A novel UWB antenna structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel UWB antenna structure, including FR 4 medium base plate, the upper surface of FR 4 medium base plate is provided with leafy metal radiation patch, and the lower surface is provided with the archway type structure ground plate of axial symmetry, the leafy metal radiation patch is connected with rectangular metal patch and circular metal patch and is composed, a plurality of hole structures are etched in the middle part of circular metal patch, the middle position etching of archway type structure ground plate has a rectangular recess structure, through adopting archway type ground plate and setting up rectangular recess in the center thereof, this recessed structure effectively adjusts the surface current path of ground plate, significantly expands the working bandwidth of antenna, makes it can easily cover the whole UWB frequency band of 3.1 10.6GHz, and circular radiation patch also helps to realize broadband impedance matching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of UWB antennas, and in particular to a novel UWB antenna structure. Background Technology

[0002] UWB (Ultra Wideband) is a carrier-free communication technology that uses narrow, non-sinusoidal pulses in the nanosecond to microsecond range to transmit data. It is used for short-range, high-speed data transmission, such as using sub-nanosecond ultra-narrow pulses for precise indoor positioning at close range.

[0003] Therefore, it has the following characteristics: 1. The radiation wave range is relatively small; 2. High-speed data transmission can be achieved over short distances (i.e., the transmission of unit data is fast and stable).

[0004] The prototype of UWB technology was first used in the military field, with the core need being to overcome the limitations of traditional narrowband radar.

[0005] Radar detection requirements:

[0006] 1. Traditional narrowband radar is susceptible to interference and has low resolution, while UWB's wide spectrum characteristics can achieve higher range resolution and anti-interference capabilities, and can be used in scenarios such as through-wall detection, mine location, and precision guidance.

[0007] 2. Research during this period focused on the generation, transmission, and reception of time-domain pulse signals, laying the foundation for the design of subsequent UWB antennas. However, the technology was limited to military applications and was not made available to civilian use.

[0008] The spectrum license stipulates that its operating frequency band is 3.1-10.6 GHz, and the equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is limited to -41.3 dBm / MHz, ensuring that it will not interfere with existing narrowband systems. This policy has cleared a key obstacle for the civilian application of UWB, enabling companies and research institutions to openly develop UWB-related technologies. As a core component for signal transmission and reception, UWB antennas have also entered a rapid development phase.

[0009] With the development of mobile internet and the Internet of Things, the market demand for high-precision positioning and low-power short-range communication has surged, directly driving the iteration of UWB antenna technology.

[0010] Related issues include: traditional GPS fails indoors, and Bluetooth and Wi-Fi positioning accuracy is only at the meter level, while consumer electronics (such as mobile phones and smartwatches), smart homes, and automobiles require centimeter-level positioning, making UWB antennas the best solution. Therefore, to meet the miniaturization and low power consumption requirements of consumer electronics, UWB antennas have gradually evolved from early large radar antennas to miniaturized, integrated patch antennas, flexible antennas, and even co-packaged with other antennas (such as 5G antennas), further lowering the application threshold.

[0011] Therefore, designing a UWB antenna that is small in size, stable in performance, and low in cost has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the indoor positioning needs of current consumer electronics products. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a novel UWB antenna structure, aiming to design a UWB antenna with small size, stable performance, and low cost, which can be highly integrated into various consumer electronics products (i.e., how to apply it to existing electronic products), which is conducive to the widespread application of scenarios requiring high-precision indoor positioning.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a novel UWB antenna structure comprising an FR-4 dielectric substrate.

[0014] The upper surface of the FR-4 dielectric substrate is provided with a leaf-shaped metal radiating patch.

[0015] The lower surface is provided with an axisymmetric arch-shaped grounding plate;

[0016] The leaf-shaped metal radiating patch is composed of rectangular metal patches and circular metal patches connected together.

[0017] The circular metal patch has multiple holes etched in the center.

[0018] A rectangular groove structure is etched in the middle of the arch-shaped ground plane.

[0019] Advantages of this application:

[0020] 1. Excellent broadband performance:

[0021] By employing an arched ground plane with a rectangular groove in its center, this recessed structure effectively regulates the surface current path of the ground plane, significantly extending the antenna's operating bandwidth and enabling it to easily cover the entire UWB band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz; the circular radiating patch also helps achieve broadband impedance matching.

[0022] 2. Compact and miniaturized structure:

[0023] The antenna uses a single-layer FR-4 dielectric substrate, which has a simple structure. The combination of arched ground plane and leaf-shaped patch design helps to achieve good electrical performance within a limited size, which meets the requirements of modern wireless devices for antenna miniaturization.

[0024] 3. Excellent radiation characteristics:

[0025] The circular radiating patch itself helps to produce a symmetrical radiation pattern. Combined with a special ground plane design, this antenna is expected to maintain stable radiation characteristics throughout the entire operating frequency band, meeting the omnidirectional coverage requirements of UWB communication.

