A multi-protocol communication circuit and an electric two-wheeled vehicle charger

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of multi-protocol communication circuit and electric two-wheeled vehicle charger, applied to communication circuit technical field, to solve the problem of poor communication compatibility of electric two-wheeled vehicle charger in prior art, specifically including the communication signal of communication module receiving vehicle battery;Among them, the communication protocol of communication signal and the first receiving interface or the second receiving interface is matched;Pulse detection module detects the pulse characteristic of communication signal in real time, and outputs pulse detection result;Access selection module connects the second end of communication module and the connection of first receiving interface or second receiving interface;Control module controls access selection module to connect the receiving interface corresponding to pulse detection result according to pulse detection result, and communicates with vehicle battery through corresponding receiving interface, in this way, the identification and switching of different communication protocols of vehicle battery are realized, and the compatibility of different communication protocols is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of communication circuit technology, and in particular to a multi-protocol communication circuit and an electric two-wheeler charger. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization and intelligent development of electric two-wheelers, charging management is gradually evolving towards digitalization and networking. Currently, electric two-wheelers typically rely on dedicated chargers for power replenishment. Meanwhile, to achieve charging status monitoring, battery protection, and charging process optimization, information exchange between the charger and the vehicle is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, most charging systems have introduced communication functions, transmitting key parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and battery SOC (State of Charge) between the charger and the electric two-wheeler through specific communication protocols to ensure charging safety and efficiency.

[0003] Currently, electric two-wheeler chargers primarily use a single communication protocol for data exchange. This communication method is typically only compatible with specific brands or models of vehicles, resulting in insufficient communication compatibility and a lack of support for multiple protocols. Because different manufacturers may use different communication standards for various models of electric two-wheelers, chargers struggle to adapt to multiple communication protocols. This not only restricts universality but also affects the efficiency of intelligent management of charging infrastructure. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a multi-protocol communication circuit and an electric two-wheeler charger to solve the problem of poor communication compatibility in existing electric two-wheeler chargers.

[0005] The technical solution provided by this utility model embodiment is as follows: On one hand, this utility model embodiment provides a multi-protocol communication circuit for use in an electric two-wheeler charger, including: a communication module, a pulse detection module, an access selection module, and a control module; The first end of the communication module is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery; the second end of the communication module is connected to the input end of the access selection module; and the third end of the communication module is connected to the transmission interface of the control module. The output end of the access selection module is connected to the first and second receiving interfaces of the control module, respectively. The control end of the access selection module is connected to the control module. The input end of the pulse detection module is connected to the second end of the communication module, and the output end of the pulse detection module is connected to the control module. The communication protocols of the first and second receiving interfaces are different. The communication module is used to receive communication signals from the vehicle battery; wherein the communication signals are matched with the communication protocol of the first receiving interface or the second receiving interface. The pulse detection module is used to detect the pulse characteristics of the communication signal in real time and output the pulse detection result; The access selection module is used to connect the second end of the communication module to the first receiving interface or the second receiving interface. The control module is used to control the access selection module to connect the receiving interface corresponding to the pulse detection result according to the pulse detection result, and communicate with the vehicle battery through the corresponding receiving interface.

[0006] Optionally, the communication module includes: a communication bus module, a transmitting path module, a receiving path module, and a push-pull module; The first end of the communication bus module is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery, and the second end of the communication bus module is connected to the first end of the receiving path module and the first end of the push-pull module respectively; the second end of the receiving path module is connected to the first end of the access selection module and the second end of the access selection module; the second end of the push-pull module is connected to the first end of the transmitting path module, and the second end of the transmitting path module is connected to the transmitting interface of the control module.

[0007] Optionally, the communication bus module includes: a first resistor, a fuse, a first diode, a first capacitor, and a first transient suppression diode; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode, and the second end of the first resistor is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery via a fuse; the second end of the first resistor is also connected to the first end of the receiving path module and the first end of the push-pull module respectively. The positive terminal of the first diode is connected to an external power supply; the first terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to ground; the first terminal of the first transient suppression diode is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor, and the second terminal of the first transient suppression diode is connected to ground.

[0008] Optionally, the receiving path module includes: a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a second diode; The emitter of the first transistor is connected to an external power supply, the collector of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal and the second terminal of the access selection module, respectively, and the base of the first transistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor via the second resistor. The emitter of the second transistor is connected to ground, and the base of the second transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the second diode via the third resistor; the positive terminal of the second diode is connected to the second end of the first resistor. The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to ground. The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the base of the second transistor, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to ground. The first end of the sixth resistor is connected to an external power supply, and the second end of the sixth resistor is connected between the second resistor and the base of the first transistor.

