Balancing circuit, emergency starting power supply and start-stop power supply

Abstract

The application discloses a balancing circuit, an emergency starting power supply and a start-stop power supply. The balancing circuit comprises an energy storage module composed of N energy storage units connected in series, an equalization module composed of N equalization units corresponding to the energy storage units, a first switch circuit composed of N first switch units, a second switch circuit composed of N second switch units and a control module; each equalization unit and the corresponding energy storage unit form a first power-on loop, and the equalization units are connected in parallel with each other to form a second power-on loop; each first switch unit is arranged in the corresponding first power-on loop to adjust the on-off of the first power-on loop; each second switch unit is arranged in the corresponding second power-on loop to adjust the on-off of the second power-on loop; and the control unit is used for controlling the on-off of the connected first switch circuit and / or second switch circuit. The energy balancing between the batteries is realized by using a simplified circuit structure composed of conventional components, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of electrical engineering technology, and in particular relates to an equalization circuit, a battery equalization method, an emergency start-up power supply, and a start-stop power supply. Background Technology

[0002] In battery packs, inconsistencies exist among individual cells. These inconsistencies can lead to numerous adverse consequences, including reduced overall battery capacity, significantly shortened battery lifespan, limitations on overall charge / discharge power, and in severe cases, even threats to battery safety. Therefore, the battery management system's function of balancing the energy of each cell is crucial.

[0003] Traditional active balancing systems involve complex circuit designs and numerous components, resulting in generally high manufacturing costs. In large-scale applications, these high costs can significantly impact the overall cost of the battery system, hindering its widespread adoption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes an equalization circuit, a battery equalization method, an emergency start-up power supply, and a start-stop power supply. Employing a simplified circuit structure composed of conventional components, it can actively achieve energy equalization between batteries, reducing production costs and improving reliability.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an equalization circuit, which includes an energy storage module, an equalization module, a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, and a control module; The energy storage module includes N energy storage units connected in series, where N is a positive integer greater than 1; The equalization module includes N equalization units, each equalization unit corresponds to one of the energy storage units, each equalization unit and the corresponding energy storage unit form a first power circuit, and the equalization units are connected in parallel to each other to form a second power circuit. The first switching circuit includes N first switching units, each of which corresponds to a first energizing circuit. Each first switching unit is located in the corresponding first energizing circuit. The first switching circuit is used to adjust the on / off state of the first energizing circuit. The second switching circuit includes N second switching units, each of which corresponds to a second energizing circuit. Each second switching unit is located in the corresponding second energizing circuit. The second switching circuit is used to adjust the on / off state of the second energizing circuit. The control module is connected to the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit respectively, and is used to control the first switch circuit and / or the second switch circuit to control the on / off state of the first power-on circuit and the second power-on circuit.

[0006] Secondly, this application provides a battery balancing method applied to the aforementioned balancing circuit, the battery balancing method comprising: When the voltage difference between each of the energy storage units is greater than a preset voltage difference, control each of the first switching circuits to be turned on and each of the second switching circuits to be turned off; When the energy storage module has completed charging and discharging, each of the first switching circuits is turned off and each of the second switching circuits is turned on to balance the voltage of each equalization unit. Once the voltage balancing of each of the equalization units is completed, the first switching circuit is turned on and the second switching circuit is turned off, so as to balance the corresponding energy storage unit through the equalization unit.

[0007] Thirdly, this application provides an emergency start-up power supply, including a housing, an energy storage module, a connection port, an output path, and the aforementioned equalization circuit; The outer casing includes at least a housing; The energy storage module is located inside the outer casing; The connection port is electrically connected to the energy storage module; The output path is detachably connected to the connector, and the output path is used to electrically connect the connector and the car battery; The equalization circuit is used to connect the energy storage module.

[0008] Fourthly, this application provides a start-stop power supply, including a housing, an energy storage module, terminals, and the aforementioned equalization circuit; The outer casing includes at least a housing; The energy storage module is located inside the outer casing; The electrode post is located on one side of the outer casing and is electrically connected to the energy storage module; and The equalization circuit is used to connect the energy storage module.

[0009] The equalization circuit, battery equalization method, emergency start-up power supply, and start-stop power supply provided in this application embodiment use conventional components to form the various components of the equalization circuit, thereby reducing the production cost of the equalization circuit; the control module controls the on / off state of the first and second switching circuits to charge and discharge each equalization unit, and realizes the energy transfer between each energy storage unit through the charging and discharging of each equalization unit, so that the energy of each energy storage unit remains consistent, maintains the overall performance of the energy storage module, and improves the service life of each energy storage unit.

