Photovoltaic tiles and photovoltaic buildings

Abstract

The application relates to the photovoltaic technology field, in particular to a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic building. The photovoltaic tile comprises a light-transmitting cover plate, a first adhesive layer, a cell layer, a third adhesive layer and a metal back plate which are arranged in layers; the cell layer comprises cell pieces; the metal back plate comprises a power generation area which covers at least the cell pieces; and the power generation area is provided with a hollow pattern. The photovoltaic tile is provided with the hollow pattern in the power generation area of the metal back plate, so that the continuity of the metal back plate is cut off, and thus the rigidity of the metal back plate can be weakened. In this way, the rigid constraint can be avoided to transmit the tensile stress or the compressive stress caused by the thermal expansion difference to the cell pieces as a whole, so that the cell pieces inside can be prevented from being pulled, the cell pieces can be protected, the risk of failure of the cell pieces can be reduced, and the service life and the reliability of the photovoltaic tile are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic building. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic roofing tiles are products that combine photovoltaic power generation with traditional building materials. Photovoltaic panels are typically categorized into double-glazed, single-glazed, and flexible lightweight panels, depending on the encapsulation materials used. When these three types of materials are used on roofs, double-glazed and single-glazed glass are reflective, fragile, and difficult to install, usually requiring metal fittings for installation; furthermore, lightweight panels cannot bear weight independently and require a supporting substrate.

[0003] Metal sheets can solve the strength and load-bearing problems of lightweight panels and the installation difficulties of glass panels. In related technologies, combining lightweight panels and metal sheets can solve the load-bearing problem of lightweight panels while reducing weight. Furthermore, metal sheets can be manufactured into various shapes to achieve products of various forms.

[0004] However, in actual use, when the lightweight plate is directly combined with the metal plate, the resin material used in the lightweight plate has a different coefficient of thermal expansion than the metal plate, which leads to thermal mismatch. When the metal plate expands along with the resin material, the internally encapsulated solar cells are pulled, causing the internal connecting wires to detach and cut off the circuit, which seriously affects the power generation life and reliability of the photovoltaic tile. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, this application aims to provide a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic building that can solve the problem of poor reliability caused by internal circuit damage due to material thermal expansion coefficient mismatch in photovoltaic tiles in related technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic tile.

[0007] The second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic building.

[0008] According to a first aspect of this application, a photovoltaic tile is provided, comprising: a light-transmitting cover plate, a first adhesive layer, a battery layer, a third adhesive layer, and a metal backplate stacked together; wherein the battery layer includes battery cells; the metal backplate includes a power generation area, the power generation area at least covering the battery cells; and the power generation area has a perforated pattern.

[0009] In the above technical solution, by creating a perforated pattern in the power generation area of ​​the metal backsheet, the continuity of the metal backsheet is interrupted, thereby weakening its rigidity. This prevents the rigid constraint from transferring tensile or compressive stress caused by differences in thermal expansion to the solar cells, which could lead to internal cell strain. This protects the solar cells, reduces the risk of cell failure, and ultimately improves the lifespan and reliability of the photovoltaic tile.

[0010] In some technical solutions, the metal backplate may optionally include an edge sealing area, which is a solid frame and surrounds the power generation area.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the edge-sealing area serves as the edge frame of the metal back panel, employing a continuous solid design without any perforations. This ensures that the metal back panel has sufficient strength, preventing it from collapsing due to reduced strength caused by perforations.

[0012] In some technical solutions, optionally, the power generation area is divided into multiple unit zones by a perforated pattern, and the size of each unit zone is no larger than the sum of the sizes of two solar cells.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the smaller the unit partition, the more evenly the stress can be distributed to each small unit. The stress borne by each small unit is relatively small, thereby reducing the local deformation caused by stress concentration. The smaller the local deformation, the better the protection of the solar cell.

[0014] In some technical solutions, optionally, the perforation rate of the metal backsheet is greater than 30% and less than 70%; where the perforation rate is the proportion of the area of ​​the perforated pattern to the area of ​​the metal backsheet. This balances structural strength and reduces stiffness, thus suppressing curling and protecting the solar cells while avoiding strength reduction due to excessive perforation; thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the metal backsheet during long-term use.

[0015] In some technical solutions, the edges and corners of the cutout pattern can be smoothly transitioned.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the edges and corners of the hollow pattern adopt a smooth transition. When subjected to external force, the stress can be distributed more evenly throughout the structure, and no local stress concentration will occur, thus ensuring the reliability of the metal back plate.

