Power supply system for a vehicle, vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a power supply system for a vehicle and the vehicle. The power supply system comprises a photovoltaic cell module, a plurality of secondary battery modules, a battery switching module and a capacitor. The secondary battery module comprises a secondary battery and a state of charge detection unit, and the state of charge detection unit is electrically connected to the secondary battery. The photovoltaic cell module is switchably connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules through the battery switching module, and the plurality of secondary battery modules are switchably connected to a load through the battery switching module. The battery switching module is configured to switch the charging and discharging of each secondary battery module according to the relative size of the detection result of the state of charge detection unit in the secondary battery module in the discharging state and the preset state of charge switching threshold, and the secondary batteries in the same secondary battery module do not charge and discharge at the same time under normal driving conditions. The capacitor is suitable for being connected in parallel to the load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of transportation equipment, and more specifically, this application relates to power supply systems for transportation equipment and transportation equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing environmental awareness, electric vehicles have received widespread attention and application. These vehicles typically incorporate secondary batteries, which store electrical energy to power the vehicle. However, due to limitations in the energy density of these batteries, the driving range of these vehicles often falls short of the demands for long-distance travel. Utility Model Content

[0003] The first aspect of this application provides a power supply system for a vehicle, including a photovoltaic cell module, multiple secondary battery modules, a battery switching module, and a capacitor; wherein, the secondary battery module includes a secondary battery and a state of charge (SCC) detection unit, the SCC detection unit being electrically connected to the secondary battery; the photovoltaic cell module is switchably electrically connected to the multiple secondary battery modules respectively through the battery switching module, and the multiple secondary battery modules are switchably electrically connected to a load respectively through the battery switching module; the battery switching module is configured to achieve charging / discharging switching of each secondary battery module and to prevent secondary batteries in the same secondary battery module from charging and discharging simultaneously under normal driving conditions based on the relative magnitude of the detection result of the SCC detection unit in the secondary battery module in a discharging state and a preset SCC switching threshold; the capacitor is adapted to be connected in parallel with the load.

[0004] The power supply system for vehicles provided in the first aspect of this application has at least the following technical effects: Photovoltaic cell modules can charge secondary battery modules while vehicles are in motion, thereby increasing the vehicle's range and reducing reliance on traditional charging infrastructure. Battery switching modules enable charge / discharge isolation of the same secondary battery module under normal driving conditions, thus avoiding or reducing the impact of simultaneous charging and discharging on the battery's lifespan. During charge / discharge switching, a capacitor connected in parallel with the load can store excess charge released by the secondary battery module or release its stored charge, mitigating voltage fluctuations applied to the load and reducing the risk of damage to the load due to voltage surges during charge / discharge switching or other reasons. The battery switching module performs charge / discharge switching based on the relative magnitude of the state of charge (SBC) of the discharging secondary battery and the SBC switching threshold, reducing the frequency of charge / discharge switching and preventing frequent switching between charging and discharging states from accelerating battery aging, which is beneficial to the battery's performance and lifespan.

[0005] In some embodiments of this application, the state of charge detection unit includes a first energy metering chip, a current detection element, and a voltage detection element. The current detection element is electrically connected to the first energy metering chip and the secondary battery, respectively, and the voltage detection element is electrically connected to the first energy metering chip and the secondary battery, respectively.

[0006] In some embodiments of this application, the state of charge detection unit includes a second energy metering chip, which integrates a current detection element and a voltage detection element. The second energy metering chip has a detection port, through which the current detection element is electrically connected to the secondary battery, and the voltage detection element is electrically connected to the secondary battery through the detection port.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, the state of charge detection unit includes a voltage detection element, which is electrically connected to the secondary battery.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, the battery switching module includes an independent charging switching module and a discharging switching module. The photovoltaic cell module is electrically connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules in a switchable manner through the charging switching module, and the plurality of secondary battery modules are electrically connected to the load in a switchable manner through the discharging switching module.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the charging switching module includes a first charging port and a charging switching port, wherein the first charging port is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell module, and the charging switching port is switchably electrically connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules respectively.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the discharge switching module includes a discharge switching port and a discharge port, wherein the discharge switching port is electrically connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules in a switchable manner, and the discharge port is electrically connected to the load.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the charging switching module is a charging relay module.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the discharge switching module is a discharge relay module.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the power supply system further includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the battery switching module and the state of charge detection unit, respectively. The control module is adapted to control the battery switching module to realize the charging and discharging switching of each of the secondary battery modules based on the relative magnitude of the detection result of the state of charge detection unit in the secondary battery module in the discharging state and a preset state of charge switching threshold.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the control module further includes an emergency control unit, which is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell module and the secondary battery module respectively. The emergency control unit is configured to be activated in an emergency to enable the secondary batteries in the multiple secondary battery modules to discharge or be powered off simultaneously.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the secondary battery module further includes an over-temperature protection unit, which is electrically connected to the secondary battery and is adapted to regulate the charging and discharging current of the secondary battery based on the temperature of the secondary battery.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the over-temperature protection unit is also electrically connected to the control module, and the control module is also adapted to switch the charging and discharging of each of the secondary battery modules in conjunction with the temperature of the secondary battery.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the secondary battery module further includes a battery management system, which is electrically connected to the battery switching module and the secondary battery respectively. The battery management system integrates the state of charge detection unit and the over-temperature protection unit. The battery management system includes a communication port, and the state of charge detection unit and the over-temperature protection unit are independently electrically connected to the communication port. The control module is electrically connected to the communication port.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the battery switching module includes a charging switching module and a discharging switching module, wherein the photovoltaic cell module is electrically connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules respectively through the charging switching module, and the charging switching module is electrically connected to the secondary battery through the battery management system; the plurality of secondary battery modules are electrically connected to the load respectively through the discharging switching module, and the secondary battery is electrically connected to the discharging switching module through the battery management system.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the battery management system includes a first connection port, a second connection port, and a third connection port; wherein, the first connection port is electrically connected to the first electrode of the secondary battery; the second connection port is electrically connected to the charging switching module, and the first electrode of the secondary battery and the charging switching module are electrically connected through the first connection port and the second connection port; the third connection port is electrically connected to the discharging switching module, and the first electrode of the secondary battery and the discharging switching module are electrically connected through the first connection port and the third connection port.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the power supply system further includes a second charging port adapted to connect to an external power source.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, the secondary battery module further includes a charge-discharge isolation unit, which is electrically connected to the secondary battery, the charging switching module, and the discharging switching module, respectively. The charge-discharge isolation unit is configured to: under normal driving conditions, identify whether there is a switching fault in the battery switching module based on the connection status of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module, and activate it when a switching fault exists, so as to prevent the secondary battery in the secondary battery module from discharging in response to the charging of the secondary battery in a single secondary battery module, and prevent the secondary battery module in the secondary battery module from charging in response to the discharging of the secondary battery in a single secondary battery module.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, any one of the charge-discharge isolation units in the plurality of secondary battery modules is independently electrically connected to the remaining charge-discharge isolation units. The charge-discharge isolation units in the plurality of secondary battery modules are configured to: under normal driving conditions, identify whether there is a switching fault in the battery switching module based on the connection status of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit of the secondary battery in the plurality of secondary battery modules, and activate the charge-discharge isolation unit in the secondary battery module where the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are simultaneously connected when a switching fault exists.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the power supply system further includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the charge-discharge isolation unit, the state-of-charge detection unit, and the battery switching module, respectively. The control module is also configured to determine whether to disconnect the charging circuit and / or discharging circuit between the battery switching module and each of the secondary battery modules in response to the connection signals of the charging circuit and discharging circuit transmitted by each of the charge-discharge isolation units in the plurality of secondary battery modules and the detection signals of each of the state-of-charge detection units.