[0026] 4. Low cost and easy integration:

[0027] The antenna uses a common FR-4 epoxy glass cloth substrate, which is low in cost and has good mechanical properties, making it very suitable for commercial mass production. The entire structure is a planar printed form, which is easy to manufacture using standard PCB processes and can be easily integrated into various wireless communication modules.

[0028] 5. Place a blade-shaped radiating patch (i.e., a circular patch and a rectangular patch) on top of the FR-4 dielectric substrate. The radiating patch is made of copper and is attached to the top of the dielectric substrate.

[0029] In addition, there is a GND structure (i.e., an arch-shaped ground plane) below the dielectric substrate, which is mainly used to match the impedance of the antenna and realize its ultra-wideband characteristics. This antenna can achieve good return loss, radiation gain and radiation efficiency in the 2.1-12GHz frequency band, which improves the shortcomings of traditional ultra-wideband antennas such as large size, limited bandwidth, high cost and difficulty in manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a top view of the novel UWB antenna of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the novel UWB antenna of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 The figure shows the simulation results of the S11 coefficient versus frequency variation of the antenna described in this application.

[0033] Figure 4 The Smith chart and frequency variation simulation results of the antenna described in this application are shown.

[0034] Figure 5 The above diagram shows the simulation results of the total efficiency and frequency variation of the antenna described in this application.

[0035] Figure 6The antenna demo board structure described in this application and its 3D stereoscopic radiation pattern;

[0036] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of the antenna Figure 1 ;

[0037] Figure 8 For 3D illustration Figure 2 .

[0038] in,

[0039] 1. FR-4 dielectric substrate;

[0040] 2. Leaf-shaped metal radiating patch;

[0041] 3. Arch-shaped metal patch;

[0042] 4. Rectangular metal patch;

[0043] 5. Circular metal patch;

[0044] 6. Hollow structure;

[0045] 7. Rectangular groove structure;

[0046] 8. Power supply port. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0048] It should be noted that if any directional indication (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, counterclockwise, clockwise, circumferential, radial, axial, etc.) is involved in the embodiments of this utility model, the directional indication is only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0049] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," such descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a novel UWB antenna structure includes an FR-4 dielectric substrate.

[0051] A leaf-shaped metal radiating patch 2 is disposed on the upper surface of the FR-4 dielectric substrate.

[0052] The lower surface is provided with an axisymmetric arch-shaped grounding plate;

[0053] The leaf-shaped metal radiating patch 2 is composed of rectangular metal patches 4 and circular metal patches 5 connected together.

[0054] The circular metal patch 5 has multiple hole structures 6 etched in the middle.

[0055] A rectangular groove structure 7 is etched in the middle of the arch-shaped ground plane.

[0056] Advantages of this application:

[0057] 1. Excellent broadband performance:

[0058] By employing an arched ground plane with a rectangular groove in its center, this recessed structure effectively regulates the surface current path of the ground plane, significantly extending the antenna's operating bandwidth and enabling it to easily cover the entire UWB band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz; the circular radiating patch also helps achieve broadband impedance matching.

[0059] 2. Compact and miniaturized structure:

[0060] The antenna uses a single-layer FR-4 dielectric substrate, which has a simple structure. The combination of arched ground plane and leaf-shaped patch design helps to achieve good electrical performance within a limited size, which meets the requirements of modern wireless devices for antenna miniaturization.

[0061] 3. Excellent radiation characteristics:

[0062] The circular radiating patch itself helps to produce a symmetrical radiation pattern. Combined with a special ground plane design, this antenna is expected to maintain stable radiation characteristics throughout the entire operating frequency band, meeting the omnidirectional coverage requirements of UWB communication.

[0063] 4. Low cost and easy integration:

[0064] The antenna uses a common FR-4 epoxy glass cloth substrate, which is low in cost and has good mechanical properties, making it very suitable for commercial mass production. The entire structure is a planar printed form, which is easy to manufacture using standard PCB processes and can be easily integrated into various wireless communication modules.

[0065] 5. Place a blade-shaped radiating patch (i.e., a circular patch and a rectangular patch) on top of the FR-4 dielectric substrate. The radiating patch is made of copper and is attached to the top of the dielectric substrate.

[0066] In addition, there is a GND structure (i.e., an arch-shaped ground plane) below the dielectric substrate, which is mainly used to match the impedance of the antenna and realize its ultra-wideband characteristics. This antenna can achieve good return loss, radiation gain and radiation efficiency in the 2.1-12GHz frequency band, which improves the shortcomings of traditional ultra-wideband antennas such as large size, limited bandwidth, high cost and difficulty in manufacturing.

