Multilayer porous coaxiality high-precision measuring tool

Abstract

The utility model belongs to mechanical measurement technical field, specifically disclose a kind of multilayer multi-hole coaxiality high-precision measurement tool, solve the problem of big, narrow range, low efficiency, poor adaptability of traditional mandrel+plug gauge measurement error.Working tool includes reference shaft, sleeve, table clamp fixed rod, table clamp and measuring table: reference shaft outer circle A adaptation upper ring plate opening (diameter is small 0.08-0.10mm), outer circle B and sleeve small gap (0.02-0.035mm) cooperation;Measuring table is by table clamp and is installed in sleeve, and can measure ring plate hole circumferential runout.Reference shaft is calibrated, and sleeve moves / rotates, measures middle lower section hole deviation, projects hole center to the same plane, and the minimum circle diameter of three points contained is calculated as coaxiality;Remote table can be connected with computer real-time monitoring.The utility model measures dead angle, lower layer hole big does not influence precision, and measurement efficiency is high, precision is excellent, reduce labor intensity, applicable to multilayer ring plate multi-hole coaxiality detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical measurement technology, and in particular to a high-precision measuring fixture for multi-layer, multi-hole coaxiality. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing and assembly of mechanical equipment, some equipment consists of a multi-layered ring plate structure and multiple precision components embedded within it. Each ring plate has more than ten openings, which are used to limit and fix the ring-arranged precision components. For example, multiple heat exchangers are arranged inside a pressure vessel. Due to the narrow gaps between the components and the openings in the ring plates, the coaxiality of the openings on each ring plate layer is extremely important. Furthermore, the shapes of the openings differ between ring plates; the top ring plate openings are circular, while the openings in the remaining ring plates are only partially symmetrical arcs, with the rest being irregular shapes. To ensure the smooth assembly of the ring-arranged precision components, the coaxiality of the openings on the multi-layered ring plates needs to be measured, and the positional accuracy of the three ring plates adjusted based on the measurement results. In the past, a simulated mandrel with the same dimensions as the precision component was inserted into the opening of the ring plate. Using the opening of the uppermost ring plate as a reference, the gap between the mandrel and the wall of the holes of other supporting ring plates was measured with a feeler gauge. Based on the gap difference between symmetrical measuring points, the offset value between the axis of the hole and the axis of the mandrel was obtained. Then, based on the same principle, the offset value between the axis of the other openings of the ring plate and the axis of the mandrel was measured, and the coaxiality between the corresponding ring plate and the uppermost ring plate was calculated.

[0003] However, this traditional measurement method has many drawbacks:

[0004] 1. Since the gap between the mandrel and the opening of the support ring plate is annular, when the gap between the mandrel and the opening is large, the measurement error will increase significantly, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision measurement.

[0005] 2. The measurement range is limited, only allowing measurement at the ends of the annular plate holes; the middle sections of the annular plate holes cannot be measured conveniently. Furthermore, due to obstruction from other internal components, inserting the plug is difficult in many areas, making effective measurement not possible at all annular plate hole ends.

[0006] 3. The measurement work is extensive and time-consuming, especially when the gap is large. It is necessary to change the thickness and number of feeler gauges multiple times to accurately measure the gap. At the same time, the tightness of the feeler gauge insertion during the measurement process is greatly affected by the subjective factors of the personnel, and the measurement accuracy is highly dependent on the professional skills and operating experience of the measurement personnel.

[0007] 4. Due to the inability to perform omnidirectional measurements, only four symmetrical points can be measured when measuring the clearance of a single hole mandrel. The clearance difference between two symmetrical points is calculated separately, and then the root mean square of the two clearance differences is used to calculate the maximum deviation between the hole and the mandrel center, thus determining the location of the maximum deviation. Afterwards, based on the coaxiality deviation of the corresponding openings in each ring plate, the orientation of other ring plates is fine-tuned using the uppermost ring plate as a reference to ensure that the coaxiality between the openings in each ring plate meets the requirements. After fine-tuning, the mandrel needs to be reinstalled for clearance re-measurement. Because multiple ring plates are involved, the holes in each ring plate need to be measured repeatedly, resulting in a huge workload for coaxiality conversion and making the ring plate orientation adjustment quite difficult.