[0010] In this way, battery balancing is achieved with a small number of switches, diodes, and resistors, avoiding the use of a large number of expensive components (such as bridge driver ICs and peripheral diodes), thus reducing production costs. Fewer components in the circuit reduce the likelihood of malfunctions and improve safety. At the same time, the balancing circuit uses conventional components, avoiding the production difficulties caused by supply shortages or price increases associated with traditional dedicated ICs, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0011] Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the equalization circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of the battery balancing method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equalization device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the controller provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the emergency start-up power supply provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the start-stop power supply provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power tool provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0013] Appendix Figure 1 The markings are explained below: Equalization circuit 100, energy storage module 10, energy storage unit 11, total positive terminal 12, total negative terminal 13, equalization module 20, equalization unit 21, first power-on circuit 30, diode 31, fifth voltage divider resistor 32, sixth voltage divider resistor 33, second power-on circuit 40, seventh voltage divider resistor 41, first switch circuit 50, first switch unit 51, first switch sub-unit 52, second switch circuit 60, second switch unit 61, second switch sub-unit 62, third switch sub-unit 63, control module 70, first control port 71, second control port 72, first control switch 73, second control switch 74, first control sub-switch 75, second control sub-switch 76, first voltage divider resistor 77, second voltage divider resistor 78, third voltage divider resistor 79, fourth voltage divider resistor 80, control circuit 81, high voltage port 82, low voltage port 83. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments of this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0015] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0016] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0017] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this invention, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. The equalization circuit 100 will be described in detail below.

[0019] The equalization circuit 100 includes an energy storage module 10, an equalization module 20, a first switching circuit 50, a second switching circuit 60, and a control module 70.

[0020] The energy storage module 10 includes N energy storage units 11 connected in series, where N is a positive integer greater than 1; the two ends of the series connection of the N energy storage units 11 are the total positive terminal 12 and the total negative terminal 13, respectively. Optionally, the total negative terminal 13 can be grounded.

[0021] The maximum energy storage capacity of each energy storage unit 11 remains consistent. For example, when the energy storage unit 11 is a rechargeable battery, the battery capacities of each rechargeable battery are equal or substantially equal. Optionally, the energy storage unit 11 includes a rechargeable battery or a supercapacitor. The rechargeable battery includes sodium batteries, lithium batteries, or lead-acid batteries, etc., and the supercapacitor includes carbon electrode capacitors, noble metal oxide electrode capacitors, conductive polymer electrode capacitors, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0022] The equalization module 20 includes N equalization units 21, each equalization unit 21 corresponds to an energy storage unit 11, each equalization unit 21 and its corresponding energy storage unit 11 form a first power circuit 30, and the equalization units 21 are connected in parallel to each other to form a second power circuit 40. Through the first power-on circuit 30, the equalization unit 21 can transfer energy to the corresponding energy storage unit 11; through the second power-on circuit 40, energy can be transferred between the equalization units 21 to achieve energy balance among the equalization units 21.

[0023] The capacitance of each equalization unit 21 is consistent. For example, when the equalization unit 21 is a capacitor, the capacitance of each capacitor is equal or substantially equal. Optionally, the equalization unit 21 can be a capacitor with a high voltage rating, such as an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, a ceramic capacitor, or a bootstrap capacitor. This application embodiment does not limit this. The first switching circuit 50 includes N first switching units 51, each of which corresponds to a first energizing circuit 30. Each first switching unit 51 is located in its corresponding first energizing circuit 30. The first switching circuit 50 is used to adjust the on / off state of the first energizing circuit 30. When each first switching unit 51 is on, each first energizing circuit 30 is on. When each first switching unit 51 is off, each first energizing circuit 30 is off.

[0024] The second switching circuit 60 includes N second switching units 61, each corresponding to a second energizing circuit 40. Each second switching unit 61 is located in its corresponding second energizing circuit 40. The second switching circuit 60 is used to adjust the on / off state of the second energizing circuit 40. When each second switching unit 61 is on, each second energizing circuit 40 is on; when each second switching unit 61 is off, each second energizing circuit 40 is off.

