Lithium battery protection board with multi-scene adaptation function

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of lithium battery protection board with multi-scene adaptation function, including main control module and the multiple mode detection module, adaptive protection execution module, communication module connected respectively thereof;The multiple mode detection module includes voltage acquisition unit, current acquisition unit temperature acquisition unit, battery cell equalization detection unit;The adaptive protection execution module includes MOS pipe drive unit, current-limiting threshold switching unit, over-temperature protection switching unit;Power module is equipped on protection board, and power supply for above-mentioned each module.The lithium battery protection board with multi-scene adaptation function provided by the utility model can effectively solve the problem of poor scene adaptability of traditional protection board, improve the versatility, safety and flexibility of protection board, and is suitable for a variety of lithium battery application scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lithium battery protection technology, specifically to a lithium battery protection board with multi-scenario adaptability. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various applications, including energy storage systems, power tools, and portable electronic devices such as laptops and mobile phones, due to their high energy density and long cycle life. The charging and discharging requirements and operating environments of lithium-ion batteries vary significantly across different applications: for example, energy storage applications require long-term stable charging and discharging, thus having lower requirements for over-temperature protection thresholds; power tool applications have short-term high-current discharge requirements, necessitating higher over-current protection thresholds; and portable device applications prioritize low power consumption and cell balance.

[0003] Traditional lithium battery protection boards typically use fixed protection parameters (such as fixed overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature thresholds), which can only be adapted to a single or a few similar scenarios. If traditional protection boards are applied to different scenarios, problems such as overprotection (e.g., frequent power outages in power tool scenarios due to excessively low overcurrent thresholds) or underprotection (e.g., safety risks in energy storage scenarios due to excessively high overtemperature thresholds) may occur, reducing the user experience and safety of lithium batteries, while also increasing the cost for companies to develop dedicated protection boards for different scenarios.

[0004] Therefore, a lithium battery protection board that can adaptively adjust protection parameters according to different application scenarios is needed to improve the versatility and adaptability of the protection board. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a lithium battery protection board with multi-scenario adaptability, thus solving the problem of poor scenario adaptability of traditional protection boards.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The technical solution of this utility model is: A lithium battery protection board with multi-scenario adaptability includes a main control module and a multi-mode detection module, an adaptive protection execution module, and a communication module connected thereto. The multi-mode detection module includes a voltage acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, a temperature acquisition unit, and a cell balancing detection unit. The adaptive protection execution module includes a MOSFET driving unit, a current limiting threshold switching unit, and an over-temperature protection switching unit. A power supply module is provided on the protection board to supply power to the above modules.

[0007] Preferably, the voltage acquisition unit acquires the voltage of each cell through a differential amplifier circuit and a voltage divider resistor network; The current acquisition unit uses a high-precision shunt or Hall sensor to acquire the current in the charging and discharging circuit; The temperature acquisition unit has an NTC thermistor installed on the protection board near the battery cell assembly and the charging / discharging MOS transistor to collect the ambient temperature and device temperature in real time. The cell balancing detection unit monitors the voltage difference between each cell. When the difference exceeds a preset value, it sends a balancing signal to the main control module to activate the cell balancing function.

[0008] Preferably, the MOS transistor driving unit uses a dedicated MOS transistor driving chip to control the switching of the discharge MOS transistor, thereby improving the switching speed of the charge and discharge MOS transistor.

[0009] Preferably, the current limiting threshold switching unit controls the relay through the main control module to switch the sampling resistor with different resistance values, thereby adjusting the overcurrent threshold to match the current protection requirements of different scenarios.

[0010] Preferably, the over-temperature protection switching unit is controlled by the main control module through the I2C bus to adjust the trigger threshold of the temperature acquisition unit.

[0011] Preferably, the main control module uses an MCU chip and has a built-in scene adaptation algorithm; this algorithm identifies the scene by analyzing the following data collected by the multi-mode detection module: Energy storage scenario: voltage fluctuation range ≤5%, current stable at 0.2C-0.5C, where C is the lithium battery capacity, temperature change rate ≤0.5℃ / min; Power tool scenario: voltage fluctuation range 5%-15%, short-term peak current of 1C-5C exists, temperature change rate 0.5℃ / min-2℃ / min; Portable device scenario: voltage fluctuation range ≤8%, current stable at 0.1C-0.3C, temperature change rate ≤0.3℃ / min; After identifying the scenario, the main control module calls the preset protection parameters and outputs control signals to the adaptive protection execution module.

[0012] Preferably, the communication module includes: CAN bus is used for long-distance data transmission in energy storage and power tool applications. UART is used for close-range debugging; Bluetooth is used for wireless data exchange in portable devices. The UART and / or Bluetooth can upload the protection board's detection data and working status, and can also receive manual scene switching commands from external devices, improving the flexibility of use.

