Experimental coupled climate change simulation facility

Abstract

The application provides an experimental coupled climate change simulation device, a temperature sensor array is arranged in a containing cylinder, soil is filled in the containing cylinder, a plurality of water pans are slidably arranged on the top of the containing cylinder, one of the water pans can close the top end of the containing cylinder by sliding, a water storage tank is connected with each water pan, a water inlet pipe is connected between the water storage tank and the containing cylinder, a water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipe, a jacket heat exchanger is arranged on the outer wall of the containing cylinder, and the jacket heat exchanger is connected with an external heat pump system through a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe. The jacket heat exchanger is connected with the external heat pump system, refrigeration or heating can be realized, different degrees of temperature rise or fluctuation can be simulated, the influence of repeated freezing and thawing on the soil can also be simulated, the plurality of sliding water pans can slide to close or open the top of the containing cylinder, the water storage tank and the water pump are used in cooperation, the amount of rainwater entering the containing cylinder can be controlled by controlling the water pump, and the influence of different rainfall amounts on the soil can be studied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of experimental equipment technology, and more specifically, relates to an experimental coupled climate change simulation device. Background Technology

[0002] Global climate is undergoing significant changes, manifested in rising temperatures, uneven precipitation distribution, and frequent extreme weather events. These changes have a profound impact on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. As the foundation for vegetation and crop growth, changes in soil conditions directly affect plant survival and yield. By studying the impact of climate on soil, researchers aim to optimize planting strategies and ensure ecological and agricultural sustainability.

[0003] These studies provide crucial evidence for planting practices. To address the reduction of organic matter, straw return to the field and increased application of organic fertilizers can be promoted to enhance soil carbon pooling. To cope with uneven rainfall, mulch cultivation and drip irrigation technologies can be adopted to optimize water resource utilization. To address the risk of salinization, salt-tolerant varieties can be cultivated or soil conditioners can be used to adjust pH levels. Through these measures, soil health can be maintained against the backdrop of climate change, improving vegetation survival rates and crop yields, and achieving coordinated development of ecological protection and agricultural production.

[0004] To study the impact of climate on soil, it is usually necessary to conduct a variety of experiments; however, existing climate simulation equipment is insufficient to meet the diverse experimental requirements. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an experimental coupled climate change simulation device to facilitate the study of the impact of climate on soil.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: An experimental coupled climate change simulation device is provided, comprising a container cylinder, multiple water receiving trays, a water storage tank, and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The container cylinder contains a temperature sensor array, and is filled with soil covering the temperature sensor array. The top of the container cylinder has an opening. Multiple water receiving trays are slidably disposed on the top of the container cylinder, and the area of ​​the water receiving end face of each tray is the same as the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner cavity of the container cylinder. The water receiving tray can close the top of the receiving cylinder by sliding; the water storage tank is located on the ground and is connected to each of the water receiving trays so that rainwater in the water receiving trays can enter the water storage tank; an inlet pipe is connected between the water storage tank and the receiving cylinder, and a water pump is installed on the inlet pipe; a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer wall of the receiving cylinder, and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is connected to the liquid outlet pipe and an external heat pump system through an inlet pipe, so that the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can cool or heat the receiving cylinder.

[0007] In one possible implementation, two water receiving trays are provided, and two guide rails are symmetrically provided at the top of the receiving cylinder. Guide grooves are provided on the guide rails. Guide rods are provided on both sides of one of the water receiving trays. The guide rods are inserted into the guide grooves on the corresponding sides. One of the guide rods extends out to the outside of the guide rail, and the other water receiving tray is fixed to the outer end of the guide rod.

