Formaldehyde production reactor explosion-proof emergency cooling device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of chemical production safety equipment discloses a kind of formaldehyde production reaction kettle explosion-proof emergency cooling device, including coolant storage tank, emergency trigger system, distributed spray system and control system, the coolant storage tank is communicated with the distributed spray system by main pipeline;The emergency trigger system includes temperature sensor and pressure sensor, and emergency shut-off valve and emergency start valve are arranged on the main pipeline;The distributed spray system includes the upper annular spray pipe being set on the upper portion of reaction kettle outer wall and the lower annular spray pipe being set around the lower portion of reaction kettle outer wall, and the upper annular spray pipe and lower annular spray pipe are all provided with multiple atomizing nozzles towards reaction kettle wall.This kind of formaldehyde production reaction kettle explosion-proof emergency cooling device, by atomizing nozzle direct spraying on the high-temperature reaction kettle outer wall, effectively improve cooling speed and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of safety equipment in chemical production, and in particular to an explosion-proof emergency cooling device for a formaldehyde production reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Formaldehyde production is a typical strongly exothermic oxidation reaction in which methanol and air (oxygen) react under the action of a catalyst to produce formaldehyde. Due to the strongly exothermic nature of this reaction, temperature changes during the reaction process have a significant impact on the reaction rate and the result. If the reaction temperature is not effectively controlled, the reaction process may get out of control, leading to a sharp rise in temperature. This temperature rise will not only deactivate the catalyst, severely affecting the formaldehyde yield, but may also trigger a series of adverse consequences. Under high temperature conditions, reactants and products may undergo violent decomposition reactions, further exacerbating the instability of the reaction system. At this time, the pressure inside the reactor will increase rapidly, and in severe cases, it may even lead to equipment explosion, causing serious safety accidents.

[0003] In existing technologies, the cooling of reactors mainly relies on jacket cooling or coil cooling. These two common cooling methods have significant limitations in emergency situations. Slow cooling speed is a prominent problem. Because the heat exchange area between the jacket or coil and the material inside the reactor is relatively small, and heat exchange usually requires an intermediate medium (such as water), the thermal resistance is high, the response speed is slow, and it cannot effectively cope with sudden temperature rises and pressure increases. The cooling effect is prone to unevenness, and local high-temperature areas may appear inside the reactor. Traditional cooling methods cannot quickly and accurately cool these hot spots effectively, thus failing to guarantee the safety and stability of the reaction process. These cooling systems usually rely on external power equipment, such as circulating water pumps. Once the power system fails or the equipment malfunctions, the entire emergency cooling system may fail, causing the cooling function to fail to start in time, thereby increasing the risk of accidents. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the aforementioned problem of slow cooling speed in existing systems, this utility model is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactors, which aims to improve the cooling speed and efficiency by directly spraying the device onto the high-temperature outer wall of the reactor through atomizing nozzles.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an explosion-proof emergency cooling device for a formaldehyde production reactor, comprising a coolant storage tank, an emergency triggering system, a distributed spraying system and a control system, wherein the coolant storage tank is connected to the distributed spraying system through a main pipeline; The emergency triggering system includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, as well as an emergency shut-off valve and an emergency start valve installed on the main pipeline; The distributed spraying system includes an upper annular spray pipe arranged around the upper part of the outer wall of the reactor and a lower annular spray pipe arranged around the lower part of the outer wall of the reactor. Both the upper annular spray pipe and the lower annular spray pipe are provided with multiple atomizing nozzles facing the reactor wall. The control system is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, emergency shut-off valve, and emergency start valve.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the formaldehyde production reactor explosion-proof emergency cooling device of this utility model, the coolant storage tank is filled with liquid carbon dioxide or fluorinated hydrocarbon coolant, and the coolant storage tank is equipped with a pressure inlet and a safety pressure relief valve.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the formaldehyde production reactor explosion-proof emergency cooling device of this utility model, a manual bypass valve is also provided on the main pipeline, which is connected in parallel with the emergency start valve.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the formaldehyde production reactor explosion-proof emergency cooling device of this utility model, the atomizing nozzle on the upper annular nozzle is inclined downwards, and the atomizing nozzle on the lower annular nozzle is inclined upwards.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the formaldehyde production reactor explosion-proof emergency cooling device of this utility model, the atomizing nozzle is a high-temperature resistant ceramic nozzle or an alloy steel nozzle, and its nozzle diameter is 0.1mm to 0.5mm.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the formaldehyde production reactor explosion-proof emergency cooling device of this utility model, it further includes a liquid collection hood, which is fixed to the bottom periphery of the reactor and is used to collect and guide the unvaporized coolant.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the formaldehyde production reactor explosion-proof emergency cooling device of this utility model, the control system is a PLC or a single-chip microcomputer controller, which has preset temperature threshold and pressure threshold. When the monitored value of the temperature sensor or pressure sensor exceeds the preset threshold, the control system controls the emergency shut-off valve to close and simultaneously controls the emergency start valve to open.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This utility model uses a high-pressure stored, easily vaporized coolant, which is directly sprayed onto the outer wall of a high-temperature reactor through an atomizing nozzle. The coolant instantly absorbs heat and vaporizes, carrying away a large amount of heat, thus effectively improving the cooling speed and efficiency.

