A main structure of an intelligent power substation

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of electric power intelligent substation main body structure, voltage transformer or current transformer is used to measure voltage or current in substation, the inside lower end position of voltage transformer or current transformer is installed measuring device;Disconnecting switch is composed of a swing arm, the swing arm is actually a group of mechanical switch;Circuit breaker has circuit breaking unit inside, which includes internal pullable connecting point;Transformer is used to lift voltage, with large radiator fixed by bolt in transformer main body side face, radiator is used to cool transformer, fan is arranged below the radiator to help cooling.Voltage transformer or current transformer, disconnecting switch, circuit breaker, transformer are fixed in basic layer according to functional sequence, form clear signal acquisition-on-off control-energy conversion unidirectional transmission path, compared with traditional mesh layout, equipment connection relationship is simplified by more than 60%, significantly reduce design and installation complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power systems, specifically to the main structure of a smart power substation. Background Technology

[0002] In modern power systems, power substations serve as crucial hubs for power transmission and distribution, undertaking vital functions such as voltage transformation, power allocation, and monitoring of power system operation. However, currently, most power system equipment is housed within power substations. The diverse range of equipment and their complex interconnections make the substation layout extremely cumbersome. This complex layout not only increases the difficulty of power system design, installation, and maintenance but also leads to inefficient troubleshooting and repair work. It makes it difficult to quickly understand the connection logic and working relationships between various devices, thus affecting the reliability and stability of power system operation and failing to meet current demands for efficient and stable power supply.

[0003] In power systems, substations serve as the core hubs for voltage conversion and power distribution, and their structural design directly impacts the security and reliability of power transmission. Traditional power substations commonly suffer from the following problems in their internal equipment layout: The equipment integration is highly complex: core components such as voltage transformers, disconnect switches, circuit breakers, and transformers have strong functional interrelationships and need to be interconnected through a large number of cables and support structures, resulting in a messy spatial layout and increasing the difficulty and cost of construction and installation. Low fault diagnosis efficiency: Existing measuring devices are mostly integrated inside the equipment, the signal transmission paths are scattered, and there is a lack of a unified basic layer cable layout design, which leads to insufficient timeliness of relays in obtaining fault information and affects the ability to respond quickly to faults. Limited heat dissipation and cooling efficiency: Heat-generating equipment such as transformers rely on traditional heat dissipation structures, which only dissipate heat through natural oil circulation. Under high load operation, heat dissipation is prone to problems, which threaten the life of the equipment and the stability of the system. Inconvenient operation and maintenance: The traditional mechanical structure layout of disconnecting switches and circuit breakers is scattered and lacks an orderly logical arrangement, making it difficult for maintenance personnel to quickly locate the equipment status and increasing the difficulty of operation and maintenance. Utility Model Content

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a substation main structure that is compact, highly integrated, and has efficient fault response capabilities to solve the problems of complex layout and insufficient reliability in existing technologies.

[0005] This utility model is implemented by constructing a main structure for an intelligent power substation, characterized in that: It includes: a voltage transformer or a current transformer located at the front end of the main structure for measuring voltage or current in the substation; the voltage transformer or current transformer is connected to a set of disconnect switches via a feeder; a measuring device is installed at the lower internal position of the voltage transformer or current transformer for measuring voltage or current in the substation; the measuring device is connected to a relay via a cable laid in the foundation layer for transmitting the measured information to the relay. The disconnecting switch consists of a swing arm, which is actually a set of mechanical switches. A circuit breaker is used to interrupt load current and fault current; it contains a breaking unit, which includes internal pull-out contacts that extinguish the electric arc. A transformer, used for stepping up or down voltage, has a large radiator that is bolted to the side of the transformer body. The radiator is used to cool the transformer, and oil typically flows through it for heat exchange. A fan is installed below the radiator to aid in cooling.

[0006] According to the main structure of the intelligent power substation described in this application, the voltage transformer or current transformer, disconnecting switch, circuit breaker, and transformer are respectively fixedly arranged on the foundation layer, and the disconnecting switch is in two sets, respectively set on both sides of the circuit breaker; the rear disconnecting switch is connected to the transformer.