[0017] In some technical solutions, the photovoltaic tile may optionally include: an insulating layer disposed between the third adhesive layer and the cell layer; and a second adhesive layer disposed between the cell layer and the insulating layer.

[0018] In the above technical solution, by setting an insulating layer, electrical short circuits between the battery layer and the metal backsheet can be prevented, thereby further improving the reliability of photovoltaic tiles.

[0019] In some technical solutions, the third adhesive layer may optionally have the same perforated pattern as the metal backing plate.

[0020] In some technical solutions, the photovoltaic tile may optionally include: an additional functional layer disposed on the side of the light-transmitting cover away from the battery layer; and a fourth adhesive layer disposed between the additional functional layer and the light-transmitting cover.

[0021] In the above technical solutions, different additional functional layers give photovoltaic tiles different functional characteristics, thereby improving the applicability and performance of photovoltaic tiles in different environments.

[0022] In some technical solutions, the photovoltaic tile may optionally include a reinforcement layer disposed between the light-transmitting cover and the battery layer.

[0023] In the above technical solution, by setting a reinforcement layer, the strength of the photovoltaic tile can be further enhanced, thereby improving the service life and reliability of the photovoltaic tile.

[0024] According to a second aspect of this application, a photovoltaic building is provided, comprising the photovoltaic tiles provided by any of the above-described technical solutions. Thus, the photovoltaic building possesses all the beneficial effects of any of the above-described technical solutions, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of the technical solutions of this application will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of photovoltaic tiles provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the metal backplate of the photovoltaic tile provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the metal backplate of the photovoltaic tile provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is the third of the structural schematic diagrams of the metal backplate of the photovoltaic tile provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 5 This is the fourth of several schematic diagrams showing the structure of the metal backplate of the photovoltaic tile provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic tile provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 7 This is the third of the structural schematic diagrams of the photovoltaic tile provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 8 This is the fourth of the structural schematic diagrams of the photovoltaic tile provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0034] Figure label:

[0035] 110 Light-transmitting cover; 120 First adhesive layer; 130 Battery layer; 132 Battery cell; 134 Battery string; 140 Second adhesive layer; 150 Insulating layer; 160 Third adhesive layer; 170 Metal backplate; 172 Power generation area; 174 Hollowed-out pattern; 176 Edge sealing area; 178 Unit partition; 180 Additional functional layer; 182 Fourth adhesive layer; 190 Reinforcing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0038] The following is combined Figures 1 to 8 The photovoltaic tiles and photovoltaic buildings provided in this application will be described in detail through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, this application provides a photovoltaic tile whose structure includes: a light-transmitting cover plate 110, a first adhesive layer 120, a battery layer 130, a third adhesive layer 160, and a metal back plate 170.

[0040] The light-transmitting cover 110, the first adhesive layer 120, the battery layer 130, the third adhesive layer 160, and the metal backplate 170 are stacked sequentially. The battery layer 130 includes battery cells 132. The metal backplate 170 includes a power-generating area 172, which at least covers the battery cells 132; and the power-generating area 172 is provided with a perforated pattern 174.

[0041] Specifically, the light-transmitting cover 110, as the outermost layer of the photovoltaic tile, functions to protect the internal solar cells 132 from environmental factors (such as external forces, moisture penetration, and chemical corrosion). The light-transmitting cover 110 needs to possess high light transmittance, high strength, excellent weather resistance, and anti-aging properties. Common materials include tempered glass or transparent composite materials, such as PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) or PET composites.

[0042] The solar cell layer 130 is the core unit of photovoltaic power generation, converting light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect. It comprises several solar cells 132. These solar cells 132 are internally electrically connected by metal solder strips to generate the required voltage and current.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The metal backplate 170 serves as the supporting surface for the photovoltaic tile, connecting it to the building structure. The metal backplate 170 has power generation areas 172 corresponding to the arrangement of the solar cells 132. These power generation areas 172 at least cover the solar cells 132 and feature perforated patterns 174. These perforated patterns 174 divide the originally large metal backplate 170 into several smaller, independently deformable areas, thus forming an effective stress buffer. When the photovoltaic tile deforms due to thermal stress, these areas can absorb and release stress through their own minute deformation, thereby reducing the constraint force of the metal backplate 170 on the light-transmitting cover plate 110. This prevents the rigid constraint from transferring the tensile or compressive stress caused by the expansion difference between the metal backplate 170 and the light-transmitting cover plate 110 to the solar cells 132, which could cause the internal solar cells 132 to be stretched. This protects the solar cells 132, reduces the risk of solar cell failure, and thus improves the service life and reliability of the photovoltaic tile.

