A charging circuit and energy storage power supply

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a charging circuit and an energy storage power supply used for charging a target battery in combination with a direct-current input source. The circuit comprises a control module, a current protection module and a voltage protection module. The control module receives a power supply voltage of the direct-current input source and charges the target battery based on the power supply voltage. The current protection module is used for controlling the control module to stop charging the target battery when a charging current is greater than a preset current threshold. The voltage protection module is used for controlling the control module to stop charging the target battery when a charging voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, and controlling the control module to continue charging the target battery based on the power supply voltage when the charging voltage recovers to be less than the preset voltage threshold. According to the scheme, the charging circuit can be disconnected in time based on the current protection module or the voltage protection module when the charging current is too high or the charging voltage is too high, so that the battery or circuit elements are prevented from being damaged by the large current or the large voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a charging circuit and an energy storage power supply. Background Technology

[0002] In today's diversified electronic device market, lithium batteries have become the core power choice for many small electronic devices due to their advantages such as high energy density and long cycle life. Currently, the design of lithium battery charging modules on the market is generally quite complex, integrating a large number of electronic components and complex control circuits. They typically use various types and quantities of electronic components, such as high-performance integrated circuits and precision resistors and capacitors. This not only places high demands on manufacturing processes but also increases costs, hindering product promotion. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application aims to provide a charging circuit and an energy storage power supply, mainly to solve the technical problems of complex circuits and high costs in related technologies.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application proposes a charging circuit for charging a target battery in conjunction with a DC input source. The circuit includes: a control module, a current protection module, and a voltage protection module. The control module is connected to both the DC input source and the target battery. The current protection module is connected to both the control module and the target battery. The voltage protection module is connected to both the control module and the target battery. The control module receives the supply voltage from the DC input source and charges the target battery based on the supply voltage. The current protection module acquires the charging current of the target battery and operates when the charging current exceeds a preset current threshold, controlling the control module to stop charging the target battery. The voltage protection module acquires the charging voltage of the target battery and operates when the charging voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold, controlling the control module to stop charging the target battery. It also stops operating when the charging voltage returns to below the preset voltage threshold, allowing the control module to continue charging the target battery based on the supply voltage.

[0005] In some embodiments, the control module includes a switch Q1, a switch Q2, resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4, a capacitor C3, and an inductor L1. The first terminal of switch Q1 is connected to a DC input source, the second terminal of switch Q1 is connected to the first terminal of inductor L1, the second terminal of inductor L1 is connected to the first terminal of the target battery, the control terminal of switch Q1 is connected to the DC input source through resistor R1, the control terminal of switch Q1 is connected to the first terminal of switch Q2, the second terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the target battery through resistor R3, the second terminal of the target battery is grounded, capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with resistor R3, the second terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the DC input source through resistor R4, the control terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the voltage protection module, and the control terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the DC input source through resistor R2.

[0006] In some embodiments, the control module further includes an anti-reverse unit, wherein the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first end of the target battery through the anti-reverse unit, and the anti-reverse unit is used to prevent reverse current flow; wherein the anti-reverse unit includes a diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the second end of the inductor L1, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the first end of the target battery.

[0007] In some embodiments, the current protection module includes a sampling resistor Rm, a switching transistor Q3, a switching transistor Q4, and a diode D2. The second terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 through the sampling resistor Rm. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the diode D2. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the diode D3. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is grounded.

[0008] In some embodiments, the current protection module further includes a second indicator unit, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4 through the second indicator unit, and the second indicator unit is used to illuminate an indicator when the current protection module is working; wherein, the second indicator unit includes a resistor R11 and a light-emitting diode LED2, the anode of the light-emitting diode LED2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2 through the resistor R11, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode LED2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4.