[0025] The control module 70 is connected to the first switching circuit 50 and the second switching circuit 60, respectively, and is used to control the first switching circuit 50 and / or the second switching circuit 60 to control the on / off state of the first energized circuit 30 and the second energized circuit 40. The control module 70 can output corresponding electrical signals to the first switching circuit 50 and the second switching circuit 60, respectively. The first switching circuit 50 controls the on / off state of each first switching unit 51 based on the corresponding electrical signals, and the second switching circuit 60 controls the on / off state of each second switching unit 61 based on the corresponding electrical signals.

[0026] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The first switching circuit 50 and the second switching circuit 60 are interlocked.

[0027] The first switching circuit 50 and the second switching circuit 60 will not be in a conducting state simultaneously, that is, the first power-on circuit 30 and the second power-on circuit 40 will not be in a conducting state simultaneously. If the first power-on circuit 30 and the second power-on circuit 40 are in a conducting state simultaneously, each energy storage unit 11 will be interconnected through each equalizing unit 21. In this case, the energy storage unit 11 may overcharge the equalizing unit 21, causing the equalizing unit 21 to break down and be damaged, or even causing a short circuit, making the equalizing circuit 100 unable to work properly. It may also cause the discharge current of the energy storage unit 11 to increase, further increasing the losses of the first switching unit 51 and the second switching unit 61, causing the energy storage unit 11 to overheat, accelerating the aging of the energy storage unit 11, shortening the service life of the energy storage unit 11, and in severe cases, even damaging the energy storage unit 11, the first switching unit 51 and the second switching unit 61, causing safety problems (such as fire, explosion, etc.).

[0028] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The first switching unit 51 includes two first switching sub-units 52. The two first switching sub-units 52 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit 11 of the corresponding first power circuit 30. The two first switching sub-units 52 are also respectively connected to the two ends of the equalization unit 21 of the corresponding first power circuit 30.

[0029] Two first switching subunits 52 respectively control the on / off state of energy transfer between the corresponding equalization unit 21 and the corresponding energy storage unit 11. Optionally, the first switching subunit 52 can be a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a junction field-effect transistor (JEFT), a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), or a relay, etc., and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0030] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The first switching circuit 50 corresponding to the energy storage unit 11 whose negative terminal is not connected to the positive terminal of the adjacent energy storage unit 11 includes a first switching sub-unit 52 connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit 11.

[0031] One end of the equalization unit 21, which is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit 11 connected to the main negative terminal 13, is also connected to the main negative terminal 13. The continuous connection between the two does not affect the flow of electrical energy between the various equalization units 21. Therefore, the connection between the equalization unit 21 and the corresponding negative terminal of the energy storage unit 11 does not need to be controlled, which simplifies the circuit structure and reduces production costs.

[0032] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The second switching unit 61 includes a second switching subunit 62 and a third switching subunit 63. The first end of the second switching subunit 62 and the first end of the third switching subunit 63 are respectively connected to the two ends of the equalization unit 21 of the corresponding second power-on circuit 40. The second ends of each second switching subunit 62 are connected to each other, and the second ends of each third switching subunit 63 are connected to each other.

[0033] The second switching subunit 62 and the third switching subunit 63 simultaneously control the on / off state of energy transfer between the corresponding equalization unit 21 and the corresponding energy storage unit 11. Optionally, the second switching subunit 62 and the third switching subunit 63 can be devices such as MOSFETs, JEFTs, BJTs, and relays, etc., and this application embodiment does not limit them.

[0034] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The control module 70 includes a first control port 71 and a second control port 72. The first control port 71 is connected to the first switch circuit 50, and the second control port 72 is connected to the second switch circuit 60.

[0035] The output voltages of the first control port 71 and the second control port 72 are variable. Based on the voltage values ​​of the first control port 71 and the second control port 72, the first switching circuit 50 and the second switching circuit 60 can be respectively determined to be turned on or off.

[0036] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The control module 70 also includes a first control switch 73 and a second control switch 74.

[0037] The first control switch 73 is connected to the first control port 71 to control the on / off state of the first switch circuit 50.

[0038] The second control switch 74 is connected to the second control port 72 to control the on / off state of the second switch circuit 60.

[0039] When the first control switch 73 is turned on, the output voltage of the first control port 71 meets the conduction requirements of the first switch circuit 50, each first power-on circuit 30 is turned on, and energy is transferred between the energy storage unit 11 and the corresponding equalization unit 21; when the first control switch 73 is turned off, the output voltage of the first control port 71 does not meet the conduction requirements of the first switch circuit 50, each first power-on circuit 30 is turned off, and energy cannot be transferred between the energy storage unit 11 and the corresponding equalization unit 21.