[0009] Optionally, the transmitting path module includes: a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a third transistor, and a third diode; The emitter of the third transistor is connected to an external power supply, the collector of the third transistor is connected to the anode of the third diode, and the base of the third transistor is connected to the transmission interface of the control module via the seventh resistor. The negative terminal of the third diode is connected to the push-pull module via the eighth resistor; The first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the emitter of the third transistor, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the base of the third transistor. The push-pull module includes: a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, and a fourth diode; The base of the fourth transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the third diode via the eighth resistor, the emitter of the fourth transistor is connected to ground via the tenth resistor, and the collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the second end of the first resistor. The base of the fifth transistor is connected between the emitter of the fourth transistor and the tenth resistor. The emitter of the fifth transistor is connected to ground. The collector of the fifth transistor is connected to the base of the fourth transistor and the collector of the sixth transistor. The base of the sixth transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth diode via the eleventh resistor, and the emitter of the sixth transistor is connected to ground; the positive terminal of the fourth diode is connected between the second end of the first resistor and the fuse. The first end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the base of the fourth transistor, and the second end of the twelfth resistor is connected to ground. The first end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the base of the sixth transistor, and the second end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to ground.

[0010] Optionally, the pulse detection module includes: a first trigger, a second trigger, a first counter, a second counter, and a numerical comparator; The trigger input terminal of the first trigger is connected to the second terminal of the communication module, and the output terminal of the first trigger is connected to the clock input terminal of the first counter; the first trigger is used to identify a first characteristic pulse whose pulse width matches the communication protocol of the first receiving interface; The trigger input of the second flip-flop is connected to the second terminal of the communication module, and the output of the second flip-flop is connected to the clock input of the second counter; the second flip-flop is used to identify a second characteristic pulse whose pulse width matches the communication protocol of the second receiving interface; The output of the first counter is connected to the first set of inputs of the numerical comparator; the first counter is used to count the number of the first characteristic pulses. The output of the second counter is connected to the second set of inputs of the numerical comparator; the second counter is used to count the number of the second characteristic pulses. The output of the numerical comparator is connected to the control module; the numerical comparator is used to compare the number of first characteristic pulses with a preset first threshold, compare the number of second characteristic pulses with a preset second threshold, and output the pulse detection result to the control module.

[0011] Optionally, the access selection module includes: a single-pole double-throw analog switch chip, a first bias resistor, and a second bias resistor; The common terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is connected to the second terminal of the receiving path module; The first selection terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is connected to the first receiving interface of the control module. The second selection terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is connected to the second receiving interface of the control module. The control pin of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is connected to the control module via the first bias resistor, and the control pin of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is also connected to ground via the second bias resistor.

[0012] Optionally, the control module includes: a microcontroller; The first receiving interface is the external interrupt pin of the microcontroller, and the second receiving interface is the serial port receiving pin of the microcontroller.

[0013] Optionally, the multi-protocol communication circuit further includes: a status indicator module; the status indicator module includes a first LED indicator, a second LED indicator, a first current-limiting resistor, and a second current-limiting resistor; The negative terminal of the first LED indicator is connected to ground, and the positive terminal of the first LED indicator is connected to the control module via the first current-limiting resistor; The negative terminal of the second LED indicator is connected to ground, and the positive terminal of the second LED indicator is connected to the control module via the second current-limiting resistor.

[0014] On the other hand, this utility model embodiment provides an electric two-wheeler charger, including: a charging module and the aforementioned multi-protocol communication circuit; The multi-protocol communication circuit is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery; the multi-protocol communication circuit is connected to the control terminal of the charging module; the input terminal of the charging module is connected to an external charging power supply device; and the output terminal of the charging module is connected to the charging interface of the vehicle battery.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model embodiment are as follows: This invention integrates a pulse detection module and an access selection module to identify and switch between different communication protocols of vehicle batteries, effectively solving the compatibility problem caused by communication protocol incompatibility in electric two-wheeler chargers, improving compatibility with different communication protocols, and enhancing the charger's adaptability to batteries of different brands and models. The circuit structure is simple, reducing system complexity and maintenance costs, and has good versatility.

