An electromagnetic switch

Abstract

The utility model relates to electric power equipment technical field discloses an electromagnetic switch, including the casing, the upper end of casing detachably installs the cover body, and the lower end is connected with the sealing cover threadedly, be equipped with the opening and closing coil with the closing coil of axial arrangement in the casing, the axle core department of opening and closing coil is equipped with the movable armature that can axial movement, when using this device, through the cooperation of upper permanent magnet, upper magnetic conductive member and lower permanent magnet, lower magnetic conductive member, get rid of the coil continuous energization dependence, after closing, the upper magnetic conductive member of movable armature upper end and the upper permanent magnet of cover body attract, fixed movable armature upper position maintains circuit conduction, need not the second drive coil energization, after opening, the lower magnetic conductive member of movable armature lower end and the lower permanent magnet of sealing cover attract, fixed movable armature lower position keeps circuit break, need not the first drive coil energization, both reduce energy consumption greatly, and avoid the insulation ageing, burnout problem caused by coil long -term heating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power equipment technology, specifically to an electromagnetic switch. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of electrical equipment, electromagnetic switches are widely used as key components for controlling the on / off state of circuits. Traditional electromagnetic switches typically rely on a solenoid electromagnet structure, where the attraction coil and the holding coil work together to control the movement of the moving iron core, thereby causing the switch contacts to close or open, thus connecting or disconnecting the circuit, and using this to start motors and control the operation of electrical equipment.

[0003] However, existing electromagnetic switches have many drawbacks. From the perspective of energy consumption and safety, traditional designs require the coil to be continuously energized to maintain the switch's on or off state. Prolonged energization not only leads to a significant waste of energy and increases operating costs, but also causes the coil to heat up continuously, accelerating insulation aging and greatly increasing the risk of coil burnout. This severely affects the switch's lifespan and equipment operational stability; once the coil fails, the equipment cannot function properly. Traditional electromagnetic switches also have significant shortcomings in terms of air pressure balance and impurity protection: when the switch action causes changes in the internal chamber volume, the internal and external air pressures are difficult to balance quickly. The pressure difference hinders the movement of the moving iron core, causing slow and sluggish closing and opening, affecting equipment response efficiency. Furthermore, the lack of an effective impurity protection structure allows dust and moisture to easily penetrate the interior, contaminating the moving iron core, coil, and other components. Impurities increase the friction of the moving iron core, reduce flexibility, and may even cause short circuits in the coil, significantly shortening the switch's lifespan.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this application proposes an electromagnetic switch. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an electromagnetic switch to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the need for continuous energization of the coil, high energy consumption and easy burnout, difficulty in balancing air pressure, and easy intrusion of impurities.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an electromagnetic switch, comprising a housing, a cover detachably mounted on the upper end of the housing, and a sealing cover threadedly connected to the lower end; an axially arranged opening coil and closing coil are provided inside the housing, and an axially movable moving iron core is provided at the axis of the opening coil and closing coil; a push rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving iron core, and a moving contact is provided at the upper end of the push rod; a stationary contact corresponding to the moving contact is provided on the inner surface of the lower end of the cover, and the stationary contact is electrically connected to a terminal block provided on the outer surface of the upper end of the cover; an upper permanent magnet is provided at the axis of the lower end of the cover, and an upper magnetic conductor is provided at the upper end of the moving iron core that magnetically engages with the upper permanent magnet; a lower permanent magnet is provided at the axis of the upper end of the sealing cover, and a lower magnetic conductor is provided at the lower end of the moving iron core that magnetically engages with the lower permanent magnet.

[0007] Preferably, the tripping coil includes an upper stationary iron core and a first driving coil wound thereon, and the closing coil includes a lower stationary iron core and a second driving coil wound thereon; the wire diameter of the first driving coil is larger than the wire diameter of the second driving coil.

[0008] Preferably, the cover is fixedly connected to the upper end of the shell by bolts; the sealing cover is connected to the lower end of the shell by threads.

[0009] Preferably, a ceramic plug is fixedly connected to the middle position of the upper end of the stationary contact, and the upper end of the ceramic plug is fixedly connected to the upper magnetic conductor.

[0010] Preferably, the outer casing of the closing coil is provided with a first venting channel that runs through its inner wall and outer wall, and the sealing cover is provided with a second venting channel that runs through its inner wall and outer wall; both the first venting channel and the second venting channel are inverted "V" shaped structures, and their air inlets leading to the inner wall are higher than their air outlets leading to the outer wall.

