Electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting property

Abstract

The utility model belongs to motor technical field especially, it relates to a kind of electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics, including stator assembly, rotor assembly, charge exchange cylinder and frame assembly, positive and negative conductive sheet are alternately arranged on stator disc to form electric field, electrode sheet is arranged on rotor disc and is non-equidistant distribution and positive and negative interlaced arrangement along the circumferential direction, electrode sheet end is equipped with the trailing structure extending along the direction of rotation, for forming in the corona discharge zone to realize directional self-starting to enter charging area with delay, charge exchange cylinder side wall is provided with circumferential electrode and is electrically connected with stator electrode, while installing boss and installing groove structure for the positioning of stator disc and force plate are equipped on cylinder side wall, to ensure assembly accuracy and electric field uniformity, stator electrode is back in stator disc material rear formation composite dielectric layer to improve dielectric strength and motor output torque, overall structure is compact, assembly is simple, and drive is stable, realizes directional self-starting without external assistance and high-energy-efficiency electrostatic drive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of motor technology, and in particular relates to an electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] An electrostatic motor is a motor device that uses electrostatic force to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Its basic working principle is that the periodic electrostatic torque generated between the stator and rotor through the charging and discharging process of a capacitor drives the rotor to produce rotational motion. Compared with traditional electromagnetic motors based on electromagnetic induction, electrostatic motors have outstanding advantages such as simple structure, compact size, high energy conversion efficiency, no electromagnetic noise, and excellent performance under low-speed conditions. Therefore, they have high application potential in micro drives, precision instruments, and low-speed, light-load equipment, and have received widespread attention, especially in the fields of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), micro pumps, micro fans, and home appliance drives.

[0003] Current research and applications of electrostatic motors can be mainly divided into three categories: DC cylindrical structure, AC stacked structure, and brushless DC structure. DC cylindrical electrostatic motors achieve rotation of the rotor under the electrostatic force formed between electrodes by applying high-voltage DC current to a cylindrical stator. They feature simple control circuits, but due to the limited effective area of ​​the electrodes, the output torque per unit volume is low, making it difficult to meet high load requirements. AC stacked electrostatic motors achieve high space utilization and output torque by applying an alternating electric field between multiple layers of stators and the rotor to create continuous charge. However, they have complex structures, high manufacturing costs, and poor control circuit stability. Brushless DC electrostatic motors achieve charge switching through electronic commutators, avoiding losses and noise caused by mechanical friction. However, there is a response delay during charge switching, and the system control complexity is increased. Overall, while existing electrostatic motors exhibit unique advantages in specific application scenarios, they still have significant shortcomings in reliable starting, directional control, and structural compactness.

[0004] In the existing electrostatic motor technology system, passive charge-acquiring electrostatic motors have become a key research and application area due to their advantages of simple structure, clear control logic, and adaptability to various driving methods, as they eliminate the need for external charge injection devices. The basic working principle of this type of motor is that the rotor electrodes sequentially contact or enter the corona discharge region with the charge exchange electrodes during rotation, thereby achieving charge acquisition and release, allowing the rotor to rotate continuously under the influence of the stator electric field. However, the core technical problem faced by this type of motor in actual operation is the difficulty in self-starting. When the motor is stationary, the rotor electrodes have not yet acquired charge and cannot form an effective driving torque in the electrostatic field, resulting in the motor's inability to start automatically. Furthermore, due to the electrostatic induction between the rotor and the charge exchange electrodes, a significant electrostatic attraction force is formed in the stationary state. This attraction force is difficult to overcome without motion inertia, easily causing the rotor to lock in a stationary position, forming a so-called electrostatic lock-up phenomenon, further hindering the motor's starting performance.

[0005] In most traditional electrostatic motors, the spacing between the rotor electrodes and charge exchange electrodes is small to ensure sufficient charging and discharging efficiency during rotation. However, this structural feature also makes the rotor electrodes highly susceptible to electrostatic attraction when the motor is stopped, making it difficult to start. This is especially true when the electrodes are equidistantly spaced; at certain rotor angular positions, the charge exchange electrodes may not be effectively contacted or sensed, resulting in a significant starting dead point. When the rotor is at these dead points, the electrostatic field cannot apply effective torque, and the motor cannot overcome static friction and attraction forces, leading to starting failure. This problem is particularly prominent in passive charge-acquiring electrostatic motors. Furthermore, because the phase relationship between the charge exchange electrode layout and the rotor electrodes is fixed, the charge exchange process may not be synchronized when the rotor is in a non-ideal position. This results in an unstable charge distribution on the rotor during startup, causing problems such as random direction, insufficient torque, or repeated oscillations during startup, preventing stable directional rotation.

[0006] To address the difficulty of self-starting, various improvement schemes have been proposed in existing technologies. For example, an auxiliary starting mechanism is installed outside the motor to drive the rotor to obtain an initial angular velocity before entering a stable electrostatic drive phase. However, such schemes significantly increase system complexity and maintenance costs, contradicting the design principles of lightweight and simplified structures for electrostatic motors. Other schemes improve starting performance to some extent by optimizing electrode shape, adjusting the distance between the rotor and stator, or using asymmetrical electrode layouts to reduce electrostatic attraction. However, these methods often sacrifice the motor's output torque, energy conversion efficiency, or manufacturing precision, and the improvement is limited, failing to fundamentally eliminate the starting dead zone. Some studies have introduced multi-layer stacked electrode structures or added pulse voltages to the control circuit to trigger starting. However, these schemes require high-voltage pulse power supplies and complex commutation logic, leading to increased energy consumption, increased control circuit complexity, and decreased long-term operational stability.

[0007] Therefore, how to achieve reliable dead-zone-free directional self-starting while maintaining the advantages of electrostatic motors such as simple structure, low power consumption and high efficiency has become a key problem that urgently needs to be solved in the current development of electrostatic motor technology. Utility Model Content

[0008] This utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems of existing electrostatic motors, such as difficulty in self-starting, random starting direction, electrostatic adsorption lock-up, and large structural volume. It discloses an electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics. Through the coordinated design of non-equidistant electrode distribution, trailing structure, back-mounted stator electrodes, and compact wiring structure, the motor achieves automatic starting and directional rotation at any stationary angle. It significantly eliminates the electrostatic balance dead zone, compresses the longitudinal dimension, and improves the dielectric strength and output torque, thereby enabling the electrostatic motor to have comprehensive performance of high energy efficiency, self-starting capability, and compact structure.