[0008] In one possible implementation, a mounting half-ring is provided on one side of the guide rail, and mounting ears are provided at both ends of the mounting half-ring. The mounting ears on corresponding sides of the two mounting half-rings abut each other, and bolts are screwed onto the two mounting ears on the same side so that the two mounting half-rings are fixed together to form a mounting ring, and the mounting ring is clamped onto the receiving cylinder.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the guide rail includes a first guide rail and a second guide rail, with one water receiving tray disposed between the first and second guide rails, and the other water receiving tray disposed on the outside of the first guide rail; mounting plates are provided near both ends on the outside of the second guide rail, with a first motor mounted on one of the mounting plates, a lead screw at the power output end of the first motor, the other end of the lead screw rotatably mounted on the other mounting plate, and a drive plate connected to the guide rod, the drive plate having a drive hole, and the lead screw screwed into the drive hole.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the water storage tank is equipped with a control box, which contains a PLC controller. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the first motor. A rainfall sensor is installed on the outer wall of the control box and is electrically connected to the PLC controller. The PLC controller can receive the signal from the rainfall sensor and control the start and stop of the first motor according to the rainfall signal from the rainfall sensor, so that the water receiving tray blocks the top opening of the receiving cylinder.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a transparent observation window is provided on one side of the water storage tank, and the observation window is provided with a calibration scale. A first switch is provided in the control box, and the first switch is electrically connected to the water pump. The first switch is used to turn the water pump on and off.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the water inlet pipe is connected to the container near the top of the container, and the water inlet pipe is connected to the water storage tank near the bottom of the water storage tank.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is provided with limiting sleeves at both the upper and lower ends, and a plurality of limiting bolts are evenly arranged along the circumference of the limiting sleeves. The limiting bolts are pressed against the receiving cylinder to fix the shell-and-tube heat exchanger relative to the receiving cylinder.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the bottom of the container is provided with multiple legs, and a funnel-shaped liquid collecting funnel is fixedly provided at the bottom of the container. A filter screen is provided at the bottom end of the container so that the liquid in the container can pass through the filter screen into the liquid collecting funnel. A water outlet pipe is provided at the bottom end of the liquid collecting funnel, and a liquid collection tank is provided at the bottom end of the water outlet pipe. The liquid in the liquid collecting funnel can enter through the water outlet pipe and be stored in the liquid collection tank.

[0015] In one possible implementation, a gas collecting pipe is provided near the top of the receiving cylinder, and a connecting pipe is provided at the mouth of the vacuum gas collecting bottle. A first valve is provided on the connecting pipe, and the top of the gas collecting pipe is screwed into the connecting pipe.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the experimental coupled climate change simulation device provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this application uses a shell-and-tube heat exchanger fitted onto the outer wall of the containment cylinder, and connects to an external heat pump system to achieve cooling or heating. This allows for precise adjustment of the soil temperature inside the containment cylinder, simulating different degrees of air temperature rise or fluctuation. It can also simulate the effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on the soil. The temperature sensor array inside the containment cylinder is covered by the soil, enabling real-time and comprehensive monitoring of temperature changes at different depths and locations, providing accurate data support for studying the impact of temperature on soil. Multiple sliding water collection trays can be used in conjunction with a water tank and water pump to close or open the top of the containment cylinder. During rainfall, the water collection trays seal the top of the containment cylinder, allowing rainwater collected in the trays to enter the water tank. Since the water-receiving end face of the tray has the same cross-sectional area as the inner cavity of the containment cylinder, the amount of rainwater entering the water tank is an integer multiple of the amount the containment cylinder should receive. The amount of rainwater entering the containment cylinder can be controlled by controlling the water pump, thereby studying the impact of different rainfall amounts on the soil. The equipment integrates temperature regulation and precipitation control functions, and can simulate temperature changes or precipitation changes independently. It can also simulate climate change scenarios under the coupled effect of the two, such as the coexistence of high temperature and drought, and the superposition of warming and rainstorms. It closely approximates the complex impact of climate change in the real natural environment, fills the gap in existing equipment that is difficult to simulate the synergistic effect of multiple factors at the same time, and provides a reliable tool for studying the comprehensive impact of climate on soil. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental coupled climate change simulation device provided in an embodiment of this application from one angle; Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged view of part A; Figure 3 Another structural schematic diagram of the experimental coupled climate change simulation device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 An enlarged view of part B; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid collecting funnel provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] The labels for the attached figures are as follows: 1. Receiving cylinder; 2. Water receiving tray; 3. Water storage tank; 4. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger; 102. Guide groove; 103. Guide rod; 104. Mounting half ring; 105. Mounting ear; 106. Mounting ring; 107. First guide rail; 108. Second guide rail; 109. Mounting plate; 110. First motor; 111. Lead screw; 112. Drive plate; 113. Support leg; 114. Liquid collecting funnel; 115. Filter screen; 116. Water outlet pipe; 117. Gas collecting pipe; 118. Vacuum gas collecting bottle; 119. Connecting pipe; 120. First valve; 121. Liquid collecting tank; 301. Inlet pipe; 302. Water pump; 303. Control box; 304. Rainfall sensor; 305. Observation window; 306. Scale; 401. Inlet pipe; 402. Outlet pipe; 403. Limiting sleeve; 404. Limiting bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0021] It should be further noted that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this application mainly describe the concept of this application. Based on this concept, some specific forms and arrangements of connection relationships, positional relationships, power mechanisms, power supply systems, hydraulic systems and control systems may not be fully described. However, under the premise that those skilled in the art understand the concept of this application, they can implement the above-mentioned specific forms and arrangements in a well-known manner.