[0009] In some embodiments, the voltage protection module includes resistors R5, R6, R7, and R8, and a Zener diode U1. The first end of resistor R7 is connected to the second end of inductor L1, and the second end of resistor R7 is grounded through resistor R8. The first end of Zener diode U1 is connected to the control terminal of switching transistor Q2, and the second end of Zener diode U1 is grounded through resistor R6. The second end of Zener diode U1 is connected to the second end of switching transistor Q1 through resistor R5, and the control terminal of Zener diode U1 is connected to the second end of resistor R7.

[0010] In some embodiments, the control module further includes a first indicator unit, which includes a resistor R9 and a light-emitting diode LED1. The anode of the light-emitting diode LED1 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1 through the resistor R9, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode LED1 is grounded. The first indicator unit is used to indicate that the control module is charging the target battery.

[0011] In some embodiments, the control module further includes an output filter capacitor C4, which is connected in parallel to the target battery.

[0012] In some embodiments, the control module further includes a voltage regulator capacitor C2 and a diode D1. The first end of the voltage regulator capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the voltage regulator capacitor C2 is grounded. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1, and the anode of the diode D1 is grounded.

[0013] Secondly, this application also proposes an energy storage power source, including a charging circuit as described in any of the embodiments of the first aspect above.

[0014] Unlike related technologies, this application provides a charging circuit and energy storage power supply for charging a target battery in conjunction with a DC input source. The circuit includes a control module, a current protection module, and a voltage protection module. The control module is connected to both the DC input source and the target battery. The current protection module is connected to both the control module and the target battery. The voltage protection module is also connected to both the control module and the target battery. The control module receives the supply voltage from the DC input source and charges the target battery based on this voltage. The current protection module acquires the charging current of the target battery and operates when the charging current exceeds a preset current threshold, controlling the control module to stop charging the target battery. The voltage protection module acquires the charging voltage of the target battery and operates when the charging voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold, controlling the control module to stop charging the target battery. It also stops operating when the charging voltage returns to below the preset voltage threshold, allowing the control module to continue charging the target battery based on the supply voltage. Based on this, when there are no abnormalities in the circuit, the control module can normally charge the target battery by connecting to the DC input source. If the charging process is abnormal, resulting in excessive charging current or excessive charging voltage, the current protection module or voltage protection module can disconnect the charging circuit in time to avoid damage to the battery or circuit components caused by high current or high voltage. Based on the simple control logic between the above modules, the circuit construction and circuit structure are not complicated, reducing circuit costs while ensuring charging safety. Attached Figure Description

[0015] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the embodiments, and elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are designated as similar elements.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a charging circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a charging circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there may be one or more intervening elements. The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this specification are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0019] Please combine Figure 1 This application provides a charging circuit that can charge a target battery in conjunction with a DC input source. Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the circuit. As shown, the charging circuit includes a control module 11, a current protection module 12, and a voltage protection module 13. The control module 11 is connected to the DC input source 20 and the target battery 30. The current protection module 12 is connected to the control module 11 and the target battery 30. The voltage protection module 13 is connected to the control module 11 and the target battery 30. The target battery 30 serves as the downstream load of the charging circuit. The control module 11 receives the supply voltage from the DC input source 20 and charges the target battery 30 based on this voltage. During charging, the current protection module 12 acquires the charging current of the target battery 30 and operates when the charging current exceeds a preset current threshold, controlling the control module 11 to stop charging the target battery 30. The voltage protection module 13 acquires the charging voltage of the target battery 30 and operates when the charging voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold, controlling the control module 11 to stop charging the target battery 30. It also stops operating when the charging voltage returns to below the preset voltage threshold, allowing the control module 11 to continue charging the target battery 30 based on the supply voltage.

[0020] Based on this, when there are no abnormalities in the circuit, the circuit can normally charge the target battery by connecting to the DC input source through the control module. However, if an abnormality occurs during the charging process, resulting in excessive charging current or excessive charging voltage, once the preset threshold is exceeded, the current protection module or voltage protection module can be triggered in time to disconnect the charging circuit of the target battery in a timely manner, so as to avoid damage to the target battery or circuit components caused by high current or high voltage. Based on the simple triggering logic between the above modules, the construction and circuit structure of the charging circuit are not complicated, and the circuit cost can be reduced while ensuring charging safety.