[0009] This utility model provides an electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics, comprising: A stator assembly includes at least one stator disk, on which stator electrodes, comprising alternating negative and positive conductive plates, are disposed to generate an electric field when an external power source is connected. A rotor assembly includes a rotor disk and a rotating shaft. Several electrode plates are arranged on the front and back sides of the rotor disk. The electrode plates on the front side of the rotor disk and / or the electrode plates on the back side of the rotor disk are arranged in a non-equidistant manner on the rotor disk. The rotating shaft is connected to the rotor disk and rotates together with it. A charge exchange cylinder is arranged on the outer circumference of the stator disk, including a cylinder sidewall. Multiple circumferential electrodes are arranged longitudinally on the cylinder sidewall. The circumferential electrodes are electrically connected to the negative and positive conductive plates on the stator disk and can provide charge to the electrode plates on the rotor disk when the motor is running. The frame assembly supports the rotor assembly, stator assembly, and charge exchange cylinder, and is connected to the shaft via bearings.

[0010] In some examples of this application, the electrode plates on the front side of the rotor disk and the electrode plates on the back side of the rotor disk are arranged in an alternating pattern along the circumferential direction in the projection direction with the center of the rotor disk as the reference.

[0011] In some examples of this application, the circumferential angle between two adjacent electrode plates deviates from the equidistant angle by -15° to 15°. This deviation can change continuously according to an increasing or decreasing pattern. The staggered angle between the positive and negative electrode plates of the rotor disk is 5° to 30°.

[0012] In some examples of this application, a trailing structure is provided on each electrode plate on the rotor disk near the outer edge of the charge exchange cylinder. The trailing structure is used for the rotor disk to enter the charge exchange region after the electrode plate body during operation, so as to delay contact with the charge region during the electrode polarity conversion stage.

[0013] In some examples of this application, the trailing structure extends along the rear side of a set rotation direction to form an asymmetrical electrode shape, and the length of the trailing structure is 10% to 30% of the length of the electrode sheet.

[0014] In some examples of this application, the stator assembly includes two layers of stator disks, namely a top stator disk and a bottom stator disk. The top stator disk and the bottom stator disk sandwich the rotor disk to form a stacked structure, and the stator electrodes of the top stator disk and the bottom stator disk have the same polarity at the same angular position and are arranged in a mirror symmetrical manner.

[0015] In some examples of this application, the stator electrodes on the stator disk are disposed on the back away from the rotor disk, such that the body material of the stator disk forms a dielectric layer between the stator electrodes and the rotor electrodes.

[0016] In some examples of this application, the stator disk includes a second plate, the stator electrode extends radially along the second plate, the end of the stator electrode away from the center of the stator disk is provided with an electrode groove, the electrode groove is in contact with the circumferential electrode of the charge exchange cylinder, and the end electrode groove of the stator electrode is coated with conductive paint.

[0017] In some examples of this application, a positive electrode ring and a negative electrode ring are respectively provided on the top and bottom stator disks of the stator assembly. The positive electrode ring is electrically connected to the positive conductive plate on the corresponding stator disk, and the negative electrode ring is electrically connected to the negative conductive plate on the corresponding stator disk. The positive electrode ring is connected to the positive terminal of the power interface through a positive terminal, and the negative electrode ring is connected to the negative terminal of the power interface through a negative terminal. The positive electrode ring and the negative electrode ring are arranged in concentric circles and radially staggered on the projection of the stator disk.

[0018] In some examples of this application, the frame assembly includes at least two load-bearing plates disposed at the upper and lower ends of the charge exchange cylinder. The two ends of the cylinder sidewall are provided with first mounting bosses for positioning the load-bearing plates along the axial direction, and a plurality of mounting grooves are provided in the circumferential direction of the cylinder sidewall. The mounting grooves cooperate with the second mounting bosses on the outer edge of the stator disk. The first mounting bosses are detachably engaged with the load-bearing plates, and the mounting grooves are detachably engaged with the second mounting bosses of the stator disk.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in this utility model has the following advantages: 1. This application overcomes the electrostatic force balance and start-up dead point problems caused by the symmetrical distribution of electrodes in traditional electrostatic motors by adopting an electrode structure with non-equidistant distribution and alternating front and back sides on the rotor disk. When the rotor is at any angle, at least some electrodes are always located in the corona drive zone, which can continuously obtain effective electrostatic drive torque, thereby achieving automatic start-up without external assistance and solving the problems of electrostatic lock-up and directional uncertainty. At the same time, by setting a trailing structure offset along the rotation direction at the end of the electrode plate, the motor forms a direction-selective charge distribution in the early stage of start-up, generating directional drive torque and realizing directional self-starting. This design does not require additional control circuits or mechanical boosting devices, maintains the lightweight and simple structure of electrostatic motors, significantly improves start-up reliability and response sensitivity, and achieves stable and continuous electrostatic drive output while maintaining low power consumption operation.

[0020] 2. This application utilizes the high dielectric constant and insulation strength of the material to make full use of the stator electrode back-mounted and form a composite dielectric layer made of stator disk material between it and the rotor electrode, thereby significantly improving the motor's operating voltage and electrostatic force output. This enhances the driving capability without increasing the structural height. At the same time, this design effectively suppresses the discharge risk caused by direct electrode exposure and improves the motor's operating safety and stability under high voltage conditions.

