A temperature and pressure integrated detection sensor

Abstract

The utility model relates to sensor and rail transit monitoring cross technical field especially, a kind of temperature and pressure integrated detection sensor, the temperature and pressure integrated detection sensor includes: sensor shell and cloud platform, the inside installation of sensor shell has circuit board, circuit board includes sensing module, main control module, wireless module, sensing module includes data interface, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, the signal output end of pressure sensor, temperature sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of single-chip microcomputer by data interface, main control module includes single-chip microcomputer, external clock, storage, single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected with external clock, storage respectively, storage built-in SD card, the temperature and pressure integrated detection sensor provided by the utility model solves the problem that the data is not synchronized, installation complex etc. that multiple sensor dispersion arrangement brings, with power-off protection mechanism, ensure data integrity reliable, improve the flexibility and practicality of system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of sensor and rail transit monitoring technology, and in particular to a temperature and pressure integrated detection sensor. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy-haul trains face severe challenges in complex operating environments, especially when traversing mountainous lines with varied terrain. Taking the Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway in my country as an example, heavy-haul trains need to frequently use air brakes to control speed when running on downhill sections of tens of kilometers. If this is compounded by pipe pressure disturbances caused by entering and exiting tunnels, it will greatly increase the difficulty of operation for locomotive crew members, and may even lead to major train accidents due to brake failure.

[0003] Faced with this engineering challenge, existing monitoring methods are proving inadequate. Currently widely used discrete sensors have several shortcomings: first, the pressure and temperature data acquisition times are asynchronous, making it difficult to accurately analyze the coupling relationship and hysteresis effects between the two; second, the dispersed installation of multiple sensors not only occupies limited vehicle space but also increases wiring and maintenance costs; and third, existing sensors generally have low data acquisition frequencies and limited accuracy, making it difficult to capture the details of transient pressure pulsations and temperature changes during braking.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional sensors cannot fully adapt to the harsh operating conditions of heavy-haul trains, and suffer from difficulties in long-term stable operation. Their communication methods are mostly limited to wired transmission or short-range wireless, failing to meet the real-time data transmission requirements of trains operating over long distances. More importantly, existing equipment lacks a unified clock synchronization mechanism, resulting in inconsistent timestamps on data collected by different sensors, severely impacting the accuracy of subsequent data analysis. Regarding data storage, most sensors only have simple local recording functions, lacking intelligent file-based storage mechanisms and power-off protection measures, making it difficult to guarantee data integrity and reliability.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides an integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor.

[0007] The integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model includes: a sensor housing and a cloud platform. A circuit board is installed inside the sensor housing. The circuit board includes a sensing module, a main control module, and a wireless module. The sensing module includes a data interface, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor. The signal output terminals of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller through the data interface. The main control module includes a microcontroller, an external clock, and a memory. The microcontroller is electrically connected to the external clock and the memory respectively. The memory has a built-in SD card. The data output terminal of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the read / write terminal of the SD card. The wireless module includes a 4G module. The signal input terminal of the 4G module is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the microcontroller. The communication terminal of the data interface is electrically connected to the communication pin of the microcontroller.

[0008] Preferably, the sensing module further includes an ambient temperature and pressure sensor, the signal output terminal of which is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller.

[0009] Preferably, the sensor housing has a G1 / 2 external thread with a thread length of 15mm, the sensor housing is made of injection molded material, and the surface of the circuit board is coated with a protective adhesive layer.

[0010] Preferably, the data interface is a Type-C interface or a Micro-USB interface that supports local wired data download, and the communication end of the data interface is electrically connected to the communication pin of the microcontroller.

[0011] Preferably, the 4G module has a data breakpoint resume function, and a signal feedback loop is provided between the 4G module and the microcontroller.

[0012] Compared with related technologies, the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model has the following advantages: This utility model innovatively adopts an integrated design of temperature and pressure, which integrates pressure and temperature detection functions into a single sensor, enabling synchronous acquisition of pressure and temperature in key components such as train pipes, auxiliary air cylinders, and brake cylinders. This solves the problems of data asynchrony and complex installation caused by the dispersed arrangement of multiple sensors.

