A loading tool for bending resistance test of a beam

Abstract

The utility model relates to test component technical field, concretely is a kind of bending performance test loading tool of beam.The utility model includes loading plate subassembly, the loading plate subassembly includes crosspiece and the two pieces of abutting plate of sliding cooperation in the lower part of crosspiece, two pieces of abutting plate all have vertical part, and the work station area of lower part opening is formed by vertical part and crosspiece bottom surface together enclose;Two pieces of abutting plate have feed state by locking away from each other and by locking member, when locking member is unlocked, two pieces of abutting plate also have by elastic member drive and slide close to the positioning state of clamping the cylindrical beam to be measured, and the positioning state is also formed by locking member locking.The utility model is adapted to the bending performance test of the cylindrical beam body of different diameters, avoid the rolling of beam body in the bending performance test process, also ensure that the pressure of loading equipment applied to beam body through loading plate is located directly above beam body, effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of test structure, also guarantee the durability of test device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of test component technology, specifically a loading fixture for testing the bending performance of beams. Background Technology

[0002] In many fields such as building structures, mechanical engineering, and materials science, loading tests on the bending performance of beams are a crucial research task. These tests allow for precise evaluation of the mechanical behavior of beams under bending loads, providing critical data support for beam design, optimization, and safety assessment.

[0003] In existing beam bending performance loading tests, most experiments primarily focus on square beams. These beams are horizontally suspended and subjected to downward pressure via a loading structure. Clearly, due to their structural characteristics, square beams exhibit relatively stable placement during loading tests and generally do not roll. This characteristic eliminates the need for additional clamping mechanisms to prevent rotation, thus simplifying the design and operation of the testing apparatus and reducing the complexity of the experiment.

[0004] However, for cylindrical beams with a circular cross-section, rolling or rotation may occur during bending performance loading tests. Therefore, most test devices for cylindrical beams, such as the one described in the text of Chinese Patent Publication No. CN210507564U entitled "A Mobile Pipe Pile Bending Test Device", have an arc-shaped lower part of the loading plate.

[0005] While this method can prevent the beam from rolling under load to some extent, it is clear that the fixed curvature of the lower part of the loading plate cannot conform to beams of different diameters. When the diameter of the lower curvature of the loading plate is larger than the diameter of the beam, the increased contact area with the beam is limited, resulting in a weak effect in preventing the beam from rolling. When the diameter of the lower arc of the loading plate is smaller than the diameter of the beam, on the one hand, the center of the lower arc of the loading plate cannot fit with the beam, creating a hollow area between the top of the beam and the bottom arc surface of the loading plate. This leads to localized stress concentration in the hollow area between the loading plate and the beam when pressure is applied to the loading plate. This not only places higher demands on the strength of the loading plate but may also damage it, affecting the normal conduct of the test. On the other hand, because the center of the lower arc of the loading plate cannot fit with the center of the top surface of the beam, the loading structure and the pressure during loading often deviate from the top of the beam. This deviation makes the direction of force on the beam unclear, making the calculation and analysis of key parameters such as bending moment and stress of the beam more complex and difficult, affecting the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Therefore, this issue urgently needs to be addressed. Utility Model Content

[0006] To avoid and overcome the technical problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a loading fixture for testing the bending performance of beams. It is suitable for testing the bending performance of cylindrical beams of different diameters. It prevents the beam from rolling during the bending performance test and ensures that the pressure applied to the beam by the loading device through the loading plate is directly above the beam. This effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of the test structure and also ensures the durability of the test device.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A loading fixture for testing the bending performance of a beam includes a loading plate assembly. The loading plate assembly includes a horizontal plate and two clamping plates that slide together at the bottom of the horizontal plate. Each clamping plate has a vertical portion, which together with the bottom surface of the horizontal plate forms a work station area with a lower opening. The two clamping plates are in a feeding state where they are far apart from each other and locked by a locking member. When the locking member is unlocked, the two clamping plates are also in a positioning state where they are driven by an elastic member and slide close together to clamp the cylindrical beam to be tested. The positioning state is also locked by the locking member.