[0024] In some embodiments of this application, the capacitor is a supercapacitor.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell module includes a photovoltaic cell, a DC-DC converter, and a transformer controller. The photovoltaic cell is electrically connected to the DC-DC converter through the transformer controller, and the DC-DC converter is also electrically connected to the battery switching module.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, the plurality of secondary battery modules includes a first secondary battery module and a second secondary battery module.

[0027] A second aspect of this application provides a vehicle that includes the power supply system described in the first aspect.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell module includes a photovoltaic cell; the vehicle includes a body and a heat dissipation assembly; wherein, the outer surface of the body includes a bonding surface, and the photovoltaic cell is bonded to the bonding surface; the heat dissipation assembly is disposed between the photovoltaic cell and the bonding surface.

[0029] In some embodiments of this application, the heat dissipation component includes an air duct, and a first groove is provided on the bonding surface, the first groove and the photovoltaic cell enclosing the air duct with openings at both ends.

[0030] In some embodiments of this application, the air duct extends from the front to the rear of the vehicle.

[0031] In some embodiments of this application, the inlet of the air duct is provided with a first filter screen.

[0032] In some embodiments of this application, the outlet of the air duct is provided with a second filter.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, the air duct is further provided with a ventilation pipe, the height of the ventilation pipe along the groove depth direction of the first groove is less than the groove depth of the first groove, and the ventilation pipe is provided with a plurality of air holes on the side facing the photovoltaic cell, and the plurality of air holes are spaced apart along the length direction of the air duct.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, one or more of the first grooves are provided between a single photovoltaic cell and the bonding surface, and the plurality of first grooves are spaced apart along the width direction of the air duct.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, the heat dissipation component includes a condenser, a second groove is provided on the mating surface, the second groove and the photovoltaic cell enclose a receiving space, and the condenser is disposed within the receiving space.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, one or more second grooves are provided between a single photovoltaic cell and the bonding surface, and the plurality of second grooves are spaced apart along the width direction of the receiving space. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply system for a vehicle according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the current flow in the power supply system of a vehicle under normal operating conditions. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a charging switching module; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a discharge switching module; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between a battery management system and a secondary battery; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the current flow in the power supply system of a vehicle when multiple secondary battery modules discharge simultaneously under an emergency condition. Figure 8 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the current flow in the power supply system of a vehicle when multiple secondary battery modules lose power simultaneously in another emergency situation. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply system for a vehicle according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 11 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic cell; Figure 12 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a heat dissipation component; Figure 13 for Figure 12 Cross-sectional view at MM' after the main body and photovoltaic cell are bonded together; Figure 14 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another heat dissipation component in the process; Figure 15 for Figure 14 Cross-sectional view at NN' after the main body and photovoltaic cell are bonded together; Figure 16 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another type of heat dissipation component.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100 - Photovoltaic cell module; 110 - Photovoltaic cell; 111 - Flexible substrate; 112 - Solar cell; 120 - DC-DC converter; 130 - Transformer controller; 140 - Transparent protection plate; 200 - Secondary battery module; 210 - Secondary battery; 211 - Secondary battery cell; 220 - Battery management system; 221 - First connection port; 222 - Second connection port; 223 - Third connection port; 224 - Communication port; 310 - Charging switching module Block; 311-First charging port; 312-Charging switching port; 320-Discharge switching module; 321-Discharge switching port; 322-Discharge port; 400-Capacitor; A-Load; 500-Control module; 600-Second charging port; 700-Charge-discharge isolation unit; 800-Body; 810-Mating surface; 811-First groove; 812-Second groove; 910-Air duct; 911-Ventilation pipe; 912-Air hole; 920-Condenser. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present application will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0040] In this application, the following definitions and methods are provided to better define this application and to guide those skilled in the art in its practice. Unless otherwise stated, the terms are to be understood in accordance with their conventional usage by those skilled in the art.

[0041] As used herein, the term "comprising" should be interpreted as inclusive and open-ended, not exclusive. Specifically, when used in the specification and claims, the term "comprising" and its variations mean including the specified features, steps, or components. These terms should not be construed as excluding the presence of other features, steps, or components.

[0042] As used herein, the term “optional” means that the events or circumstances described below may, but are not required to, occur, including both when they occur and when they do not.

[0043] In this document, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] Wherever a range of values ​​is given herein, the range includes its endpoints, as well as all individual integers and fractions within the range, and also includes each narrower range formed by all the various possible combinations of those endpoints and internal integers and fractions, to form a subgroup of a larger group of values ​​within the same extent as each of those narrower ranges is explicitly given.

[0045] The first aspect of this application provides a power supply system for vehicles. (Reference) Figure 1 The power supply system includes: a photovoltaic cell module 100, multiple secondary battery modules 200, a battery switching module, and a capacitor 400. Each secondary battery module 200 includes a secondary battery and a state-of-charge (SOC) detection unit (not shown), which is electrically connected to the secondary battery. The photovoltaic cell module 100 is switchably electrically connected to each of the multiple secondary battery modules 200 via the battery switching module. Each of the multiple secondary battery modules 200 is switchably electrically connected to a load A via the battery switching module. The battery switching module is configured to switch the charging and discharging of each secondary battery module 200 based on the relative magnitude of the detection result from the SOC detection unit in a discharging secondary battery module 200 and a preset SOC switching threshold, and to prevent the secondary batteries in the same secondary battery module from charging and discharging simultaneously under normal driving conditions. The capacitor 400 is adapted to be connected in parallel with the load A.

[0046] For example, Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the current flow of the power supply system under normal driving conditions in a vehicle. Solid lines represent current flowing through the vehicle, while dashed lines represent no current flowing through it. The secondary batteries in a single secondary battery module do not charge and discharge simultaneously under normal driving conditions.

[0047] The aforementioned power supply system has multiple charging circuits and multiple discharging circuits. Each charging circuit includes a photovoltaic cell module 100 and a secondary battery module 200. The battery switching module can switch between the multiple charging circuits, allowing the photovoltaic cell module 100 to charge different secondary battery modules 200. Each discharging circuit includes a secondary battery module 200 and a load A. The battery switching module can switch between the multiple discharging circuits, allowing different secondary battery modules 200 to supply power to the load A respectively. The capacitor 400 in the power supply system can also form a voltage buffer circuit with the load A. It should be noted that the "charging or discharging of the secondary battery module 200" mentioned in this application refers to the charging or discharging of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200.

[0048] The photovoltaic cell module 100 in the above power supply system can charge the secondary battery module 200 while the vehicle is in motion, thereby increasing the vehicle's range and reducing reliance on traditional charging facilities (such as charging piles).

[0049] The battery switching module enables the switching of charging and discharging among multiple secondary battery modules and the isolation of charging and discharging of the same secondary battery module under normal driving conditions, thereby avoiding or reducing the impact on the lifespan of the secondary battery due to simultaneous charging and discharging of the same secondary battery module. It should be noted that the "normal driving conditions" mentioned in this application refer to conditions where a single or partial secondary battery module is sufficient to meet the power requirements of the load. Under normal driving conditions, the vehicle can be in various driving states such as starting, braking, constant speed, acceleration, deceleration, low speed, high speed, climbing, and descending.

[0050] The state of charge (SOC) detection unit is used to detect the SOC of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200 to measure the remaining capacity of the secondary battery. As the secondary battery module supplies power to the load, its SOC gradually decreases. When the SOC of the secondary battery decreases to the SOC switching threshold, the battery switching module can control the secondary battery module to stop supplying power to the load A, enable the photovoltaic cell module 100 to charge the secondary battery, and select other secondary battery modules with an SOC higher than the SOC switching threshold to supply power to the load A, thereby realizing the switching between the charging circuit and the discharging circuit (hereinafter referred to as charge-discharge switching). When the SOC of the secondary battery in the discharging state decreases to the SOC switching threshold, the battery switching module performs charge-discharge switching of the secondary battery module again.