[0013] This invention features high-precision data acquisition and intelligent storage capabilities. The sensing module outputs digital signals with a precision of at least 12 bits, pressure detection accuracy ≤0.25%FSS, temperature accuracy ≤0.5℃, temperature dynamic response time ≤30s, and an acquisition frequency of at least 1Hz. It supports data storage in time-series files and includes a power-off protection mechanism to ensure data integrity and reliability.

[0014] This utility model designs two types of wireless integrated temperature and pressure sensors: a braking type and an ambient temperature type. The two can be used together to meet the needs of different application scenarios. The braking type focuses on monitoring the internal temperature and pressure of pipelines, while the ambient temperature type adds the ability to detect ambient temperature and pressure. It combines wireless transmission and local download dual-mode data export, supports real-time monitoring on cloud platforms, and improves the flexibility and practicality of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the sensor housing of the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the working principle of the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model; Figure 4 Hardware architecture diagram of the braking product of the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model; Figure 5 Hardware architecture diagram of the ambient temperature version of the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model; Figure 6 Line graph showing the positive stroke error test of the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model; Figure 7 Line graph showing the reverse stroke error test of the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model.

[0016] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Sensor housing; 2. Circuit board; 3. Sensing module; 31. Data interface; 301. Ambient temperature and pressure sensor; 32. Pressure sensor; 33. Temperature sensor; 4. Main control module; 41. Microcontroller; 42. External clock; 43. Storage; 5. Wireless module; 51. 4G module. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0018] The specific implementation of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0019] Please see Figures 1 to 4A temperature and pressure integrated detection sensor includes: a sensor housing 1 and a cloud platform. The injection-molded material not only has good impact resistance, which can withstand the vibration and impact during heavy-duty train operation, but also has excellent weather resistance, which can adapt to the working environment of -35℃ to 60℃. The interface of the sensor housing 1 is a G1 / 2 external thread, which conforms to the general installation standard of heavy-duty train brake pipeline. The length of the external thread is 15mm. Sufficient engagement length can ensure a tight fit with the pipeline interface and effectively prevent brake gas leakage. The sensor housing 1 is made of injection-molded material. The surface of the circuit board 2 is coated with a protective adhesive layer. This protective adhesive layer can isolate humid air and dust, and prevent the circuit board 2 from short-circuiting in the dusty and humid environment of train operation. The circuit board 2 is installed inside the sensor housing 1. The circuit board 2, as the core load-bearing component, integrates various functional modules into one, reducing the space occupied by scattered layout. It includes a sensing module 3, a main control module 4, and a wireless module 5. The sensing module 3 includes a data interface 31, which is a Type-C interface or a Micro-USB interface that supports local wired data download. Both of these interfaces are universal interface types, which allows staff to easily connect to external devices such as computers and USB flash drives via common data cables to achieve fast data download in offline mode, avoiding data acquisition obstruction caused by wireless transmission failure. It also includes a pressure sensor 32 and a temperature sensor 33. The pressure sensor 32 has accurate sensing capability within the gauge pressure range of 0 to 650 kPa, with a detection accuracy of ≤0.25%FSS, and can capture transient pressure pulsations during braking. The temperature sensor 33 has a detection range of -35℃ to 60℃, which can adapt to the extreme temperature scenarios of severe cold in the north and heat generation during train braking. The signal output terminals of the pressure sensor 32 and the temperature sensor 33 are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller 41 through the data interface 31 to ensure that the collected raw signals can be stably transmitted to the processing unit. The communication terminal of the data interface 31 is electrically connected to the communication pin of the microcontroller 41 to form a reliable signal transmission link. The main control module 4 includes a microcontroller 41, an external clock 42, and a memory 43. The microcontroller 41 is electrically connected to the external clock 42 and the memory 43 respectively to realize the coordinated control of data time stamping and storage. The external clock 42 can obtain standard time through the 4G network to ensure that the timestamps of the data collected by each sensor are consistent and the clock deviation between multiple devices is ≤1s, providing an accurate time reference for comparison and analysis of multi-measurement data. The memory 43 has a built-in SD card with a large capacity. The data output terminal of the microcontroller 41 is electrically connected to the read and write terminal of the SD card to ensure that the processed data can be written in real time and stably. The wireless module 5 includes a 4G module 51, which has a data interruption resume function. This function can effectively solve the problem of data transmission interruption when the train passes through signal blind spots such as tunnels, ensuring that the monitoring data is not lost. The signal input terminal of the 4G module 51 is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the microcontroller 41, which can receive and process the monitoring data in a timely manner and upload it to the cloud platform. The communication terminal of the data interface 31 is electrically connected to the communication pin of the microcontroller 41, forming a dual data export mode of wireless and wired connection, which improves the reliability of data acquisition. A signal feedback loop is provided between the 4G module 51 and the microcontroller 41. This loop allows the microcontroller 41 to monitor the data transmission status in real time, providing support for the node recording of interruption resume. Example