[0009] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the abutment plate has an L-shaped structure, the horizontal section of the abutment plate slides with the horizontal plate, and the vertical section of the abutment plate is arranged adjacent to each other to form the vertical part; the horizontal section of the abutment plate and the horizontal plate are respectively provided with a second long hole and a first long hole arranged in the sliding direction of the abutment plate, and the locking member is a locking bolt that is inserted vertically through the second long hole and the first long hole.

[0010] As a further embodiment of this utility model: vertical plates are fixed at the lower parts of both ends of the horizontal plate along the sliding direction of the abutment plate, and compression springs constituting the elastic element are connected between the vertical plates at the same end and the vertical section of the abutment plate.

[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model: a slider is detachably installed on the abutment plate, and the slider and the cross plate form a sliding fit.

[0012] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a force transmission plate is fixed in the middle of the upper surface of the horizontal plate, and the upper part of the force transmission plate forms a loading contact area where the loading structure abuts against the loading plate assembly; the horizontal plate has a centering V-shaped block with the opening facing downward, and the centering V-shaped block can slide vertically from above the lower surface of the horizontal plate to below the horizontal plate to locate the axis of the cylindrical beam to be measured, and the V-shaped node of the centering V-shaped block and the center of the loading contact area are located on the same vertical line.

[0013] As a further embodiment of this utility model: an installation plate is fixed to the upper side wall of the horizontal plate, and the centering V-block is slidably engaged with the installation plate through vertically distributed sliding rods. An adjusting screw is also threaded onto the installation plate, and the bottom end of the adjusting screw is rotaryly engaged with the centering V-block.

[0014] As a further improvement of this utility model, it also includes two bases that support the lower ends of the cylindrical beam to be measured.

[0015] As a further improvement of this utility model: the base has a U-shaped structure, and horizontally distributed support rods are fixed between the two vertical sections of the base, which support the cylindrical beam to be measured.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0017] 1. In this application, the friction force on the outer side of the cylindrical beam under test is increased by the clamping plate, preventing the cylindrical beam from rolling during testing and improving the accuracy of the bending test. Furthermore, the planar horizontal plate transmits the pressure of the loading structure to the cylindrical beam under test. During implementation, it is only necessary to align the axis of the loading structure and the axis of the cylindrical beam under test on the same vertical line. At this point, the pressure from the loading structure on the cylindrical beam under test is located directly above the beam, ensuring accurate and reliable test results. Simultaneously, it effectively avoids stress concentration caused by gaps between the horizontal plate and the cylindrical beam under test, thus extending the service life of the horizontal plate.

[0018] Furthermore, in the contact operation between the clamping plate and the cylindrical beam to be tested in this application, the two clamping plates are first moved away from each other and locked by the locking member to form a feeding state. At this time, the loading plate assembly can be conveniently placed on the cylindrical beam to be tested through the lower opening of the work station area. After that, the locking member is unlocked and the clamping plates are brought closer to each other under the action of the elastic member and clamped against the side wall of the cylindrical beam to be tested. Based on the pre-tightening force provided by the elastic member to clamp the cylindrical beam to be tested, only the locking member needs to lock the sliding of the clamping plate. That is, the locking member only needs a small locking stroke to achieve tight-loose-tightening of the clamping plate. There is no need to change the large movement stroke of the locking member according to the change of the diameter of the cylindrical beam to be tested. The operation is convenient and quick and will not increase the complexity of the test operation.

[0019] 2. The clamping plate has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal section of the clamping plate slides with the cross plate. In addition, the horizontal section of the clamping plate and the cross plate are respectively provided with a second long hole and a first long hole, the length of which are arranged along the sliding direction of the clamping plate. The locking part is a locking bolt that is inserted vertically through the second long hole and the first long hole, so that the clamping plate has a large sliding stroke on the basis of stable sliding.

[0020] 3. By positioning the loading structure on the horizontal plate using the force transmission plate and positioning the cylindrical beam under test using the centering V-block, the loading point of the loading structure and the cylindrical beam under test can be quickly aligned in the vertical direction, effectively improving the accuracy and convenience of the test.

[0021] 4. The base has a U-shaped structure, and horizontally distributed support rods are fixed between the two vertical sections of the base. The cylindrical beam to be measured is supported by the support rods. The height of the bottom of the inner cavity of the base is raised by the support rods, so there is no need to set a thick base plate, which effectively reduces the cost of the base. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the loading plate assembly in this utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal plate and the clamping plate exploding in this utility model.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure in this utility model.