[0014] 2. This invention achieves fully automatic emergency response through dual monitoring by temperature and pressure sensors, and automatic judgment and triggering of cooling actions by the control system, avoiding accidents caused by delays due to human operation. Simultaneously, the manual bypass valve provides redundant control, further improving reliability.

[0015] 3. This utility model, through the upper and lower annular spray pipes and the optimized design of the nozzle angle, forms a three-dimensional covering spray for the main body of the reactor, avoiding cooling dead zones, effectively eliminating local hot spots, and preventing accidents caused by local overheating. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the explosion-proof emergency cooling device for the formaldehyde production reactor of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distributed spraying system structure of the formaldehyde production reactor explosion-proof emergency cooling device of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main pipeline structure of the explosion-proof emergency cooling device for the formaldehyde production reactor of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid collection hood structure of the explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactor of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the external overall structure of the explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactor of this utility model.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Coolant storage tank; 11. Main pipeline; 12. Emergency shut-off valve; 13. Emergency start valve; 14. Pressurization port; 15. Safety relief valve; 16. Manual bypass valve; 2. Emergency triggering system; 21. Temperature sensor; 22. Pressure sensor; 3. Distributed spraying system; 31. Upper annular nozzle; 32. Lower annular nozzle; 33. Atomizing nozzle; 4. Control system; 5. Reactor; 6. Liquid collection hood. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0019] Reference Figures 1-3 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides an explosion-proof emergency cooling device for a formaldehyde production reactor. The explosion-proof emergency cooling device for a formaldehyde production reactor includes a coolant storage tank 1, an emergency triggering system 2, a distributed spraying system 3 and a control system 4. The coolant storage tank 1 is connected to the distributed spraying system 3 through a main pipeline 11. The emergency triggering system 2 includes a temperature sensor 21 and a pressure sensor 22. By monitoring dual physical parameters, the system improves the accuracy and reliability of identifying abnormal operating conditions. The valve is installed on the main pipeline to directly control the flow of coolant, with a direct response and rapid action. The system also includes an emergency shut-off valve 12 and an emergency start valve 13 installed on the main pipeline 11. The distributed spraying system 3 includes an upper annular spray pipe 31 arranged around the upper part of the outer wall of the reactor 5 and a lower annular spray pipe 32 arranged around the lower part of the outer wall of the reactor 5. Both the upper annular spray pipe 31 and the lower annular spray pipe 32 are equipped with multiple atomizing nozzles 33 facing the wall of the reactor 5. By adopting the layout of the upper and lower annular spray pipes surrounding the reactor and combining multiple atomizing nozzles, a three-dimensional and full-coverage cooling of the outer wall of the reactor is achieved, avoiding the problem of thermal stress concentration caused by uneven local cooling, ensuring a rapid and uniform cooling effect, and more effectively suppressing the reaction inside the reactor. The control system 4 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 21, pressure sensor 22, emergency shut-off valve 12, and emergency start valve 13, ensuring that the monitoring signals can be processed in a timely manner and converted into accurate execution commands.

[0020] The coolant storage tank 1 is filled with liquid carbon dioxide or fluorinated hydrocarbon coolant. The coolant storage tank 1 is equipped with a pressurization port 14 and a safety relief valve 15. Liquid carbon dioxide or fluorinated hydrocarbon coolant is specified. These substances have a large latent heat of vaporization, can quickly absorb a large amount of heat, and usually have safety characteristics such as non-flammability and inertness, making them very suitable as emergency cooling media. The pressurization port is used to maintain the liquid state of the coolant and the jet power, while the safety relief valve ensures the safety of the storage tank itself and prevents the risk of overpressure.

[0021] A manual bypass valve 16 is also installed on the main pipeline 11. The manual bypass valve 16 is connected in parallel with the emergency start valve 13, which increases the redundancy and reliability of the system, ensuring that manual intervention can still be carried out in extreme cases to start the cooling process, thereby improving the safety level of the entire device.