[0011] Preferably, at least one bend is provided in the path between the first ventilation channel and the second ventilation channel to prevent external impurities from entering.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: This invention eliminates the reliance on continuous coil energization by cooperating with the upper permanent magnet and upper magnetic conductor, and the lower permanent magnet and lower magnetic conductor. After closing the circuit, the upper magnetic conductor at the upper end of the moving iron core attracts the upper permanent magnet of the cover, fixing the upper position of the moving iron core to maintain circuit continuity, without the need for a second drive coil to be energized. After opening the circuit, the lower magnetic conductor at the lower end of the moving iron core attracts the lower permanent magnet of the sealing cover, fixing the lower position of the moving iron core to maintain circuit disconnection, without the need for a first drive coil to be energized. This significantly reduces energy consumption and avoids insulation aging and burnout caused by long-term coil heating.

[0013] This invention balances the air pressure inside and outside the housing through a first and second ventilation chamber: when the circuit is closed, the moving iron core moves upward, reducing the chamber volume, and the internal air is discharged to the outside through the two chambers; when the circuit is opened, the moving iron core moves downward, increasing the chamber volume, and outside air enters through the two chambers, preventing the pressure difference from hindering the movement of the moving iron core. The inverted "V"-shaped structure and bends of the two chambers prevent liquid backflow and dust intrusion, preventing contamination of components such as the moving iron core, opening coil, and closing coil, solving the problem of traditional switch jamming, and ensuring stable operation in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an electromagnetic switch according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front sectional view of an electromagnetic switch according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of an electromagnetic switch according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of an electromagnetic switch according to the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Cover; 3. Sealing cover; 4. Opening coil; 5. Closing coil; 6. Moving iron core; 7. Push rod; 8. Moving contact; 9. Stationary contact; 10. Electrical terminal; 11. Upper magnetic conductor; 12. Ceramic bolt; 13. Upper permanent magnet; 14. Lower magnetic conductor; 15. Lower permanent magnet; 16. First drive coil; 17. Upper stationary iron core; 18. Second drive coil; 19. Lower stationary iron core; 20. First venting channel; 21. Second venting channel. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0016] Please see Figures 1-4This utility model provides a technical solution: it includes a housing 1, a cover 2 detachably mounted on the upper end of the housing 1, and a sealing cover 3 threadedly connected to the lower end; the housing 1 is provided with an axially arranged opening coil 4 and closing coil 5, and an axially movable moving iron core 6 is provided at the axis of the opening coil 4 and closing coil 5; a push rod 7 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving iron core 6, and a moving contact 8 is provided at the upper end of the push rod 7; a stationary contact 9 corresponding to the moving contact 8 is provided on the inner surface of the lower end of the cover 2, and the stationary contact 9 is electrically connected to a terminal 10 provided on the outer surface of the upper end of the cover 2; an upper permanent magnet 13 is provided at the axis of the lower end of the cover 2, and an upper magnetic conductor 11 magnetically cooperates with the upper permanent magnet 13 at the upper end of the moving iron core 6; a lower permanent magnet 15 is provided at the axis of the upper end of the sealing cover 3, and a lower magnetic conductor 14 magnetically cooperates with the lower permanent magnet 15 at the lower end of the moving iron core 6. The housing 1 serves as the overall support frame, with the opening coil 4 and closing coil 5 axially mounted inside. A movable iron core 6, which can move flexibly along the axial direction, is located at the center of the two coils, providing the core transmission basis for switching states. Both the upper cover 2 and the lower sealing cover 3 of the housing 1 are detachable, protecting internal components from external dust and moisture while facilitating subsequent opening of the housing 1 for inspection and maintenance of vulnerable components such as contacts and coils. The upper end of the movable iron core 6 is fixedly connected to the moving contact 8 via a push rod 7. The push rod 7 precisely transmits the axial displacement of the movable iron core 6 to the moving contact 8, allowing the moving contact 8 to precisely engage with the stationary contact 9 on the inner surface of the lower end of the cover 2. The upper end of the stationary contact 9 is electrically connected to the terminal 10 on the outer surface of the upper end of the cover 2. The terminal 10 serves as an external circuit access interface, ensuring a stable connection between the switch and the external circuit. An upper magnetic conductor 11 is fixed to the upper end of the moving iron core 6, and an upper permanent magnet 13 is installed at the lower end of the cover 2. After the closing action is completed, the upper magnetic conductor 11 and the upper permanent magnet 13 are tightly attached, and the magnetic force between them firmly fixes the moving iron core 6 in the upper position. At this time, the moving contact 8 and the stationary contact 9 are in close contact, and the circuit is in a conductive state. A lower magnetic conductor 14 is fixed to the lower end of the moving iron core 6, and a lower permanent magnet 15 is installed at the upper end of the sealing cover 3. After the opening action is completed, the lower magnetic conductor 14 and the lower permanent magnet 15 are tightly attached, and the moving iron core 6 is fixed in the lower position by magnetic force. The moving contact 8 and the stationary contact 9 are completely separated, realizing (circuit disconnection). Through this magnetic holding structure, the switch can maintain a stable state without the need for continuous coil energization, thus reducing energy consumption.