[0021] 3. This application simplifies the external wiring structure and reduces the longitudinal insulation spacing requirements by integrating the positive and negative pole rings on the stator disk and arranging them radially staggered. This significantly reduces the overall height of the motor, achieving a compact and modular design that facilitates installation and use in space-constrained environments. At the same time, this integrated layout maintains a uniform electric field distribution, avoids longitudinal electric field interference between pole rings, and ensures rotor force balance and smooth operation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a side view of the electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a perspective structural diagram of the electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection between the stator disk and the charge exchange cylinder in the electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of the charge exchange cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a front view of the rotor disk described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse side structure of the rotor disk described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the projected structure of the front and back electrode plates on the rotor disk according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the stator disk structure connected to the positive pole in the electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the stator disk structure connected to the negative pole in the electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the distance between the rotor electrode and the stator electrode in the electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in this embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the distance between the rotor electrode and the stator electrode on the front and back electrode sheets of this utility model embodiment. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the charge exchange device. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an equidistant rotor disk; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the equidistant stator disk; The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Load-bearing plate; 2. Charge exchange cylinder; 201. Cylinder sidewall; 202. First mounting boss; 203. Mounting groove; 204. Circumferential electrode; 3. Rotating shaft; 4. Bearing; 5. Positive power interface; 6. Negative power interface; 7. Rotor disc; 701. First plate; 702. First connecting hole; 703. Positioning hole; 8. Top stator disc; 9. Bottom stator disc; 10. Stator disc; 1001. Second plate; 1002 1003. Second mounting boss; 11. Electrode groove; 12. Negative conductive plate; 13. Positive conductive plate; 14. Electrode plate; 15. Trailing structure; 16. Positive ring; 17. Negative ring; 18. Negative terminal; 2a. Charge exchange device; 2b. Positive electrode exchanger; 2c. Negative electrode exchanger; 2d. Positive electrode exchanger ring; 2e. Negative electrode exchanger ring; 7a. Equally spaced rotor disk; 10a. Equally spaced stator disk. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] It should be noted that all directional and positional terms used in this utility model, such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "top," "lower," "lateral," "longitudinal," and "center," are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and connection arrangements between components in a specific state (as shown in the accompanying drawings). They are merely for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not require that this utility model be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., in this utility model are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0027] Regarding the problem of difficulty in self-starting electrostatic motors, the applicant has previously disclosed an electrostatic motor structure, such as... Figures 12 to 14 As shown, the motor includes a charge exchange device 2a. Several positive electrode 2b and negative electrode 2c are alternately arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the charge exchange device 2a. The positive electrode 2b is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply through a positive electrode 2d, and the negative electrode 2c is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply through a negative electrode 2e. Through the tail structure at the end of the rotor electrode, the motor can achieve directional self-starting at most angular positions, thereby improving the self-starting performance of traditional electrostatic motors to a certain extent.

[0028] However, practical verification has revealed that this scheme still has certain technical limitations in terms of electrode arrangement and spatial design: Firstly, both the stator electrodes and rotor electrodes are arranged at equal intervals and correspond one-to-one with the exchange electrodes inside the charge exchange device 2a. When a rotor electrode is located directly below the stator electrode, it is also directly facing the corresponding exchange electrode inside the charge exchange device 2a, causing all rotor electrodes to be in the corona discharge zone at the same time. Due to the small electrode spacing, significant radial electrostatic adsorption force is generated between the electrodes, resulting in a strong electric field adsorption resistance during the rotor's start-up phase. At this time, the horizontal component of the electric field force on the rotor is extremely small, making it difficult to overcome the adsorption barrier and achieve rotation. This causes the motor to have fixed start-up dead zones at multiple angular positions, the number of which corresponds to the number of rotor electrodes, thus affecting the reliability and directionality of self-starting. Secondly, in order to avoid high-voltage breakdown between the inner electrode of the charge exchange device 2a and the positive and negative electrode exchange rings, a large insulation safety distance must be maintained between them. Under an operating voltage of about 4kV, this distance usually needs to reach more than 5mm, which increases the longitudinal structural height of the motor by at least about 12mm, resulting in low overall space utilization and poor structural compactness, thus limiting its application in installation space-constrained scenarios.

[0029] In summary, although the aforementioned technical solutions have certain advantages in terms of silent operation and directional self-starting, they still have a dead zone position consistent with the number of rotor electrodes, such as... Figure 13 Thirty electrodes are arranged in the intermediate-pitch rotor disk 7a. Figure 14The medium-pitch stator disk 10a has 30 conductive plates, which will create 30 dead zones, thus bringing greater uncertainty to the application of the motor.

[0030] Therefore, based on the above scheme, the applicant further improved the electrode layout, electric field action path and spatial structure coordination to achieve a dead-zone-free directional self-starting and highly compact electrostatic drive structure.

[0031] like Figures 1-11 As shown, this application discloses an electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics, comprising: The stator assembly includes at least one stator disk 10, on which stator electrodes, including alternating negative conductive plates 11 and positive conductive plates 12, are disposed to form an electric field when an external power source is connected. The rotor assembly includes a rotor disk 7 and a rotating shaft 3. A plurality of electrode plates 13 are arranged on the front and back sides of the rotor disk 7. The electrode plates 13 on the front side of the rotor disk 7 and / or the electrode plates 13 on the back side of the rotor disk 7 are arranged in a non-equidistant manner on the rotor disk 7. The rotating shaft 3 is connected to the rotor disk 7 and rotates together with it. The charge exchange cylinder 2 is arranged on the outer circumference of the stator disk 10, including a cylinder side wall 201. Multiple circumferential electrodes 204 are arranged longitudinally on the cylinder side wall 201. The circumferential electrodes 204 are electrically connected to the negative electrode conductive sheet 11 and the positive electrode conductive sheet 12 on the stator disk 10, and can provide charge to the electrode sheet 13 on the rotor disk 7 when the motor is running. The frame assembly supports the rotor assembly, stator assembly and charge exchange cylinder 2, and is connected to the shaft 3 via bearing 4.

[0032] The electrostatic motor disclosed in this application, possessing dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics, achieves dead-zone-free self-starting characteristics that are difficult to achieve in traditional electrostatic motors through the coordinated configuration of the stator assembly, rotor assembly, charge exchange cylinder 2, and frame assembly. When an external power source is connected, the alternating positive and negative conductive plates on the stator disk 10 form a stable alternating electric field distribution. The circumferential electrodes on the side wall of the charge exchange cylinder 2, which is electrically connected to the stator disk 10, are simultaneously excited and generate a corona region, forming a charge exchange region outside the cylinder wall. The rotor disk 7 adopts a non-equidistant electrode plate 13 structure design, ensuring that at any angle position, some electrode plates 13 are always within the effective driving area, thereby avoiding the "dead zone" phenomenon where all electrode plates are simultaneously located in a symmetrical electric field and forming electrostatic force balance. Under the action of electrostatic attraction, the rotor disk 7 begins to... The deflection process causes the non-equidistantly arranged electrode plates 13 to gradually enter the corona region and exchange charges with the circumferential electrode 204. The charged electrode plates 13 are driven by electrostatic force in the alternating electric field generated by the stator disk 10. Due to the non-equidistant arrangement, different electrode plates experience different torques, resulting in a net torque that drives the rotor disk 7 to rotate. As the rotation continues, the electrode plates 13 of the rotor disk 7 continuously enter and leave the corona region, forming a periodic charge exchange cycle, enabling the rotor disk 7 to obtain continuous driving force and maintain rotation. During this process, the cooperation between the bearing 4 and the shaft 3 minimizes rotational friction, keeping the motor running stably with low energy consumption. The entire system forms a self-excited drive mechanism through the dynamic process of electrostatic attraction, asymmetric force, and charge redistribution, achieving dead-zone-free directional self-starting.

