Antenna cover and vehicle-mounted radar
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522580985.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-04
AI Technical Summary
由于天线方向图对于中程模式需要大视场（FOV），在较大角度下的损耗更大，天线方向图将会受到影响
[0026]本实用新型实施例提供一种天线罩，天线罩包括匹配层，匹配外部环境空间和介质层，改善波的透射。以实现较少依赖于入射角，制造简单，成本低，改善天线的辐射方向图。
Smart Images
Figure CN224804198U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to radomes and vehicle-mounted radar. Background Technology
[0002] Vehicle-mounted radar is covered by a radome. Due to the short wavelength of millimeter waves, it is crucial to ensure that signals pass through the radome without interference to avoid degrading the performance of the transmitting and receiving antennas. The design of the radome material is critical for maintaining the gain modes of the transmitting and receiving antennas. Low-dielectric-constant materials reduce reflections caused by the difference in impedance between the space and the dielectric layer material in the radome. Reducing reflections will decrease the impact on pattern gain and insertion loss. Constructing a radome with a low-dielectric-constant material allows for good transparency of the radome to the required radio frequency; however, the radome needs to be a robust structure, so the low dielectric constant cannot be as low as desired.
[0003] The transmission and reflection of a radome are determined by the incident angle and dielectric constant of the dielectric layer. Therefore, at larger angles, reflection becomes higher and transmission becomes lower. Since the antenna pattern requires a large field of view (FOV) for mid-range mode, losses are greater at larger angles, which will affect the antenna pattern. Not only will the FOV decrease, but the pattern will also exhibit ripples. Utility Model Content
[0004] This utility model provides an antenna radome and vehicle-mounted radar to improve wave transmission, which is less dependent on the incident angle, simple to manufacture, low in cost, and improves the radiation pattern of the antenna.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna radome, comprising a dielectric layer and a matching layer disposed on at least one side of the dielectric layer, wherein the matching layer comprises a metamaterial structure comprising a plurality of periodically arranged metamaterial cells, and the dielectric constant of the matching layer is [insert value here]. ,in, The dielectric constant of air is . is the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer.
[0006] Optionally, the metamaterial cell comprises:
[0007] A substrate, the substrate comprising opposing first and second surfaces;
[0008] A first metamaterial structure is disposed on the first surface;
[0009] A second metamaterial structure is disposed on the second surface;
[0010] The first metamaterial structure and the second metamaterial structure overlap in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.
[0011] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the first metamaterial structure onto the substrate coincides with the orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure onto the substrate.
[0012] Optionally, the first metamaterial structure includes a cylindrical opening or a protruding cylinder.
[0013] Optionally, the second metamaterial structure includes a cylindrical opening.
[0014] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the first metamaterial structure onto the substrate includes a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon;
[0015] The orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure onto the substrate includes a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.
[0016] Optionally, the matching layer includes a first matching layer and a second matching layer, wherein the first matching layer is located between the antenna and the dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer is located between the first matching layer and the second matching layer.
[0017] Optionally, the metamaterial cell comprises:
[0018] A substrate, the substrate comprising opposing first and second surfaces;
[0019] A first metamaterial structure is disposed on the first surface;
[0020] A second metamaterial structure is disposed on the second surface;
[0021] In a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the first metamaterial structure and the second metamaterial structure overlap.
[0022] The first metamaterial structure includes a protruding cylinder;
[0023] The first metamaterial structure in the second matching layer is disposed on the surface of the second matching layer away from the dielectric layer.
[0024] Optionally, the matching layer and the dielectric layer are formed of the same plastic material.
[0025] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle-mounted radar, including an antenna radome as described in the first aspect.
[0026] This invention provides an antenna radome including a matching layer, a matching external environment space, and a dielectric layer to improve wave transmission. This achieves less dependence on the incident angle, simple manufacturing, low cost, and improved antenna radiation pattern. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an antenna radome provided for an embodiment of this utility model;
[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a matching layer provided for an embodiment of this utility model;
[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metamaterial cell of the matching layer shown in the figure;
[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the metamaterial unit cell shown;
[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another matching layer provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metamaterial cell of the matching layer shown in the figure;
[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the metamaterial unit cell shown;
[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another antenna radome provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the insertion loss of three different types of radomes when the incident angle is 0°.