[0040] When the second control switch 74 is on, the output voltage of the second control port 72 meets the conduction requirements of the second switch circuit 60, each second energized circuit 40 is on, and energy is transferred between each equalization unit 21; when the second control switch 74 is off, the output voltage of the second control port 72 does not meet the conduction requirements of the second switch circuit 60, each second energized circuit 40 is off, and energy cannot be transferred between each equalization unit 21.

[0041] In this way, by controlling the on / off state of the first control switch 73 and the second control switch 74, energy balance can be achieved among the various energy storage units 11, extending the service life of the energy storage units 11 and enhancing the safety of the energy storage module 10.

[0042] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The control module 70 also includes a first voltage divider resistor 77, a second voltage divider resistor 78, a third voltage divider resistor 79, and a fourth voltage divider resistor 80. The second control switch 74 includes a first control sub-switch 75 and a second control sub-switch 76. The first voltage divider resistor 77, the second voltage divider resistor 78, and the first control sub-switch 75 are connected in series, and the third voltage divider resistor 79, the fourth voltage divider resistor 80, and the second control sub-switch 76 are connected in series.

[0043] The resistance values ​​of the first voltage divider resistor 77, the second voltage divider resistor 78, the third voltage divider resistor 79, and the fourth voltage divider resistor 80 are calculated based on the switching conditions of the first control sub-switch 75 and the second control sub-switch 76, respectively. Optionally, the first voltage divider resistor 77, the second voltage divider resistor 78, the third voltage divider resistor 79, and the fourth voltage divider resistor 80 can be wire-wound resistors, carbon film resistors, metal film resistors, etc., and this embodiment does not limit the specific type of resistor.

[0044] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1The control module 70 also includes a high-voltage port 82, a low-voltage port 83, and a control circuit 81. The first control sub-switch 75 includes a field-effect transistor. The end of the first voltage divider resistor 77 that is not connected to the second voltage divider resistor 78 is connected to the high-voltage port 82. The drain of the first control sub-switch 75 is connected to the second voltage divider resistor 78, the source is connected to the low-voltage port 83, and the gate is connected to the control circuit 81. The control circuit 81 controls the on / off state of the first control sub-switch 75 by outputting a high-level or low-level signal, thereby controlling the voltage value at the connection point between the first voltage divider resistor 77 and the second voltage divider resistor 78.

[0045] The control circuit 81 can selectively output a high-level signal with a voltage difference greater than the turn-on voltage of the first control sub-switch 75, and output a low-level signal with a voltage difference less than the turn-on voltage of the first control sub-switch.

[0046] Optionally, the high-voltage port 82 can be a port with the same voltage as the total positive terminal 12, and the low-voltage port 83 can be a port with the same voltage as the total negative terminal 13, or grounded, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0047] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The second control sub-switch 76 includes a first field-effect transistor, the gate of which is connected to the connection point of the first voltage divider resistor 77 and the second voltage divider resistor 78, and the second control port 72 is connected to the connection point of the third voltage divider resistor 79 and the fourth voltage divider resistor 80.

[0048] The control circuit 81 controls the on / off state of the first control sub-switch 75 by outputting a high-level or low-level signal, thereby controlling the voltage value at the connection point between the first voltage divider resistor 77 and the second voltage divider resistor 78, and consequently controlling the gate voltage of the first field-effect transistor and its on / off state. When the first field-effect transistor is on or off, the voltage value at the connection point of the third voltage divider resistor 79 and the fourth voltage divider resistor 80 is different, that is, the voltage of the second control port 72 is different. According to the different voltage values ​​of the second control port 72, the second switch circuit 60 can be turned on or off accordingly, thereby turning each of the second energized circuits 40 on or off.

[0049] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1The first control switch 73 of the control module 70 includes a field-effect transistor. The gate of the first control switch 73 is connected to the control circuit 81, the source is connected to the low-voltage port 83, and the drain is connected to the first control port 71. The control circuit 81 controls the on / off state of the first control switch 73 by outputting a high-level or low-level signal, thereby controlling the voltage value of the first control port 71. According to different voltage values ​​of the first control port 71, the first switch circuit 50 can be turned on or off accordingly, thereby turning on or off each of the first energized circuits 30.