[0051] Due to factors such as varying remaining charge levels in the secondary batteries of multiple secondary battery modules, the output voltage of the secondary batteries in different secondary battery modules 200 may fluctuate during power supply switching or the power supply process to the load. This can cause sudden voltage changes on the load A during charge / discharge switching, potentially damaging the load A and affecting its normal operation. This application addresses this issue by incorporating a capacitor 400. During charge / discharge switching, the capacitor, connected in parallel with the load, can store excess charge released by the secondary battery modules or release its stored charge, mitigating voltage fluctuations on the load and reducing the risk of damage to the load due to voltage sudden changes during charge / discharge switching or other reasons. For example, when the output power of the secondary battery modules exceeds the power required by the load (e.g., during braking or downhill driving), the capacitor 400 can charge to store excess charge. At the moment of charge / discharge switching, the capacitor 400 can discharge to the load A, ensuring a continuous power input and reducing the risk of the load A temporarily pausing operation during the charge / discharge switching. Furthermore, when the output power of the secondary battery modules supplying power to the load A fluctuates, the capacitor 400 can also discharge to the load A, improving the stability of the voltage applied to the load.

[0052] In addition, this application can regulate the charging and discharging switching standard by setting a state of charge switching threshold. That is, the battery switching module performs charging and discharging switching based on the relative magnitude of the state of charge of the secondary battery in the discharging state and the preset state of charge switching threshold. This can reduce the frequency of charging and discharging switching, avoid the secondary battery from frequently switching between charging and discharging states, which accelerates the aging of the secondary battery, and is beneficial to the performance and service life of the secondary battery. It should be noted that the state of charge (SCC) switching threshold can be flexibly selected or adjusted according to actual needs. For example, those skilled in the art can select an appropriate SCC switching threshold according to actual needs. For instance, the SCC switching threshold may include a lower SCC switching threshold and / or an upper SCC switching threshold. The lower SCC switching threshold can be preset to any value between 5% and 10%, such as 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%, etc. When the secondary battery module in the discharge state discharges to the lower SCC switching threshold, discharging stops and charging / discharging switching begins. The upper SCC switching threshold can be preset to any value between 95% and 99%, such as 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, etc. When the secondary battery module in the charging state charges to the upper SCC switching threshold, charging stops.

[0053] In this application, the power supply system is used to supply power to load A. Load A in this application may include, but is not limited to, a drive device (such as a drive motor), and may also include one or more of the following: air conditioner, audio system, car refrigerator, etc. Taking the drive motor as an example, the following illustrates the possible impact of voltage fluctuations on the vehicle: For example, voltage fluctuations will generate a large instantaneous current. The electromagnetic force generated by the current fluctuation will increase instantaneously, which may cause the winding coils in the drive motor to shift, thereby aggravating the mechanical wear of the drive motor and affecting its lifespan; as another example, the high-frequency noise generated by voltage fluctuations may be conducted to other systems of the vehicle through the lines, which may cause communication failures or malfunctions.

[0054] refer to Figures 1-2 Understood, in some embodiments of this application, the battery switching module may include an independent charging switching module 310 and a discharging switching module 320. The photovoltaic cell module 100 is electrically connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules 200 respectively through the charging switching module 310, and the plurality of secondary battery modules 200 are electrically connected to the load A respectively through the discharging switching module 320.

[0055] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 Understandably, in some embodiments of this application, the charging switching module 310 may include a first charging port 311 and a charging switching port 312. The photovoltaic cell module 100 is electrically connected to the first charging port 311, and the charging switching port 312 is switchably electrically connected to each of the plurality of secondary battery modules 200. The first charging port 311 and the charging switching port 312 enable the switchable electrical connection between the photovoltaic cell module 100 and the plurality of secondary battery modules 200. Optionally, the charging switching module 310 may be a charging relay module, which may include the first charging port 311 and the charging switching port 312.

[0056] refer to Figure 3Understandably, in some embodiments of this application, the charging switching module 310 may include a set of first charging ports 311 and multiple sets of charging switching ports 312. The first charging ports 311 are electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell module 100, and the multiple charging switching ports 312 are electrically connected to multiple secondary battery modules 200 in a one-to-one correspondence. The charging switching module 310 is in a closed state when at least one of the first charging ports 311 and the multiple charging switching ports 312 is connected. By selecting a charging switching port 312 connected to the first charging port 311, the charging target of the photovoltaic cell module 100 is changed, thereby achieving switching of the charging circuit. The charging switching module 310 is in an open state when both the first charging port 311 and the multiple charging switching ports 312 are disconnected. For example, the charging switching module 310 may be a multi-channel relay, which may integrate multiple single-channel relays, each of which may have a set of charging switching ports 312.

[0057] In some embodiments of this application, the charging switching module 310 may include multiple independent charging switching units. Each charging switching unit has a set of first charging ports 311 and a set of charging switching ports 312. The first charging ports 311 in each charging switching unit are electrically connected to the charging switching module 310, and the charging switching ports 312 in the multiple charging switching units are electrically connected to multiple secondary battery modules 200 in a one-to-one correspondence. The charging switching unit has two states: closed and open, corresponding to the connection and disconnection of the first charging ports 311 and the charging switching ports 312, respectively. By controlling the closing and opening of multiple charging switching units, the charging target of the photovoltaic cell module 100 is changed to realize the switching of the charging circuit. For example, the charging switching module 310 may include multiple single-channel relays, and one single-channel relay constitutes one charging switching unit.

[0058] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 It is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the discharge switching module 320 may include a discharge switching port 321 and a discharge port 322. The plurality of secondary battery modules 200 are respectively electrically connected to the discharge switching port 321 in a switchable manner, and the discharge port 322 is adapted to be electrically connected to the load A. The switchable electrical connection between the plurality of secondary battery modules 200 and the load A is achieved through the discharge switching port 321 and the discharge port 322. For example, the discharge switching module 320 may be a discharge relay module, which includes a discharge switching port 321 and a discharge port 322.

[0059] refer to Figure 4Understandably, in some embodiments of this application, the discharge switching module 320 may include a set of discharge ports 322 and multiple sets of discharge switching ports 321. The discharge ports 322 are adapted to be electrically connected to the load A, and the multiple discharge switching ports 321 are electrically connected to multiple secondary battery modules 200 in a one-to-one correspondence. The discharge switching module 320 being in a closed state corresponds to at least one of the discharge ports 322 and multiple discharge switching ports 321 being connected. By selecting the discharge switching port 321 connected to the discharge port 322, the secondary battery module 200 supplying power to the load A is replaced, thereby achieving the switching of the discharge circuit. The discharge switching module 320 being in an open state corresponds to both the discharge ports 322 and multiple discharge switching ports 321 being disconnected. For example, the discharge switching module 320 may include a multi-channel relay, which may integrate multiple single-channel relays, each single-channel relay having a set of discharge switching ports 321.

[0060] In some embodiments of this application, the discharge switching module 320 may include multiple discharge switching units, each discharge switching unit independently having a set of discharge ports 322 and a set of discharge switching ports 321. The discharge ports 322 in each discharge switching unit are independently adapted to be electrically connected to the load A, and the discharge switching ports 321 in the multiple discharge switching units are electrically connected one-to-one with multiple secondary battery modules 200. The discharge switching units have two states: closed and open, corresponding to the connection and disconnection of the discharge ports and discharge switching ports, respectively. By controlling the closing and opening of the multiple discharge switching units, the secondary battery module 200 supplying power to the load is replaced, thereby achieving the switching of the discharge circuit. For example, the discharge switching module 320 may include multiple single-channel relays, with each single-channel relay constituting one discharge switching unit.