[0008] 5. When the diameter of the opening in the lower ring plate is larger than that in the upper ring plate in a multi-layer ring plate, the mandrel cannot be designed with a larger diameter in the lower section and a smaller diameter in the upper section. This will inevitably result in an excessive gap between the opening in the lower ring plate and the mandrel, which will greatly increase the difficulty of measurement and seriously affect the measurement accuracy and efficiency.

[0009] Given the shortcomings of the traditional measurement methods mentioned above, there is an urgent need to develop a new multi-layer, multi-hole coaxiality measurement fixture and method to solve the problems of low measurement accuracy, low efficiency, and high labor intensity in the existing technology. Utility Model Content

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of low accuracy, low efficiency, and high labor intensity in the measurement of multi-layer ring plate coaxiality in the prior art, and to provide a high-precision measuring fixture for multi-layer ring plate coaxiality, so as to improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency of multi-layer ring plate coaxiality and reduce the labor intensity of workers.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0012] A multi-layered, multi-hole coaxiality high-precision measuring fixture includes a reference shaft, a rotating sleeve, a gauge clamp fixing rod, a gauge clamp, and a measuring gauge.

[0013] The reference shaft comprises outer circles A and B, arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The diameter of outer circle A matches the diameter of the opening in the upper ring plate, and the outer diameter of outer circle A is 0.08-0.10 mm smaller than the diameter of the opening in the upper ring plate. This dimensional design ensures that the reference shaft can be smoothly installed into the opening in the upper ring plate while also ensuring a suitable fit clearance between the reference shaft and the opening in the upper ring plate, laying the foundation for subsequent accurate measurements. Outer circle B is used to install the rotating sleeve. The diameter of outer circle B must meet the rigidity requirements to avoid deformation that would affect the accuracy of the measurement during use, ensuring the stability and reliability of the reference shaft during measurement.

[0014] The inner hole of the swivel sleeve and the outer circle B are fitted with a small clearance, with a clearance of 0.02-0.035mm. If the clearance is too large, the swivel of the swivel sleeve on the reference axis will increase, thus affecting the measurement accuracy; if the clearance is too small, it will make the assembly of the swivel sleeve difficult and not conducive to practical operation. The selection of this clearance range can effectively control the swivel of the swivel sleeve while ensuring ease of assembly, thus ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0015] The gauge clamp fixing rod is fixed to the rotating sleeve, the gauge clamp is mounted on the gauge clamp fixing rod, and the measuring instrument is mounted on the gauge clamp. The measuring instrument's needle is used to press against the surface of the ring plate opening to detect the circumferential runout of the ring plate opening. Through the cooperation of the gauge clamp fixing rod and the gauge clamp, the measuring instrument can be stably installed on the rotating sleeve, ensuring the stability of the measuring instrument's position during the measurement process, thereby guaranteeing the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0016] The outer circles A and B of the reference axis are perpendicular to the plane C, and the outer circles A and B are coaxial. The high precision requirements of perpendicularity and coaxiality ensure the accuracy of the reference axis itself, avoid the introduction of additional measurement errors due to insufficient accuracy of the reference axis itself, and further improve the measurement accuracy of the overall measuring fixture.

[0017] Preferably, the measuring instrument can be a dial indicator or a micrometer. Dial indicators have the characteristics of high measurement accuracy and convenient reading, and are suitable for scenarios where the measurement accuracy requirements are general; micrometers have even higher measurement accuracy and can meet the needs of higher precision measurement. Users can choose the appropriate type of measuring instrument according to the actual measurement accuracy requirements.

[0018] Preferably, the measuring instrument can also be a remote transmission measuring instrument, which is connected to a data transmission cable for connecting to a computer to remotely read or monitor the measurement results. When using a remote transmission measuring instrument, operators do not need to operate and read data close to the device; they can obtain measurement data remotely via computer from outside the device. This not only improves operational convenience but also effectively avoids the influence of the complex environment inside the device on operators. Furthermore, it facilitates real-time monitoring and recording of measurement data, providing convenience for subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0019] Preferably, the measuring fixture also includes an operating lever, which is mounted on the rotating sleeve and used to drive the rotating sleeve to rotate or move up and down. The operating lever allows the operator to easily control the movement of the rotating sleeve, enabling the rotating sleeve to accurately rotate or move to a designated position according to measurement requirements, thereby improving the convenience and accuracy of the measurement operation.