[0050] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The first power-on circuit 30 also includes a diode 31, a fifth voltage divider resistor 32 and a sixth voltage divider resistor 33. The fifth voltage divider resistor 32 and the sixth voltage divider resistor 33 are connected in series to the positive terminal of the corresponding energy storage unit 11 and the anode of the diode 31. The cathode of the diode 31 is connected to the control module 70. The first switching subunit 52 includes a second field-effect transistor. The gates of the two second field-effect transistors in the first power-on circuit 30 are connected to the connection point of the fifth voltage divider resistor 32 and the sixth voltage divider resistor 33.

[0051] The cathode of diode 31 is connected to the first control port 71 of control module 70. Diode 31 has unidirectional conductivity and is used to conduct or isolate the connection between the sixth voltage divider resistor 33 and the first control port 71. Diode 31 is inexpensive, which can reduce production costs.

[0052] Depending on the different voltage values ​​of the first control port 71, diode 31 is turned on or off accordingly. When diode 31 is turned on, the voltage at the connection point of the fifth voltage divider resistor 32 and the sixth voltage divider resistor 33 (i.e., the voltage of the second control port 72) satisfies the conduction condition of the second field-effect transistor. Furthermore, each second field-effect transistor is turned on, and each second power-on circuit 40 is turned on.

[0053] Optionally, diode 31 can be replaced with other components that have unidirectional conductivity and are inexpensive. The fifth voltage divider resistor 32 and the sixth voltage divider resistor 33 can be wire-wound resistors, carbon film resistors, metal film resistors, etc. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0054] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The second power-on circuit 40 also includes a seventh voltage divider resistor 41, the second switch subunit 62 includes a third field-effect transistor, and the third switch subunit 63 includes a fourth field-effect transistor.

[0055] One end of the seventh voltage divider resistor 41 is connected to the source of the fourth field-effect transistor, and the other end is connected to the gates of the third and fourth field-effect transistors.

[0056] The seventh voltage divider resistor 41 is used for voltage division. When the output voltage of the second control port 72 meets the conduction conditions of each third field-effect transistor and the fourth field-effect transistor, the voltage across the seventh voltage divider resistor 41 is greater than the conduction voltage of the third field-effect transistor and the fourth field-effect transistor. Each third field-effect transistor and the fourth field-effect transistor are turned on. Furthermore, each second power-on circuit 40 is turned on, and energy balance is achieved between each equalization unit 21. When the output voltage of the second control port 72 does not meet the conduction conditions of each third field-effect transistor and the fourth field-effect transistor, the voltage across the seventh voltage divider resistor 41 is less than the conduction voltage of the third field-effect transistor and the fourth field-effect transistor, and each third field-effect transistor and the fourth field-effect transistor are disconnected. Furthermore, each second power-on circuit 40 is disconnected, and energy balance cannot be achieved between each equalization unit 21.

[0057] Optionally, the seventh voltage divider resistor 41 can be a wire-wound resistor, a carbon film resistor, a metal film resistor, etc., and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0058] Based on the above description of the equalization circuit 100, this application embodiment provides a battery equalization method, which is described in detail below: Please see Figure 2 The battery balancing method provided in this application embodiment is implemented by steps 011, 012 and 013, which are described in detail below.

[0059] Step 011: When the voltage difference between each energy storage unit is greater than the preset voltage difference, control the first switching circuit to turn on and the second switching circuit to turn off; Specifically, when any voltage difference between the energy storage units exceeds a preset voltage difference, each first switching circuit is turned on and each second switching circuit is turned off, so that each equalizing unit is connected in parallel with its corresponding energy storage unit, and each energy storage unit charges or discharges its corresponding equalizing unit. For example, when the voltage of the equalizing unit is less than the voltage of the corresponding energy storage unit, the energy storage unit charges the equalizing unit; when the voltage of the equalizing unit is greater than the voltage of the corresponding energy storage unit, the equalizing unit discharges the energy storage unit.

[0060] Step 012: After the energy storage module has finished charging and discharging, control the first switching circuit to disconnect and the second switching circuit to turn on, so as to balance the voltage of each equalization unit; Specifically, when the energy storage module has completed charging and discharging, each first switching circuit is disconnected and each second switching circuit is turned on, so that each equalization unit is disconnected from the corresponding energy storage unit. Each equalization unit is connected in parallel and begins to equalize the voltage. The energy in the equalization unit with higher voltage flows to the equalization unit with lower voltage, and the voltage of each equalization unit gradually becomes consistent.