[0016] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first circuit structure of the multi-protocol communication circuit in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second circuit structure for the multi-protocol communication circuit in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third circuit structure of the multi-protocol communication circuit in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth circuit structure of the multi-protocol communication circuit in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the fifth circuit structure of the multi-protocol communication circuit in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sixth circuit structure of the multi-protocol communication circuit in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric two-wheeled vehicle charger in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0018] Icons: 100 - Multi-protocol communication circuit; 110 - Communication module; 120 - Pulse detection module; 130 - Access selection module; 140 - Control module; 111 - Communication bus module; 112 - Transmitter path module; 113 - Receiver path module; 114 - Push-pull module; R1 - First resistor; PTC1 - Fuse; D1 - First diode; C1 - First capacitor; TVS1 - First transient suppression diode; R2 - Second resistor; R3 - Third resistor; R4 - Fourth resistor; R5 - Fifth resistor; R6 - Sixth resistor; P1 - First transistor; P2 - Second transistor; D2 - Second diode; R7 - Seventh resistor; R8 - Eighth resistor; R9 - Ninth resistor; P3 - Third transistor D3 - Third diode; R10 - Tenth resistor; R11 - Eleventh resistor; R12 - Twelfth resistor; R13 - Thirteenth resistor; P4 - Fourth transistor; P5 - Fifth transistor; P6 - Sixth transistor; D4 - Fourth diode; 121 - First flip-flop; 122 - Second flip-flop; 123 - First counter; 124 - Second counter; 125 - Numerical comparator; 131 - Single-pole double-throw analog switch chip; Ri1 - First bias resistor; Ri2 - Second bias resistor; LED1 - First LED indicator; LED2 - Second LED indicator; Ro1 - First current-limiting resistor; Ro2 - Second current-limiting resistor; 200 - Electric two-wheeler charger; 210 - Charging module. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] This utility model embodiment provides a multi-protocol communication circuit applied to an electric two-wheeler charger. (See reference...) Figure 1 As shown, the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 includes: a communication module 110, a pulse detection module 120, an access selection module 130, and a control module 140; The first end of the communication module 110 is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery; the second end of the communication module 110 is connected to the input end of the access selection module 130; and the third end of the communication module 110 is connected to the transmitting interface of the control module 140. The output end of the access selection module 130 is connected to the first receiving interface and the second receiving interface of the control module 140, respectively. The control end of the access selection module 130 is connected to the control module 140. The input end of the pulse detection module 120 is connected to the second end of the communication module 110, and the output end of the pulse detection module 120 is connected to the control module 140. The communication protocols of the first receiving interface and the second receiving interface are different. The communication module 110 is used to receive communication signals from the vehicle battery; wherein the communication signals are matched with the communication protocol of the first receiving interface or the second receiving interface. The pulse detection module 120 is used to detect the pulse characteristics of the communication signal in real time and output the pulse detection result; The access selection module 130 is used to connect the second end of the communication module 110 to the first receiving interface or the second receiving interface. The control module 140 is used to control the access selection module 130 to connect the receiving interface corresponding to the pulse detection result according to the pulse detection result, and communicate with the vehicle battery through the corresponding receiving interface.

[0021] exist Figure 1In the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 shown, the first end of the communication module 110 is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery to receive communication signals from the vehicle battery. These communication signals match the communication protocol of either the first or second receiving interface. The first interface matches the first communication protocol, and the second interface matches the second communication protocol. The first communication protocol is a single-wire serial communication protocol, also known as a "one-wire" communication protocol, while the second communication protocol is a K-line communication protocol. The second end of the communication module 110 is connected to the input end of the access selection module 130, and the communication module 110 is connected to the transmitting interface of the control module 140 to achieve bidirectional data exchange. The output end of the access selection module 130 is connected to the first and second receiving interfaces of the control module 140, respectively. The control end of the access selection module 130 is connected to the control module 140, enabling the control module 140 to dynamically switch signal paths. Because the two communication protocols have different data lengths, the pulse detection module 120 can determine the matching communication protocol by detecting the pulse width of the communication signal and generate a high pulse detection result. The pulse detection result is a level signal; a high level pulse detection result corresponds to the receiving interface corresponding to the communication signal as the first receiving interface; a low level pulse detection result corresponds to the receiving interface corresponding to the communication signal as the second receiving interface. Based on the pulse detection result, the control module 140 controls the access selection module 130 to connect the receiving interface corresponding to the level of the pulse detection result, thereby establishing communication with the vehicle battery through this interface.

[0022] In this way, by integrating the pulse detection module 120 and the access selection module 130, this utility model realizes the identification and switching of different communication protocols of vehicle batteries, effectively solving the compatibility problem caused by communication protocol incompatibility of electric two-wheeler chargers, improving compatibility with different communication protocols, and enhancing the charger's adaptability to batteries of different brands and models; the circuit structure is simple, reducing system complexity and maintenance costs, and has good versatility.

[0023] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 2 As shown, the communication module 110 includes: a communication bus module 111, a transmitting path module 112, a receiving path module 113, and a push-pull module 114; The first end of the communication bus module 111 is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery, and the second end of the communication bus module 111 is connected to the first end of the receiving path module 113 and the first end of the push-pull module 114 respectively; the second end of the receiving path module 113 is connected to the first end of the access selection module 130 and the second end of the access selection module 130; the second end of the push-pull module 114 is connected to the first end of the transmitting path module 112, and the second end of the transmitting path module 112 is connected to the transmitting interface of the control module 140.