[0021] Please combine Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a circuit structure of a charging circuit in a specific embodiment. In some embodiments, the control module 11 specifically includes a switch Q1, a switch Q2, resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4, a capacitor C3, and an inductor L1. Figure 2As shown, the first terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to a DC input source, represented as INPUT in the figure; the second terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the inductor L1, and the second terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to the first terminal of the target battery 30. The target battery 30 is located in... Figure 2 The input is represented as VBAT. The control terminal of switch Q1 is connected to the DC input source INPUT through resistor R1. The control terminal of switch Q1 is connected to the first terminal of switch Q2. The second terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the target battery VBAT through resistor R3. The second terminal of the target battery VBAT is grounded to GND. Capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with resistor R3. The second terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the DC input source INPUT through resistor R4. The control terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the voltage protection module. The control terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the DC input source INPUT through resistor R2.

[0022] Based on this, when the DC input source INPUT is supplying power normally, the supply voltage controls the switching transistor Q2 to turn on through the resistor R2, pulling down the gate voltage of the switching transistor Q1. The switching transistor Q1 then turns on quickly, and the DC input source INPUT charges the target battery VBAT normally through the inductor L1.

[0023] In one specific embodiment, switch Q1 is a PMOS transistor and switch Q2 is an NMOS transistor.

[0024] Please combine Figure 2 The control module 11 also includes an anti-reverse unit 113. The second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first end of the target battery VBAT through the anti-reverse unit 113, which can prevent current backflow.

[0025] Specifically, such as Figure 2 For example, the anti-reverse unit 113 includes a diode D3, wherein the anode of diode D3 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1, and the cathode of diode D3 is connected to the first terminal of the target battery VBAT. Therefore, if the user incorrectly connects a battery with a higher voltage or an active load when using the charging circuit, diode D3 can prevent backflow of current into the charging circuit, thus avoiding damage to circuit components.

[0026] The aforementioned current protection module 12 includes a sampling resistor Rm, switching transistors Q3 and Q4, and a diode D2. For example... Figure 2 In the example, the second terminal of inductor L1 is connected to the anode of diode D3 through sampling resistor Rm. The first terminal of switch Q3 is connected to the second terminal of inductor L1. The second terminal of switch Q3 is connected to the anode of diode D2. The control terminal of switch Q3 is connected to the anode of diode D3. The cathode of diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of switch Q4. The first terminal of switch Q4 is connected to the control terminal of switch Q2. The second terminal of switch Q4 is grounded.

[0027] Based on this, if an abnormal situation suddenly occurs during the charging process, causing the charging current to increase, such as a sudden decrease in the downstream load or a sudden short circuit in the target battery that serves as the downstream load, causing the charging current to exceed the preset current threshold, the voltage across the sampling resistor Rm will be greater than the forward voltage drop of the switch Q3, causing the switch Q3 to turn on. The charging current then controls the switch Q4 to turn on after passing through the switch Q3 and diode D2, pulling down the voltage at the control terminal of the switch Q2, causing the switch Q2 to turn off, and in turn controlling the switch Q1 to turn off. This disconnects the charging circuit, preventing the voltage of the DC input source INPUT from being further output to the downstream load, thereby avoiding damage to circuit components or the downstream load due to excessive charging current.

[0028] In one specific embodiment, switching transistors Q3 and Q4 are bipolar transistors.