[0020] See Figure 5 The sensing module 3 also includes an ambient temperature and pressure sensor 301. The signal output terminal of the ambient temperature and pressure sensor 301 is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller 41 to ensure that the environmental parameters can be transmitted synchronously to the core processing unit with the parameters inside the pipeline. When the train is running, one path is completely consistent with the braking method, and the other path is completed independently by the ambient temperature and pressure sensor 301. It captures the atmospheric pressure and temperature signals of the train's operating environment in real time. This path also maintains a frequency of not less than 1Hz and is clock-synchronized with the parameters inside the pipeline to ensure that the time base of the two sets of data is completely consistent. After the temperature and pressure signals inside the pipeline and the ambient temperature and pressure signals are transmitted synchronously to the microcontroller 41, the microcontroller 41 first corrects and compensates the data collected by the ambient temperature and pressure sensor 301, and then stores it into the SD card of the storage 43 according to the same rules as the braking method.

[0021] See Figure 6 and Figure 7 As can be seen from the line graph, when the applied pressure gradually increases, the readings of both the standard and the sensor under test gradually increase, and the difference between them and the applied pressure signal is very small. This shows that the data obtained from the experimental test is valid.

[0022] The working principle of the integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor provided by this utility model is as follows: First, the staff screws the sensor into the preset installation position of the brake pipeline through the G1 / 2 external thread interface of the sensor housing 1. The thread sealing design ensures the airtightness of the pipeline. After the power is turned on, the sensing module 3, main control module 4, and wireless module 5 on the circuit board 2 are simultaneously powered on and woken up. The microcontroller 41 executes the initialization program to complete the functional self-test of each module and confirm that the pressure sensor 32, temperature sensor 33, and 4G module 51 are in normal working condition. The braking sensor focuses on the precise monitoring of temperature and pressure parameters inside the braking system lines of heavy-haul trains. The specific process is as follows: When a heavy-haul train activates its braking system, the air pressure in the braking pipeline changes instantaneously. Pressure sensor 32 responds immediately, capturing the air pressure signal within the range of 0–650 kPa gauge pressure and converting the physical air pressure into an analog electrical signal. At the same time, temperature sensor 33 synchronously senses the temperature change on the inner wall of the pipeline caused by air pressure fluctuations and friction, collecting temperature signals in the range of -35℃ to 60℃. The sampling frequency of both sensors is kept at no less than 1 Hz, achieving millisecond-level synchronous capture of temperature and pressure parameters and avoiding data lag. The sensor module 3 transmits the collected analog signals to the main control module 4. The microcontroller 41 filters, amplifies, and digitizes the signals, outputting digital data with a precision of 12 bits or more, ensuring that the pressure detection accuracy is ≤0.25%FSS and the temperature accuracy is ≤0.5℃. During this process, the external clock 42 accesses the network through the 4G module 51 to obtain standard time, giving each set of temperature and pressure data a unique timestamp. The clock deviation between multiple sensors is controlled within 1 second to ensure the time consistency of data from different pipeline monitoring points. The processed temperature and pressure data is written to the SD card built into the storage device 43 under the control of the microcontroller 41. The SD card stores data in files according to time, and automatically creates a new file every hour to avoid data corruption. At the same time, the 4G module 51 encrypts the real-time data and uploads it to the cloud platform for remote monitoring center to view in real time. If the network is interrupted due to the train passing through a tunnel, the 4G module 51 records the interruption point through the signal feedback loop with the microcontroller 41. After the network is restored, the interruption is automatically resumed. Staff can also connect to external devices through the data interface 31 to directly download historical data from the SD card.