[0022] When a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0023] The terms “length”, “width”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inner”, “outer”, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0024] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, and "several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] The experimental coupled climate change simulation device provided in this application will now be described.

[0026] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 5 The experimental coupled climate change simulation device includes a container cylinder 1, multiple water receiving trays 2, a water storage tank 3, and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4. The container cylinder 1 contains a temperature sensor array and is filled with soil, which covers the sensor array. The top of the container cylinder 1 is open. Multiple water receiving trays 2 are slidably positioned on the top of the container cylinder 1. The area of ​​the water receiving end face of each water receiving tray 2 is the same as the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner cavity of the container cylinder 1, and one of the water receiving trays 2 can slide to hold the container cylinder 1. The top of the cylinder 1 is closed; the water storage tank 3 is located on the ground and is connected to each water receiving tray 2 so that rainwater in the water receiving tray 2 can enter the water storage tank 3. The water storage tank 3 is connected to the cylinder 1 by an inlet pipe 301, and a water pump 302 is installed on the inlet pipe 301; the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4 is fitted on the outer wall of the cylinder 1, and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4 is connected to the outlet pipe 402 and the external heat pump system through the inlet pipe 401, so that the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4 can cool or heat the cylinder 1.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the experimental coupled climate change simulation device provided in this embodiment are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the experimental coupled climate change simulation device provided in this embodiment uses a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4 mounted on the outer wall of the container cylinder 1, and can achieve cooling or heating by connecting to an external heat pump system. It can accurately adjust the temperature of the soil inside the container cylinder 1, simulate different degrees of temperature rise or fluctuation, and can also simulate the impact of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on the soil. The temperature sensor array inside the container cylinder 1 is covered by the soil, which can monitor the temperature changes of different depths and locations of the soil in real time and comprehensively, providing accurate data support for studying the impact of temperature on the soil.

[0028] Multiple sliding water receiving trays 2 can be used in conjunction with the water storage tank 3 and the water pump 302 to close or open the top of the receiving cylinder 1. During rainfall, the water receiving trays 2 seal the top of the receiving cylinder 1, allowing the rainwater collected by the trays 2 to enter the water storage tank 3. Since the water receiving end face of the tray 2 has the same cross-sectional area as the inner cavity of the receiving cylinder 1, the amount of rainwater entering the water storage tank 3 is an integer multiple of the amount of rainwater that the receiving cylinder 1 should receive. The amount of rainwater entering the receiving cylinder 1 can be controlled by controlling the water pump 302, thereby allowing for the study of the impact of different rainfall amounts on the soil.

[0029] This device integrates temperature regulation and precipitation control functions, and can simulate temperature changes or precipitation changes independently. It can also simulate climate change scenarios under the combined effect of the two, such as the coexistence of high temperature and drought, and the superposition of warming and rainstorms. It closely approximates the complex impact of climate change in the real natural environment, filling the gap in existing equipment that is difficult to simulate the synergistic effect of multiple factors at the same time, and providing a reliable tool for studying the comprehensive impact of climate on soil.