[0029] In some embodiments, the current protection module 12 further includes a second indicator unit 122, the cathode of diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of switching transistor Q4 through the second indicator unit, and the second indicator unit 122 can light up to indicate when the current protection module 12 is working.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 2 For example, the second indicator unit 122 includes a light-emitting diode (LED2) and a resistor R11. The anode of LED2 is connected to the cathode of diode D2 through resistor R11, and the cathode of LED2 is connected to the control terminal of switch Q4. Therefore, when the charging current is too high, switch Q3 is turned on, and the charging current controls LED2 to emit light, thus providing an indicator light to show that the current charging circuit is too high. Furthermore, due to the inherent characteristics of inductor L1, it can provide power for a short time at the moment switch Q1 is turned off, slightly extending the lighting time of LED2 and providing a better indicator light for the user.

[0031] The voltage protection module 13 mentioned above includes resistors R5, R6, R7, and R8, and a Zener diode U1. For example... Figure 2 For example, the first end of resistor R7 is connected to the second end of inductor L1, and the second end of resistor R7 is grounded to GND through resistor R8. The first end of Zener diode U1 is connected to the control terminal of switch Q2, and the second end of Zener diode U1 is grounded through resistor R6. The second end of Zener diode U1 is connected to the second end of switch Q1 through resistor R5, and the control terminal of Zener diode U1 is connected to the second end of resistor R7.

[0032] Based on this, during the charging process, resistors R7 and R8 collect the charging voltage using a voltage divider structure. If a sudden abnormal situation causes the charging voltage to rise, such as an incorrect connection of a high-voltage active load, causing the charging voltage to exceed the preset voltage threshold, the voltage supplied by resistor R8 to the control terminal of Zener diode U1 will be greater than the operating voltage of Zener diode U1. Zener diode U1 will turn on, the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q2 will be pulled low, and switch Q2 will turn off, thus controlling switch Q1 to turn off, and the charging voltage will decrease. When the charging voltage gradually decreases to below the preset voltage threshold, the voltage at the control terminal of Zener diode U1 will also decrease to an insufficient level to maintain its conduction, so Zener diode U1 will turn off, and switches Q2 and Q1 will return to the conducting state. This cycle continues until the charging voltage is maintained within a relatively stable range. The charging voltage can be adjusted to the desired range by adjusting the resistance values ​​or their ratio between resistors R7 and R8.

[0033] In some embodiments, the control module 11 further includes a first indicator unit 112, used to illuminate an indicator light when the control module 11 is charging the target battery 30. Figure 2 For example, the first indicator unit 112 includes a resistor R9 and a light-emitting diode (LED) 1. Specifically, the anode of LED 1 is connected to the second terminal of inductor L1 through resistor R9, and the cathode of LED 1 is grounded. Therefore, when the charging circuit, in conjunction with the DC input source INPUT, is normally charging the target battery VBAT, the charging current flows through inductor L1, resistor R9, and LED 1, controlling LED 1 to emit light, thus providing an indicator light to show that the target battery is currently being charged normally.

[0034] In some embodiments, LED1 and LED2 can be configured with different colors to more intuitively indicate the current state of the circuit to the user. For example, LED1 can be configured to emit green light and LED2 to emit red light. Thus, if the user sees a green light, they know that the current charging status is normal; if the user sees a red light, they know that there is an abnormal situation of excessive charging current.

[0035] In some embodiments, the control module 11 further includes an output filter capacitor C4. For example... Figure 2 In the example, the output filter capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the target battery VBAT. The filter capacitor C4 can also limit the range of the charging voltage; by adjusting its capacitance, the charging voltage can be set within the reasonable range required by the user.

[0036] In some embodiments, the control module 11 further includes a voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2 and a diode D1. Figure 2As shown, the first terminal of the voltage regulator capacitor C2 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1, and the second terminal of the voltage regulator capacitor C2 is grounded to GND. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of the inductor L1, and the anode of the diode D1 is grounded to GND. The voltage regulator capacitor C2 can improve the stability of the circuit, while the diode D1, together with resistors R7 and R8, can form a discharge circuit for the inductor L1. When the switch Q1 is turned off, the inductor L1 will generate a reverse voltage due to its own inductive reactance. This voltage can be dissipated through this discharge circuit, indirectly improving the stability of the circuit.