[0024] exist Figure 2 In the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 shown, the communication bus module 111 is responsible for the physical layer transmission and preliminary conditioning of the signal. The second end of the receiving path module 113 is connected to the access selection module 130, which processes and transmits the received signal to subsequent circuits. The first end of the transmitting path module 112 is connected to the second end of the push-pull module 114, and the second end is connected to the transmitting interface of the control module 140, which is responsible for conditioning and driving the transmitting signal of the control module 140. The push-pull module 114 can effectively enhance the driving capability of the transmitted signal and reduce signal distortion and noise interference. This structure allows the communication module 110 to operate in multiple working modes, such as maintaining stable performance in single-wire serial communication or low-speed K-line communication.

[0025] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 3 As shown, the communication bus module includes: a first resistor R1, a fuse PTC1, a first diode D1, a first capacitor C1, and a first transient suppression diode TVS1; The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode D1, and the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery via the fuse PTC1; the second end of the first resistor R1 is also connected to the first end of the receiving path module 113 and the first end of the push-pull module 114 respectively. The positive terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to an external power supply; the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor R1, and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to ground; the first terminal of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor R1, and the second terminal of the first transient suppression diode TVS1 is connected to ground.

[0026] exist Figure 3 In the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 shown, the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode D1, and the second end is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery through the fuse PTC1. It is also connected to the receiving path module 113 and the push-pull module 114, forming a signal transmission path. The first resistor R1 is used as a current-limiting resistor. The first diode D1 is a light-emitting diode, used to indicate the operating status of the communication bus module 111. The first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R1, and the second end is grounded, serving as a filter to smooth the signal and suppress high-frequency noise. The first transient voltage suppressor diode TVS1 is connected between the signal line and ground to absorb transient voltage spikes, such as static electricity or surges, protecting subsequent circuits from damage. The fuse PTC1 is a resettable fuse that automatically melts in case of overcurrent, protecting the bus, and automatically resumes conduction after the fault is cleared.

[0027] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 3 As shown, the receiving path module includes: a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a first transistor P1, a second transistor P2, and a second diode D2. The emitter of the first transistor P1 is connected to an external power supply, the collector of the first transistor P1 is connected to the first terminal and the second terminal of the access selection module 130, respectively, and the base of the first transistor P1 is connected to the collector of the second transistor P2 through the second resistor R2. The emitter of the second transistor P2 is connected to ground, and the base of the second transistor P2 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2 via the third resistor R3; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R1. The first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the collector of the first transistor P1, and the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to ground. The first end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the base of the second transistor P2, and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to ground. The first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to an external power supply, and the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected between the second resistor R2 and the base of the first transistor P1.

[0028] exist Figure 3 In the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 shown, the first transistor P1 and the second transistor P2 form a two-stage amplification and inverting circuit. The second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 serve as current-limiting resistors. The fourth resistor R4 is connected between the collector of the first transistor P1 and ground, acting as a pull-up resistor. The fifth resistor R5 is connected between the base of the second transistor P2 and ground, providing a bias voltage. The sixth resistor R6 is connected between the power supply and the base of the first transistor P1 to stabilize the operating point. The communication signal is converted into a TTL level recognizable by the control module 140 via the receiving path module 113, enabling the reception of the communication signal.

[0029] In practical applications, when receiving communication signals from the vehicle battery, the signal is transmitted through the fuse PTC1 and the first resistor R1 in the communication bus module 111; the first transient suppression diode TVS1 clamps and discharges abnormal high-voltage spikes, and the first capacitor C1 filters out high-frequency noise; the conditioned signal acts on the receiving path module 113. When the signal is high, the second diode D2 is cut off, causing the second transistor P2 to be in a cut-off state because its base current is bypassed to ground by the third resistor R3 and the fifth resistor R5, thereby causing the first transistor P1 to be raised by the sixth resistor R6. Driven by the base current, the first transistor P1 is saturated and turned on, and the collector of the first transistor P1 outputs a low level to the access selection module 130. Conversely, when the bus signal is low, the second diode D2 is turned on, pulling the base potential of the second transistor P2 high, making it saturated and turned on, thereby pulling the base potential of the first transistor P1 low to ground, forcing the first transistor P1 to be turned off. The collector of the first transistor P1 is pulled up to the external power supply through the fourth resistor R4, thereby outputting a high level to the access selection module 130, thus completing the process of inverting the bus signal and converting it into a standard logic level.