[0030] In this embodiment, the so-called temperature sensor array includes five groups of temperature sensors evenly arranged along the axial direction of the receiving cylinder 1. A mounting rod is fixed in the middle of the receiving cylinder 1. Each temperature sensor group includes four temperature sensors evenly arranged circumferentially along the receiving cylinder 1 and one temperature sensor fixed on the mounting rod. The five temperature sensors in the same group are at the same height, enabling the temperature sensor array to monitor the temperature at different heights and positions within the receiving cylinder 1 in real time. How the temperature sensors are connected to an external display device to display the detected temperatures is prior art and will not be described further here.

[0031] In addition, the water receiving tray 2 is cylindrical, which facilitates the collection of rainwater. The bottom of the water receiving tray 2 is connected to the water storage tank 3 by a hose, so that even if rainwater enters the water storage tank 3, it will not interfere with the movement of the water receiving tray 2.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, there are two water receiving trays 2. The top of the receiving cylinder 1 is provided with two symmetrical guide rails. Guide grooves 102 are opened on the guide rails. Guide rods 103 are provided on both sides of one water receiving tray 2. The guide rods 103 are inserted into the guide grooves 102 on the corresponding sides. One guide rod 103 extends to the outside of the guide rail. The other water receiving tray 2 is fixed to the outer end of the guide rod 103.

[0033] Two symmetrical guide rails are set at the top of the container cylinder 1. The water receiving tray 2 slides by inserting the guide rod 103 into the guide groove 102 of the guide rail. The cooperation between the guide groove 102 and the guide rod 103 restricts the displacement direction of the water receiving tray 2, avoiding deviation, jamming or tilting during the sliding process, and ensuring that the water receiving tray 2 can accurately cover or close the top of the container cylinder 1.

[0034] The two water receiving trays 2 are connected by guide rods 103 and can slide synchronously. This allows for complete closure and the collection of twice the amount of rainwater that the container 1 should collect, in order to simulate experimental scenarios with increased precipitation and meet the needs of studying the impact of different amounts of precipitation on the soil.

[0035] The sliding components of the water receiving tray 2 are integrated into the guide rail, resulting in a simple and compact overall structure that reduces the space occupied by the equipment. The design of the guide rod 103 extending beyond the guide rail facilitates manual or mechanical operation, reduces the difficulty of operation, improves the efficiency of switching precipitation simulation states during the experiment, and ensures the smoothness of experimental operation.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, a mounting half-ring 104 is provided on one side of the guide rail, and mounting ears 105 are provided at both ends of the mounting half-ring 104. The mounting ears 105 on the corresponding sides of the two mounting half-rings 104 abut against each other, and bolts are screwed onto the two mounting ears 105 on the same side so that the two mounting half-rings 104 are fixed together to form a mounting ring 106, which is clamped onto the receiving cylinder 1.

[0037] Two mounting half-rings 104 are fixed into mounting rings 106 by mounting ears 105 and bolts, which are tightly clamped to the receiving cylinder 1 to ensure that there is no relative displacement between the guide rail and the receiving cylinder 1. This avoids positional deviation caused by the loosening of the guide rail when the water receiving tray 2 slides, further ensuring the accuracy of the closed or open state of the water receiving tray 2 and reducing experimental errors.

[0038] The secure connection between the guide rail and the container 1 prevents the displacement of components due to vibration, collision, etc. during the experiment, ensuring that components such as the temperature sensor and water tray 2 are always in the preset working state, providing stable equipment support for long-term experiments, and ensuring the continuity and reliability of experimental data.

[0039] The guide rail can also be fixed to the receiving cylinder 1 by welding, bonding or other applicable methods.

[0040] like Figure 4As shown, the guide rail includes a first guide rail 107 and a second guide rail 108. One water receiving tray 2 is located between the first guide rail 107 and the second guide rail 108, and the other water receiving tray 2 is located on the outside of the first guide rail 107. Mounting plates 109 are provided near both ends on the outside of the second guide rail 108. A first motor 110 is provided on one mounting plate 109. A lead screw 111 is provided at the power output end of the first motor 110. The other end of the lead screw 111 is rotatably mounted on the other mounting plate 109. A drive plate 112 is provided connected to the guide rod 103. A drive hole is provided on the drive plate 112, and the lead screw 111 is screwed into the drive hole.