[0026] In the diagram: 10. Loading plate assembly; 11. Horizontal plate; 111. First elongated hole; 112. Mounting plate; 12. Vertical plate; 13. Clamping plate; 131. Second elongated hole; 132. Slider; 14. Locking bolt; 15. Force transmission plate; 16. Centering V-block; 161. Slide rod; 17. Adjusting screw; 18. Compression spring; 20. Base; 21. Support rod; a. Cylindrical beam to be measured; b. Loading structure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0028] For ease of understanding, the specific structure and working method of this utility model are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] The specific structure of this utility model is as follows: Figure 1-4 As shown, its main structure includes a loading plate assembly 10 for transmitting the pressure of the loading structure b to the cylindrical beam a under test.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the loading plate assembly 10 includes a horizontal plate 11 and two clamping plates 13 that slide together at the lower part of the horizontal plate 11. Both clamping plates 13 have vertical portions, which together with the bottom surface of the horizontal plate 11 form a work station area with a lower opening. In practice, the two clamping plates 13 are in a feeding state where they are far apart from each other and locked by a locking member. When the locking member is unlocked, the two clamping plates 13 are also in a positioning state where they are driven by an elastic member and slide close together to clamp the cylindrical beam a to be measured, and the positioning state is also locked by the locking member.

[0031] Before the test, the two clamping plates 13 are first moved away from each other and locked by the locking device to form a feeding state. At this time, the loading plate assembly 10 can be conveniently placed on the cylindrical beam a to be tested through the lower opening of the workstation area. Then, the locking device is unlocked and the clamping plates 13 are brought closer together by the elastic element and clamped against the side wall of the cylindrical beam a to be tested. Based on the pre-tightening force provided by the elastic element to clamp the cylindrical beam a to be tested, only the sliding of the clamping plate 13 needs to be locked by the locking device. That is, the locking device only needs a small locking stroke to achieve tight-loose-tightening of the clamping plate 13. There is no need to change the large movement stroke of the locking device according to the change of the diameter of the cylindrical beam a to be tested, making the operation convenient and quick. The clamping plate 13 increases the friction on the outside of the cylindrical beam a to be tested, preventing the cylindrical beam a to be tested from rolling during the test and improving the accuracy of the bending test of the cylindrical beam a to be tested. Furthermore, the planar horizontal plate 11 transmits the pressure of the loading structure b to the cylindrical beam a under test. During implementation, it is only necessary to align the axes of the loading structure b and the cylindrical beam a under test on the same vertical line. At this time, the pressure of the loading structure b on the cylindrical beam a under test is located directly above the cylindrical beam a, ensuring accurate and reliable test results. At the same time, it also effectively avoids stress concentration caused by gaps between the horizontal plate 11 and the cylindrical beam a under test, thus improving the service life of the horizontal plate 11.

[0032] It is worth mentioning that, in fact, when the cylindrical beam a under test is fixed at both ends by brackets, the friction at the lower part of both ends and the pressure when the upper part is loaded with pressure already have a certain ability to prevent rolling. This application only increases the friction on the outer periphery by having the side wall of the cylindrical beam a under test abut against the wall, thereby further ensuring that the cylindrical beam a under test will not rotate during the test.

[0033] Based on the above, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the abutment plate 13 has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal section of the abutment plate 13 slides with the horizontal plate 11, and the vertical sections of the abutment plate 13 are arranged adjacent to each other to form a vertical part, ensuring the stability of the sliding fit between the abutment plate 13 and the horizontal plate 11. In addition, the horizontal section of the abutment plate 13 and the horizontal plate 11 are respectively provided with a second elongated hole 131 and a first elongated hole 111, the length of which is arranged along the sliding direction of the abutment plate 13. The locking member is a locking bolt 14 that is inserted vertically through the second elongated hole 131 and the first elongated hole 111. In this embodiment, the abutment plate 13 has a large sliding stroke while ensuring stable sliding. Of course, in actual implementation, if the sliding stroke requirement of the abutment plate 13 is not high, the abutment plate 13 may not have a second long hole 131. Alternatively, the rod of the locking bolt 14 can be fixed to the abutment plate 13, while the second long hole 131 is still opened on the horizontal plate 11. The rod of the locking bolt 14 passes through the second long hole 131, and the horizontal plate 11 and the abutment plate 13 are locked through the nut of the locking bolt 14.