[0030] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 3 As shown, the transmission path module includes: a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a third transistor P3, and a third diode D3; The emitter of the third transistor P3 is connected to an external power supply, the collector of the third transistor P3 is connected to the anode of the third diode D3, and the base of the third transistor P3 is connected to the transmitting interface of the control module 140 via the seventh resistor R7. The negative terminal of the third diode D3 is connected to the push-pull module 114 via the eighth resistor R8; The first end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the emitter of the third transistor P3, and the second end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the base of the third transistor P3. The push-pull module 114 includes: a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourth transistor P4, a fifth transistor P5, a sixth transistor P6, and a fourth diode D4. The base of the fourth transistor P4 is connected to the negative terminal of the third diode D3 via the eighth resistor R8, the emitter of the fourth transistor P4 is connected to ground via the tenth resistor R10, and the collector of the fourth transistor P4 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R1. The base of the fifth transistor P5 is connected between the emitter of the fourth transistor P4 and the tenth resistor R10. The emitter of the fifth transistor P5 is connected to ground. The collector of the fifth transistor P5 is connected to the base of the fourth transistor P4 and the collector of the sixth transistor P6, respectively. The base of the sixth transistor P6 is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth diode D4 via the eleventh resistor R11, and the emitter of the sixth transistor P6 is connected to ground; the positive terminal of the fourth diode D4 is connected between the second end of the first resistor R1 and the fuse PTC1. The first end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the base of the fourth transistor P4, and the second end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to ground. The first end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the base of the sixth transistor P6, and the second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to ground.

[0031] exist Figure 3 In the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 shown, the emitter of the third transistor P3 is connected to an external power supply, and its base is connected to the transmitting interface of the control module 140 via the seventh resistor R7 for receiving and transmitting commands. The anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the emitter of the third transistor P3, and its cathode is connected to the push-pull module 114 via the eighth resistor R8. The seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8 are current-limiting resistors. The ninth resistor R9 is connected between the emitter and base of the third transistor P3 to provide a stable operating point. The fourth transistor P4 and the fifth transistor P5 form a push-pull structure for signal amplification. The push-pull structure controls the conduction or cutoff of the sixth transistor P6 to convert the communication signal into a level recognizable by the vehicle battery. The tenth resistor R10 is used to provide a bias voltage. The eleventh resistor R11 is a current-limiting resistor, and the twelfth resistor R12 and the thirteenth resistor R13 are pull-down resistors.

[0032] In practical applications, when the control module 140 sends data to the vehicle battery, the transmission path module 112 and the push-pull module 114 work together. When the transmission interface of the control module 140 outputs a high level, the third transistor P3 obtains base current through the seventh resistor R7 and becomes saturated and conducts. The collector of the third transistor P3 outputs a low level, causing the third diode D3 to conduct. This low level is then transmitted to the base of the fourth transistor P4 in the push-pull module 114 through the eighth resistor R8, causing the fourth transistor P4 to turn off. Simultaneously, this low-level signal causes the fifth transistor P5 to turn off, while the sixth transistor P6 obtains base current through the eleventh resistor R11 and becomes saturated and conducts. The sixth transistor P6 and the eleventh resistor R11 strongly pull down the first terminal of the communication bus module 111 to a low level. When the transmission interface of the control module 140 outputs a low level... When the third transistor P3 is cut off, its collector potential is pulled up to a high level by the ninth resistor R9, causing the third diode D3 to be cut off. The base potential of the fourth transistor P4 in the push-pull module 114 is pulled up to a high level through the twelfth resistor R12 and becomes saturated and conducts. The first terminal of the communication bus module 111 is strongly pulled up to a high level through the fourth transistor P4 and the twelfth resistor R12. At the same time, the conduction of the fourth transistor P4 causes a voltage drop across the tenth resistor R10, which drives the fifth transistor P5 to conduct, thereby pulling down the base potential of the sixth transistor P6 to ensure its reliable cutoff. This forms a complementary switch structure of push-pull output, which effectively enhances the driving capability and avoids shoot-through between the upper and lower transistors.

[0033] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 4 As shown, the pulse detection module 120 includes: a first trigger 121, a second trigger 122, a first counter 123, a second counter 124, and a numerical comparator 125; The trigger input terminal of the first trigger 121 is connected to the second terminal of the communication module 110, and the output terminal of the first trigger 121 is connected to the clock input terminal of the first counter 123; the first trigger 121 is used to identify a first characteristic pulse whose pulse width matches the communication protocol of the first receiving interface; The trigger input terminal of the second trigger 122 is connected to the second terminal of the communication module 110, and the output terminal of the second trigger 122 is connected to the clock input terminal of the second counter 124; the second trigger 122 is used to identify a second characteristic pulse whose pulse width matches the communication protocol of the second receiving interface; The output terminal of the first counter 123 is connected to the first set of input terminals of the numerical comparator 125; the first counter 123 is used to count the number of the first characteristic pulses. The output of the second counter 124 is connected to the second set of inputs of the numerical comparator 125; the second counter 124 is used to count the number of the second characteristic pulses. The output of the numerical comparator 125 is connected to the control module 140; the numerical comparator 125 is used to compare the number of first characteristic pulses with a preset first threshold, compare the number of second characteristic pulses with a preset second threshold, and output the pulse detection result to the control module 140.