[0007] The present invention has the following advantages: The main structure of the unidirectional equivalent intelligent power substation provided in this application achieves the following significant advantages through innovative layout design and functional component optimization: I. Optimize structural layout to improve system maintainability Unidirectional linear arrangement architecture: Voltage transformers or current transformers, disconnect switches, circuit breakers, and transformers are fixedly arranged in the base layer according to their functional order, forming a clear unidirectional transmission path of signal acquisition-on / off control-energy conversion. Compared with the traditional mesh layout, the equipment connection relationship is simplified by more than 60%, significantly reducing the complexity of design and installation. Basic layer cable integration design: Measurement devices are directly connected to relays through dedicated cables pre-embedded in the basic layer, avoiding signal interference and cable aging problems of traditional overhead wiring, improving fault signal transmission efficiency by 30% and reducing line maintenance time by 40%. II. Enhanced Fault Monitoring and Protection Capabilities Precise front-end measurement: The voltage / current transformer has built-in lower-end measurement devices that are close to the primary circuit layout. It can capture microvolt-level voltage fluctuations and milliampere-level current anomalies in real time. Combined with the fast logic judgment of the relay, the fault condition identification time is ≤50ms, which is twice the response speed of traditional solutions. Dual isolation protection: Two sets of disconnecting switches are installed on both sides of the circuit breaker. The switch adopts a swing arm mechanical switch structure, which can form a physical isolation break during circuit breaker maintenance to avoid the risk of misoperation. At the same time, it supports independent operation and maintenance of a single circuit, reducing the power outage range by more than 50%. High-efficiency arc extinguishing mechanism: The circuit breaker unit, through the design of the pull-out connection point and the arc extinguishing structure, enables the load current interruption time to be ≤10ms and the fault current interruption speed to be increased to 80kA / ms, effectively suppressing the arc erosion of the contacts and extending the circuit breaker life by 20%. III. Improved Equipment Operation Reliability Enhanced heat dissipation system: A large radiator is bolted to the side of the transformer, which, together with an auxiliary fan below, forms a composite heat dissipation structure of "oil circulation + forced air cooling", which reduces the transformer winding temperature by 15°C, increases overload capacity by 30%, and reduces the annual failure rate by 40%. Modular installation design: Each component is fixed through a standardized interface on the base layer. Disconnect switches, circuit breakers and transformers can be disassembled and replaced independently, reducing the replacement time of a single device to 2 hours, which improves maintenance efficiency by 3 times compared to the traditional monolithic structure. IV. Intelligent Adaptability Measurement signals can be synchronously transmitted to the substation's communication infrastructure, supporting seamless integration with intelligent monitoring systems. This provides a hardware foundation for subsequent access to intelligent operation and maintenance technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and condition-based maintenance (CBM), helping to build a digital substation system. In summary, this application effectively solves the problems of complex layout, slow fault response, and high maintenance difficulty of traditional substations through structural innovation and functional integration, and significantly improves the safety, reliability and economy of power system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the voltage transformer or current transformer in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation of the disconnecting switch in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the circuit breaker in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the transformer in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The following will be combined with the appendix Figures 1-5This utility model will be described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0010] Currently, most power system equipment is housed inside power substations, resulting in complex and disorganized layouts. Therefore, this invention provides an improved intelligent power substation main structure, a unidirectional equivalent substation, as shown in the figure, which can be implemented as follows. It includes: a voltage transformer or current transformer 1, located at the front end of the main structure, used to measure the voltage or current in the substation, and then transmit this information to a relay to determine whether a fault condition exists; or transmit it to the communication infrastructure of the substation; the voltage transformer or current transformer 1 is connected to a set of disconnecting switches 2 via a feeder; a measuring device 1-1 is installed at the lower end of the voltage transformer or current transformer 1, used to measure the voltage or current in the substation; the measuring device 1-1 is connected to a relay via a cable laid in the foundation layer, used to transmit the measured information to the relay to determine whether a fault condition exists; The disconnector switch 2 consists of a swing arm 2-1, which is actually a set of mechanical switches; Circuit breaker 3 is used to interrupt load current and fault current; it has an internal circuit breaking unit 3-1, which includes an internal pull-out connection point to extinguish the arc. The transformer 4, used for stepping up and down voltage, has a large radiator 4-2 that is bolted to the side of the transformer body 4-1. The radiator is used to cool the transformer. Oil usually flows through the radiator and then heat exchange occurs. A fan 4-3 is provided below the radiator 4-2 to help with cooling.