[0061] refer to Figures 1-2 Understood, in some embodiments of this application, the power supply system may further include a control module 500, which is electrically connected to the battery switching module and the state of charge detection unit respectively. The control module 500 is adapted to control the battery switching module to realize the charging and discharging switching of each of the secondary battery modules 200 according to the relative magnitude of the detection result of the state of charge detection unit in the secondary battery module 200 in the discharging state and a preset state of charge switching threshold. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The control module 500 is electrically connected to the charging switching module 310 and the discharging switching module 320 respectively. The control module 500 is adapted to control the charging switching module 310 to realize the switchable electrical connection between the photovoltaic cell module 100 and multiple secondary battery modules 200, and to control the discharging switching module 320 to realize the switchable electrical connection between the multiple secondary battery modules 200 and the load A.

[0062] Furthermore, the control module may also include an emergency control unit (not shown), which is electrically connected to both the photovoltaic cell module 100 and the secondary battery module 200. The emergency control unit is configured to activate in emergency situations to simultaneously discharge or de-energize the secondary batteries in the multiple secondary battery modules 200. It is understood that while multiple secondary battery modules 200 are simultaneously supplying power to the vehicle, the photovoltaic cell module 100 may also be charging some or all of the secondary battery modules 200; "de-energization" in the context of simultaneous de-energization of the secondary batteries in multiple secondary battery modules 200 refers to the disconnection of both the discharge and charging circuits. (Reference) Figures 7-8 , Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the current flow direction when multiple secondary batteries in multiple secondary battery modules 200 discharge simultaneously under emergency conditions. Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the current flow when multiple secondary batteries in the secondary battery modules 200 are simultaneously de-energized in an emergency. Solid lines represent current flowing through the batteries, while dashed lines represent no current flowing through them.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, the emergency control unit includes an emergency automatic control unit and / or an emergency manual control unit. The emergency automatic control unit is configured to automatically activate in an emergency to simultaneously discharge or de-energize the secondary batteries in the multiple secondary battery modules 200; the emergency manual control unit is configured to manually activate in an emergency to simultaneously discharge or de-energize the secondary batteries in the multiple secondary battery modules 200. Optionally, the emergency control unit may include both an emergency automatic control unit and an emergency manual control unit, thereby allowing the emergency control unit to be manually activated to simultaneously discharge or de-energize the secondary batteries in the multiple secondary battery modules 200 when an emergency occurs and the automatic control unit malfunctions or becomes uncontrollable.

[0064] It should be noted that the "emergency operating condition" mentioned in this application refers to an operating condition in which a single or partial secondary battery module 200 is insufficient to meet the power demand of the load or other conditions requiring emergency avoidance during the uphill process. For example, in response to the fact that a single or partial secondary battery module 200 is insufficient to meet the power demand of the load during the uphill process, the emergency control unit can be automatically or manually activated to discharge the secondary batteries in multiple secondary battery modules 200 simultaneously. As another example, in response to other operating conditions requiring emergency avoidance (such as vehicle loss of control, water crossing, etc.), the emergency control unit can be automatically or manually activated to disconnect the secondary batteries in multiple secondary battery modules 200 simultaneously.

[0065] In some embodiments of this application, the state of charge (SOC) detection unit may include a first energy metering chip, a current detection element, and a voltage detection element. Both the first energy metering chip and the secondary battery are electrically connected to the current detection element, and both are electrically connected to the voltage detection element. The current detection element is adapted to detect the output current of the secondary battery, and the voltage detection element is adapted to detect the output voltage of the secondary battery. The first energy metering chip is adapted to calculate the SOC of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module based on the output current and output voltage of the secondary battery. The control module 500 may be electrically connected to the first energy metering chip to obtain the SOC of the secondary battery. The electrical connection between the first energy metering chip and the control module 500 may be wireless or wired. It should be noted that the algorithm used by the first energy metering chip to calculate the SOC of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200 based on the output current and output voltage of the secondary battery may be a custom algorithm or a conventional algorithm in the art.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, the state of charge (SOC) detection unit may include a second energy metering chip. The second energy metering chip integrates a current detection element and a voltage detection element. The second energy metering chip may have a detection port. The current detection element is electrically connected to the secondary battery through the detection port to detect the output current of the secondary battery. The voltage detection element is electrically connected to the secondary battery through the detection port to detect the output voltage of the secondary battery. The second energy metering chip is adapted to calculate the SOC of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200 based on the output current and output voltage of the secondary battery. The control module 500 may be electrically connected to the second energy metering chip to obtain the SOC of the secondary battery. The electrical connection between the second energy metering chip and the control module 500 may be wireless or wired. It should be noted that the algorithm used by the second energy metering chip to calculate the SOC of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200 based on the output current and output voltage of the secondary battery may be a custom algorithm or a conventional algorithm in the art.

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, the state of charge (SCC) detection unit may include a voltage detection element, which may be electrically connected to the secondary battery to detect the output voltage of the secondary battery. The SCC detection unit is adapted to calculate the SCC of the secondary battery based on the output voltage of the secondary battery. The control module 500 may be electrically connected to the voltage detection element, and the electrical connection between the voltage detection element and the control module 500 may be wireless or wired.

[0068] Optionally, the current sensing element may include, but is not limited to, a current sensor, and the voltage sensing element may include, but is not limited to, a voltage sensor. Further alternatively, the current sensing element may include, but is not limited to, a bidirectional current sensor.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the secondary battery module 200 may further include an over-temperature protection unit (not shown), which is electrically connected to the secondary battery. The over-temperature protection unit is adapted to regulate the charging and discharging current of the secondary battery based on the temperature of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200. For example, when the temperature of the secondary battery is high, the charging and discharging current of the secondary battery can be reduced to 0-50% of the original charging and discharging current.

[0070] It should be noted that the over-temperature protection unit can be a conventional choice in the art or have a conventional circuit structure in the art, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs. For example, the over-temperature protection unit may include a temperature sensor, an analysis unit, and a current modulator; wherein, the temperature sensor is suitable for detecting the temperature of the secondary battery, the analysis unit can be electrically connected to the temperature sensor to obtain the temperature of the secondary battery and output a modulation signal based on the temperature of the secondary battery, and the current modulator can be electrically connected to the analysis unit and the secondary battery respectively to regulate the charging and discharging current of the secondary battery according to the modulation signal.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, when the power supply system includes a control module 500, the over-temperature protection unit can also be electrically connected to the control module 500. The control module 500 is also adapted to switch the charge and discharge of each secondary battery module 200 in conjunction with the temperature of the secondary battery. For example, switching the charge and discharge of a secondary battery module 200 can be performed if one of the following conditions is met: first, the state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery in the discharging secondary battery module 200 is less than or equal to a preset first SOC switching threshold; second, the SOC of the secondary battery in the discharging secondary battery module 200 is greater than the preset first SOC switching threshold and less than or equal to a preset second SOC switching threshold, but the temperature of the secondary battery module 200 in the charging or discharging state is greater than or equal to a preset temperature switching threshold. After switching the charge and discharge of the secondary battery module 200, the SOC of the secondary battery in the discharging secondary battery module 200 is greater than the preset first SOC switching threshold, and the temperature of the secondary battery modules in the charging and discharging states is less than the preset temperature switching threshold. It is understood that those skilled in the art can select appropriate first state-of-charge switching thresholds, second state-of-charge switching thresholds, and temperature switching thresholds according to actual needs. The electrical connection between the over-temperature protection unit and the control module 500 can be wireless or wired.