[0061] Optionally, the completion of charging and discharging of the energy storage module may mean that the voltage across each equalization unit is the same as the voltage across the corresponding energy storage unit, or that the connection time between each equalization unit and the corresponding energy storage unit exceeds a first preset time (within the first preset time, each equalization unit is connected to the corresponding energy storage unit, and the energy exchange between the two is basically completed).

[0062] Step 013: After the voltage balancing of each equalization unit is completed, control the first switching circuit to be turned on and the second switching circuit to be turned off, so as to balance the corresponding energy storage unit through the equalization unit.

[0063] Specifically, when the voltage of each equalization unit is equalized, each first switching circuit is turned on and each second switching circuit 30 is turned off. When the voltage of the equalization unit and the corresponding energy storage unit are inconsistent, if the voltage of the equalization unit is higher than the voltage of the corresponding energy storage unit, the equalization unit discharges to the energy storage unit; if the voltage of the equalization unit is lower than the voltage of the corresponding energy storage unit, the energy storage unit charges the equalization unit. The voltage of each equalization unit and the corresponding energy storage unit gradually becomes equal.

[0064] Optionally, voltage balancing of each equalization unit can be achieved by the voltage of each equalization unit being consistent, or the voltage of each equalization unit being within a preset voltage range (the voltage of each equalization unit being basically consistent), or the time during which each equalization unit is connected in parallel exceeding a second preset duration (within the second preset duration, each equalization unit is connected in parallel, and the energy exchange between each equalization unit is basically completed).

[0065] Thus, the energy storage unit balancing method of this application embodiment can accurately adjust the energy between each energy storage unit through each balancing unit, so that the energy between each energy storage unit is consistent, thereby improving the overall performance and safety of the energy storage module.

[0066] Based on the method described in the above embodiments, this application also provides an equalization device 200 for performing the steps in the above battery equalization method. Please refer to... Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equalization device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application. The equalization device 300 includes: The control module 201 is used to control the first switch circuit to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off when the voltage difference between each energy storage unit is greater than a preset voltage difference; it is also used to control the first switch circuit to be turned off and the second switch circuit to be turned on when the energy storage module is fully charged and discharged, so as to balance the voltage of each equalization unit; it is also used to control the first switch circuit to be turned on and the second switch circuit to be turned off when the voltage of each equalization unit is fully balanced, so as to balance the corresponding energy storage unit through the equalization unit.

[0067] It should be noted that the specific details of each module unit in the above-mentioned equalization device have been described in detail in the embodiments of the above-mentioned battery equalization method, and will not be repeated here.

[0068] In this application, the terms "module" or "unit" can be implemented, in whole or in part, using software, hardware (such as processing circuitry or memory), or a combination thereof. Similarly, a processor (or multiple processors or memory) can be used to implement one or more modules or units. Furthermore, each module or unit can be part of an overall module or unit that includes the functionality of that module or unit.

[0069] In some embodiments, the equalization device in this application can be implemented in hardware, such as a controller or a component in the controller, such as an integrated circuit or a chip; the equalization device can also be implemented in software, such as as an application installed in the controller.

[0070] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the controller provided in an embodiment of this application. The controller 300 includes a processor 301 and a memory 302. The memory 302 stores a computer program 303 that can run on the processor 301. When the processor 301 executes the program 303, it implements the various processes of the above-described battery balancing method embodiment and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0071] This application also provides an emergency jump starter, including a housing, an energy storage module, a connector, an output path, and the aforementioned equalization circuit. The housing includes at least a casing, the energy storage module is disposed inside the housing, the connector is connected to the energy storage module, the output path is detachably connected to the connector, and the output path is also used to electrically connect the connector and a car battery; the equalization circuit is used to electrically connect to the energy storage module.

[0072] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the emergency jump starter provided in this application embodiment. The emergency jump starter 400 includes a housing 410, an energy storage module 420, a connection port 430, an output path 440, and a balancing circuit 100. The housing 410 includes at least a shell 411. The energy storage module 420 is disposed inside the housing 410 (or shell 411), thus providing safety protection for the energy storage module 420 (such as mechanical protection, dust and water protection, electrical insulation, etc.). The connection port 430 connects to the energy storage module 420, and the output path 440 is detachably connected to the connection port 430. The output path 440 is also used to electrically connect the connection port 430 and the car battery, so that the energy storage module 420 supplies power to the car battery. The balancing circuit 100 is connected to the energy storage module 420 to balance the internal electrical energy of the energy storage module 420, extend the service life of the energy storage module 420, and improve the performance and safety of the energy storage module 420.