[0020] Preferably, the measuring fixture also includes a baffle plate located at the bottom of the reference axis to limit the rotation sleeve and prevent it from slipping off the bottom of the reference axis. During the measurement process, the rotation sleeve needs to move up and down. The baffle plate effectively prevents the rotation sleeve from slipping off the bottom of the reference axis due to excessive movement, ensuring the safety and continuity of the measurement process.

[0021] The multi-layer, multi-hole coaxiality high-precision measuring fixture and method of this utility model have the following beneficial effects:

[0022] High measurement accuracy: Using a reference axis as the measurement benchmark, the circumferential runout of the ring plate opening is detected by a measuring instrument. This allows for a direct and accurate acquisition of the radial offset between the ring plate opening axis and the reference axis, thus enabling precise calculation of the coaxiality of the corresponding openings in the multi-layer ring plate. Furthermore, the high-precision design of the reference axis (good perpendicularity between outer circles A and B and plane C, and good coaxiality between outer circles A and B) and the small-clearance fit between the rotating sleeve and the reference axis further ensure measurement accuracy.

[0023] High measurement efficiency: The rotating sleeve, driving the measuring instrument, enables comprehensive measurement of the circumference and height of the opening in the ring plate without blind spots, avoiding the limited measurement range of traditional feeler gauges and reducing repetitive measurement work caused by blind spots. Furthermore, if a remote transmission measuring instrument is used, measurement results can be read and monitored remotely, eliminating the need for personnel to repeatedly operate and read data inside the device, significantly improving measurement efficiency.

[0024] Wide range of applications: Since the diameter of the lower section (outer circle B) of the reference shaft is small, as long as there is space in the opening of the ring plate to install the measuring instrument, the measuring fixture and method can be used. Even if the diameter of the lower ring plate opening is larger than that of the upper ring plate opening, it will not affect the measurement accuracy and efficiency, effectively solving the problem of limited applicability in traditional measurement methods.

[0025] Easy to operate and low labor intensity: The rotation and movement of the rotating sleeve can be controlled by the operating lever, making operation simple and convenient. At the same time, it reduces the work of frequently changing the stopper, repeated measurements and complex calculations in traditional measurement methods, thus reducing the labor intensity of the staff. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-layer, multi-hole, high-precision coaxiality measuring fixture of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the measuring fixture of this utility model in the measurement of multi-layer ring plates;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the center projection and coaxiality calculation of the opening of the multi-layer ring plate of this utility model;

[0029] Wherein: 1-Reference axis; 11-Outer circle A; 12-Outer circle B; 13-Plane C; 2-Swivel sleeve; 3-Dial clamp fixing rod; 4-Dial clamp; 5-Measuring dial indicator; 6-Operating lever; 7-Baffle; 8-Upper ring plate; 9-Middle ring plate; 10-Lower ring plate; 20-Measuring fixture; O-Origin; M-Projection point of the center of the opening in the middle ring plate; F-Projection point of the center of the opening in the lower ring plate. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-layer multi-hole coaxiality high-precision measuring fixture of this utility model includes a reference shaft 1, a rotating sleeve 2, a gauge clamp fixing rod 3, a gauge clamp 4, and a measuring gauge 5.

[0033] The reference shaft 1 includes an outer circle A11 and an outer circle B12 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The diameter of the outer circle A11 is adapted to the diameter of the opening in the upper ring plate 8. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the outer circle A11 is 0.09 mm smaller than the diameter of the opening in the upper ring plate 8. The outer circle B12 is used to install the rotating sleeve 2. The diameter of the outer circle B12 is designed according to the stiffness requirements. After calculation and experimental verification, the diameter of the outer circle B12 in this embodiment is determined to be 50 mm, which can meet the stiffness requirements of deformation without affecting the accuracy of measurement during use.

[0034] The inner hole of the rotating sleeve 2 and the outer circle B12 are fitted with a small clearance. In this embodiment, the clearance is 0.03mm. This clearance ensures that the rotating sleeve 2 can be smoothly assembled onto the outer circle B12 of the reference shaft 1, and effectively controls the shaking of the rotating sleeve 2 on the reference shaft 1, thus ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0035] The gauge clamp fixing rod 3 is fixed to the rotating sleeve 2 by welding. The gauge clamp 4 is installed on the gauge clamp fixing rod 3 by bolts. The measuring gauge 5 is installed on the gauge clamp 4. In this embodiment, the measuring gauge 5 is a dial indicator. The dial indicator needle is used to press against the surface of the ring plate opening to detect the circumferential runout of the ring plate opening.