[0072] In some embodiments of this application, the over-temperature protection unit can be configured to regulate the charging and discharging current of the secondary battery or the connection state of the charging and discharging circuit based on a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold. For example, when the temperature of the secondary battery is greater than the first temperature threshold but less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, the over-temperature protection unit can be configured to reduce the charging and discharging current of the secondary battery to reduce the heat dissipation of the secondary battery; when the temperature of the secondary battery is greater than the second temperature threshold, the over-temperature protection unit can be configured to output a switching signal to the control module 500, and the control module 500, based on the switching signal, controls the battery switching module to cut off the corresponding charging or discharging circuit, causing the secondary battery to stop charging or discharging, and / or select a secondary battery in another secondary battery module for charging or discharging. It is understood that those skilled in the art can select appropriate first and second temperature thresholds according to actual needs. For example, the first temperature threshold can be any value greater than or equal to 55°C and less than 65°C; the second temperature threshold can be any value greater than or equal to 65°C and less than or equal to 70°C.

[0073] refer to Figures 5-6 In some embodiments of this application, the secondary battery module 200 may further include a battery management system 220 (BMS). The BMS 220 is electrically connected to both the battery switching module and the secondary battery 210. The BMS 220 integrates a state-of-charge (SOC) detection unit and an over-temperature protection unit. The BMS 220 includes a communication port 224. The SOC detection unit and the over-temperature protection unit are independently electrically connected to the communication port 224. The control module 500 is electrically connected to the communication port 224 and is adapted to control the battery switching module to achieve charge / discharge switching of each secondary battery module 200 based on the SOC and temperature of the secondary battery. Signals output by the SOC detection unit and the over-temperature protection unit are transmitted to the control module via the communication port 224, either wired or wirelessly. The battery management system 220 is electrically connected to the secondary battery 210. The functions of the battery management system 220 include, but are not limited to, collecting current, voltage and temperature information of the secondary battery 210, evaluating the state of charge and health of the secondary battery 210, and performing charging management, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and overtemperature protection for the secondary battery 210.

[0074] Further reference Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6It is understood that the charging switching module 310 can be electrically connected to the secondary battery 210 through the battery management system 220; the secondary battery 210 can be electrically connected to the discharging switching module 320 through the battery management system 220. Specifically, the battery management system 220 may include a first connection port 221, a second connection port 222, and a third connection port 223. The first connection port 221 can be electrically connected to the first electrode of the secondary battery 210; the second connection port 222 can be electrically connected to the charging switching module 310, and the first electrode of the secondary battery 210 can be electrically connected to the charging switching module 310 through the first connection port 221 and the second connection port 222; the second electrode of the secondary battery 210 is also electrically connected to the charging switching module 310. The third connection port 223 can be electrically connected to the discharging switching module 320, and the first electrode of the secondary battery 210 can be electrically connected to the discharging switching module 320 through the first connection port 221 and the third connection port 223; the second electrode of the secondary battery 210 can also be electrically connected to the discharging switching module 320. The first electrode can be a positive electrode, and the second electrode can be a negative electrode; or, the first electrode can be a negative electrode, and the second electrode can be a positive electrode.

[0075] For example, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figures 5-6 Each charging switching port 312 includes a positive charging output port (e.g., A+ or B+) and a negative charging output port (e.g., A- or B-). The positive charging output port is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the secondary battery 210. The negative charging output port is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the secondary battery 210 through the first connection port 221 and the second connection port 222 of the battery management system 220. (Reference) Figure 1 , Figures 4-6 It is understood that each set of discharge switching ports 321 has a discharge positive input port (such as A+ or B+) and a discharge negative input port (such as A- or B-). The positive terminal of the secondary battery 210 is electrically connected to the discharge positive input port. The negative terminal of the secondary battery 210 and the discharge negative input port are electrically connected through the first connection port 221 and the third connection port 223 of the battery management system 220.

[0076] refer to Figure 1It is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the power supply system may further include a second charging port 600, which can be connected to the charging switching module 310. The second charging port 600 is adapted to connect to an external power source to charge the plurality of secondary batteries 210. Specifically, the second charging port 600 is electrically connected to the first charging port 311. When the vehicle is stationary, the secondary batteries can be charged using an external power source; simultaneously, the photovoltaic module can also charge the secondary batteries to improve charging efficiency and reduce charging costs.

[0077] refer to Figure 9 In some embodiments of this application, the secondary battery module 200 may further include a charge-discharge isolation unit 700. The charge-discharge isolation unit 700 may be electrically connected to the secondary battery 210, the charging switching module 310, and the discharging switching module 320, respectively. The charge-discharge isolation unit 700 is configured to: under normal driving conditions, identify whether a switching fault exists in the battery switching module based on the connectivity of the charging and discharging circuits of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200, and activate it when a switching fault exists. This achieves the following: in response to charging of a single secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200, prevent the secondary battery in that secondary battery module 200 from discharging; in response to discharging of a single secondary battery in the secondary battery module 200, prevent the secondary battery module in that secondary battery module 200 from charging. The charge-discharge isolation unit 700 can prevent cross-conduction between the charging and discharging circuits, further preventing simultaneous charging and discharging of the same secondary battery module 200. Its cooperation with the battery switching module provides a double-insurance effect, facilitating the independent execution of the charging and discharging processes.

[0078] It is understood that the charge / discharge isolation unit 700 can have a conventional charge / discharge isolation circuit structure in the art, and those skilled in the art can select one according to actual needs. Optionally, the charge / discharge isolation unit 700 may include a charging isolation unit and a discharging isolation unit. The charging isolation unit and the discharging isolation unit in the same charge / discharge isolation unit 700 can be electrically connected to realize information exchange between the charging isolation unit and the discharging isolation unit, thereby preventing cross-conduction between the charging circuit and the discharging circuit. Optionally, the charging isolation unit and the discharging isolation unit can be independently selected from one or more of MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), or other power semiconductor devices with charge / discharge isolation function.

[0079] refer to Figure 9Understood, in some embodiments of this application, any one of the charge-discharge isolation units 700 in the plurality of secondary battery modules 200 can be independently electrically connected to the other charge-discharge isolation units 700, and is suitable for realizing information interaction between the plurality of charge-discharge isolation units 700. The charge-discharge isolation units in the plurality of secondary battery modules are configured to: under normal driving conditions, identify whether there is a switching fault in the battery switching module based on the connection status of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit of the secondary battery in the plurality of secondary battery modules, and activate the charge-discharge isolation unit in the secondary battery module where the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are simultaneously connected when a switching fault exists. Optionally, each of the charge / discharge isolation units 700 may independently include a charging isolation unit and a discharging isolation unit. The charging isolation units and discharging isolation units in the same charge / discharge isolation unit 700 may be electrically connected to realize information interaction between the charging isolation units and the discharging isolation units. The charging isolation units in a single charge / discharge isolation unit 700 may be independently electrically connected to the charging isolation units and discharging isolation units in the other charge / discharge isolation units 700, and the discharging isolation units in a single charge / discharge isolation unit 700 may be independently electrically connected to the charging isolation units and discharging isolation units in the other charge / discharge isolation units 700 to realize information interaction between multiple charge / discharge isolation units 700.

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 9 It is understood that the power supply system may further include a control module 500, which may be electrically connected to the charge / discharge isolation unit 700, the state of charge detection unit, and the battery switching module, respectively. The control module 500 is also configured to determine whether to disconnect the charging circuit and / or discharging circuit between the battery switching module and each of the secondary battery modules in response to the connection signals of the charging circuit and discharging circuit transmitted by each of the charge / discharge isolation units 700 in the plurality of secondary battery modules and the detection signals of each of the state of charge detection units. For example, if the battery switching module malfunctions during charge / discharge switching, causing the charging and discharging circuits of the secondary battery module to conduct simultaneously, the charge / discharge isolation unit will activate. On the one hand, it will promptly isolate the charge and discharge circuits to prevent cross-conduction between the charging and discharging circuits. On the other hand, it will output a signal to the control module 500. The control module 500 will receive this signal and, in conjunction with the detection signals from the various state of charge detection units, determine which circuits in the secondary battery module 200 where the charging and discharging circuits are simultaneously conducting should be disconnected but have not been disconnected. It will then control the battery switching module to disconnect the faulty circuit between the battery switching module and the corresponding secondary battery module 200 by switching the charge / discharge circuit or disconnecting the faulty circuit individually.