[0033] The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in this application introduces a composite structure of non-equidistant rotor electrode plates 13 and annular charge exchange cylinder 2 into the electrostatic motor. This enables the motor to have an unbalanced electric field driving force at any stationary angle, breaking through the technical bottleneck of traditional electrostatic motors that are prone to falling into electric symmetry balance and unable to start. It realizes the self-excitation conversion process from static to dynamic, enabling the motor to start quickly and continuously output torque without external force assistance. It has the advantages of compact structure, sensitive response, reliable starting and continuous drive, and achieves true dead-zone-free directional self-starting.

[0034] As a preferred example of this application, the electrode plates 13 on the front side and the electrode plates 13 on the back side of the rotor disk 7 are arranged in an alternating pattern along the circumferential direction in the projection direction with the center of the rotor disk 7 as the reference. In the example of this application, by introducing the design of alternating arrangement of the front and back electrode plates 13 into the structure of the rotor disk 7, the front electrode plates and the back electrode plates of the rotor disk 7 achieve circumferential complementary coverage in the projection direction, forming an electrode distribution pattern without overlap or gaps. Specifically, the projection area of ​​the front electrode sheet avoids the projection range of the back electrode sheet, and the gap between the front electrode sheets is exactly covered by the projection of the back electrode sheet, while the gap between the back electrode sheets is also filled by the projection of the front electrode sheet. This achieves a complementary layout of "front filling the gap of back and back filling the gap of front". This staggered electrode sheet arrangement achieves spatial complementarity of the electrode coverage area without increasing the number or complexity of electrodes. It not only improves the coverage density of electrodes in the circumferential direction, but also eliminates the problem of "no effective driving area" that occurs in traditional single-sided electrode structures at certain angles, making the electric field distribution more continuous and the driving force more uniform.

[0035] As a preferred example of this application, the circumferential angle between two adjacent electrode plates 13 deviates from the equidistant angle by 0° to 15°. This application designs the electrode plates 13 on the rotor disk 7 with a non-equidistant distribution within the range of 0° to 15° along the circumference, ensuring that the angle between each electrode plate 13 and its adjacent plate has a slight deviation from the theoretical equidistant angle. This deviation can continuously change according to an increasing or decreasing pattern, thereby breaking the angular symmetry between the electrode plates 13 in space and preventing all electrodes from being simultaneously in a critical position of force balance or adsorption superposition. This design does not require increasing the number of electrodes or changing the electrode size; simply by adjusting the angle distribution and staggered relationship, it can significantly improve the electric field coverage density and force continuity, thereby ensuring that at least some electrodes of the rotor disk are located in the effective driving force region at any stationary angle, achieving smooth start-up and continuous rotation without "dead spots." Simultaneously, the non-equidistant and staggered arrangement can structurally adaptively eliminate the hindering effect caused by the superposition of electrostatic adsorption peaks, allowing the rotor to overcome static friction without additional assistance during the start-up phase, achieving self-excited drive. Preferably, the electrode plates 13 on the same side of the rotor disk 7 are distributed circumferentially with a non-equidistant distribution within a range of ±5° of equidistant angle, and the staggered angle of the electrode plates 13 on the front and back sides of the rotor disk 7 is 5° to 30°.

[0036] As a preferred example of this application, a trailing structure 14 is provided on each electrode plate 13 near the outer edge of the charge exchange cylinder 2 on the rotor disk 7. The trailing structure 14 is used for the rotor disk 7 to enter the charge exchange region after the main body of the electrode plate 13 during operation, so as to delay contact with the charge region during the electrode polarity conversion stage, thereby ensuring that the rotor disk 7 rotates in a set direction. In the example of this application, by providing a trailing structure 14 at the end of each electrode plate 13 near the outer edge of the charge exchange cylinder 2, the directional self-starting and stable rotation function of the electrostatic motor is realized. The shape and size of the trailing structure 14 are not limited, and it can be an extended plate, a bent plate, or other forms that conform to the electric field distribution characteristics. Its core is that the trailing structure is offset towards the set rotation direction, so that during the startup stage of the rotor disk 7, it enters the charge region of the circumferential electrode of the charge exchange cylinder 2 later than the main body of the electrode plate and delays the adsorption of charge. When the motor is stationary or at low speed, a direction-selective charge distribution can be formed, so that the electrode plate 13 obtains an asymmetric electric field force, thereby generating a guiding torque to cause the rotor disk 7 to rotate in the set direction. When the trailing structure 14 is energized, it provides initial driving force before the electrode plate body enters the charge region. If the rotor disk is subjected to a small disturbance and tends to rotate in the opposite direction, the trailing structure 14 will generate an electrostatic torque opposite to the rotation trend under the action of the stator disk 10 electric field, which will hinder the reverse motion. Conversely, when the rotor disk 7 rotates in the set direction, the energized trailing structure 14 and the stator disk 10 electric field will generate a forward torque, which will push the electrode plate body further into the charge region, forming a continuous driving force chain. This solves the problem of direction uncertainty caused by the symmetrical force on the electrodes in the initial stage of traditional electrostatic motor startup. In addition, the trailing structure 14 is located on the outer edge of the electrode plate 13, which can extend the interaction time with the charge region while maintaining lightweight, improve charge retention, and ensure that the rotor disk obtains continuous electrostatic driving force. Furthermore, this structure is compatible with the non-equidistant arrangement and alternating front and back design of the electrode plate 13. The three work together to enable the motor to start at any initial angle, and there is no dead zone caused by electrode symmetry or charge neutrality.

[0037] As a preferred example of this application, the trailing structure 14 extends along one side of the set rotation direction to form an asymmetrical electrode shape, and the length of the trailing structure 14 is 10% to 30% of the length of the electrode sheet 13. In the example of this application, by setting a trailing structure with a length of 10% to 30% of the length of the electrode sheet 13 along one side of the rotor disk 7 electrode sheet 13 along the rotation direction, an asymmetrical electrode sheet shape with directional bias is formed. While ensuring that the trailing structure is sufficient to delay entering the corona region and adsorbing charges, the electric field interference is effectively suppressed by limiting the length ratio, so that the electrode sheet can establish a significant charge polarity difference in the early stage of startup, providing an initial torque source for directional rotation.