[0073] This application also provides a start-stop power supply, including a housing, an energy storage module, terminals, and the aforementioned equalization circuit. The housing includes at least a casing, and the energy storage module is disposed inside the housing; the terminals are disposed on one side of the housing and electrically connected to the energy storage module; the equalization circuit is used to electrically connect to the energy storage module.

[0074] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the emergency start-up power supply provided in this application embodiment. The start-stop power supply 500 includes a housing 510, an energy storage module 520, terminals 530, and an equalization circuit 100. The housing 510 includes at least a casing 511. The energy storage module 520 is disposed inside the housing 510 (or casing 511), thus providing safety protection for the energy storage module 520 (such as mechanical protection, dust and water protection, electrical insulation, etc.). The terminals 530 are disposed on one side of the housing 510 (such as the right side, left side, etc.). The terminals 530 are electrically connected to the energy storage module 520 so that the energy storage module 520 outputs electrical energy through the terminals 530. The equalization circuit 100 is connected to the energy storage module 520 to equalize the internal electrical energy of the energy storage module 520, extend the service life of the energy storage module 520, and improve the performance and safety of the energy storage module 520.

[0075] In some embodiments, this application may also provide an energy storage device; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage device provided in this application embodiment. The energy storage device 600 includes a housing 610, an energy storage module 620, and the aforementioned equalization circuit 100. The housing 610 includes at least a casing 611, the energy storage module 620 is disposed within the housing 610, and the equalization circuit 100 is used to electrically connect to the energy storage module 620. The energy storage device 600 may also include an electrical connection interface 630, which is disposed in the housing 610 and allows the user to connect to power or to an external power source to charge the energy storage module 620. The electrical connection interface 630 includes at least one or more of a USB interface, an AC socket, a DC interface, and a cigarette lighter socket, and is connected to the energy storage module 620 of the energy storage device 600. The energy storage device 600 also includes a lighting device 640, which includes at least one or more of an LED lamp, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a magnesium lamp, a xenon lamp, a high-pressure pump lamp, a high-pressure sodium lamp, and a halogen lamp, and is disposed in the housing 610 to provide illumination. Energy storage devices 600 may include portable energy storage power supplies, household energy storage power supplies, or outdoor energy storage power supplies.

[0076] In some embodiments, this application may also provide an electric tool; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power tool provided in this application embodiment. The power tool 700 includes a housing 710, an energy storage module 720, and the aforementioned equalization circuit 100. The housing 710 includes at least a shell 711, the energy storage module 720 is disposed within the housing 710, and the equalization circuit 100 is used to electrically connect to the energy storage module 720. The power tool 700 may also include an electrical connection interface 730, which is disposed in the housing 710 and allows the user to connect to power or connect to an external power source to charge the power tool 700. The electrical connection interface 730 includes at least one or more of a USB interface, an AC socket, a DC interface, and a cigarette lighter socket, and the electrical connection interface 730 is connected to the energy storage module 720 of the power tool 700. The power tool 700 also includes a lighting device 740, which includes at least one or more of an LED lamp, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a magnesium lamp, a xenon lamp, a high-pressure pump lamp, a high-pressure sodium lamp, and a halogen lamp. The lighting device 740 is disposed in the housing 711 and is capable of providing illumination. The power tool 700 may include an air pump, a blower, a vacuum cleaner, a car wash machine, an electric wrench, etc. For example, when the power tool 700 includes an air pump, it may also include an air pump and an air outlet, with the air pump connected to the energy storage module 720 and the air outlet.

[0077] This application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the various processes of the above-described battery balancing method embodiments and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0078] The processor can be the processor in the controller described in the above embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium can be a computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk, etc.

[0079] Computer-readable media can include computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented using any method or technology for storing information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media include RAM, ROM, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other solid-state storage technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape cassettes, magnetic tape, disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that computer storage media are not limited to the above-mentioned types.

[0080] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned battery balancing method. The processor may be the processor in the controller described in the above embodiments. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements various processes of the embodiments of the aforementioned battery balancing method and achieves the same technical effects; therefore, to avoid repetition, these will not be described again here.