[0034] exist Figure 4 In the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 shown, the trigger input of the first flip-flop 121 is connected to the second terminal of the communication module 110, and its output is connected to the clock input of the first counter 123, used to identify a first characteristic pulse matching the first receiving interface protocol; similarly, the trigger input of the second flip-flop 122 is connected to the second terminal of the communication module 110, and its output is connected to the clock input of the second counter 124, used to identify a second characteristic pulse matching the second receiving interface protocol. The first characteristic pulse is a signal whose pulse width falls within a first preset time window, corresponding to the typical pulse width of the "One-Line Communication" protocol. The second characteristic pulse is a signal whose pulse width falls within a second preset time window, corresponding to the start bit or specific data bit width of the UART frame in the K-line communication protocol. The first counter 123 and the second counter 124 respectively count the number of the first and second characteristic pulses, and their outputs are connected to the two sets of inputs of a numerical comparator 125. The numerical comparator 125 compares the pulse count with preset thresholds, such as the first and second thresholds, and outputs the detection result to the control module 140.

[0035] In practical applications, the first trigger 121 and the second trigger 122 monitor the same communication signal from the second terminal of the communication module 110 in parallel. When the first trigger 121 detects a signal that matches the first characteristic pulse width, it generates a clock pulse and sends it to the clock input terminal of the first counter 123, driving the first counter 123 to accumulate. Similarly, when the second trigger 122 detects a signal that matches the second characteristic pulse width, it also generates a clock pulse to drive the second counter 124 to accumulate. After the first counter 123 and the second counter 124 count the number of the first characteristic pulse and the number of the second characteristic pulse respectively within a preset detection period, the count values ​​of the first counter 123 and the second counter 124 are output to the numerical comparator 125. The numerical comparator 125 compares the value of the first counter 123 with a preset first threshold and the value of the second counter 124 with a preset second threshold, and outputs the final pulse detection result to the control module 140 based on the comparison result. If the number of the first characteristic pulse exceeds its threshold while the number of the second characteristic pulse does not meet the threshold, the current protocol is determined to be the first protocol, and a corresponding high-level signal is output. If the number of second characteristic pulses exceeds its threshold while the number of first characteristic pulses does not meet the threshold, the current protocol is determined to be the second protocol, and a corresponding low-level signal is output.

[0036] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 5 As shown, the access selection module 130 includes: a single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131, a first bias resistor Ri1, and a second bias resistor Ri2; The common terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 is connected to the second terminal of the receiving path module 113; The first selection terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 is connected to the first receiving interface of the control module 140. The second selection terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 is connected to the second receiving interface of the control module 140. The control pin of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 is connected to the control module 140 via the first bias resistor Ri1, and the control pin of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 is also connected to ground via the second bias resistor Ri2.

[0037] exist Figure 5In the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 shown, the common terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 is connected to the second terminal of the receiving path module 113 to receive the conditioned communication signal; its first selection terminal is connected to the first receiving interface of the control module 140, which is typically configured to process the first communication protocol; the second selection terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 is connected to the second receiving interface of the control module 140, which is used to process a second communication protocol different from the first communication protocol. The control pin of the analog switch chip is connected to the control module 140 through a first bias resistor Ri1, and the control pin of the analog switch chip is also grounded through a second bias resistor Ri2 to form a reliable level control network: the second bias resistor Ri2 acts as a pull-down resistor to ensure that the control pin is stably pulled to a low level when the control module 140 is powered on and initialized or when the port is in a high impedance state, thereby defaulting to connecting the switch channel to the second selection terminal. When the control module 140 needs to switch to the first communication protocol based on the judgment result of the pulse detection module 120, the control module 140 outputs a high-level signal, which drives the control pin of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 through the first bias resistor Ri1. The single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 physically connects the common terminal with the first selection terminal, so that the communication signal is routed to the first receiving interface. Conversely, when it needs to switch back to the second communication protocol, the control module 140 outputs a low-level signal, and the control pin potential is pulled down to a logic low level by the second bias resistor Ri2. The control module 140 outputs a low-level signal, which drives the control pin of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 through the first bias resistor Ri1. The single-pole double-throw analog switch chip 131 connects the common terminal with the second selection terminal. In this way, reliable, fast and jitter-free hardware switching of the receiving signal path between different interfaces is achieved.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the control module 140 includes: a microcontroller; The first receiving interface is the external interrupt pin of the microcontroller, and the second receiving interface is the serial port receiving pin of the microcontroller.