[0034] In actual implementation, the clamping plate 13 can also be a simple vertical plate structure; and the locking component can also adopt other implementation methods, such as the locking component being a set screw.

[0035] Based on the above, such as Figure 2 As shown, vertical plates 12 are fixed to the lower parts of both ends of the horizontal plate 11 along the sliding direction of the abutment plate 13. A compression spring 18, constituting an elastic element, is connected between the vertical plate 12 at the same end and the vertical section of the abutment plate 13. In actual implementation, the two ends of the compression spring 18 can be welded to the vertical plate 12 and the abutment plate 13 respectively, or a telescopic rod can be set between the two, with the compression spring 18 sleeved on the telescopic rod. Of course, in actual implementation, the elastic element can also be a spring sheet or other elastic structure, as long as it can apply an elastic force to the two abutment plates 13 so that they can move closer to each other.

[0036] Based on the lower part of both ends of the horizontal plate 11, vertical plates 12 are set, as follows: Figure 3 As shown, in order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the abutment plate 13 and the horizontal plate 11, a slider 132 is detachably installed on the abutment plate 13, and the slider 132 and the horizontal plate 11 form a sliding fit.

[0037] Based on the above, in order to achieve rapid positioning and alignment of the loaded structure b and the cylindrical beam a to be tested in the vertical direction, as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a force transmission plate 15 is fixed to the middle of the upper surface of the horizontal plate 11, which raises the contact position between the loading structure b and the horizontal plate 11. Furthermore, the upper part of the force transmission plate 15 forms the loading contact area where the loading structure b abuts against the loading plate assembly 10. Since the loading structure b applies loading pressure vertically downwards, the force transmission plate 15 ensures that even if the loading structure b is not located at the center of the loading contact area, the force applied by the loading structure b to the horizontal plate 11 through the force transmission plate 15 is always directly below the force transmission plate 15, reducing the difficulty of aligning the loading structure b and the loading plate assembly 10. Of course, in actual implementation, if the force transmission plate 15 is not provided, or even if the force transmission plate 15 is provided, but it is still desired to further ensure the positioning of the loading structure b at the joint of the force transmission plate 15 or the horizontal plate 11, baffles arranged at intervals along the sliding direction of the contact plate 13 can be used to position the loading structure b using the intervals between the baffles. In addition, the horizontal plate 11 has a centering V-shaped block 16 with the opening facing downward. The centering V-shaped block 16 can slide vertically from above the lower surface of the horizontal plate 11 to below the horizontal plate 11 to locate the axis of the cylindrical beam a to be measured. The V-shaped node of the centering V-shaped block 16 and the center of the loading contact area are located on the same vertical line.

[0038] In this application, the positioning operation of the centering V-block 16 for the cylindrical beam a to be measured can be performed before the final locking operation of the clamping plate 13. Alternatively, the centering V-block 16 can be slid below the lower surface of the horizontal plate 11, using its V-shaped cavity to position the cylindrical beam a to be measured. Then, the clamping plate 13 is used to abut and finally lock. Alternatively, the clamping plate 13 can first abut against the cylindrical beam a to be measured, but before being locked by the locking element, the position of the cylindrical beam a can be adjusted with the assistance of the positioning V-block 16, and then finally locked by the locking element.

[0039] In further implementation, to achieve continuous positioning of the centering V-block, a mounting plate 112 is fixed to the upper sidewall of the horizontal plate 11. The centering V-block 16 is slidably engaged with the mounting plate 112 via vertically distributed sliding rods 161. The mounting plate 112 allows the centering V-block 16 to slide above the lower surface of the horizontal plate 11. An adjusting screw 17 is also threaded onto the mounting plate 112. The bottom end of the adjusting screw 17 is rotaryly engaged with the centering V-block 16, forming a screw-slider mechanism between the adjusting screw 17, the centering V-block 16, and the mounting plate 112. By rotating the adjusting screw 17, the height of the centering V-block 16 can be adjusted, and the locking mechanism of the adjusting screw 17 can be used to initially lock the centering V-block 16 at the position of the circumferential beam a to be measured, without requiring multiple operations on the centering V-block 16. It is worth noting that after centering is completed, the centering V-block 16 is preferably reset to above the lower surface of the horizontal plate 11 to avoid the centering V-block 16 interfering with the test results.