[0041] The first motor 110 drives the lead screw 111 to rotate, and the automatic sliding of the water receiving tray 2 is achieved through the connection between the drive plate 112 and the guide rod 103, replacing manual operation. This avoids problems such as uneven force and speed during manual adjustment, ensuring more precise control of the sliding distance and position of the water receiving tray 2, and improving the consistency and repeatability of experimental conditions.

[0042] The guide rail is divided into a first guide rail 107 and a second guide rail 108. The position of the water receiving tray 2 is clearly distributed. The motor and lead screw 111 are mounted on the mounting plate 109 on the outside of the second guide rail 108. This avoids interference with the soil and the working area of ​​the water receiving tray 2, and facilitates the inspection and maintenance of drive components such as the motor and lead screw 111, thereby improving the ease of use of the equipment.

[0043] In this embodiment, a control box 303 is provided on the water storage tank 3. A PLC controller is provided inside the control box 303. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the first motor 110. A rain sensor 304 is provided on the outer wall of the control box 303. The rain sensor 304 is electrically connected to the PLC controller. The PLC controller can receive the signal from the rain sensor 304 and control the opening and closing of the first motor 110 according to the rain signal from the rain sensor 304, so that the water receiving tray 2 seals the top opening of the receiving cylinder 1.

[0044] The rainfall sensor 304 can monitor the external natural precipitation in real time. The PLC controller automatically controls the first motor 110 to open and close according to the sensor signal, so as to realize the automatic closure of the water receiving pan 2 and prevent natural precipitation from directly entering the container 1. This allows the amount of rainwater entering the container 1 to be controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the water pump 302, which in turn facilitates the study of the impact of different rainfall amounts on the soil.

[0045] The PLC controller can preset the precipitation simulation logic, that is, when precipitation starts, the first motor 110 is immediately turned on, so that the water receiving tray 2 seals the top of the container 1, and then the first motor 110 is turned off. By precisely controlling the motor action, the state of the water receiving tray 2 is automatically switched without manual operation. It is especially suitable for long-term, multi-group comparative experiments, improving experimental efficiency.

[0046] As a preferred technical solution, a transparent observation window 305 is provided on one side of the water storage tank 3, and a calibration scale 306 is provided on the observation window 305. A first switch is provided in the control box 303, and the first switch is electrically connected to the water pump 302. The first switch is used to start and stop the water pump 302.

[0047] The transparent observation window 305 of the water storage tank 3, together with the calibration scale 306, allows for real-time observation of the water volume inside the tank. This facilitates precise control of the water supply to the container 1 by the experimenters, avoiding deviations in the precipitation simulation caused by errors in water volume estimation. It ensures the accuracy of the "precipitation" parameter in the experiment and provides reliable data for studying the relationship between precipitation and soil moisture content, permeability, etc.

[0048] The first switch directly controls the start and stop of water pump 302, supporting both manual operation and automation control systems, such as electrical connection with a PLC to achieve automatic water supply, adapting to the control needs of different experimental scenarios and improving the operational flexibility of the equipment.

[0049] The design of the observation window 305 and scale 306 makes water monitoring without additional tools. The setting of the first switch makes water supply control simple and intuitive, reducing the operational complexity of the equipment and making it easy for researchers to quickly master the usage method. It is especially suitable for efficient operation when multiple experiments are carried out at the same time, and improves the flexibility of experimental arrangement.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the water inlet pipe 301 is connected to the container cylinder 1 near the top of the container cylinder 1, and the water inlet pipe 301 is connected to the water storage tank 3 near the bottom of the water storage tank 3.

[0051] The connection point between the inlet pipe 301 and the water storage tank 3 is near the bottom, which facilitates the entry of rainwater from the water storage tank 3 into the receiving cylinder 1, reducing the residue in the water storage tank 3. At the same time, the connection point between the inlet pipe 301 and the receiving cylinder 1 is near the top, allowing water to be injected from the soil surface, simulating the "top-down" infiltration process of natural precipitation. This more realistically reflects the infiltration path, infiltration range, and impact on soil structure of precipitation in the soil, enhancing the realism of the experimental simulation.