[0039] In practical applications, the first receiving interface is an external interrupt pin of the microcontroller, which is specifically used to process communication signals that rely on pulse width encoding and have strict timing requirements, such as the "One-Line Communication" protocol. The second receiving interface is the serial port receiving pin of the microcontroller, namely the RX pin of the UART module, which is specifically used to process communication signals based on the standard asynchronous serial frame format, such as the K-line protocol. The UART hardware module automatically completes tasks such as serial-to-parallel conversion and frame error detection, without requiring the microcontroller kernel to perform a large number of bit processing operations.

[0040] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 6 As shown, the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 further includes: a status indicator module; the status indicator module includes a first LED indicator LED1, a second LED indicator LED2, a first current limiting resistor Ro1, and a second current limiting resistor Ro2; The negative terminal of the first LED indicator LED1 is connected to ground, and the positive terminal of the first LED indicator LED1 is connected to the control module 140 via the first current-limiting resistor Ro1; The negative terminal of the second LED indicator LED2 is connected to ground, and the positive terminal of the second LED indicator LED2 is connected to the control module 140 via the second current-limiting resistor Ro2.

[0041] exist Figure 6 In the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 shown, a first LED indicator LED1 indicates the first communication protocol currently used with the first receiving interface; when the first LED indicator LED1 is lit, it indicates that the charger has successfully identified and established a communication connection with the vehicle battery based on the first communication protocol. Correspondingly, a second LED indicator LED2 indicates the second communication protocol currently used with the second receiving interface; when the second LED indicator LED2 is lit, it indicates that the charger has successfully identified and established a communication connection with the vehicle battery based on the second communication protocol. A first current-limiting resistor Ro1 and a second current-limiting resistor Ro2 are used to limit the current within the safe operating current range of the LEDs.

[0042] Based on the same concept, this utility model embodiment also provides an electric two-wheeler charger 200, see reference. Figure 7 As shown, the electric two-wheeler charger 200 includes: a charging module 210 and the aforementioned multi-protocol communication circuit 100; The multi-protocol communication circuit 100 is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery; the multi-protocol communication circuit 100 is connected to the control terminal of the charging module 210; the input terminal of the charging module 210 is connected to an external charging power supply device; and the output terminal of the charging module 210 is connected to the charging interface of the vehicle battery.

[0043] In practical applications, the electric two-wheeler charger 200 includes a charging module 210 and a multi-protocol communication circuit 100. The multi-protocol communication circuit 100 connects to the communication interface of the vehicle battery to automatically identify and adapt to the battery's communication protocol. The multi-protocol communication circuit 100 also connects to the control terminal of the charging module 210 to control charging parameters based on communication signals. The input terminal of the charging module 210 connects to an external charging power supply, and the output terminal connects to the charging interface of the vehicle battery to achieve power transmission. This integrated design expands the charger's intelligence and versatility, achieving compatibility with various battery types through the multi-protocol communication circuit 100.

[0044] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0045] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this utility model. Therefore, if these modifications and variations to the embodiments of this utility model fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model and their equivalents, then this utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A multi-protocol communication circuit, characterized in that, Applied to electric two-wheeler chargers, it includes: a communication module, a pulse detection module, an access selection module, and a control module; The first end of the communication module is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery; the second end of the communication module is connected to the input end of the access selection module; and the third end of the communication module is connected to the transmission interface of the control module. The output end of the access selection module is connected to the first and second receiving interfaces of the control module, respectively. The control end of the access selection module is connected to the control module. The input end of the pulse detection module is connected to the second end of the communication module, and the output end of the pulse detection module is connected to the control module. The communication protocols of the first and second receiving interfaces are different. The communication module is used to receive communication signals from the vehicle battery; wherein the communication signals are matched with the communication protocol of the first receiving interface or the second receiving interface. The pulse detection module is used to detect the pulse characteristics of the communication signal in real time and output the pulse detection result; The access selection module is used to connect the second end of the communication module to the first receiving interface or the second receiving interface. The control module is used to control the access selection module to connect the receiving interface corresponding to the pulse detection result according to the pulse detection result, and communicate with the vehicle battery through the corresponding receiving interface.

2. The multi-protocol communication circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module includes: a communication bus module, a transmitting path module, a receiving path module, and a push-pull module; The first end of the communication bus module is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery, and the second end of the communication bus module is connected to the first end of the receiving path module and the first end of the push-pull module respectively; the second end of the receiving path module is connected to the first end of the access selection module and the second end of the access selection module; the second end of the push-pull module is connected to the first end of the transmitting path module, and the second end of the transmitting path module is connected to the transmitting interface of the control module.