[0038] As a specific example of this application, the rotor disk 7 includes a first plate 701, the electrode sheet 13 is arranged along the radial direction of the first plate 701, and the trailing structure 14 is biased towards the circumferential direction of the rotor disk 7 along the extension direction of the electrode sheet 13, and the biasing direction of the plurality of trailing structures 14 is consistent. In the example of this application, a trailing structure 14 is provided at the end of the electrode sheet 13 of the rotor disk 7. The end of the electrode sheet 13 is on the side away from the first connecting hole 702 at the center of the first plate 701. The trailing structure 14 no longer extends in a straight line along the extension direction of the electrode sheet 13, but is uniformly biased towards the circumferential direction of the rotor disk 7, and the end of the trailing structure 14 is flush with the outer edge of the first plate 701. Therefore, when the motor is running, when the electrode sheet 13 is subjected to the electric field force from the stator disk 10, the trailing structure 14... The tail structure 14 enters the corona region of the charge exchange cylinder 2 later than the main body of the electrode sheet 13, thus avoiding electric field resistance caused by the leading electrode and adjacent electrodes having the same polarity during the electrode polarity switching stage. This ensures that the rotor can rotate smoothly in the forward direction, achieving a stable, dead-zone-free directional self-starting effect. Simultaneously, since the offset direction of the tail structure 14 of all electrode sheets 13 is consistent, the force direction is prevented from being dispersed or canceled out, ensuring that the entire rotor disk 7 maintains a high degree of consistency and directionality in the electric field, thereby achieving continuous and stable rotation of the rotor disk 7. In some examples of this application, a first connecting hole 702 for connecting the shaft 3 is provided at the center of the second plate 1001, and a positioning hole 703 for positioning and installation is also provided on the second plate 1001.

[0039] As a preferred example of this application, the stator assembly includes two layers of stator disks 10, namely a top stator disk 8 and a bottom stator disk 9. The top stator disk 8 and the bottom stator disk 9 sandwich the rotor disk 7 to form a stacked structure, and the stator electrodes of the top stator disk 8 and the bottom stator disk 9 have the same polarity at the same angular position and are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner. In the example of this application, by adopting a stacked design of two layers of stator disks in the stator assembly, the rotor disk 7 is sandwiched in the middle to form a stable vertically symmetrical structure. The stator electrodes of the top stator disk 8 and the bottom stator disk 9 have the same polarity at the same angle and are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner, thereby constructing a symmetrical electrostatic drive environment with a balanced electric field distribution in the vertical direction. The key design element of this structure lies in the symmetrical and homopolar double-layer stator layout, which creates a bidirectional synergistic electrostatic field. This ensures that the electrode plates 13 on both the upper and lower surfaces of the rotor disk 7 are simultaneously subjected to electrostatic attraction or repulsion forces in the same direction during rotation. This avoids the uneven force distribution or reverse interference caused by the traditional single-layer stator disk 10 acting only on one side of the rotor, guaranteeing the consistency of the electric field direction and the continuity of torque transmission. The mirrored arrangement of the stator electrodes ensures a strict match between the top and bottom electric field distributions, creating a symmetrical enclosure effect of electric field lines on both sides of the rotor disk 7. This reduces torque fluctuations caused by edge electric field distortion and simultaneously expands... The increased effective electric field range allows both the positive and negative electrode plates of the rotor disk 7 to be fully stressed, improving overall drive efficiency. The stacked structure sandwiched between the upper and lower parts also enables the motor to achieve efficient electric field superposition in the longitudinal space, enhancing electrostatic drive torque without increasing the motor diameter. At the same time, this vertical stacking not only improves the response sensitivity during the start-up phase but also maintains a stable electric field environment during rotor operation, thereby reducing vibration and energy loss. Ultimately, it achieves a comprehensive technical effect of faster motor start-up, more stable operation, and stronger output, making it particularly suitable for electrostatic drive scenarios with high precision, high load, and long-cycle stable operation.

[0040] As a preferred example of this application, the stator electrode on the stator disk 10 is disposed on the back away from the rotor disk 7, so that the body material of the stator disk 10 forms a dielectric layer between the stator electrode and the rotor electrode. In the example of this application, a back-mounted stator electrode design is adopted on the stator structure. That is, the alternating negative electrode conductive plates 11 and positive electrode conductive plates 12 on the stator disk 10 are placed on the side away from the rotor disk 7, instead of the front structure directly facing the rotor in the traditional scheme. This makes the body material of the second plate 1001 in the stator disk 10 naturally located between the stator electrode (negative electrode conductive plate 11 and positive electrode conductive plate 12) and the rotor electrode (electrode plate 13), thereby forming a stable and uniform dielectric layer. This design makes full use of the insulation properties and high dielectric constant of the stator disk material itself, and achieves a significant improvement in the dielectric strength of the system without adding an additional structure. After the stator electrode is back-mounted, the space between the electrode and the rotor electrode is no longer a simple air medium, but a composite dielectric environment composed of the stator disk material and air. The overall dielectric constant of this environment is higher than that of pure air medium, which can significantly enhance the electrostatic induction capability without changing the height, thereby increasing the electrostatic force and torque output. In some examples of this application, the distance between the rotor electrode and the stator electrode is approximately 1 mm, while the thickness of the stator disk 10 is approximately 0.5 mm. The material of the stator disk 10 has a higher dielectric strength (i.e., insulation) and dielectric constant (air is 1, while materials such as plastics are approximately 3) than air. Therefore, the composite gap composed of the stator disk material and the air gap has higher insulation performance and dielectric constant than pure air, thereby effectively improving the motor's operating voltage (from 3.5~4.2kV to 3.5~6kV with the same height) and electrostatic force. Furthermore, this design effectively prevents the stator electrode surface from being directly exposed to the corona region, thus reducing the risk of discharge and improving the insulation safety and stability of the motor during operation. Simultaneously, it avoids breakdown caused by excessively small electrode spacing, expanding the safe operating voltage range of the motor and enabling it to operate at higher voltages without structural damage.

[0041] As a preferred example of this application, the stator disk 10 includes a second plate 1001, and the stator electrode extends radially along the second plate 1001. An electrode groove 1003 is provided at the end of the stator electrode away from the center of the stator disk 10, and the electrode groove 1003 is in contact with the circumferential electrode 204 of the charge exchange cylinder 2. In this example, the conductive connection structure between the stator electrode and the charge exchange cylinder 2 has been specifically optimized. By providing an electrode groove 1003 at the end of the stator electrode extending radially along the second plate 1001 on the stator disk 10, the stator electrode can form a tighter contact with the circumferential electrode 204 of the charge exchange cylinder 2 at the end away from the center of the disk. The shape of the electrode groove 1003 matches the surface structure of the circumferential electrode 204, enabling a semi-embedded fit. This effectively eliminates gaps or misalignments that may occur under traditional planar docking methods, significantly increasing the actual contact area, thereby reducing contact resistance and improving charge transfer efficiency. Preferably, the circumferential electrodes 204 are disposed on the side wall 201 of the cylinder and arranged in an elongated strip along the axial direction. The number of circumferential electrodes 204 is consistent with the total number of negative conductive plates 11 and positive conductive plates 12 on the stator disk 10, and they are electrically connected in a one-to-one correspondence. Preferably, the second plate 1011 of the stator disk 10 is also provided with a clearance hole for avoiding the rotating shaft 3.