[0013] Preferably, the power supply module uses a low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) to convert the lithium battery voltage into a stable voltage of 3.3V or 5V to power other modules and ensure that each module operates stably.

[0014] The advantages of this utility model are: 1. Strong scenario adaptability: Through the built-in scenario adaptation algorithm and adaptive protection execution module, it can flexibly match the protection needs of multiple scenarios such as energy storage, power tools, and portable devices, without the need to develop a dedicated protection board, thus reducing enterprise costs; 2. High protection accuracy: The multi-mode detection module uses high-precision acquisition elements, and the main control module optimizes protection parameters through algorithms to reduce protection malfunctions and missed actions; 3. High flexibility: It supports automatic scene recognition and manual scene switching, and can interact with external devices through the communication module, which facilitates later maintenance and function upgrades; 4. High safety: Through dual NTC temperature acquisition, cell equalization detection and adaptive protection strategy, the charging and discharging safety of lithium battery is fully guaranteed, and the service life of lithium battery is extended. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lithium battery protection board with multi-scenario adaptability of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, the lithium battery protection board of this utility model with multi-scenario adaptability includes the following module specific structure and function.

[0017] 1. Power supply module: A low dropout linear regulator (LDO) is used to convert the lithium battery voltage to a stable voltage of 3.3V or 5V to power other modules and ensure that each module works stably.

[0018] 2. Multi-mode detection module: Voltage acquisition unit: Through differential amplifier circuit and voltage divider resistor network, the voltage of each cell is acquired with an accuracy of ±10mV, avoiding protection malfunction due to cell voltage acquisition error; Current acquisition unit: It adopts a high-precision shunt (accuracy 0.1%) or Hall sensor to acquire the current of the charging and discharging circuit, which can cover the current range of 0-100A and meet the current detection needs of different scenarios. Temperature acquisition unit: An NTC thermistor is set on the protection board near the battery cell assembly and the charging / discharging MOSFET to collect ambient temperature and device temperature in real time, avoiding safety hazards caused by local high temperature. Cell balancing detection unit: Monitors the voltage difference between cells. When the difference exceeds 50mV, it sends a balancing signal to the main control module to start the cell balancing function.

[0019] 3. Main Control Module: Employs a high-performance MCU chip (such as the STM32L4 series) with a built-in scene adaptation algorithm. This algorithm identifies scenes by analyzing the following data collected by the multi-mode detection module: Energy storage scenario: voltage fluctuation range ≤5%, current stable at 0.2C-0.5C (C is the lithium battery capacity), temperature change rate ≤0.5℃ / min; Power tool scenario: voltage fluctuation range 5%-15%, short-term peak current of 1C-5C, temperature change rate 0.5℃ / min-2℃ / min; Portable device scenario: voltage fluctuation range ≤8%, current stable at 0.1C-0.3C, temperature change rate ≤0.3℃ / min; After identifying the scenario, the main control module calls the preset protection parameters and outputs control signals to the adaptive protection execution module.

[0020] 4. Adaptive Protection Execution Module: MOSFET driver unit: Uses a dedicated MOSFET driver chip (such as TC4427) to improve the switching speed of the charging and discharging MOSFET and reduce switching losses; Current limiting threshold switching unit: The main control module controls the relay to switch the sampling resistor with different resistance values ​​(such as 0.005Ω, 0.01Ω, 0.02Ω) to adjust the overcurrent threshold from 5A to 50A, matching the current protection requirements of different scenarios; Over-temperature protection switching unit: The main control module adjusts the trigger threshold of the temperature acquisition unit through the I2C bus. For example, the over-temperature threshold is set to 50℃ for energy storage scenarios, 65℃ for power tool scenarios, and 55℃ for portable device scenarios.

[0021] 5. Communication Module: Supports CAN bus (for long-distance data transmission in energy storage and power tool scenarios), UART (for short-range debugging), or Bluetooth (for wireless data interaction in portable devices). It can upload the protection board's detection data (voltage, current, temperature) and operating status, and can also receive manual scene switching commands from external devices, improving the flexibility of use.

[0022] In practical operation, the following working principles apply.