[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the insertion loss of three different types of radomes when the incident angle is 80°.
[0037] Figure 11 The diagram shows the S-parameter transmission loss of four different types of radomes when the incident angle is 0°.
[0038] Figure 12 The diagram shows the S-parameter transmission loss of four different types of radomes when the incident angle is 80°.
[0039] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted radar provided for an embodiment of this utility model;
[0040] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted radar provided for an embodiment of this utility model;
[0041] Figure 15 for Figure 13 The diagram shows the array orientation of the vehicle-mounted radar.
[0042] Figure 16 for Figure 14The diagram shows the azimuth of the vehicle-mounted radar array. Detailed Implementation
[0043] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.
[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna radome provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 1 When the incident field propagates from the external environment into the dielectric layer 120 with a certain dielectric constant, some waves are transmitted and some are reflected. This is due to the different dielectric constants of the two media, resulting in a lack of matching between them. In this embodiment, the radome includes a dielectric layer 120 and a matching layer 100 disposed on at least one side of the dielectric layer 120. The matching layer 100 includes a metamaterial structure comprising a plurality of periodically arranged metamaterial cells 110. The dielectric constant of the matching layer 100 is... ,in, The dielectric constant of air is . The dielectric constant of dielectric layer 120 is given. A matching layer 100 is employed, and its dielectric constant is designed to match the external environment space and dielectric layer 120, thereby improving wave transmission.
[0045] A radome is disposed around the periphery of the antenna 130. The radome includes a dielectric layer 120 and at least one matching layer 100. Because the radome includes the matching layer 100, which is used to improve wave transmission (including wave transmission from the external ambient space to the antenna 130, and / or wave transmission from the antenna 130 to the external ambient space), it achieves less dependence on the angle of incidence, simpler manufacturing, lower cost, and improved radiation pattern of the antenna. The radome design can increase beamwidth while reducing ripple in the radiation pattern.
[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a matching layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metamaterial cell of the matching layer shown. Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the metamaterial cell shown, for reference. Figures 2-4The matching layer 100 includes a plurality of periodically arranged metamaterial cells 110; each metamaterial cell 110 includes a substrate 103, a first metamaterial structure 21, and a second metamaterial structure 22. The substrate 103 includes a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 opposite to each other; the first metamaterial structure 21 is disposed on the first surface 101; the second metamaterial structure 22 is disposed on the second surface 102; the first metamaterial structure 21 and the second metamaterial structure 22 overlap in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 103.
[0047] The radome provided in this embodiment of the invention has a first metamaterial structure 21 and a second metamaterial structure 22 formed on two opposite surfaces of a substrate 103. The first metamaterial structure 21 and the second metamaterial structure 22 are disposed opposite to each other. This matching layer is used to improve wave transmission, thereby achieving less dependence on the incident angle, simple manufacturing, low cost, and improved antenna radiation pattern. These waves may include millimeter waves.
[0048] Optionally, refer to Figures 2-4 The orthographic projection of the first metamaterial structure 21 onto the substrate 103 coincides with the orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure 22 onto the substrate 103. The first metamaterial structure 21 and the second metamaterial structure 22 have the same aperture and are positioned opposite each other.
[0049] Optionally, refer to Figures 2-4 The first metamaterial structure 21 includes a cylindrical opening. The first metamaterial structure 21 is a cylindrical opening formed on the first surface 101 of the substrate 103.
[0050] Optionally, refer to Figures 2-4 The second metamaterial structure 22 includes a cylindrical opening. The second metamaterial structure 22 is a cylindrical opening formed on the second surface 102 of the substrate 103.