[0081] In some embodiments of this application, the capacitor 400 may be a supercapacitor. Supercapacitors are characterized by ultra-fast charging and discharging, effectively buffering voltage surges caused by charging and discharging transitions. It is understood that those skilled in the art can select a supercapacitor with appropriate voltage and capacity according to actual needs.

[0082] refer to Figure 1 It is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell module 100 may include a photovoltaic cell 110, a DC-DC converter 120, and a transformer controller 130. The photovoltaic cell 110 is electrically connected to the DC-DC converter 120 through the transformer controller 130, and the DC-DC converter 120 is also electrically connected to the battery switching module. The DC-DC converter 120 can adjust its output current / voltage and power under the control of the transformer controller 130, thereby meeting the charging requirements of the secondary battery 210 and improving the stability of the input voltage. Optionally, the transformer controller 130 may include a boost controller and / or a buck controller, which can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.

[0083] Specifically, the transformer controller 130 may include, but is not limited to, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The MPPT controller, in conjunction with the DC-DC converter 120, can dynamically adjust the operating state of the photovoltaic cell 110, ensuring it always operates at its maximum power point (MPP), thereby maximizing the utilization efficiency of solar energy. Furthermore, the MPPT controller can ensure that the current and power output by the DC-DC converter 120 exhibit a slow and smooth change trend when the light intensity changes slowly, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system and reducing the impact of power fluctuations caused by changes in light intensity on the secondary battery 210.

[0084] Specifically, the photovoltaic cell 110 may include, but is not limited to, crystalline silicon solar cells, gallium nitride solar cells, perovskite solar cells, cadmium telluride solar cells, or gallium arsenide solar cells. The crystalline silicon cell may include monocrystalline silicon cells or polycrystalline silicon cells. The photovoltaic cell 110 may be a rigid solar cell or a flexible solar cell (such as a thin-film solar cell). Optionally, the photovoltaic cell 110 may be a flexible solar cell.

[0085] refer to Figure 6 Understandably, in some embodiments, the secondary battery 210 can be either a single secondary battery cell 211 or a battery module or battery pack assembled from the secondary battery cells 211. The number of secondary battery cells 211 contained in the battery module or battery pack can be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery module. Figure 6 The secondary battery 210 is a battery module assembled from secondary battery cells 211, as shown in the reference. Figure 6 Two adjacent battery modules in a plurality of battery modules can be arranged next to each other, and two adjacent battery modules can be separated by insulating material.

[0086] In some implementations, reference Figure 6 It is understood that the secondary battery 210 includes a plurality of secondary battery cells 211, and the plurality of secondary battery cells 211 can be electrically connected to the battery management system 220 independently.

[0087] In some embodiments, the secondary battery 210 may include, but is not limited to, a lithium battery or a sodium battery.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the plurality of secondary battery modules 200 may include a first secondary battery module and a second secondary battery module.

[0089] The charging and discharging switching process of a power supply system with two secondary battery modules 200 is described below: Under normal driving conditions, when the secondary battery in the first secondary battery module supplies power to the drive motor, the photovoltaic battery module 100 can charge the secondary battery in the second secondary battery module. This continues until the state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery in the first secondary battery module drops to the SOC switching threshold. At this point, the control module 500 can control the battery switching module to switch between charging and discharging, causing the secondary battery in the first secondary battery module to stop discharging and form a charging circuit with the photovoltaic battery module 100. The photovoltaic battery module then charges the first secondary battery module, while the secondary battery in the second secondary battery module supplies power to the drive motor. This process continues until the SOC of the secondary battery in the second secondary battery module drops to the SOC switching threshold. At this point, the control module 500 can again control the battery switching module to switch between charging and discharging, causing the secondary battery in the second secondary battery module to stop discharging and form a charging circuit with the photovoltaic battery module 100. The photovoltaic battery module then charges the second secondary battery module, while the secondary battery in the first secondary battery module supplies power to the drive motor.

[0090] In emergency situations, the emergency control unit can be activated to enable the first and second secondary battery modules to simultaneously supply power to the drive motor or to simultaneously de-energize both. When the first and second secondary battery modules supply power to the drive motor simultaneously, the photovoltaic cell module can either stop charging the first and second secondary battery modules or continue charging the first and / or second secondary battery modules.

[0091] When the vehicle is stationary, the first and second secondary battery modules can be charged simultaneously, either by external power supply or by the photovoltaic module 100.

[0092] A second aspect of this application provides a vehicle that includes the power supply system described in the first aspect. (Reference) Figures 10-12 It is understood that the vehicle includes a body 800 and a heat dissipation assembly. The outer surface of the body 800 includes a bonding surface 810. The photovoltaic cell module 100 includes a photovoltaic cell 110, which is bonded to the bonding surface 810. The heat dissipation assembly is disposed between the photovoltaic cell 110 and the bonding surface 810. The photovoltaic cell 110 generates heat during power generation, and this heat generation is more pronounced under high light intensity. Increased temperature of the photovoltaic cell 110 directly reduces its power generation capacity, leading to a decrease in its photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, increased temperature accelerates the aging and failure of the photovoltaic cell 110's encapsulation materials, shortening its lifespan. The heat dissipation assembly disposed between the photovoltaic cell 110 and the bonding surface 810 can reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic cell 110, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of high temperature on the photovoltaic cell 110's photoelectric conversion efficiency and encapsulation materials, and helping to maintain the photovoltaic cell 110's power generation capacity and lifespan.

[0093] Optionally, the photovoltaic cell can be a flexible solar cell.

[0094] Optionally, the photovoltaic cell module 100 may further include a DC-DC converter 120 and a transformer controller 130, wherein the DC-DC converter 120, transformer controller 130, secondary battery module 200, battery switching module, and capacitor 400 may all be located within the main body 800. Furthermore, the power supply system may also include a control module 500 and a charge / discharge isolation unit 700, wherein the control module 500 and the charge / discharge isolation unit 700 may also be located within the main body 800.

[0095] The following is combined Figures 10-16 The structure of the heat dissipation component is illustrated by example.

[0096] refer to Figures 12-13 It is understood that the heat dissipation component may include an air duct 910. Specifically, a first groove 811 may be provided on the bonding surface 810, which can enclose the photovoltaic cell 110 to form an air duct 910 with openings at both ends. This allows natural wind to be used to cool the photovoltaic cell 110 in a timely manner. Figure 13 for Figure 12 Cross-sectional view at MM' after the main body and photovoltaic cell are bonded together.

[0097] In some embodiments of this application, the air duct 910 can extend from the front to the rear of the vehicle, that is, the length direction of the air duct 910 can extend from the front to the rear of the vehicle. It is understood that the front of the vehicle refers to the side of the vehicle closest to its direction of travel, and the rear of the vehicle refers to the side of the vehicle away from its direction of travel. This improves the cooling effect of natural wind on the photovoltaic cell 110.

[0098] In some embodiments of this application, the inlet of the air duct 910 may be provided with a first filter (not shown); and / or, the outlet of the air duct 910 may be provided with a second filter (not shown). This helps to prevent debris such as fallen leaves from entering the air duct 910 and affecting the flow of natural wind within the air duct 910, thereby affecting the cooling effect on the photovoltaic cell 110.