[0023] The ambient temperature sensor adds ambient temperature and pressure monitoring functionality to the braking sensor, specifically: When the train is running, one circuit is completely consistent with the braking circuit, with pressure sensor 32 and temperature sensor 33 synchronously collecting temperature and pressure signals inside the braking circuit. The other circuit is independently completed by ambient temperature and pressure sensor 301, which captures atmospheric pressure and temperature signals of the train's operating environment in real time. This circuit also maintains a frequency of no less than 1Hz and is synchronized with the clock of the parameters collected inside the circuit, ensuring that the time base of the two sets of data is completely consistent. After the internal temperature and pressure signals of the pipeline and the ambient temperature and pressure signals are synchronously transmitted to the microcontroller 41, the microcontroller 41 first corrects and compensates the data collected by the ambient temperature and pressure sensor 301 to eliminate environmental interference factors. Then, it associates and marks the processed environmental parameters with the internal parameters of the pipeline. The complete data set is then stored in the SD card of the storage device 43 according to the same rules as the brake device. Files are stored every hour on the hour to ensure that the correspondence between pipeline parameters and environmental parameters is not confused. During the transmission process, the 4G module 51 packages and uploads the fused data to the cloud platform. When downloading locally, the complete two-dimensional data can also be obtained through the data interface 31. These data are of great value in subsequent analysis. The staff imports them together with the pipeline data collected by the brake device into the host computer software to build a correlation model between the ambient temperature and pressure and the brake system pipeline pressure, clearly revealing the influence mechanism of changes in external ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure on the pressure fluctuation in the brake pipeline.

[0024] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A temperature and pressure integrated detection sensor, characterized in that, include: The sensor housing (1) and the cloud platform are connected. The sensor housing (1) has a circuit board (2) installed inside. The circuit board (2) includes a sensing module (3), a main control module (4), and a wireless module (5). The sensing module (3) includes a data interface (31), a pressure sensor (32), and a temperature sensor (33). The signal output terminals of the pressure sensor (32) and the temperature sensor (33) are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller (41) through the data interface (31). The main control module (4) includes a microcontroller (41), an external clock (42), and a memory (43). The microcontroller (41) is electrically connected to the external clock (42) and the memory (43) respectively. The memory (43) has a built-in SD card. The data output terminal of the microcontroller (41) is electrically connected to the read and write terminal of the SD card. The wireless module (5) includes a 4G module (51). The signal input terminal of the 4G module (51) is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the microcontroller (41), and the communication terminal of the data interface (31) is electrically connected to the communication pin of the microcontroller (41).

2. The integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing module (3) also includes an ambient temperature and pressure sensor (301), whose signal output terminal is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller (41).

3. The integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor housing (1) has a G1 / 2 external thread interface with a length of 15mm; the sensor housing (1) is made of injection molding material; and the surface of the circuit board (2) is coated with a protective adhesive layer.

4. The integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data interface (31) is a Type-C interface or Micro-USB interface that supports local wired data download. The communication end of the data interface (31) is electrically connected to the communication pin of the microcontroller (41).

5. The integrated temperature and pressure detection sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 4G module (51) has the function of resuming data transmission after interruption, and a signal feedback loop is provided between the 4G module (51) and the microcontroller (41).

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