[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another matching layer provided in an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metamaterial cell of the matching layer shown. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the metamaterial cell shown, for reference. Figures 5-7 The first metamaterial structure 21 includes a protruding cylinder. The first metamaterial structure 21 is a protruding structure disposed on the first surface 101 of the substrate 103. The second metamaterial structure 22 includes a cylindrical opening. The second metamaterial structure 22 is a cylindrical opening formed on the second surface 102 of the substrate 103.
[0052] Optionally, refer to Figures 2-7The orthographic projection of the first metamaterial structure 21 onto the substrate 103 is a circle, and the orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure 22 onto the substrate 103 is a circle. In other embodiments, the orthographic projection of the first metamaterial structure 21 onto the substrate 103 is an ellipse or a polygon, and the orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure 22 onto the substrate 103 is an ellipse or a polygon.
[0053] For example, refer to Figure 1 The matching layer 100 includes a first matching layer 111, which is located between the antenna 130 and the dielectric layer 120. The first matching layer 111 may include a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 3. Alternatively, the first matching layer 111 may include a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 6. When the first matching layer 111 includes a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 6, the second metamaterial structure 22 is located between the first metamaterial structure 21 and the dielectric layer 120, or the first metamaterial structure 21 is located between the second metamaterial structure 22 and the dielectric layer 120.
[0054] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another radome provided in this embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 8 The matching layer 100 includes a first matching layer 111 and a second matching layer 112. The first matching layer 111 is located between the antenna 130 and the dielectric layer 120, and the dielectric layer 120 is located between the first matching layer 111 and the second matching layer 112. The second matching layer 112 is located on the side of the dielectric layer 120 away from the antenna 130. The second matching layer 112 may include a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 3. Alternatively, the second matching layer 112 may include a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 6. When the second matching layer 112 includes a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 6, the second metamaterial structure 22 is located between the first metamaterial structure 21 and the dielectric layer 120, or the first metamaterial structure 21 is located between the second metamaterial structure 22 and the dielectric layer 120.
[0055] Optionally, the first metamaterial structure 21 in the second matching layer 112 is disposed on the surface of the second matching layer 112 away from the dielectric layer 120. It is understood that the second metamaterial structure 22 is located between the first metamaterial structure 21 and the dielectric layer 120, with the first metamaterial structure 21 facing the external environment. In severe weather conditions such as rain and snow, the protruding cylinder will not retain rain, snow, or dust for a long time, reducing damage to the second matching layer 112 in the radome.
[0056] Optionally, the matching layer 100 and the dielectric layer 120 are formed using the same plastic material. This reduces the difficulty of fabricating the matching layer 100. Creating a periodic structure within the plastic sheet used for the matching layer 100 allows for the formation of a metamaterial layer through a simplified manufacturing process. The metamaterial layer includes a first metamaterial structure 21 or a second metamaterial structure 22. The radome provided in this embodiment of the invention comprises only plastic material, contains no metal, and does not include metal patches, simplifying the manufacturing process.
[0057] It is understandable that when using metallic materials in the design to alter the radiation pattern, each element receives the electromagnetic wave and then retransmits it through a phase difference. That is, it receives first and then transmits. The radome provided in this embodiment of the invention consists entirely of plastic material and contains no metal. This embodiment uses a medium with relatively low reflection. Through the structural design of the matching layer 100 and / or the dielectric layer 120, it achieves a radiation pattern that is less dependent on the incident angle and improves the antenna's radiation pattern. In related technologies using metallic materials, the beamwidth is reduced, resulting in higher gain. The working principle of this embodiment of the invention differs from this approach in that it widens the beamwidth, increasing the beam width while simultaneously reducing the ripple in the radiation pattern.
[0058] For example, the frequency of the wave transmitted or received by antenna 130 is 77 GHz. The plastic material used for matching layer 100 and dielectric layer 120 is 77 GHz low-loss plastic.