[0040] Based on the above, such as Figure 1As shown, this application also includes two bases 20 that support the lower parts of both ends of the cylindrical beam a to be tested, that is, the bases 20 provide bracket support for both ends of the cylindrical beam a to be tested.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the base 20 has a U-shaped structure, and horizontally distributed support rods 21 are fixed between the two vertical sections of the base 20, supporting the cylindrical beam a to be measured. Specifically, the support rods 21 can be cylindrical or triangular prisms, used to stably support the cylindrical beam a to be measured. The height of the bottom of the inner cavity of the base 20 is increased by the support rods 21, thus eliminating the need for a thick base plate in the base 20, effectively reducing the cost of the base 20.

[0042] It is worth mentioning that the number of loading plate assemblies 10 in this application is determined according to the actual bending performance test requirements. For example, two sets of loading plate assemblies 10 are set for a four-point bending test, and one set of loading plate assemblies 10 is set for a three-point bending test.

[0043] Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, but also includes the same or similar structures that can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0044] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0045] The technologies, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this utility model are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A loading fixture for testing the bending performance of beams, characterized in that, The loading plate assembly (10) includes a horizontal plate (11) and two abutment plates (13) that slide together at the bottom of the horizontal plate (11). Both abutment plates (13) have vertical portions, which together with the bottom surface of the horizontal plate (11) form a work station area with a lower opening. The two abutment plates (13) are in a feeding state where they are far apart from each other and locked by a locking member. When the locking member is unlocked, the two abutment plates (13) are also in a positioning state where they are driven by an elastic member and slide close together to clamp the cylindrical beam (a) to be measured. The positioning state is also locked by the locking member.

2. The loading fixture for testing the bending performance of a beam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The abutment plate (13) has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal section of the abutment plate (13) is slidably engaged with the horizontal plate (11). The vertical sections of the abutment plate (13) are arranged adjacent to each other and form the vertical part. The horizontal section of the abutment plate (13) and the horizontal plate (11) are respectively provided with a second long hole (131) and a first long hole (111) whose hole length direction is arranged along the sliding direction of the abutment plate (13). The locking member is a locking bolt (14) that is inserted vertically and simultaneously through the second long hole (131) and the first long hole (111).

3. The loading fixture for testing the bending performance of a beam according to claim 2, characterized in that, Vertical plates (12) are fixed at the lower ends of both ends of the horizontal plate (11) along the sliding direction of the abutment plate (13). A compression spring (18) constituting the elastic element is connected between the vertical plate (12) at the same end and the vertical section of the abutment plate (13).

4. The loading fixture for testing the bending performance of a beam according to claim 3, characterized in that, A slider (132) is detachably installed on the abutment plate (13), and the slider (132) and the cross plate (11) form a sliding fit.

5. A loading fixture for testing the bending performance of a beam according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, A force transmission plate (15) is fixed in the middle of the upper surface of the horizontal plate (11). The upper part of the force transmission plate (15) forms a loading contact area where the loading structure (b) abuts against the loading plate assembly (10). The horizontal plate (11) has a centering V-shaped block (16) with the opening facing downward. The centering V-shaped block (16) can slide vertically from above the lower surface of the horizontal plate (11) to below the horizontal plate (11) to locate the axis of the cylindrical beam (a) to be measured. The V-shaped node of the centering V-shaped block (16) and the center of the loading contact area are located on the same vertical line.

6. The loading fixture for testing the bending performance of a beam according to claim 5, characterized in that, A mounting plate (112) is fixed to the upper side wall of the horizontal plate (11). The centering V-block (16) is slidably engaged with the mounting plate (112) through vertically distributed sliding rods (161). An adjusting screw (17) is also threaded onto the mounting plate (112). The bottom end of the adjusting screw (17) is rotary engaged with the centering V-block (16).

7. A loading fixture for testing the bending performance of a beam according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It also includes two bases (20) that support the lower ends of the cylindrical beam (a) to be measured.

8. The loading fixture for testing the bending performance of a beam according to claim 7, characterized in that, The base (20) has a U-shaped structure, and horizontally distributed support rods (21) are fixed between the two vertical sections of the base (20), which support the cylindrical beam (a) to be measured.

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