[0081] It is understood that in the specific implementation of this application, data related to user identity or characteristics is involved. When the above embodiments of this application are applied to specific products or technologies, user permission or consent is required, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0082] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "some embodiments," "in one example," "exemplarily," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0083] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order according to the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0084] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An equalization circuit, characterized in that, include: An energy storage module, comprising N energy storage units connected in series, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1; The equalization module includes N equalization units, each of which corresponds to one of the energy storage units. Each equalization unit and its corresponding energy storage unit form a first power-on circuit, and the equalization units are connected in parallel to each other to form a second power-on circuit. The first switching circuit includes N first switching units, each of which corresponds to a first energizing circuit. Each first switching unit is located in the corresponding first energizing circuit. The first switching circuit is used to adjust the on / off state of the first energizing circuit. The second switching circuit includes N second switching units, each of which corresponds to a second energizing circuit. Each second switching unit is located in the corresponding second energizing circuit. The second switching circuit is used to adjust the on / off state of the second energizing circuit. A control module is connected to the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit respectively, and is used to control the first switch circuit and / or the second switch circuit to control the on / off state of the first energized circuit and the second energized circuit.

2. The equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switching circuit and the second switching circuit are interlocked.

3. The equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switching unit includes two first switching sub-units. The two first switching sub-units are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit of the corresponding first power-on circuit. The two first switching sub-units are also respectively connected to the two ends of the equalization unit of the corresponding first power-on circuit.

4. The equalization circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first switching circuit corresponding to the energy storage unit whose negative electrode is not connected to the positive electrode of the adjacent energy storage unit includes a first switching sub-unit connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit.

5. The equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second switching unit includes a second switching subunit and a third switching subunit. The first end of the second switching subunit and the first end of the third switching subunit are respectively connected to the two ends of the equalization unit of the corresponding second power-on circuit. The second ends of each second switching subunit are connected to each other, and the second ends of each third switching subunit are connected to each other.

6. The equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a first control port and a second control port, wherein the first control port is connected to the first switching circuit and the second control port is connected to the second switching circuit.

7. The equalization circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control module also includes a first control switch and a second control switch; The first control switch is connected to the first control port to control the on / off state of the first switch circuit; The second control switch is connected to the second control port to control the on / off state of the second switch circuit.

8. The equalization circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control module further includes a first voltage divider resistor, a second voltage divider resistor, a third voltage divider resistor, and a fourth voltage divider resistor. The second control switch includes a first control sub-switch and a second control sub-switch. The first voltage divider resistor, the second voltage divider resistor, and the first control sub-switch are connected in series. The third voltage divider resistor, the fourth voltage divider resistor, and the second control sub-switch are also connected in series.

9. The equalization circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second control sub-switch includes a first field-effect transistor, the gate of which is connected to the connection point of the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor, and the second control port is connected to the connection point of the third voltage divider resistor and the fourth voltage divider resistor.

10. The equalization circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first power-on circuit also includes a diode, a fifth voltage divider resistor, and a sixth voltage divider resistor. The fifth voltage divider resistor and the sixth voltage divider resistor are connected in series to the positive terminal of the corresponding energy storage unit and the anode of the diode. The cathode of the diode is connected to the control module. The first switching subunit includes a second field-effect transistor, and the gates of the two second field-effect transistors in the first power-on circuit are connected to the connection point of the fifth voltage divider resistor and the sixth voltage divider resistor.

11. The equalization circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second power-on circuit also includes a seventh voltage divider resistor, the second switching subunit includes a third field-effect transistor, and the third switching subunit includes a fourth field-effect transistor; One end of the seventh voltage divider resistor is connected to the source of the fourth field-effect transistor, and the other end is connected to the gates of the third and fourth field-effect transistors.

12. The equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage unit includes a rechargeable battery or a supercapacitor, wherein the rechargeable battery includes at least one of a sodium battery, a lithium battery, or a lead-acid battery.

13. An emergency start-up power supply, characterized in that, include: The housing, which includes at least a shell; An energy storage module, wherein the energy storage module is disposed within the outer casing; A connection port is provided, which is electrically connected to the energy storage module. An output path, which is detachably connected to the connector, is used to electrically connect the connector and the car battery; and The equalization circuit according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the equalization circuit is used to connect to the energy storage module.

14. A start-stop power supply, characterized in that, include: The housing, which includes at least a shell; An energy storage module, wherein the energy storage module is disposed within the outer casing; The electrode post is located on one side of the outer casing and is electrically connected to the energy storage module; and The equalization circuit according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the equalization circuit is used to connect to the energy storage module.

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