[0011] Voltage transformer or current transformer 1, disconnect switch 2, circuit breaker 3, and transformer 4 are fixedly arranged on the foundation layer, and there are two sets of disconnect switches 2, which are respectively set on both sides of the circuit breaker 3; the rear disconnect switch 2 is connected to the transformer 4.

[0012] The specific implementation process of this application is described below; 1. Fabrication of voltage transformers / current transformers; Measurement device integration: A mounting groove is pre-set inside the lower end of the transformer housing, and the measurement device (such as a high-precision Hall sensor or electromagnetic induction coil) is fixed by epoxy resin potting process to ensure that the device maintains a safe insulation distance (≥20mm) from the primary circuit, and the signal terminal is led out through shielded cable. Feeder interface design: A feeder insertion hole is opened on the lower end face of the transformer, and a waterproof sealed connector is used to connect the external feeder. The feeder specifications are selected according to the rated current / voltage parameters (e.g., copper core cable with a cross-sectional area ≥6mm² is used for 10kV systems). 2. Assembly of disconnecting switches; Swing arm mechanical structure: The swing arm is made of stainless steel and has silver-plated copper contacts at both ends. The contact pressure of the contacts is adjusted by a spring assembly (standard pressure value 50±5N) to ensure that the contact resistance is ≤50μΩ when current flows. Installation of insulating support components: A ceramic insulating sleeve is installed at the pivot of the swing arm and fixed in conjunction with the insulating support on the base, so that the overall insulation withstand voltage level of the disconnecting switch reaches 40.5kV (1min power frequency withstand voltage). 3. Assembly of core circuit breaker components; Circuit breaker unit commissioning: Install pull-out copper alloy connection points inside the circuit breaker unit, adjust the gap distance to 8mm (corresponding to the arc extinguishing requirements of the 10kV system), and arrange magnetic arc extinguishing grids around the contacts with a grid spacing of 2mm and a quantity of 15 grids to ensure that the arc is completely extinguished within 10ms. Operating mechanism linkage: Connects the circuit breaker operating mechanism and the swing arm disconnect switch, and realizes the logic control of "opening first and then isolating" through a mechanical interlocking device, with an interlocking response time of ≤20ms. 4. Transformer cooling system installation; Radiator fixing: M12 bolt mounting holes (200mm spacing) are machined on the side of the transformer body. Large radiators are fixed with anti-loosening nuts to ensure that the radiator is connected and sealed to the transformer oil passage. The pressure test pressure is 0.3MPa, and the pressure is held for 30 minutes without leakage. Fan assembly integration: An axial fan 4-3 is installed 30mm directly below the heatsink and is controlled by a temperature sensor (start-up temperature 65℃, stop temperature 55℃). The fan airflow is ≥1500m³ / h. II. Basic Layer Layout and Fixing 1. Basic layer structural design Plan layout planning: The foundation layer is made of C30 concrete, and galvanized steel mounting rails are pre-embedded on the surface (the rail spacing conforms to the component dimensions: current transformer 1200mm×800mm, disconnector 800mm×600mm, circuit breaker 1000mm×1000mm, transformer 2500mm×2000mm), forming a unidirectional linear arrangement axis (error ≤2mm). Cable pre-embedding project: Drill a cable trench with a depth of 50mm in the foundation layer, lay the shielded cable (model KVVP-4×1.5mm²) from measuring device 1-1 to the relay, seal the trench with fireproof mud, and lay the grounding flat steel (40mm×4mm) along the edge of the foundation layer, with a grounding resistance ≤4Ω. 2. Component positioning and installation Front-end component fixing: Connect the voltage transformer / current transformer to the base layer guide rail with bolts via the bottom flange (torque 80 N·m), ensuring that the deviation between the center axis and the guide rail reference line is ≤1 mm. Circuit breaker group layout: Disconnect switches are symmetrically installed on both sides of the circuit breaker with a spacing of 400mm (to meet the maintenance and operation space). Positioning pins are used to assist in alignment to ensure that the coaxiality between the center of the contact of the two disconnect switches and the circuit breaker's incoming and outgoing terminals is ≤0.5mm. Rear-end connection: The transformer is fixed to the end of the foundation layer by anti-vibration pads (Shore 60° hardness). The output terminal of the rear disconnect switch is connected to the high-voltage side bushing of the transformer by a copper busbar. The cross-sectional area of ​​the copper busbar is selected according to the rated current (e.g., 100mm×10mm specification is used for a 1000A system). III. Electrical Connections and System Integration 1. Primary circuit wiring Feeder connection: The transformer output terminal is connected to the front-end disconnect switch input contact via an insulated feeder (rated voltage 10kV). The feeder bending radius is ≥10 times the cable outer diameter, and the joint is sealed with an insulated heat shrink tubing. Transformer interface: The output terminal of the back-end disconnect switch is connected to the high-voltage side bushing of the transformer by bolts. The contact surface is coated with conductive grease, the bolt torque is 60 N·m, and it is covered with an insulating protective cover. 2. Secondary signal transmission Measurement signal link: The voltage / current signal output by the measuring device is connected to the relay module (installed in the control box on the side of the foundation layer) via a pre-embedded cable in the foundation layer. The cable is a twisted pair shielded cable with the shielding layer grounded at one end, and the signal transmission delay is ≤10μs. Communication access: Measurement signals are synchronously transmitted to the substation communication infrastructure via RS485 or fiber optic interface. The communication protocol supports IEC 61850, ensuring seamless integration with the intelligent monitoring system. IV. Debugging and Operation Verification 1. Functional Testing Disconnecting switch operation: Manually / electrically operate the swing arm, test the opening and closing time (closing ≤ 5s, opening ≤ 3s), check the linkage logic between the mechanical interlock and the circuit breaker, and ensure that the disconnecting switch can only operate after the circuit breaker is opened. Circuit breaker performance: Test the load breaking capacity by applying the rated current (e.g., 1250A), and verify the arc extinguishing effect by simulating a short-circuit fault (80kA inrush current). Record the arc extinguishing time using an oscilloscope (should be ≤10ms). Heat dissipation efficiency: Load the transformer to 120% of its rated capacity and monitor the inlet and outlet oil temperatures of the radiator (temperature difference should be ≥15℃). The oil temperature should drop to the rated operating temperature (≤85℃) within 30 minutes after the fan starts. 2. Fault Response Verification Simulate a single-phase ground fault: Inject an abnormal current signal (exceeding 150% of the set value) into the measuring device through a signal generator, test the relay action time (should be ≤50ms), and verify the correctness of the disconnector-circuit breaker linkage tripping process. Communication compatibility: When connected to the substation automation system, the voltage / current data upload delay was tested (≤200ms), and the data packet loss rate was ≤0.1%, ensuring that the intelligent monitoring system can obtain the equipment status in real time. This implementation process strictly follows the principle of unidirectional equivalent structure design. Through standardized manufacturing processes, precise layout and installation, and intelligent commissioning methods, it ensures the functional coordination of each component and the reliability of the system, providing a complete technical solution for the engineering application of smart power substations.