[0036] The perpendicularity error between the outer circles A11 and B12 of the reference shaft 1 and the plane C13 is controlled within 0.002mm, and the coaxiality error between the outer circles A11 and B12 is controlled within 0.003mm, so as to ensure the high precision of the reference shaft 1 itself and provide a reliable reference for accurate measurement.

[0037] In addition, the measuring fixture also includes an operating lever 6 and a baffle 7. The operating lever 6 is installed on the rotating sleeve 2 by means of a threaded connection, and is used to drive the rotating sleeve 2 to rotate or move up and down. The baffle 7 is fixed to the bottom of the reference shaft 1 by bolts, and is used to limit the rotating sleeve 2 to prevent the rotating sleeve 2 from slipping off the bottom of the reference shaft 1.

[0038] The method for measuring the coaxiality of multiple layers and holes using the above-mentioned measuring fixture includes the following steps:

[0039] S1: The measuring personnel enter the operating platform inside the device and use a lint-free cloth dipped in special cleaning agent to wipe and clean the relevant planes and channels to ensure that there are no impurities or oil residues on the planes and channels.

[0040] S2: Use a special lifting tool to lift the reference shaft 1, which has been fitted with the rotating sleeve 2, into the first ring plate opening of the upper ring plate 8. A rubber buffer pad is provided at the connection between the special lifting tool and the reference shaft 1 to reduce the impact on the reference shaft 1 during the lifting process.

[0041] S3: Check the gap between the outer circle A11 of the reference shaft 1 and the opening of the upper ring plate 8 using a feeler gauge. Adjust the position of the reference shaft 1 according to the gap. Align the outer circle A11 of the reference shaft 1 with the opening of the upper ring plate 8 so that the coaxiality between the outer circle A11 and the opening of the upper ring plate 8 is no greater than 0.005mm.

[0042] S4: Install the dial indicator and operating lever 6 on the rotating sleeve 2, ensuring that the dial indicator and operating lever 6 are firmly installed and without any looseness.

[0043] S5: Move the rotating sleeve 2 to the position of the middle ring plate 9 using the operating lever 6. During measurement, ensure the rotating sleeve 2 is pressed tightly against one side of the reference shaft 1 to reduce measurement error. Then, rotate or move the rotating sleeve 2 up and down until the dial indicator needle touches the corresponding opening surface of the middle ring plate 9. Observe the dial indicator reading and record the maximum deviation of the two symmetrical measurement points and the positions of the two symmetrical points with the largest deviation. Calculate the eccentric position of the center of the corresponding opening on the middle ring plate 9 relative to the reference shaft 1 based on the maximum deviation. That is, the offset of the center of the corresponding opening on the middle ring plate 9 relative to the measuring axis is 1 / 2 of the maximum deviation of the two symmetrical measurement points.

[0044] S6: Using the method in step S5, move the rotating sleeve 2 to the position of the lower ring plate 10 by operating the lever 6, measure the corresponding opening of the lower ring plate 10, record the relevant data, and calculate the eccentric position of the center of the corresponding opening of the lower ring plate 10 relative to the reference axis 1.

[0045] S7: Calculate the coaxiality. Project the centers of the corresponding openings of the middle ring plate 9 and the lower ring plate 10, respectively, onto the same vertical plane perpendicular to the reference axis 1, and record them as points M and F. The intersection of the axis of the reference axis 1 and the vertical plane is the origin point O. Draw the smallest circle that encloses points M, F, and O. After measurement and calculation, in this embodiment, triangle MOF is an acute triangle, and the diameter of the circumcircle of this triangle is the coaxiality of the precision equipment mounting holes of the three-layer ring plate.

[0046] S8: Repeat steps S2-S7 to check the coaxiality of the mounting holes of the three-layer ring plates in other groups, and complete the coaxiality measurement of all ring plate openings.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the measuring instrument 5 is a remote transmission dial indicator, which is connected to a data transmission cable that is connected to a computer. In step S4, the data transmission cable of the remote transmission dial indicator is connected to the computer. During the measurement process in steps S5 and S6, the operator can remotely read and monitor the measurement results of the dial indicator from outside the device via a computer, without needing to enter the device for close-range readings. This further improves the convenience and safety of operation, and also facilitates real-time recording and storage of measurement data, providing convenience for subsequent data analysis and traceability.