[0017] The tripping coil 4 includes an upper stationary iron core 17 and a first drive coil 16 wound on it, while the closing coil 5 includes a lower stationary iron core 19 and a second drive coil 18 wound on it. The wire diameter of the first drive coil 16 is larger than that of the second drive coil 18. The tripping coil 4 is composed of the upper stationary iron core 17 and the outer first drive coil 16, while the closing coil 5 is composed of the lower stationary iron core 19 and the outer second drive coil 18. The upper stationary iron core 17 and the lower stationary iron core 19 are made of high-permeability material, which can strengthen the magnetic field after the drive coil is energized and increase the driving force on the moving iron core 6. Considering that an electric arc will be generated when the moving contact 8 and the stationary contact 9 separate during the opening process, and that the electric arc will exert an attractive force on the contacts, making it difficult to open the circuit, and that the moving iron core 6 also needs to overcome the stable magnetic force of the upper permanent magnet 13 and the upper magnetic conductor 11, the wire diameter of the first drive coil 16 is designed to be larger than that of the second drive coil 18. The larger wire diameter of the first drive coil 16 can carry a larger current and generate a stronger magnetic field after being energized, which forms a sufficient attraction force on the upper magnetic conductor 11 at the upper end of the moving iron core 6, ensuring that the moving iron core 6 moves down smoothly to overcome the resistance of the electric arc and complete the opening process. When closing the circuit, the moving iron core 6 only needs to overcome its own gravity and the weak magnetic force of the lower permanent magnet 15 and the lower magnetic conductor 14. The magnetic field generated by the smaller wire diameter of the second drive coil 18 is sufficient to meet the requirements, thus optimizing the coil volume and material cost while ensuring functionality.

[0018] The cover 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the housing 1 by bolts; the sealing cover 3 is connected to the lower end of the housing 1 by threads. The cover 2 is fixed to the upper end of the housing 1 by bolts, which takes into account both connection stability and ease of maintenance; the sealing cover 3 is connected to the lower end of the housing 1 by threads, which achieves sealing and dust prevention, and facilitates disassembly and maintenance of the lower permanent magnet 15.

[0019] A ceramic bolt 12 is fixedly connected to the upper middle position of the stationary contact 9, and the upper end of the ceramic bolt 12 is fixedly connected to the upper magnetic conductor 11. The ceramic bolt 12 connects the stationary contact 9 and the upper magnetic conductor 11. Its core function is to use insulation to isolate the electrical connection between the stationary contact 9, the upper magnetic conductor 11 and the moving contact 8, to prevent leakage and short circuit, and at the same time, to help fix the stationary contact 9 and ensure precise contact mating.

[0020] In this embodiment, as Figure 3As shown, the outer casing of the closing coil 5 is provided with a first ventilator 20 that penetrates its inner and outer walls, and the sealing cover 3 is provided with a second ventilator 21 that penetrates its inner and outer walls. Both the first ventilator 20 and the second ventilator 21 are inverted "V" shaped structures, with their air inlets leading to the inner wall higher than their air outlets leading to the outer wall. The first ventilator 20 is located on the outer casing of the closing coil 5 and penetrates its inner and outer walls. The second ventilator 21 is located on the sealing cover 3 and similarly penetrates its inner and outer walls. The two ventilators work together to achieve airflow exchange between the internal chamber of the casing 1 and the outside environment. When the moving iron core 6 moves axially, the volume of the internal cavity of the housing 1 changes accordingly: when the circuit is closed, the moving iron core 6 moves upward, the volume of the cavity decreases, the internal air pressure increases, and excess air can be discharged from the inside of the cavity (inner wall side) to the outside (outer wall side) through the first venting channel 20 and the second venting channel 21; when the circuit is open, the moving iron core 6 moves downward, the volume of the cavity increases, the internal air pressure decreases, and outside air enters from the outside (outer wall side) to the inside of the cavity (inner wall side) through the first venting channel 20 and the second venting channel 21. This process achieves air pressure balance inside and outside the housing 1, avoids the pressure difference from hindering the smooth movement of the moving iron core 6, and ensures sensitive switching of the switch state. Both the first ventilation cavity 20 and the second ventilation cavity 21 have an inverted "V" shape structure, and the air inlet leading to the inner wall of the housing 1 is higher than the air outlet leading to the outer wall. This structure can use gravity to prevent external liquids from entering: when there are water droplets or other liquids outside, because the air outlet is lower, the liquid is difficult to flow back from the air outlet to the air inlet and enter the interior of the housing 1; at the same time, the design of the air inlet being higher than the air outlet can also reduce the probability of dust and other impurities directly entering the interior of the cavity under the airflow, thus achieving air pressure balance while also taking into account the impurity protection function.