[0052] In this embodiment, both the upper and lower ends of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4 are provided with limiting sleeves 403, and a plurality of limiting bolts 404 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the limiting sleeves 403. The limiting bolts 404 are pressed against the receiving cylinder 1 so that the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4 is fixed relative to the receiving cylinder 1.

[0053] The tightening function of the limit bolt 404 prevents the shell heat exchanger 4 from loosening or shifting during long-term use or equipment movement, ensuring the stability of the temperature regulation function. It is especially suitable for experiments that require long-term monitoring of the slow effects of temperature on soil, ensuring the consistency of experimental conditions.

[0054] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4 can be quickly disassembled or installed by tightening and loosening the limiting bolt 404, which facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the heat exchanger, or adjusts the position of the heat exchanger on the housing cylinder 1 according to experimental needs, thereby improving the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment and meeting the needs of different temperature simulation scenarios.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the container 1 is provided with multiple support legs 113. A funnel-shaped liquid collection funnel 114 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the container 1. A filter screen 115 is provided at the bottom end of the container 1 so that the liquid in the container 1 can pass through the filter screen 115 into the liquid collection funnel 114. A water outlet pipe 116 is provided at the bottom end of the liquid collection funnel 114. A liquid collection tank 121 is provided at the bottom end of the water outlet pipe 116. The liquid in the liquid collection funnel 114 can enter through the water outlet pipe 116 and be stored in the liquid collection tank 121.

[0056] The filter screen 115 at the bottom of the container 1 can intercept soil particles and prevent clogging; the liquid collection funnel 114 and the liquid collection box 121 can collect excess water and leached substances that seep out of the soil, making it convenient for researchers to measure the amount of seepage, analyze the composition and concentration of leached substances, and study the impact of precipitation imbalance on soil fertility, salinization, and pollutant migration.

[0057] The funnel-shaped liquid collection funnel 114, together with the filter screen 115, is closer to the drainage structure of natural soil, making the collection process of leachate conform to natural laws and improving the realism of the experimental simulation; the support leg 113 raises the container 1, providing installation space for the liquid collection tank 121, ensuring smooth drainage and avoiding liquid accumulation from affecting the soil condition.

[0058] Finally, a gas collecting pipe 117 is provided near the top of the receiving cylinder 1, and a connecting pipe 119 is provided at the mouth of the vacuum gas collecting bottle 118. A first valve 120 is provided on the connecting pipe 119, and the top of the gas collecting pipe 117 is screwed into the connecting pipe 119.

[0059] The vacuum gas collection bottle 118 can efficiently capture gas samples through negative pressure, and the first valve 120 can control the timing and duration of collection, which is convenient for studying the impact of temperature changes and precipitation on gas emissions generated by soil microbial activities, filling the gap in existing equipment for monitoring soil biochemical processes.

[0060] The collected gas samples can be used for laboratory analysis. Combined with parameters such as temperature and precipitation, gas emission fluxes can be calculated to study how climate change alters gas emission patterns by affecting soil microbial activity, providing experimental data for understanding the role of soil in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles.

[0061] The gas collecting tube 117 is screwed into the connecting tube 119 for easy installation and disassembly. The vacuum gas collecting bottle 118 is designed to collect gas without a complex power system, and the collection process does not significantly interfere with the soil structure and microenvironment inside the container 1, ensuring the stability of experimental conditions and improving data reliability. Through this design, the equipment has expanded from simply simulating temperature and precipitation to monitoring soil gas emissions, significantly improving its versatility and meeting more complex experimental needs.