[0022] The atomizing nozzle 33 on the upper annular nozzle 31 is set to tilt downwards, and the atomizing nozzle 33 on the lower annular nozzle 32 is set to tilt upwards. The nozzles of the upper and lower nozzles are set to tilt in opposite directions, so that the sprayed coolant can better cover the vertical wall of the reactor, forming a cross-spraying effect, further reducing the cooling dead angle, and improving the contact efficiency and coverage uniformity of the coolant and the reactor wall.

[0023] The atomizing nozzle 33 is a high-temperature resistant ceramic nozzle or an alloy steel nozzle with a nozzle diameter of 0.1mm to 0.5mm. The high-temperature resistant ceramic or alloy steel material ensures that the nozzle can work normally in high-temperature environments and is not easily damaged. The fine nozzle diameter can produce extremely fine coolant droplets, which increases the contact area with the reactor wall, making the phase change heat absorption process more rapid and intense, thereby greatly improving the cooling efficiency. Example 2

[0024] Reference Figures 1-5 This is the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that it also includes a liquid collection hood 6, which is fixed to the bottom periphery of the reactor 5. It is used to collect and guide the unvaporized coolant. The addition of the liquid collection hood structure helps to collect the incompletely vaporized coolant liquid, which helps to keep the working environment clean and prevents secondary problems such as corrosion and slipping that may be caused by the random flow of coolant.

[0025] The control system 4 is a PLC or microcontroller controller, which has preset temperature threshold and pressure threshold. When the monitored value of temperature sensor 21 or pressure sensor 22 exceeds the preset threshold, the control system 4 controls the emergency shut-off valve 12 to close and simultaneously controls the emergency start valve 13 to open.

[0026] The remaining structure is the same as that in Example 1.

[0027] Based on embodiments 1-2, the working principle of this utility model is as follows: By monitoring the temperature and pressure of the reactor in real time, the control system automatically triggers valve switching when limits are exceeded, delivering the high-pressure liquid coolant from the storage tank to the annular nozzle surrounding the reactor wall, and then evenly spraying it onto the surface of the reactor through atomizing nozzles. The tiny droplets of coolant rapidly vaporize and undergo a phase change upon contact with the high-temperature reactor wall, absorbing a large amount of heat, thereby achieving rapid, uniform, and efficient forced cooling of the reactor, ultimately inhibiting the chemical reaction, reducing internal pressure, and fundamentally preventing explosions.

[0028] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof emergency cooling device for a formaldehyde production reactor, comprising a coolant storage tank (1), an emergency triggering system (2), a distributed spraying system (3), and a control system (4), characterized in that: The coolant storage tank (1) is connected to the distributed spraying system (3) via a main pipeline (11); The emergency triggering system (2) includes a temperature sensor (21) and a pressure sensor (22), as well as an emergency shut-off valve (12) and an emergency start valve (13) installed on the main pipeline (11). The distributed spraying system (3) includes an upper annular spray pipe (31) arranged around the upper part of the outer wall of the reactor (5) and a lower annular spray pipe (32) arranged around the lower part of the outer wall of the reactor (5). Both the upper annular spray pipe (31) and the lower annular spray pipe (32) are provided with a plurality of atomizing nozzles (33) facing the wall of the reactor (5). The control system (4) is electrically connected to the temperature sensor (21), pressure sensor (22), emergency shut-off valve (12), and emergency start valve (13).

2. The explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coolant storage tank (1) is filled with liquid carbon dioxide or fluorinated hydrocarbon coolant, and the coolant storage tank (1) is equipped with a pressurization port (14) and a safety pressure relief valve (15).

3. The explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A manual bypass valve (16) is also provided on the main pipeline (11), which is connected in parallel with the emergency start valve (13).

4. The explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomizing nozzle (33) on the upper annular nozzle (31) is inclined downwards, and the atomizing nozzle (33) on the lower annular nozzle (32) is inclined upwards.

5. The explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomizing nozzle (33) is a high-temperature resistant ceramic nozzle or an alloy steel nozzle, and its nozzle diameter is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

6. The explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid collection hood (6), which is fixed to the bottom periphery of the reactor (5) for collecting and guiding unvaporized coolant.

7. The explosion-proof emergency cooling device for formaldehyde production reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system (4) is a PLC or microcontroller controller, which has preset temperature threshold and pressure threshold. When the monitored value of the temperature sensor (21) or pressure sensor (22) exceeds the preset threshold, the control system (4) controls the emergency shut-off valve (12) to close and simultaneously controls the emergency start valve (13) to open.

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