[0044] The first adhesive layer 120 is disposed between the light-transmitting cover plate 110 and the battery layer 130, bonding the light-transmitting cover plate 110 and the battery layer 130 into a whole.

[0045] The third adhesive layer 160 is disposed between the battery layer 130 and the metal backplate 170, bonding the battery layer 130 and the metal backplate 170 into a whole.

[0046] It is understandable that the metal backplate 170 is typically made of aluminum or iron, and its coefficient of thermal expansion differs from that of the light-transmitting cover 110. When subjected to thermal stress deformation, the metal backplate 170 and the light-transmitting cover 110 deform inconsistently, resulting in uneven stress on both sides of the solar cell 132. This can pull on the internally encapsulated solar cell 132, leading to its failure.

[0047] Therefore, in the above embodiment, by providing a perforated pattern 174 in the power generation area 172 of the metal backplate 170, the continuity of the metal backplate 170 is interrupted, thereby weakening the rigidity of the metal backplate 170. When the photovoltaic tile deforms due to thermal stress, these areas can absorb and release stress through their own small deformations, thus digesting the stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the photovoltaic tile and the light-transmitting cover plate 110. This prevents the rigid constraint from transferring the tensile or compressive stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion to the solar cell 132 as a whole, causing the internal solar cell 132 to be stretched. In this way, the solar cell 132 can be protected, the risk of solar cell 132 failure can be reduced, and the service life and reliability of the photovoltaic tile can be improved.

[0048] Reference Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, the metal backplate 170 also includes a sealing region 176. The sealing region 176 is a solid frame and is disposed around the power generation region 172.

[0049] The edge-sealed area 176, serving as the edge frame of the metal backplate 170, adopts a continuous solid design without any perforations. This ensures that the metal backplate 170 has sufficient strength, preventing it from collapsing due to reduced strength caused by perforations. Furthermore, since there are no battery cells 132 distributed in the edge-sealed area 176, there is no risk of battery cell 132 failure.

[0050] It is understandable that the power generation area 172 can be the area where the solar cells 132 are arranged, while the edge sealing area 176 is the insulating area of ​​the power generation area 172 from the edge of the photovoltaic tile.

[0051] In some embodiments, the width of the edge sealing area 176 is in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm. In other words, the distance between the power generation area 172 and the edge of the photovoltaic tile is in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 In the above embodiment, the power generation area 172 is divided into multiple unit partitions 178 by a hollow pattern 174. The size of each unit partition 178 is no greater than the sum of the sizes of two battery cells 132.

[0053] In practical applications, the smaller the unit partition 178, the more evenly the stress can be distributed to each small unit. The stress borne by each small unit is relatively small, thereby reducing the local deformation caused by stress concentration. The smaller the local deformation, the better the protection of the solar cell 132.

[0054] In some embodiments, the perforation rate of the metal back plate 170 is greater than 30% and less than 70%. The perforation rate refers to the proportion of the area of ​​the perforated pattern 174 to the area of ​​the metal back plate 170.

[0055] Understandably, a higher perforation rate of the metal backplate 170 results in lower rigidity. However, a higher perforation rate also reduces the effective area of ​​the metal backplate 170, meaning a decrease in the proportion of solid material actually involved in load-bearing, thus reducing the structural strength and load-bearing capacity of the metal backplate 170. Therefore, the above embodiment, by limiting the perforation rate of the metal backplate to between 30% and 70%, balances structural strength and reduced rigidity, thereby both suppressing curling and protecting the solar cells 132, and avoiding strength reduction due to excessive perforation rate. This ensures the stability and reliability of the metal backplate 170 during long-term use.

[0056] In some embodiments, the edges and corners of the cutout pattern 174 are smoothly transitioned.

[0057] In the above embodiment, the edges and corners of the hollow pattern 174 are smoothly transitioned. In this way, when subjected to external forces, the stress can be distributed more evenly throughout the structure, without causing local stress concentration, thereby ensuring the reliability of the metal back plate 170. For example, circular, square, or other irregular shapes.

[0058] Understandably, shapes with sharp edges and corners, such as triangles and pentagrams, should be avoided as much as possible. Because of their sharp edges and corners, these shapes inevitably experience a sharp increase in stress at these points when subjected to external impacts or long-term loads, resulting in localized stress concentration. This localized stress concentration accelerates fatigue damage to the metal backplate 170, making it more prone to cracking or even breakage in these areas, thus severely impacting the reliability of the metal backplate 170.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 , Figures 6 to 8 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tile further includes a second adhesive layer 140 and an insulating layer 150. The insulating layer 150 is disposed between the third adhesive layer 160 and the battery layer 130. The second adhesive layer 140 is disposed between the insulating layer 150 and the battery layer 130.