[0042] As a preferred example of this application, the end electrode groove 1003 of the stator electrode is coated with conductive paint. Under long-term operating conditions, the contact area of ​​the stator electrode is easily affected by oxidation, dust, or mechanical wear, leading to a decrease in conductivity. Therefore, coating the contact surface between the electrode groove 1003 and the circumferential electrode 204 with conductive paint can further enhance the electrical contact stability. The conductive paint can fill in minor surface unevenness, providing a uniform electrical contact interface and preventing the occurrence of micro-gap arcs or charge loss. This structural improvement achieves efficient charge transfer without changing the overall arrangement and insulation structure of the stator electrode. It is compatible with the back-mounted stator electrode design and can be used in conjunction with the stacked structure of the double-layer stator clamping the rotor. It does not increase the motor volume or disrupt the assembly balance, while ensuring assembly accuracy and operational stability. This makes the charge transfer process from the stator to the charge exchange cylinder more reliable and continuous, providing stable potential support for the motor to achieve directional self-starting.

[0043] As a preferred example of this application, a positive electrode ring 15 and a negative electrode ring 17 are respectively provided on the top stator disk 8 and the bottom stator disk 9 of the stator assembly. The positive electrode ring 15 is electrically connected to the positive electrode conductive plate 12 on the corresponding stator disk, and the negative electrode ring 17 is electrically connected to the negative electrode conductive plate 11 on the corresponding stator disk. The positive electrode ring 15 is connected to the positive terminal 5 of the power interface through the positive terminal 16, and the negative electrode ring 17 is connected to the negative terminal 6 of the power interface through the negative terminal 18. In the example of this application, to address the problems of complex longitudinal structure, electric field interference, and bulky wiring of electrostatic motors, this application transfers the positive electrode ring 15 and negative electrode ring 17 from the traditional independent support or external structure to the top stator disk 8 and bottom stator disk 9, so that the stator assembly has both conductivity and power output functions. When the power is connected, the positive electrode ring 15 and negative electrode ring 17 establish a path with the positive and negative terminals of the power interface through the corresponding wiring terminals, respectively. The positive electrode conductive plate 12 of the top stator disk 8 and the negative electrode conductive plate 11 of the bottom stator disk 9 then obtain a stable potential, thereby forming a superimposed electric field between the two stator disks. The conductive plates inside the stator disk that are not directly connected to electricity achieve potential transfer through the circumferential electrode 204 of the charge exchange cylinder 2. When the circumferential electrode 204 is charged under the action of the electric field, the charge propagates along its path to the other stator disk, so that the electrodes of the two stator disks form a complete charge distribution system as a whole. This design effectively reduces the insulation gap requirements between electrode layers, compressing the overall longitudinal dimension from the traditional 17mm to approximately 4.5mm, significantly improving structural compactness and space utilization. Furthermore, the external wiring structure is simplified, retaining only two power ports: positive power interface 5 and negative power interface 6, which are connected to the corresponding pole rings on the stator disk via positive terminal 16 and negative terminal 18, respectively. This avoids the complex and interference-prone problems associated with traditional multi-point power supply wiring. This design not only optimizes spatial layout and installation convenience but also reduces the number of power cables, lowers the risk of wiring errors and insulation breakdown, maintains the electric field uniformity of the stator disk and rotor force balance, ensuring the entire unit has excellent directional self-starting and continuous operation performance.

[0044] As a preferred example of this application, the positive electrode ring 15 and the negative electrode ring 17 are arranged in concentric circles and radially offset on the projection of the stator disk. In the example of this application, by arranging the positive electrode ring 15 and the negative electrode ring 17 of the top stator disk 8 and the bottom stator disk 9 radially offset, instead of adopting a coaxial facing layout, the complete overlap of potentials in the longitudinal direction can be effectively broken, avoiding the formation of a strong electrostatic field that penetrates vertically between the positive and negative electrode rings. This eliminates the binding effect of longitudinal electrostatic adsorption force on the rotor disk 7, allowing the rotor disk 7 to freely respond to the electric field torque and achieve self-starting at the moment of energization. At the same time, since the potential distribution of the electrode rings no longer coincides longitudinally, the electric field lines are redistributed in space and tend to disperse, resulting in a significant reduction in longitudinal electric field strength and an enhancement of lateral driving force, which helps to improve the directionality of the force on the rotor disk 7 and the rotational stability. This structural improvement requires no additional isolation layer or guide components. The electric field distribution can be optimized simply by adjusting the relative position of the ring electrodes. It does not increase the size of the motor, nor does it affect the conductive connection path between the stator disk and the charge exchange cylinder. Thus, while maintaining a compact structure and simplified assembly, it improves the motor's starting reliability and operational flexibility.

[0045] As a preferred example of this application, a trailing structure 14 is provided at the outer end of the stator electrode on the stator disk 10 near the charge exchange cylinder 2, and the direction of the trailing structure 14 of the stator electrode is consistent with the direction of the trailing structure 14 of the electrode plate 13 on the rotor disk 7. In this example, by providing a trailing structure 14 on the outer edge of the stator electrode that is consistent with the direction of the rotor trailing structure, the short-term negative work phenomenon caused by the reverse action of the electric field at the moment of polarity reversal of the rotor electrode in the traditional structure is effectively avoided. By guiding the electric field lines to extend continuously in the same direction through the consistency of the trailing directions of the stator and rotor, the charge transfer and electrostatic force interaction process is smoother, thereby significantly reducing energy loss and improving the stability of the rotational driving force. In addition, this structure has high flexibility. The stator electrode can choose whether to provide a trailing structure according to different design and application scenarios. The trailing shape can also take various forms such as arc, trapezoid, or pointed. As long as it is consistent with the trailing direction of the rotor disk electrode, the same electric field synergy effect can be achieved. For precision applications requiring high energy efficiency and high start-up response, stator electrodes with tail structures can be selected to maximize energy transfer efficiency; while for simplified or cost-sensitive applications, electrode designs without tails can be used, while still maintaining electric field uniformity and structural compatibility, without affecting the overall electric field distribution and stable operation of the motor.

