high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature pressurized conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tube spacing L of the annular finned heat exchange tube (81) is 3 to 6 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tube (81), and the interlayer spacing h of the heat exchange layer is 4 to 8 times the tube diameter d1 of the annular finned heat exchange tube (81); the end of each annular finned heat exchange tube (81) extends 10 mm to the outside of the cylinder (9).

8. The zero-leakage high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature pressurized conditions according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: Each of the aforementioned annular finned heat exchange tubes (81) includes a steel tube (811) and annular fins (812). The annular fins (812) have an annular structure. The inner ring of the annular fins (812) is fixed to the steel tube (811) and is fixedly connected to the steel tube (811). The outer ring of the annular fins (812) extends outward along the radial direction of the steel tube (811). Several annular fins (812) are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the steel tube (811). The annular fin (812) is an annular thin sheet structure with a thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm. The outer diameter d2 of the annular fin (812) is 1.5 to 3.0 × tube diameter d1. Adjacent annular fins (812) are arranged at equal intervals with a spacing S of 1.0 to 0.03 × tube diameter d1.

9. The zero-leakage high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature pressurized conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The jet pipe assembly (83) includes a fixed short pipe (831), an annular pipe (832), a cross pipe (833), a compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe (834), and a nozzle (835); the cross pipe (833) is embedded in the annular pipe (832) and communicates with it; one end of the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe (834) is butt-welded to the annular pipe (832) and the cross pipe (833); the annular pipe (832), the cross pipe (833), and the compressed gas cylinder... The inlet pipe (834) of the compressed gas cylinder is located in the same plane. The other end of the compressed gas cylinder inlet pipe (834) serves as the air inlet of the jet pipe assembly (83). It is sealed and penetrates to the outside of the cylinder (9) and the jacket cylinder (10) through the jacket cylinder sealing pipe (82). Several nozzles (835) are evenly distributed on the side of the annular pipe (832) and the cross pipe (833) facing the heat exchange layer. The annular pipe (832) is connected and fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder (9) through several fixed short pipes (831). The ratio of the diameter of the nozzle (835) to the diameter of the steel pipe (811) is d0 / d1 = 0.2 to 0.

6.

10. The zero-leakage, high-efficiency cold slag / ash device for high-temperature, pressurized conditions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The material feeder (13) includes a fixing rib (131), an annular sine wave plate (132), and a material drop hole (133). After being cut along the central axis of the material feeder (13), the annular sine wave plate (132) has a sine wave structure, and several material drop holes (133) are evenly distributed on the annular sine wave plate (132). Several fixing ribs (131) are evenly distributed around the annular sine wave plate (132) and welded to the inner wall of the cylinder (9). The diameter of the material discharge hole (133) is 16mm to 40mm.

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