[0037] This application provides an energy storage power supply, including the charging circuit as described above, which has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the circuit. For technical details not described in detail in the energy storage power supply embodiment, please refer to the charging circuit provided in the embodiment of this invention.

[0038] It should be noted that while preferred embodiments of this application are provided in the specification and accompanying drawings, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are not intended to impose additional limitations on the content of this application; their purpose is to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of this application. Furthermore, the above-described technical features can be combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, all of which are considered to be within the scope of this application's specification. Moreover, those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A charging circuit for charging a target battery in conjunction with a DC input source, characterized in that, include: The system includes a control module, a current protection module, and a voltage protection module. The control module is connected to a DC input source and a target battery, respectively. The current protection module is connected to the control module and the target battery, respectively. The voltage protection module is connected to the control module and the target battery, respectively. The control module is used to receive the power supply voltage from the DC input source and charge the target battery based on the power supply voltage; The current protection module is used to acquire the charging current of the target battery and to operate when the charging current is greater than a preset current threshold, thereby controlling the control module to stop charging the target battery. The voltage protection module is used to acquire the charging voltage of the target battery, and to operate when the charging voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, controlling the control module to stop charging the target battery, and to stop operating when the charging voltage recovers to less than the preset voltage threshold, so that the control module continues to charge the target battery based on the supply voltage.

2. The charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a switch Q1, a switch Q2, resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4, a capacitor C3, and an inductor L1. The first terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to a DC input source. The second terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the inductor L1. The second terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to the first terminal of the target battery. The control terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to the DC input source through the resistor R1. The control terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the switch Q2. The second terminal of the switch Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the target battery through the resistor R3. The second terminal of the target battery is grounded. The capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the resistor R3. The second terminal of the switch Q2 is connected to the DC input source through the resistor R4. The control terminal of the switch Q2 is connected to the voltage protection module. The control terminal of the switch Q2 is connected to the DC input source through the resistor R2.

3. The charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module also includes an anti-reverse unit, and the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first end of the target battery through the anti-reverse unit. The anti-reverse unit is used to prevent current backflow. The anti-reverse unit includes a diode D3, the anode of which is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1, and the cathode of which is connected to the first terminal of the target battery.

4. The charging circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The current protection module includes a sampling resistor Rm, a switching transistor Q3, a switching transistor Q4, and a diode D2. The second terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 through the sampling resistor Rm. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the diode D2. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the diode D3. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is grounded.

5. The charging circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current protection module also includes a second indicator unit. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4 through the second indicator unit. The second indicator unit is used to illuminate the indicator when the current protection module is working. The second indicator unit includes a resistor R11 and a light-emitting diode LED2. The anode of the light-emitting diode LED2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2 through the resistor R11, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode LED2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4.

6. The charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The voltage protection module includes resistors R5, R6, R7, and R8, and a Zener diode U1. The first end of resistor R7 is connected to the second end of inductor L1, and the second end of resistor R7 is grounded through resistor R8. The first end of Zener diode U1 is connected to the control terminal of switching transistor Q2, and the second end of Zener diode U1 is grounded through resistor R6. The second end of Zener diode U1 is connected to the second end of switching transistor Q1 through resistor R5, and the control terminal of Zener diode U1 is connected to the second end of resistor R7.

7. The charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module further includes a first indicator unit, which includes a resistor R9 and a light-emitting diode LED1. The anode of the light-emitting diode LED1 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1 through the resistor R9, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode LED1 is grounded. The first indicator unit is used to illuminate an indicator light when the control module is charging the target battery.

8. The charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module also includes an output filter capacitor C4, which is connected in parallel to the target battery.

9. The charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module also includes a voltage regulator capacitor C2 and a diode D1. The first end of the voltage regulator capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the voltage regulator capacitor C2 is grounded. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1, and the anode of the diode D1 is grounded.

10. An energy storage power source, characterized in that, It includes the target battery and the charging circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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