[0046] As a preferred example of this application, the frame assembly includes at least two load-bearing plates 1 disposed at the upper and lower ends of the charge exchange cylinder 2. The cylinder sidewall 201 of the charge exchange cylinder 2 is provided with first mounting bosses 202 for positioning the load-bearing plates 1 along the axial direction at both ends, and a plurality of mounting grooves 203 are provided in the circumferential direction of the cylinder sidewall. The mounting grooves 203 cooperate with the second mounting bosses 1002 on the outer edge of the stator disk 10. The first mounting bosses 202 are detachably engaged with the load-bearing plates 1, and the mounting grooves 203 are detachably engaged with the second mounting bosses 1002 of the stator disk 10. In the example of this application, by providing a first mounting boss 202 for positioning the load-bearing plate 1 and a mounting groove 203 for positioning the stator plate 10 on the side wall of the charge exchange cylinder 2, the installation of the stator plate 10 and the load-bearing plate 1 is made high-precision, fast and modular, making the maintenance, cleaning and replacement operations of the equipment more convenient. At the same time, since the structural components are all mechanically limited and matched, there is no need to adjust the electrical connection position, so that the motor can maintain accurate geometric relationship and electrical performance consistency after multiple loading and unloading. This not only improves the assembly repeatability accuracy, but also reduces the machining tolerance requirements and reduces the manual adjustment links.

[0047] As a preferred example of this application, the rotor disk 7 is provided with at least two layers. In the example of this application, by designing the rotor disk 7 as at least two layers, and preferably arranging the two layers of rotor disk 7 in a circumferentially staggered manner, the distribution of electrode plates 13 in the circumferential direction is made more uniform and dense, which can significantly improve the interaction probability between the electrode plates 13 and the electrodes of the charge exchange cylinder 2. That is, when one layer of electrode plates 13 does not enter the corona region, the other layer of staggered electrode plates 13 can just enter the corona region, thereby realizing the continuous interaction between the electrode plates 13 and the electric field. This densely staggered layout avoids the situation of excessively large electrode plate spacing in a single-layer structure, so that when the motor is powered on, it can always ensure that a part of the electrode plates 13 are within the corona region, thereby achieving a stable and reliable self-starting effect. Furthermore, during the rotation of the rotor disk 7, as each layer of electrode plates 13 enters the corona region in sequence, a continuous and stable driving torque can be formed, making the motor run more smoothly and reducing the lag and uncertainty in the start-up process. This makes the start-up response of the entire load drive system faster and the operation more stable, further improving the efficiency and quietness of the direct drive motor in restricted application scenarios.

[0048] As a preferred example of this application, the electrostatic motor is a brushless structure, which can directly drive the load without a speed reducer when running at low speed. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in this application adopts a brushless structure, eliminating the brushes in traditional motors that are prone to generating frictional noise. After the motor is powered on, the rotor is driven to rotate by the electric field force (attraction and repulsion of charges) between the conductive plates of the stator disk 10 and the electrode plates of the rotor disk 7. Since there are no brushes, there is no brush friction loss when the rotor rotates; moreover, the motor itself can stably output the low speed required by the load, and the rotor can be directly connected to the load without the need for speed conversion through a speed reducer. The power is directly transmitted from the motor rotor to the load.

[0049] In some examples of this application, if the scenario requires slightly higher torque (e.g., a slightly increased load torque), a reducer with an extremely low reduction ratio can be used in conjunction with an electrostatic motor. Here, "extremely low reduction ratio" refers to a reduction ratio much lower than the high reduction ratio used when an electrostatic motor drives a load (e.g., a reduction ratio no greater than 3:1, adjusted according to the actual load). This extremely low reduction ratio reducer can moderately increase the output torque while slightly reducing the motor speed, thus better matching the load requirements.

[0050] It is important to emphasize that even with an extremely low reduction ratio reducer, the electrostatic motor remains in an "extremely low speed" state (the motor speed only needs a slight adjustment to meet the load's requirements). It uses a drive method similar to that of an electromagnetic motor, unlike electromagnetic motors which rely on a "high reduction ratio" to drastically reduce high-speed rotation to low-speed operation under load. This design retains the core advantages of the electrostatic motor—brushless operation, quiet operation, and low speed—while compensating for insufficient torque through a simplified reduction gear, and avoiding the problems of increased noise, structural complexity, and high energy loss associated with high reduction ratios.

[0051] The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics described in this application, such as Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the electrode plates 13 of each layer of the rotor disk 7 are distributed non-equidistantly along the circumference, and the circumferential angle between adjacent electrode plates 13 deviates slightly from the angle of equidistant distribution (the deviation value is in the range of 0°~15°). With this arrangement, when a certain rotor electrode plate 13 (e.g....) Figure 10 When the electrode plate numbered 1 at the top center is directly aligned with the circumferential electrode 204 of the charge exchange cylinder 2, the remaining rotor electrode plates 13 (such as...) Figure 10 The first electrode plate (numbered 18) on the right side above the center is in an offset state due to its non-equidistant arrangement.

[0052] On the one hand, the non-equidistant distribution avoids all rotor electrode plates 13 from forming a "positive electrostatic adsorption relationship" with the circumferential electrode at the same time, eliminating the "resistance barrier" generated by the superposition of electrostatic adsorption forces, so that the rotor does not need to overcome the concentrated adsorption resistance when starting. On the other hand, the relative angle difference between the rotor electrode plates 13 in the offset state and the stator electric field formed by the excitation of the circumferential electrode 204 is larger, which can generate a more significant horizontal electrostatic force, effectively improving the starting torque of the motor.

[0053] Meanwhile, the electrode plates 13 on the front and back sides of the rotor disk 7 are arranged in a staggered pattern along the circumference, achieving "complementary coverage" in the projection direction with the center of the rotor disk 7 as the reference, which basically eliminates the blank areas of the circumferential electrodes; and to prevent leakage breakdown between the front and back electrodes due to the small spacing, some empty areas are still retained. Due to the non-equidistant distribution characteristics of the rotor electrodes, even if a certain empty area is directly opposite the circumferential electrode 204 (at which time there is no rotor electrode receiving charge in this area), the remaining large number of circumferential electrodes can still effectively contact the corresponding rotor electrode plate 13 and transfer charge, ensuring sufficient electrostatic force, thereby ensuring sufficient starting torque and achieving dead-zone-free starting.