[0099] Further reference Figures 14-15 It is understood that a ventilation pipe 911 can also be provided in the air duct 910. The height of the ventilation pipe 911 along the depth direction of the first groove 811 is less than the depth of the first groove 811, and multiple air holes 912 are provided on the side of the ventilation pipe 911 facing the photovoltaic cell 110. The multiple air holes 912 are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the air duct 910. Thus, an air gap can be formed between the ventilation pipe 911 and the photovoltaic cell 110. Under the influence of temperature difference, an upward airflow will be formed and discharged through the front and rear air holes 912, forming natural wind to achieve a cooling effect. Figure 15 for Figure 14 Cross-sectional view at NN' after the main body and photovoltaic cell are bonded together.

[0100] Further reference Figure 14 It is understood that the heat dissipation component 900 may further include a condenser 920, which can be sandwiched between the body 800 and the photovoltaic cell 110 and is located on the side of the first groove 811. This can improve the cooling efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 110.

[0101] refer to Figure 12 It is understood that a single photovoltaic cell 110 may have one or more first grooves 811 between it and the bonding surface 810, and the multiple first grooves 811 are spaced apart along the width direction of the air duct 910. In particular, setting multiple first grooves 811 is beneficial to forming multiple air ducts 910 between the same photovoltaic cell 110 and the body 800, increasing the heat dissipation area and improving the cooling effect on the photovoltaic cell 110.

[0102] refer to Figure 16It is understood that the heat dissipation component 900 may include a condenser 920, and a second groove 812 may be provided on the mating surface 810. The second groove 812 can enclose a receiving space with the photovoltaic cell 110, and the condenser 920 is disposed within the receiving space. Thus, the condenser 920 can be used to cool the photovoltaic cell 110 in a timely manner.

[0103] In some embodiments of this application, the condenser 920 can be a condenser tube, which can be filled with condensate. Optionally, the condensate can be a condensate at atmospheric pressure, as is common in the automotive industry.

[0104] In some embodiments of this application, the condenser 920 can be arranged in a U-shape, S-shape, ring shape, I-shape, or finger shape within the accommodating space. This is beneficial for extending the distribution length of the condenser 920 within the accommodating space, increasing the heat dissipation area, and improving the cooling effect on the photovoltaic cell 110.

[0105] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 16 It is understood that a single photovoltaic cell 110 may have one or more second grooves 812 between it and the bonding surface 810, and the multiple second grooves 812 may be spaced apart along the width direction of the accommodating space. The presence of multiple second grooves 812 facilitates the formation of multiple accommodating spaces for placing the condenser 920 between the same photovoltaic cell 110 and the body 800, increasing the heat dissipation area and improving the cooling effect on the photovoltaic cell 110.

[0106] refer to Figure 10 It is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell module may include multiple photovoltaic cells 110, which may be connected in series and / or in parallel. For example, all photovoltaic cells 110 may be connected in series. Alternatively, all photovoltaic cells 110 may be connected in parallel. Yet another example is that some photovoltaic cells 110 may be connected in series, and the remaining photovoltaic cells 110 may be connected in parallel. It is understood that the photovoltaic cells 110 connected in series have the same current, and the photovoltaic cells 110 connected in parallel have the same voltage.

[0107] refer to Figure 11It is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell 110 may include a flexible substrate 111 and at least one solar cell 112. The flexible substrate 111 is bonded to a bonding surface 810, and the solar cell 112 is disposed on the side of the flexible substrate 111 away from the bonding surface 810. This arrangement allows the solar cell 112 to be fixed to the flexible substrate 111 before being bonded to the body 800, facilitating electrical connections between the solar cells 112 and ensuring smooth fabrication processes. The bonding method between the flexible substrate 111 and the bonding surface 810 is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs. For example, the flexible substrate 111 and the bonding surface 810 may be bonded by one or more of riveting, welding, threaded connection, and bonding.

[0108] In some embodiments of this application, the location of the bonding surface 810 may include one or more of the head, top, side, and tail of the body 800. This allows for the utilization of as much of the surface area of ​​the body 800 with a large light-receiving area as possible for photovoltaic power generation, thereby increasing the driving range of the vehicle.

[0109] In some embodiments of this application, at least a portion of the bonding surface 810 can be an irregularly shaped surface. In addition to the planar area, photovoltaic cells 110 are also disposed on the irregularly shaped surface, which can increase the area of ​​the photovoltaic cells 110 on the surface of the body 800, thereby increasing the total power generation of the photovoltaic cells 110 and further improving the driving range. The "irregularly shaped surface" mentioned in this application refers to irregular, non-standard surface shapes, including but not limited to irregularly shaped planes that vary in a two-dimensional plane, such as wavy or sawtooth shapes; or irregularly shaped curved surfaces involving three-dimensional space, such as spheres, ellipsoids, hyperboloids, or single curved surfaces; or complex surfaces formed by the combination of the irregularly shaped planes and the irregularly shaped curved surfaces.

[0110] In some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell 110 may include multiple solar cells 112 arranged in an array, and the multiple solar cells 112 may be connected in series and / or in parallel. This arrangement allows the solar cells 112 to have a smaller size, which helps reduce the stress and strain experienced by the solar cells 112 when the photovoltaic cell 110 is bonded to the bonding surface 810. This further facilitates the bonding of the photovoltaic cell 110 to the body 800, especially for rigid solar cells bonded to irregularly shaped surfaces, reducing the risk of failure due to large deformation during bonding. The shape of the solar cells 112 may include, but is not limited to, rectangles, and the rectangle may be a square or a rectangular shape.

[0111] In some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic cell 110 may further include a transparent protective plate 140, with the solar cell 112 located between the transparent protective plate 140 and the flexible substrate 111. The visible light transmittance of the transparent protective plate 140 is greater than or equal to 91%. The transparent protective plate 140 can block mechanical stress from the solar cell 112 while ensuring that light enters the photovoltaic cell 110 to the maximum extent.

[0112] In some embodiments of this application, the type of vehicle is not particularly limited, and no particular limitation is made here. Optionally, the vehicle may include, but is not limited to, one or more of multi-wheeled vehicles, ships, and aircraft.

[0113] For example, the multi-wheeled vehicle may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: unicycle, two-wheeled vehicle, three-wheeled vehicle, and four-wheeled vehicle. For instance, the two-wheeled vehicle may include, but is not limited to, electric bicycles and electric wheelchairs; the three-wheeled vehicle may include, but is not limited to, one- or more-seat three-wheeled electric vehicles; and the four-wheeled vehicle may include, but is not limited to, one-, two-, three-, or more-than-three-seat electric four-wheeled vehicles.

[0114] For example, the multi-wheeled vehicle may include, but is not limited to, a convertible or a covered multi-wheeled vehicle.

[0115] For example, the multi-wheeled vehicle may include, but is not limited to, multi-wheeled vehicles that include doors and / or a roof.

[0116] In some embodiments of this application, the vehicle may be a multi-wheeled vehicle, and the contact surface 810 of the multi-wheeled vehicle may include one or more of the front, roof, door, and rear of the vehicle. For a multi-wheeled vehicle with a canopy, the body 800 of the multi-wheeled vehicle may also include a canopy, and the outer surface of the canopy may include the contact surface 810. The outer surface of the canopy refers to the surface of the canopy away from the body 800.

[0117] For example, the vessel may include, but is not limited to, a ship, ferry, or yacht.

[0118] For example, the aircraft may include, but is not limited to, aircraft, spacecraft, etc., and aircraft may include, but is not limited to, airplanes, helicopters, drones, etc.