[0059] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates the insertion loss of three different types of radomes when the incident angle is 0°. Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the insertion loss of three different types of radomes at an incident angle of 80°. (Refer to...) Figure 9 and Figure 10 , The value is 2.95. The incident angle refers to the angle projected from the external ambient space onto the radome. Three different types of radomes are included: Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. Type 1 radomes only include the dielectric layer 120 and do not have a matching layer 100. Type 2 radomes include the dielectric layer 120 and a first matching layer 111. Type 3 radomes include the dielectric layer 120, a first matching layer 111, and a second matching layer 112. It can be seen that due to the presence of the matching layer 100, for larger incident angles, the insertion loss is reduced, and the overall dependence on the incident angle is also reduced.
[0060] Figure 11 This diagram illustrates the S-parameter transmission loss of four different types of radomes at an incident angle of 0°. Figure 12This diagram illustrates the S-parameter transmission loss of four different types of radomes at an incident angle of 80°. The four types of radomes include a first type, a second type, a first sub-type, and a second sub-type. The first type radome consists only of a dielectric layer 120 and lacks a matching layer 100. The thickness at half the antenna wavelength is h = 1.13 mm. The second type radome includes a dielectric layer 120 and a first matching layer 111. The first matching layer 111 includes a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 3. The first sub-type radome includes a dielectric layer 120, a first matching layer 111, and a second matching layer 112. Both the first and second matching layers 111 and 112 include metamaterial cells 110 as shown in Figure 3. The second sub-type radome includes a dielectric layer 120, a first matching layer 111, and a second matching layer 112. The first matching layer 111 includes a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 3. The second matching layer 112 includes a metamaterial cell 110 as shown in Figure 6.
[0061] This utility model embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted radar. Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted radar provided for an embodiment of this utility model, with reference to... Figure 13 The vehicle-mounted radar includes the radome 200 described in the above embodiments. The vehicle-mounted radar may also include an antenna 130. The radome 200 is disposed around the periphery of the antenna 130.
[0062] For example, refer to Figure 13 Antenna 130 includes a patch antenna.
[0063] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted radar provided for an embodiment of this utility model, with reference to... Figure 14 Antenna 130 includes a comb antenna.
[0064] Figure 15 for Figure 13 The diagram shows the array orientation of the vehicle-mounted radar. Figure 16 for Figure 14 The array orientation diagram of the vehicle-mounted radar shown is for reference. Figure 15 and Figure 16 Vehicle-mounted radar improves wave transmission, becomes less dependent on the incident angle, and improves the antenna's radiation pattern.
[0065] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. An antenna radome, characterized in that, The system includes a dielectric layer and a matching layer disposed on at least one side of the dielectric layer, wherein the matching layer includes a metamaterial structure comprising a plurality of periodically arranged metamaterial cells, and the dielectric constant of the matching layer is [insert value here]. ,in, Where is the dielectric constant of air. is the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer.
2. The radome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metamaterial unit cell includes: A substrate, the substrate comprising opposing first and second surfaces; A first metamaterial structure is disposed on the first surface; A second metamaterial structure is disposed on the second surface; The first metamaterial structure overlaps with the second metamaterial structure in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.
3. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the first metamaterial structure onto the substrate coincides with the orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure onto the substrate.
4. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first metamaterial structure includes a cylindrical opening or a protruding cylinder.
5. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second metamaterial structure includes cylindrical openings.
6. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the first metamaterial structure onto the substrate includes a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon; The orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure onto the substrate includes a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.
7. The radome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matching layer includes a first matching layer and a second matching layer, wherein the first matching layer is located between the antenna and the dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer is located between the first matching layer and the second matching layer.
8. The radome according to claim 7, characterized in that, The metamaterial unit cell includes: A substrate, the substrate comprising opposing first and second surfaces; A first metamaterial structure is disposed on the first surface; A second metamaterial structure is disposed on the second surface; In a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the first metamaterial structure and the second metamaterial structure overlap. The first metamaterial structure includes a protruding cylinder; The first metamaterial structure in the second matching layer is disposed on the surface of the second matching layer away from the dielectric layer.
9. The radome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matching layer and the dielectric layer are formed using the same plastic material.
10. A vehicle-mounted radar, characterized in that, Including the radome as described in any one of claims 1-9.