3. The multi-protocol communication circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The communication bus module includes: a first resistor, a fuse, a first diode, a first capacitor, and a first transient suppression diode; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode, and the second end of the first resistor is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery via a fuse; the second end of the first resistor is also connected to the first end of the receiving path module and the first end of the push-pull module respectively. The positive terminal of the first diode is connected to an external power supply; the first terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to ground; the first terminal of the first transient suppression diode is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor, and the second terminal of the first transient suppression diode is connected to ground.

4. The multi-protocol communication circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The receiving path module includes: a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a second diode; The emitter of the first transistor is connected to an external power supply, the collector of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal and the second terminal of the access selection module, respectively, and the base of the first transistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor via the second resistor. The emitter of the second transistor is connected to ground, and the base of the second transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the second diode via the third resistor; the positive terminal of the second diode is connected to the second end of the first resistor. The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to ground. The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the base of the second transistor, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to ground. The first end of the sixth resistor is connected to an external power supply, and the second end of the sixth resistor is connected between the second resistor and the base of the first transistor.

5. The multi-protocol communication circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transmission path module includes: a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a third transistor, and a third diode; The emitter of the third transistor is connected to an external power supply, the collector of the third transistor is connected to the anode of the third diode, and the base of the third transistor is connected to the transmission interface of the control module via the seventh resistor. The negative terminal of the third diode is connected to the push-pull module via the eighth resistor; The first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the emitter of the third transistor, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the base of the third transistor. The push-pull module includes: a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, and a fourth diode; The base of the fourth transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the third diode via the eighth resistor, the emitter of the fourth transistor is connected to ground via the tenth resistor, and the collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the second end of the first resistor. The base of the fifth transistor is connected between the emitter of the fourth transistor and the tenth resistor. The emitter of the fifth transistor is connected to ground. The collector of the fifth transistor is connected to the base of the fourth transistor and the collector of the sixth transistor. The base of the sixth transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth diode via the eleventh resistor, and the emitter of the sixth transistor is connected to ground; the positive terminal of the fourth diode is connected between the second end of the first resistor and the fuse. The first end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the base of the fourth transistor, and the second end of the twelfth resistor is connected to ground. The first end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the base of the sixth transistor, and the second end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to ground.

6. The multi-protocol communication circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse detection module includes: a first trigger, a second trigger, a first counter, a second counter, and a numerical comparator; The trigger input terminal of the first trigger is connected to the second terminal of the communication module, and the output terminal of the first trigger is connected to the clock input terminal of the first counter; the first trigger is used to identify a first characteristic pulse whose pulse width matches the communication protocol of the first receiving interface; The trigger input of the second flip-flop is connected to the second terminal of the communication module, and the output of the second flip-flop is connected to the clock input of the second counter; the second flip-flop is used to identify a second characteristic pulse whose pulse width matches the communication protocol of the second receiving interface. The output of the first counter is connected to the first set of inputs of the numerical comparator; the first counter is used to count the number of the first characteristic pulses. The output of the second counter is connected to the second set of inputs of the numerical comparator; the second counter is used to count the number of the second characteristic pulses. The output of the numerical comparator is connected to the control module; the numerical comparator is used to compare the number of first characteristic pulses with a preset first threshold, compare the number of second characteristic pulses with a preset second threshold, and output the pulse detection result to the control module.

7. The multi-protocol communication circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The access selection module includes: a single-pole double-throw analog switch chip, a first bias resistor, and a second bias resistor; The common terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is connected to the second terminal of the receiving path module; The first selection terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is connected to the first receiving interface of the control module. The second selection terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is connected to the second receiving interface of the control module. The control pin of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is connected to the control module via the first bias resistor, and the control pin of the single-pole double-throw analog switch chip is also connected to ground via the second bias resistor.

8. The multi-protocol communication circuit according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The control module includes: a microcontroller; The first receiving interface is the external interrupt pin of the microcontroller, and the second receiving interface is the serial port receiving pin of the microcontroller.

9. The multi-protocol communication circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Status indicator module; The status indication module includes a first LED indicator, a second LED indicator, a first current-limiting resistor, and a second current-limiting resistor; The negative terminal of the first LED indicator is connected to ground, and the positive terminal of the first LED indicator is connected to the control module via the first current-limiting resistor; The negative terminal of the second LED indicator is connected to ground, and the positive terminal of the second LED indicator is connected to the control module via the second current-limiting resistor.

10. A charger for an electric two-wheeled vehicle, characterized in that, include: The charging module and the multi-protocol communication circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9; The multi-protocol communication circuit is connected to the communication interface of the vehicle battery; the multi-protocol communication circuit is connected to the control terminal of the charging module; the input terminal of the charging module is connected to an external charging power supply device; and the output terminal of the charging module is connected to the charging interface of the vehicle battery.

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