[0119] The present application has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, and it can be combined arbitrarily as needed, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present application fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A power supply system for vehicles, characterized in that, include: Photovoltaic cell modules; Multiple secondary battery modules, each secondary battery module including a secondary battery and a state of charge detection unit, wherein the state of charge detection unit is electrically connected to the secondary battery; A battery switching module is provided, wherein the photovoltaic cell module is electrically connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules in a switchable manner, and the plurality of secondary battery modules are electrically connected to the load in a switchable manner, respectively, through the battery switching module. The battery switching module is configured to realize the charging and discharging switching of each of the secondary battery modules and to prevent the secondary batteries in the same secondary battery module from being charged and discharged simultaneously under normal driving conditions, based on the relative magnitude of the detection result of the state of charge detection unit in the secondary battery module in the discharging state and the state of charge switching threshold. A capacitor, the capacitor being adapted to be connected in parallel with the load.

2. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The state of charge detection unit includes: A first power metering chip, a current sensing element, and a voltage sensing element, wherein the current sensing element is electrically connected to both the first power metering chip and the secondary battery, and the voltage sensing element is electrically connected to both the first power metering chip and the secondary battery; or... A second power metering chip integrates a current detection element and a voltage detection element. The second power metering chip has a detection port, through which the current detection element and the voltage detection element are electrically connected to the secondary battery; or... A voltage detection element is electrically connected to the secondary battery.

3. The power supply system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The battery switching module includes an independent charging switching module and a discharging switching module. The photovoltaic cell module is electrically connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules in a switchable manner through the charging switching module, and the plurality of secondary battery modules are electrically connected to the load in a switchable manner through the discharging switching module.

4. The power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The charging switching module includes a first charging port and a charging switching port. The first charging port is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell module, and the charging switching port is switchably electrically connected to each of the plurality of secondary battery modules; and / or The discharge switching module includes a discharge switching port and a discharge port. The discharge switching port is electrically connected to each of the plurality of secondary battery modules in a switchable manner, and the discharge port is electrically connected to the load; and / or The charging switching module is a charging relay module; and / or, The discharge switching module is a discharge relay module.

5. The power supply system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A control module is electrically connected to the battery switching module and the state of charge detection unit, respectively. The control module is adapted to control the battery switching module to realize the charging and discharging switching of each secondary battery module according to the relative magnitude of the detection result of the state of charge detection unit in the secondary battery module in the discharging state and the preset state of charge switching threshold.

6. The power supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control module further includes an emergency control unit, which is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell module and the secondary battery module respectively. The emergency control unit is configured to be activated in an emergency to enable the secondary batteries in the multiple secondary battery modules to discharge or be powered off simultaneously.

7. The power supply system according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The secondary battery module further includes an over-temperature protection unit, which is electrically connected to the secondary battery. The over-temperature protection unit is adapted to regulate the charging and discharging current of the secondary battery based on the temperature of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module; and / or, The over-temperature protection unit is also electrically connected to the control module, which is also adapted to switch the charging and discharging of each secondary battery module in conjunction with the temperature of the secondary battery.

8. The power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The secondary battery module also includes: The battery management system is electrically connected to the battery switching module and the secondary battery, and integrates the state of charge detection unit and the over-temperature protection unit. The battery management system includes a communication port, and the state of charge detection unit and the over-temperature protection unit are independently electrically connected to the communication port. The control module is electrically connected to the communication port.

9. The power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The battery switching module includes: A charging switching module is provided, wherein the photovoltaic cell module is electrically connected to the plurality of secondary battery modules in a switchable manner through the charging switching module, and the charging switching module is electrically connected to the secondary battery through the battery management system; A discharge switching module is provided, in which the plurality of secondary battery modules are electrically connected to the load in a switchable manner, and the secondary batteries are electrically connected to the discharge switching module through the battery management system.

10. The power supply system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The battery management system includes: A first connection port is electrically connected to the first electrode of the secondary battery; The second connection port is electrically connected to the charging switching module, and the first electrode of the secondary battery is electrically connected to the charging switching module through the first connection port and the second connection port. The third connection port is electrically connected to the discharge switching module, and the first electrode of the secondary battery is electrically connected to the discharge switching module through the first connection port and the third connection port.

11. The power supply system according to claim 4 or 10, characterized in that, Also includes: The second charging port is electrically connected to the charging switching module and is adapted to connect to an external power source.

12. The power supply system according to claim 4 or 10, characterized in that, The secondary battery module also includes: A charge-discharge isolation unit is electrically connected to the secondary battery, the charging switching module, and the discharging switching module, respectively. The charge-discharge isolation unit is configured to: under normal driving conditions, identify whether there is a switching fault in the battery switching module based on the connection status of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit of the secondary battery in the secondary battery module, and activate it when a switching fault exists, so as to prevent the secondary battery in the secondary battery module from discharging in response to the charging of the secondary battery in a single secondary battery module, and prevent the secondary battery module in the secondary battery module from charging in response to the discharging of the secondary battery in a single secondary battery module.

13. The power supply system according to claim 12, characterized in that, Each of the charge-discharge isolation units in the plurality of secondary battery modules is independently electrically connected to the other charge-discharge isolation units. The charge-discharge isolation units in the plurality of secondary battery modules are configured to: under normal driving conditions, identify whether there is a switching fault in the battery switching module based on the connection status of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit of the secondary battery in the plurality of secondary battery modules, and activate the charge-discharge isolation unit in the secondary battery module where the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are simultaneously connected when a switching fault exists.

14. The power supply system according to claim 13, characterized in that, It also includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the charge-discharge isolation unit, the state of charge detection unit and the battery switching module respectively. The control module is also configured to determine whether to disconnect the charging circuit and / or discharging circuit between the battery switching module and each of the secondary battery modules in response to the connection signal of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit transmitted by each of the charge-discharge isolation units in the plurality of secondary battery modules and the detection signal of each of the state of charge detection units.

15. The power supply system according to claim 1 or 14, characterized in that, The capacitor in question is a supercapacitor.

16. The power supply system according to claim 1 or 14, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic cell, a DC-DC converter, and a transformer controller. The photovoltaic cell is electrically connected to the DC-DC converter via the transformer controller, and the DC-DC converter is also electrically connected to the battery switching module; and / or, The plurality of secondary battery modules include a first secondary battery module and a second secondary battery module.

17. A means of transportation, characterized in that, Includes the power supply system as described in any one of claims 1-16.

18. The means of transport according to claim 17, characterized in that, The photovoltaic cell module includes a photovoltaic cell; the vehicle includes: The main body has an outer surface including a bonding surface, and the photovoltaic cell is bonded to the bonding surface. A heat dissipation component is disposed between the photovoltaic cell and the bonding surface.

19. The means of transport according to claim 18, characterized in that, The heat dissipation component includes an air duct, and a first groove is provided on the bonding surface. The first groove and the photovoltaic cell enclose the air duct with openings at both ends.

20. The means of transport according to claim 19, characterized in that, The air duct extends from the front to the rear of the vehicle; and / or, The air duct inlet is equipped with a first filter; and / or, The outlet of the air duct is equipped with a second filter; and / or, The air duct is further provided with a ventilation pipe, the height of which along the depth of the first groove is less than the depth of the first groove, and the ventilation pipe has multiple air holes on the side facing the photovoltaic cell, the multiple air holes being spaced apart along the length of the air duct; and / or, Each photovoltaic cell has one or more of the first grooves between itself and the bonding surface, and the plurality of the first grooves are spaced apart along the width direction of the air duct.

21. The means of transport according to any one of claims 18-20, characterized in that, The heat dissipation component includes a condenser, and a second groove is provided on the bonding surface. The second groove and the photovoltaic cell enclose a receiving space, and the condenser is disposed within the receiving space.

22. The means of transport according to claim 21, characterized in that, Each photovoltaic cell has one or more second grooves between itself and the bonding surface, and the plurality of second grooves are spaced apart along the width direction of the receiving space.

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