[0049] This utility model presents a high-precision measuring fixture and method for multi-layer multi-hole coaxiality. Through reasonable structural design and scientific measurement steps, it effectively solves the problems of low measurement accuracy, low efficiency, high labor intensity, and narrow applicability in traditional measurement methods. It can meet the needs of high-precision measurement of multi-layer ring plate coaxiality and has broad application prospects.

[0050] By adopting the above-disclosed technical solution of this utility model, the following beneficial effects are obtained:

[0051] High measurement accuracy: Using a reference axis as the measurement benchmark, the circumferential runout of the ring plate opening is detected by a measuring instrument. This allows for a direct and accurate acquisition of the radial offset between the ring plate opening axis and the reference axis, thus enabling precise calculation of the coaxiality of the corresponding openings in the multi-layer ring plate. Furthermore, the high-precision design of the reference axis (good perpendicularity between outer circles A and B and plane C, and good coaxiality between outer circles A and B) and the small-clearance fit between the rotating sleeve and the reference axis further ensure measurement accuracy.

[0052] High measurement efficiency: The rotating sleeve, driving the measuring instrument, enables comprehensive measurement of the circumference and height of the opening in the ring plate without blind spots, avoiding the limited measurement range of traditional feeler gauges and reducing repetitive measurement work caused by blind spots. Furthermore, if a remote transmission measuring instrument is used, measurement results can be read and monitored remotely, eliminating the need for personnel to repeatedly operate and read data inside the device, significantly improving measurement efficiency.

[0053] Wide range of applications: Since the diameter of the lower section (outer circle B) of the reference shaft is small, as long as there is space in the opening of the ring plate to install the measuring instrument, the measuring fixture and method can be used. Even if the diameter of the lower ring plate opening is larger than that of the upper ring plate opening, it will not affect the measurement accuracy and efficiency, effectively solving the problem of limited applicability in traditional measurement methods.

[0054] Easy to operate and low labor intensity: The rotation and movement of the rotating sleeve can be controlled by the operating lever, making operation simple and convenient. At the same time, it reduces the work of frequently changing the stopper, repeated measurements and complex calculations in traditional measurement methods, thus reducing the labor intensity of the staff.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A high-precision measuring fixture for multi-layer, multi-hole coaxiality, characterized in that, Includes a reference axis, a rotating sleeve, a gauge clamp fixing rod, a gauge clamp, and a measuring gauge; The reference shaft includes an outer circle A and an outer circle B arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The diameter of the outer circle A is adapted to the diameter of the opening in the upper ring plate, and the outer diameter of the outer circle A is 0.08-0.10 mm smaller than the diameter of the opening in the upper ring plate. The outer circle B is used to install the rotating sleeve, and the diameter of the outer circle B meets the rigidity requirements to avoid deformation that affects the measurement accuracy during use. The inner hole of the rotating sleeve and the outer circle B are fitted with a small clearance, with a clearance of 0.02-0.035mm; the gauge clamp fixing rod is fixed on the rotating sleeve, the gauge clamp is installed on the gauge clamp fixing rod, the measuring gauge is installed on the gauge clamp, and the gauge needle of the measuring gauge is used to press against the surface of the ring plate opening to detect the circumferential runout of the ring plate opening; The outer circles A and B of the reference axis are perpendicular to the plane C, and the outer circles A and B are coaxial.

2. The multi-layer, multi-hole, high-precision coaxiality measuring fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measuring instrument is a dial indicator or a per mille indicator.

3. The multi-layer, multi-hole, high-precision coaxiality measuring fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measuring instrument is a remote transmission measuring instrument, which is connected to a data transmission cable for connecting to a computer to remotely read or monitor the measurement results.

4. The multi-layer, multi-hole, high-precision coaxiality measuring fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an operating lever, which is mounted on the rotating sleeve and is used to drive the rotating sleeve to rotate or move up and down.

5. The multi-layer, multi-hole, high-precision coaxiality measuring fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a baffle plate disposed at the bottom of the reference shaft to limit the rotating sleeve and prevent the rotating sleeve from slipping off the bottom of the reference shaft.

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