[0060] The second adhesive layer 140 is disposed between the insulating layer 150 and the battery layer 130, bonding the insulating layer 150 and the battery layer 130 into a whole.

[0061] The insulating layer 150 is used to provide electrical insulation. The insulating layer 150 is disposed between the battery layer 130 and the metal backplate 170 to prevent electrical short circuits between the battery layer 130 and the metal backplate 170, thereby further improving the reliability of the photovoltaic tile.

[0062] In some embodiments, the battery cells 132 are connected in series and parallel to form a battery string 134.

[0063] Specifically, considering the different power output requirements in practical applications, such as different voltage levels and current magnitudes, the battery cells 132 are not used individually, but are connected in series and parallel according to certain rules to form a battery string 134. Specifically, series connection can increase the output voltage, while parallel connection can increase the output current. In this way, the battery layer 130 can be better adapted to various electrical equipment or power systems.

[0064] Reference Figures 2 to 5 , Figure 7 In some embodiments, the third adhesive layer 160 is provided with the same perforated pattern 174 as the metal backing plate 170.

[0065] Reference Figure 6 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tile further includes an additional functional layer 180 and a fourth adhesive layer 182. The additional functional layer 180 is disposed on the side of the light-transmitting cover plate 110 opposite to the battery layer 130. The fourth adhesive layer 182 is disposed between the additional functional layer 180 and the light-transmitting cover plate 110.

[0066] In the above embodiments, to improve the practicality of the photovoltaic tiles, an additional functional layer 180 is provided on the outer side of the light-transmitting cover plate 110. The additional functional layer 180 may be a self-cleaning layer, a hydrophobic layer, a weather-resistant layer, or an embossed layer, etc. Different additional functional layers 180 give the photovoltaic tiles different functional characteristics, thereby improving the applicability and performance of the photovoltaic tiles in different environments.

[0067] In the above embodiments, the additional functional layer 180 can be an embossed layer. On the one hand, it can increase the surface roughness of the light-transmitting cover 110, reduce reflection, and enhance anti-slip performance; on the other hand, it can improve the aesthetics of the photovoltaic tile.

[0068] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tile further includes a reinforcement layer 190. The reinforcement layer 190 is disposed between the light-transmitting cover plate 110 and the battery layer 130.

[0069] In the above embodiments, by providing the reinforcing layer 190, the strength of the photovoltaic tile can be further enhanced, thereby improving the service life and reliability of the photovoltaic tile.

[0070] Specifically, the reinforcing layer 190 is a glass fiber reinforcing layer, meaning it is made of glass fiber. It is understood that the reinforcing layer 190 can also be made of other high-strength materials such as carbon fiber or ceramics.

[0071] In some embodiments, the first adhesive layer 120, the second adhesive layer 140, the third adhesive layer 160, and the fourth adhesive layer 182 may be POE (Polyolefin Elastomer) film or EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate) film, etc.

[0072] In some embodiments, this application also provides a photovoltaic building, including the photovoltaic tiles provided in any of the above embodiments. Thus, the photovoltaic building possesses all the beneficial effects of any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0073] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0074] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic tile, characterized in that, include: The light-transmitting cover, the first adhesive layer, the battery layer, the third adhesive layer, and the metal backplate are stacked together. The battery layer includes battery cells; The metal backplate includes a power generation area, which at least covers the battery cell; the power generation area has a hollowed-out pattern.

2. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal backplate also includes an edge sealing area, which is a solid frame and is arranged around the power generation area.

3. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation area is divided into multiple unit partitions by the hollow pattern, and the size of each unit partition is no greater than the sum of the sizes of the two battery cells.

4. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perforation rate of the metal back plate is greater than 30% and less than 70%; wherein, the perforation rate is the ratio of the area of ​​the perforated pattern to the area of ​​the metal back plate.

5. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edges and corners of the hollowed-out pattern transition smoothly.

6. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic tile also includes: An insulating layer is disposed between the third adhesive layer and the battery layer; A second adhesive layer is disposed between the battery layer and the insulating layer.

7. The photovoltaic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The third adhesive layer has the same perforated pattern as the metal back plate.

8. The photovoltaic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic tile also includes: An additional functional layer is disposed on the side of the light-transmitting cover plate opposite to the battery layer; A fourth adhesive layer is disposed between the additional functional layer and the light-transmitting cover plate.

9. The photovoltaic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic tile also includes: A reinforcing layer is disposed between the light-transmitting cover and the battery layer.

10. A photovoltaic building, characterized in that, Including photovoltaic tiles as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images