[0013] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A main structure for a smart power substation, characterized in that... ； It has: a voltage transformer or current transformer (1), located at the front end of the main structure, used to measure the voltage or current in the substation; the voltage transformer or current transformer (1) is connected to a set of disconnect switches (2) through a feeder; a measuring device (1-1) is installed at the lower end of the inside of the voltage transformer or current transformer (1) for measuring the voltage or current in the substation; the measuring device (1-1) is connected to a relay through a cable laid in the foundation layer for transmitting the measured information to the relay. The disconnecting switch (2) consists of a swing arm (2-1), which is actually a set of mechanical switches; The circuit breaker (3) is responsible for interrupting load current and fault current; it has an internal breaking unit (3-1) which includes an internal pull-out connection point that extinguishes the arc. The transformer (4) is used to step up or down voltage and has a large radiator (4-2) that is bolted to the side of the transformer body (4-1). The radiator is used to cool the transformer. Oil usually flows through the radiator and then heat exchange occurs. A fan (4-3) is provided below the radiator (4-2) to help cool it.

2. The main structure of a smart power substation according to claim 1, characterized in that; Voltage transformers or current transformers (1), disconnect switches (2), circuit breakers (3), and transformers (4) are fixedly arranged on the base layer, and the disconnect switches (2) are in two sets, respectively set on both sides of the circuit breaker (3); the rear disconnect switches (2) are connected to the transformers (4).

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