[0021] At least one bend is provided in the path of the first venting cavity 20 and the second venting cavity 21 to block the entry of external impurities. This bend creates an airflow deflection structure within the cavity. When external air carrying dust, particles, or other impurities enters the cavity, the airflow can change direction along the bend. Due to their high inertia, the impurities cannot quickly change direction with the airflow and will collide with the cavity wall of the bend, depositing therein and preventing them from continuing to enter the housing 1 with the airflow. This design further enhances the blocking effect against external impurities, preventing them from adhering to the surface of the moving iron core 6 after entering the housing 1, affecting its movement flexibility, or entering the coil and causing a decrease in coil insulation performance, short circuits, or other faults. It effectively protects the precision components inside the housing 1, such as the moving iron core 6, coil, and contacts, extending the switch's service life and ensuring long-term stable operation.

[0022] Working principle: When the circuit is closed, the external circuit energizes the second drive coil 18 of the closing coil 5, strengthening the magnetic field of the lower stationary iron core 19, attracting the lower magnetic conductor 14 at the lower end of the moving iron core 6, causing the moving iron core 6 to move upward. The push rod 7 drives the moving contact 8 to contact the stationary contact 9, and the circuit is connected. Subsequently, the second drive coil 18 is de-energized, and the upper magnetic conductor 11 at the upper end of the moving iron core 6 attracts the upper permanent magnet 13 of the cover 2, maintaining the closed state. During this process, the moving iron core 6 moves upward to compress the chamber. Excess air is discharged from the inner wall side to the outer wall side through the inverted "V" shape of the first vent 20 of the closing coil 5 and the second vent 21 of the sealing cover 3, which contain bends, thus balancing the air pressure and blocking impurities. When the circuit is opened, the external circuit energizes the first drive coil 16 of the opening coil 4, which has a larger wire diameter. Because it needs to overcome the arc attraction force and the magnetic force of the upper permanent magnet 13, the upper stationary iron core 17 strengthens the magnetic field, attracting the upper magnetic conductor 11. The moving iron core 6 moves downward, and the moving contact 8 separates from the stationary contact 9, thus breaking the circuit. Subsequently, the first drive coil 16 is de-energized, and the lower magnetic conductor 14 engages with the lower permanent magnet 15 of the sealing cover 3, maintaining the circuit open. During this process, the moving iron core 6 moves downward, expanding the chamber. Outside air enters from the outer wall side through the two ventilation channels, rebalancing the air pressure.

[0023] Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic switch, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The upper end of the housing (1) is detachably fitted with a cover (2), and the lower end is threadedly connected with a sealing cover (3); the housing (1) is provided with an axially arranged opening coil (4) and closing coil (5), and an axially movable moving iron core (6) is provided at the axis of the opening coil (4) and closing coil (5); a push rod (7) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving iron core (6), and a moving contact (8) is provided at the upper end of the push rod (7); the lower end of the cover (2) has a corresponding moving contact (8) on its inner surface. The stationary contact (9) is electrically connected to the power terminal (10) located on the upper outer surface of the cover (2); an upper permanent magnet (13) is provided at the lower axis of the cover (2), and an upper magnetic conductor (11) is provided at the upper end of the moving iron core (6) in magnetic cooperation with the upper permanent magnet (13); a lower permanent magnet (15) is provided at the upper axis of the sealing cover (3), and a lower magnetic conductor (14) is provided at the lower end of the moving iron core (6) in magnetic cooperation with the lower permanent magnet (15).

2. An electromagnetic switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tripping coil (4) includes an upper stationary iron core (17) and a first driving coil (16) wound thereon, and the closing coil (5) includes a lower stationary iron core (19) and a second driving coil (18) wound thereon; the wire diameter of the first driving coil (16) is larger than the wire diameter of the second driving coil (18).

3. An electromagnetic switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover (2) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the shell (1) by bolts; the sealing cover (3) is connected to the lower end of the shell (1) by threads.

4. An electromagnetic switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ceramic plug (12) is fixedly connected to the middle position of the upper end of the stationary contact (9), and the upper end of the ceramic plug (12) is fixedly connected to the upper magnetic conductor (11).

5. An electromagnetic switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell of the closing coil (5) is provided with a first ventilation channel (20) that runs through its inner wall and outer wall, and the sealing cover (3) is provided with a second ventilation channel (21) that runs through its inner wall and outer wall; the first ventilation channel (20) and the second ventilation channel (21) are both inverted "V" shaped structures, and their air inlets leading to the inner wall are higher than their air outlets leading to the outer wall.

6. An electromagnetic switch according to claim 5, characterized in that: At least one bend is provided in the path between the first ventilation channel (20) and the second ventilation channel (21) to block external impurities from entering.

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