[0054] Furthermore, a trailing structure 14 is provided near the outer edge of the charge exchange cylinder 2 on the rotor electrode plate 13, and this trailing structure 14 extends along a predetermined rotation direction. When the rotor tends to rotate around the "trailing structure 14 first entering the circumferential electrode corona region," although the trailing structure 14 can enable the electrode to acquire charge first, there is a large angular offset between the main body of the electrode plate 13 and the stator electrode. Due to the repulsion of like charges, a reverse electrostatic force is generated, hindering rotation in that direction. However, when the rotor rotates in the direction of "trailing structure 14 later entering the circumferential electrode corona region," the main body of the electrode plate 13 drives the trailing structure 14 to gradually enter the corona region. The charge transfer and electrostatic force are more continuous, forming a positive driving torque that drives the rotor to rotate continuously, thereby ensuring that the motor rotates in the predetermined direction. Therefore, the rotor always rotates in the direction of trailing structure 14 later entering the circumferential electrode corona region.

[0055] The electrostatic motor disclosed in this application, possessing dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics, achieves systematic optimization in structure, electric field distribution, and drive logic. By employing a non-equidistant electrode plate design and an alternating front-to-back layout on the rotor disk, some electrode plates are placed in the effective drive zone at any angle of the rotor. This avoids the electrostatic force balance and starting dead zone phenomena caused by electrode symmetry in traditional equidistant designs. Combined with the trailing structure at the electrode plate ends offset along the rotation direction, a direction-selective charge region is effectively formed, enabling the motor to generate directional starting torque even when stationary, achieving a self-excited rotation process from static to dynamic. Simultaneously, by placing the stator electrodes on the stator disk... On the back side, by utilizing the dielectric strength and dielectric constant of the stator disk material itself, the dielectric strength and electrostatic force output of the system are significantly improved without changing the volume, avoiding the risks of corona discharge and breakdown. The positive and negative electrode ring structures are embedded in the stator disk and arranged radially staggered, which not only compresses the longitudinal dimension of the motor, but also reduces the longitudinal electrostatic adsorption force and enhances the rotational stability. Overall, this structure achieves reliable directional self-starting without an external starting device, and has the comprehensive advantages of high energy efficiency, compactness, reconfigurability and high insulation safety. It is particularly suitable for micro-drive and space-constrained scenarios, significantly improving the practicality and engineering feasibility of electrostatic motors.

[0056] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics, characterized in that, include: The stator assembly includes at least one stator disk (10), on which stator electrodes are arranged alternately, including negative conductive plates (11) and positive conductive plates (12), for forming an electric field when an external power source is connected; The rotor assembly includes a rotor disk (7) and a rotating shaft (3). A plurality of electrode plates (13) are arranged on the front and back sides of the rotor disk (7). The electrode plates (13) on the front side of the rotor disk (7) and / or the electrode plates (13) on the back side of the rotor disk (7) are arranged in a non-equidistant manner on the rotor disk (7). The rotating shaft (3) is connected to the rotor disk (7) and rotates together with it. The charge exchange cylinder (2) is arranged on the outer circumference of the stator disk (10), including a cylinder sidewall (201). Multiple circumferential electrodes (204) are arranged longitudinally on the cylinder sidewall (201). The circumferential electrodes (204) are electrically connected to the negative electrode conductive sheet (11) and the positive electrode conductive sheet (12) on the stator disk (10), and can provide charge to the electrode sheet (13) on the rotor disk (7) when the motor is running. The frame assembly is used to support the rotor assembly, stator assembly and charge exchange cylinder (2), and is connected to the shaft (3) via bearing (4).

2. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode plates (13) on the front side of the rotor disk (7) and the electrode plates (13) on the back side of the rotor disk (7) are arranged in an alternating pattern along the circumferential direction in the projection direction with the center of the rotor disk (7) as the reference.

3. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The deviation of the circumferential angle between two adjacent electrode plates (13) from the equidistant angle is -15° to 15°. This deviation can change continuously according to the law of increasing or decreasing. The staggered angle of the positive and negative electrode plates (13) of the rotor disk (7) is 5° to 30°.

4. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the rotor disk (7), each electrode sheet (13) is provided with a trailing structure (14) near the outer edge of the charge exchange cylinder (2). The trailing structure (14) is used for the rotor disk (7) to enter the charge exchange area after the electrode sheet (13) body during operation, so as to delay contact with the charge area during the electrode polarity conversion stage.

5. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that, The trailing structure (14) extends along the rear side of the set rotation direction to form an asymmetrical electrode shape, and the length of the trailing structure (14) is 10% to 30% of the length of the electrode sheet (13).

6. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 1, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The stator assembly includes two stator disks (10), namely a top stator disk (8) and a bottom stator disk (9). The top stator disk (8) and the bottom stator disk (9) sandwich the rotor disk (7) to form a stacked structure. The stator electrodes of the top stator disk (8) and the bottom stator disk (9) have the same polarity at the same angular position and are arranged in a mirror symmetrical manner.

7. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 6, characterized in that, The stator electrode on the stator disk (10) is disposed on the back away from the rotor disk (7), so that the body material of the stator disk (10) forms a dielectric layer between the stator electrode and the rotor electrode.

8. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stator disk (10) includes a second plate (1001), the stator electrode extends radially along the second plate (1001), and the end of the stator electrode away from the center of the stator disk (10) is provided with an electrode groove (1003), the electrode groove (1003) is in contact with the circumferential electrode (204) of the charge exchange cylinder (2).

9. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The top stator disk (8) and bottom stator disk (9) of the stator assembly are respectively provided with a positive electrode ring (15) and a negative electrode ring (17). The positive electrode ring (15) is electrically connected to the positive electrode conductive plate (12) on the corresponding stator disk, and the negative electrode ring (17) is electrically connected to the negative electrode conductive plate (11) on the corresponding stator disk. The positive electrode ring (15) is connected to the positive terminal (5) of the power interface through the positive terminal (16), and the negative electrode ring (17) is connected to the negative terminal (6) of the power interface through the negative terminal (18).

10. The electrostatic motor with dead-zone-free directional self-starting characteristics according to claim 9, characterized in that, The frame assembly includes at least two load-bearing plates (1) disposed at the upper and lower ends of the charge exchange cylinder (2). The two ends of the cylinder sidewall (201) of the charge exchange cylinder (2) are provided with first mounting bosses (202) for positioning the load-bearing plates (1) along the axial direction, and a plurality of mounting grooves (203) are provided in the circumferential direction of the cylinder sidewall. The mounting grooves (203) cooperate with the second mounting bosses (1002) on the outer edge of the stator disk (10). The first mounting bosses (202) are detachably cooperated with the load-bearing plates (1), and the mounting grooves (203) are detachably cooperated with the second mounting bosses (1002) of the stator disk (10).

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