[0067] FR-4 is a sheet-like pressed product made by impregnating special electronic cloth with epoxy phenolic epoxy resin and then hot-pressing it under high temperature and pressure. Epoxy fiberglass cloth substrate (commonly known as: epoxy board, fiberboard, fiberboard, FR4). Epoxy fiberglass cloth substrate is a type of substrate that uses epoxy resin as a binder and electronic-grade fiberglass cloth as a reinforcing material. Epoxy fiberglass cloth copper-clad laminate has high strength, good heat resistance, good dielectric properties, and the substrate through-holes can be metallized, realizing circuit conduction between double-sided multilayer printed layers. Epoxy fiberglass cloth copper-clad laminate is the most widely used and consumed type of copper-clad laminate.

[0068] Specifically, the rectangular metal patch 4 serves as a feeder to transmit signals to the circular metal patch 5, which can transfer microwave signal energy from the port to the circular metal patch 5.

[0069] Specifically, the arch-shaped ground plane is disposed close to the lower edge of the FR-4 dielectric substrate, and the width of the rectangular groove on it is the same as the width of the rectangular metal patch 4 on the upper surface, that is, the arch-shaped ground plane extends from the rectangular metal patch 4 to the arch-shaped ground plane.

[0070] Specifically, the holes are provided in six parts and are distributed in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the center of the circular metal patch 5.

[0071] Specifically, the holes are triangular, elliptical, fan-shaped, or elongated.

[0072] Specifically, the antenna operates in a frequency band covering the ultra-wideband standard of 3.1-10.6 GHz.

[0073] Specifically, the arch-shaped GND is close to the lower edge of the dielectric substrate, and a power supply port 8 is formed between the arch-shaped GND and the metal patch.

[0074] This allows electrons to form a good closed loop between the radiating patch and the metal GND, radiating electromagnetic energy into free space. The arch-shaped GND consists of a rectangular metal structure with a chamfered structure on each of its upper left and right sides, forming an arch-shaped structure. A small rectangular groove needs to be etched in the middle, mainly to adjust the characteristic impedance of the GND and match the broadband impedance of the antenna.

[0075] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the novel UWB antenna includes an FR_4 dielectric substrate 1 with a dielectric constant of 4.4.

[0076] The volume can be optimized and adjusted according to different design requirements. A blade-shaped metal patch is mounted on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate using existing technology, and an arch-shaped metal patch 3 is mounted on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0077] The upper leaf-shaped metal patch and the lower arch-shaped metal patch 3 are located on the upper and lower sides of the dielectric substrate, respectively, and are connected to the incident port.

[0078] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown,

[0079] The 3D structure of the antenna model proposed in this application was simulated using ANSYS high-frequency electromagnetic simulation software, and the curves of the S11 coefficient and Smith chart of the novel UWB antenna involved in this application as a function of frequency were obtained.

[0080] The novel UWB antenna described in this application has an operating bandwidth of 10,000 MHz (2100 MHz - 12100 MHz), which meets the basic engineering requirements of UWB antennas (3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz).

[0081] like Figure 5 As shown,

[0082] The graph shows the antenna's total efficiency as a function of frequency. As can be seen from the graph, different center frequencies correspond to different radiation efficiencies, and the parameters meet the basic engineering requirements.

[0083] like Figure 6 As shown,

[0084] The image shows a 3D radiation pattern of the antenna on its three-dimensional structure. It is evident that the novel UWB antenna involved in this application has good radiation characteristics at different frequency points, meeting the basic engineering parameter requirements.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. All equivalent structural transformations made under the inventive concept of the present utility model using the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A novel UWB antenna structure, characterized in that, Including FR-4 dielectric substrate (1). The upper surface of the FR-4 dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a leaf-shaped metal radiation patch (2). The lower surface is provided with an axisymmetric arch-shaped grounding plate (6). The leaf-shaped metal radiation patch (2) is composed of a rectangular metal patch (3) and a circular metal patch (4) connected together. The circular metal patch (4) has multiple hole structures (5) etched in the middle. A rectangular groove structure (7) is etched in the middle of the arch-shaped ground plane (6).

2. The novel UWB antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular metal patch (3) serves as a feeder to transmit signals to the circular metal patch (4).

3. The novel UWB antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arch-shaped ground plane (6) is set close to the lower edge of the FR-4 dielectric substrate (1), and the width of the rectangular groove structure (7) on it is the same as the width of the rectangular metal patch (3) on the upper surface.

4. The novel UWB antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The holes are six in number and are distributed in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the center of the circular metal patch (4).

5. The novel UWB antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The holes are triangular, oval, fan-shaped, or elongated.

6. A novel UWB antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The antenna operates in a frequency band covering the 3.1-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband standard.

7. A novel UWB antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The arch-shaped GND (6) is close to the lower edge of the dielectric substrate, and a power supply port (8) is formed between the arch-shaped GND (6) and the metal patch (3).

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