[0023] (1) After the protection board is powered on, the power supply module provides a stable voltage to each module. The multi-mode detection module starts to collect data on the voltage, current, temperature and cell balance status of the lithium battery and transmits it to the main control module. (2) The main control module analyzes the collected data through the scenario adaptation algorithm, identifies the current application scenario (such as energy storage, power tools, portable devices), and calls the corresponding protection parameters; (3) The main control module outputs a control signal to the adaptive protection execution module to adjust the current limiting threshold and the over-temperature protection threshold; (4) The adaptive protection execution module monitors the charging and discharging status of the lithium battery in real time according to the control signal: if abnormalities such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, or overtemperature occur, it immediately drives the charging and discharging MOS transistor to turn off, cuts off the charging and discharging circuit, and realizes protection. (5) The communication module uploads the working data of the protection board to the external device in real time, and can also receive manual scene switching instructions from the external device and override the automatic scene recognition results.

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments: Example 1

[0025] This embodiment is applied to energy storage scenarios.

[0026] Lithium battery parameters: capacity 100Ah, nominal voltage 3.2V (lithium iron phosphate). Data collected by the multi-mode detection module: voltage fluctuation range 3%, current stable at 20A-50A (0.2C-0.5C), temperature change rate 0.3℃ / min; The main control module identifies the scenario as an energy storage scenario and calls the following protection parameters: overvoltage threshold 3.65V / cell, undervoltage threshold 2.5V / cell, overcurrent threshold 10A, and overtemperature threshold 50℃. The adaptive protection execution module switches the sampling resistor to 0.01Ω (overcurrent threshold 10A) and adjusts the overtemperature trigger threshold to 50℃; During operation, if the temperature reaches 50℃, the adaptive protection execution module immediately shuts off the charging and discharging MOS transistor, cuts off the circuit, and realizes over-temperature protection. Example 2

[0027] This embodiment applies to the scenario of power tools.

[0028] Lithium battery parameters: capacity 5Ah, nominal voltage 18V (ternary lithium); Data collected by the multi-mode detection module: voltage fluctuation range 12%, peak current of 5A-25A (1C-5C) exists, temperature change rate 1.5℃ / min; The main control module identifies the scenario as a power tool scenario and calls the following protection parameters: overvoltage threshold 4.2V / cell, undervoltage threshold 3.0V / cell, overcurrent threshold 25A, and overtemperature threshold 65℃. The adaptive protection execution module switches the sampling resistor to 0.005Ω (overcurrent threshold 25A) and adjusts the over-temperature trigger threshold to 65℃; During operation, if the current reaches 25A, the adaptive protection module will shut down the charging and discharging MOSFET to prevent damage to the lithium battery due to overcurrent.

[0029] In summary, the lithium battery protection board with multi-scenario adaptability provided by this utility model can effectively solve the problem of poor scenario adaptability of traditional protection boards, improve the versatility, safety and flexibility of the protection board, and is suitable for a variety of lithium battery application scenarios.

[0030] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this utility model, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this utility model and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. All modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the main technical solution of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A lithium battery protection board with multi-scenario adaptability, characterized in that, It includes a main control module and a multi-mode detection module, an adaptive protection execution module, and a communication module connected to it respectively; the multi-mode detection module includes a voltage acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, a temperature acquisition unit, and a cell balancing detection unit; the adaptive protection execution module includes a MOSFET driving unit, a current limiting threshold switching unit, and an over-temperature protection switching unit; a power supply module is provided on the protection board to supply power to the above modules.

2. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage acquisition unit acquires the voltage of each cell through a differential amplifier circuit and a voltage divider resistor network; The current acquisition unit uses a high-precision shunt or Hall sensor to acquire the current in the charging and discharging circuit; The temperature acquisition unit has an NTC thermistor installed on the protection board near the battery cell assembly and the charging / discharging MOS transistor to collect the ambient temperature and device temperature in real time. The cell balancing detection unit monitors the voltage difference between each cell. When the difference exceeds a preset value, it sends a balancing signal to the main control module to activate the cell balancing function.

3. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 2, characterized in that, The MOS transistor driving unit uses a dedicated MOS transistor driving chip to control the switching of the discharge MOS transistor, thereby improving the switching speed of the charge and discharge MOS transistor.

4. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current limiting threshold switching unit controls the relay through the main control module to switch the sampling resistor with different resistance values, thereby adjusting the overcurrent threshold to match the current protection requirements of different scenarios.

5. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 2, characterized in that, The over-temperature protection switching unit is controlled by the main control module, which adjusts the trigger threshold of the temperature acquisition unit via the I2C bus.

6. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 2, characterized in that, The communication module includes: CAN bus is used for long-distance data transmission in energy storage and power tool applications. UART is used for close-range debugging; Bluetooth is used for wireless data exchange in portable devices. The UART and / or Bluetooth can upload the protection board's detection data and working status, and can also receive manual scene switching commands from external devices, improving the flexibility of use.

7. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that... The power supply module uses a low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) to convert the lithium battery voltage into a stable voltage of 3.3V or 5V to power other modules and ensure that each module operates stably.

Images