[0062] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An experimental coupled climate change simulation device, characterized in that, include: The container (1) is equipped with a temperature sensor array inside, and the container (1) is filled with soil, which covers the sensor array, and the container (1) has an opening at the top. Multiple water receiving trays (2) are slidably disposed on the top of the receiving cylinder (1). The area of ​​the water receiving end face of the water receiving tray (2) is the same as the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner cavity of the receiving cylinder (1), and one of the water receiving trays (2) can close the top of the receiving cylinder (1) by sliding. A water storage tank (3) is located on the ground. The water storage tank (3) is connected to each of the water receiving trays (2) so that rainwater in the water receiving trays (2) can enter the water storage tank (3). A water inlet pipe (301) is connected between the water storage tank (3) and the container (1). A water pump (302) is provided on the water inlet pipe (301). A shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4) is fitted on the outer wall of the container (1), and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4) is connected to the liquid outlet pipe (402) and the external heat pump system through the liquid inlet pipe (401) so that the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4) can cool or heat the container (1).

2. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Two water receiving trays (2) are provided. Two guide rails are symmetrically provided at the top of the receiving cylinder (1). Guide grooves (102) are provided on the guide rails. Guide rods (103) are provided on both sides of one of the water receiving trays (2). The guide rods (103) are inserted into the guide grooves (102) on the corresponding sides. One of the guide rods (103) extends to the outside of the guide rail. The other water receiving tray (2) is fixed to the outer end of the guide rod (103).

3. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The guide rail has a mounting half ring (104) on one side, and mounting ears (105) are provided at both ends of the mounting half ring (104). The mounting ears (105) on the corresponding sides of the two mounting half rings (104) abut against each other, and bolts are screwed onto the two mounting ears (105) on the same side so that the two mounting half rings (104) are fixed together to form a mounting ring (106), and the mounting ring (106) is clamped onto the receiving cylinder (1).

4. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The guide rail includes a first guide rail (107) and a second guide rail (108). One of the water receiving trays (2) is located between the first guide rail (107) and the second guide rail (108), and the other water receiving tray (2) is located on the outside of the first guide rail (107). Mounting plates (109) are provided near both ends on the outside of the second guide rail (108). A first motor (110) is provided on one of the mounting plates (109). A lead screw (111) is provided at the power output end of the first motor (110). The other end of the lead screw (111) is rotatably mounted on the other mounting plate (109). A drive plate (112) is connected to the guide rod (103). A drive hole is provided on the drive plate (112), and the lead screw (111) is screwed into the drive hole.

5. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The water storage tank (3) is equipped with a control box (303), and the control box (303) is equipped with a PLC controller. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the first motor (110). The outer wall of the control box (303) is equipped with a rain sensor (304). The rain sensor (304) is electrically connected to the PLC controller. The PLC controller can receive the signal from the rain sensor (304) and control the opening and closing of the first motor (110) according to the rain signal from the rain sensor (304) so ​​that the water receiving tray (2) blocks the top opening of the receiving cylinder (1).

6. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The water storage tank (3) has a transparent observation window (305) on one side, and a calibration scale (306) is provided on the observation window (305). The control box (303) is provided with a first switch, which is electrically connected to the water pump (302). The first switch is used to turn the water pump (302) on and off.

7. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet pipe (301) is connected to the container (1) near the top of the container (1), and the water inlet pipe (301) is connected to the water storage tank (3) near the bottom of the water storage tank (3).

8. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4) are provided with limiting sleeves (403), and multiple limiting bolts (404) are evenly arranged along the circumference of the limiting sleeves (403). The limiting bolts (404) are pressed against the receiving cylinder (1) so that the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4) is fixed relative to the receiving cylinder (1).

9. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the container (1) is provided with multiple support legs (113). The bottom of the container (1) is fixedly provided with a funnel-shaped liquid collection funnel (114). The bottom end of the container (1) is provided with a filter screen (115) so that the liquid in the container (1) can pass through the filter screen (115) into the liquid collection funnel (114). The bottom end of the liquid collection funnel (114) is provided with a water outlet pipe (116). The bottom end of the water outlet pipe (116) is provided with a liquid collection tank (121). The liquid in the liquid collection funnel (114) can enter through the water outlet pipe (116) and be stored in the liquid collection tank (121).

10. The experimental coupled climate change simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A gas collecting pipe (117) is provided near the top of the container (1), and a connecting pipe (119) is provided at the mouth of the vacuum gas collecting bottle (118). A first valve (120) is provided on the connecting pipe (119), and the top of the gas collecting pipe (117) is screwed into the connecting pipe (119).

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