Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises a cell string, a solder strip and a first glue point structure. The cell string comprises a plurality of cell pieces arranged along a first direction. A plurality of solder strips are arranged along a second direction, and the plurality of solder strips are connected to the cell pieces adjacent along the first direction. A plurality of first glue point structures are arranged on the cell pieces along the second direction, and the plurality of first glue point structures are arranged one by one corresponding to the plurality of solder strips. The plurality of first glue point structures bond the plurality of solder strips on the cell pieces. The first glue point structure comprises a plurality of first glue points arranged along the first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. Compared with the prior art, the connection stability between the solder strip and the cell piece is improved, the phenomenon of solder strip deviation and soldering separation is reduced, and the reliability of the photovoltaic module is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. They have the advantages of being clean and pollution-free, and have been widely used in the power generation industry.

[0003] Currently, most photovoltaic (PV) modules use solar cells with a main grid structure. However, the main grid structure blocks incident light and consumes too much silver paste, which can reduce conversion efficiency and increase costs. To improve conversion efficiency and reduce costs, solar cells without a main grid structure are generally used. However, when assembling solar cells without a main grid structure into PV modules, solder ribbons are usually used to directly connect to the fine grid on the solar cell. This structure has poor stability in the connection between the solder ribbon and the solar cell, which can lead to solder ribbon misalignment, desoldering, and other phenomena that affect the reliability of PV modules. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a photovoltaic module that improves the connection stability between the solder ribbon and the solar cell, reduces solder ribbon misalignment and desoldering, and thus improves the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic module, including solar cells, solder ribbons, and first adhesive dot structures. The solar cells are arranged along a first direction; multiple solder ribbons are arranged along a second direction, connecting adjacent solar cells along the first direction; and multiple first adhesive dot structures are disposed on the solar cells along the second direction, each first adhesive dot structure corresponding to one of the solder ribbons. The multiple first adhesive dot structures bond the solder ribbons to the solar cells. Each first adhesive dot structure includes multiple first adhesive dots arranged along the first direction, which is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0006] In the above technical solution, by setting multiple first adhesive dots on the solar cell along the second direction, each corresponding to a solder ribbon, the first adhesive dot structure includes multiple first adhesive dots arranged along the first direction. Due to the adhesive properties of the first adhesive dots, the solder ribbon can be bonded to the solar cell, providing additional adhesive bonding force between the solder ribbon and the solar cell, thereby improving the connection stability between the solder ribbon and the solar cell, reducing phenomena such as solder ribbon misalignment and desoldering, and thus improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first adhesive dot structure includes a plurality of first adhesive dots uniformly distributed along a first direction.

[0008] In the above technical solution, by uniformly setting multiple first adhesive dots on the first direction on the battery cell, the adhesive dot dispensing process can be simplified through uniform distribution.

[0009] In some embodiments, along a first direction, the distribution density of a plurality of first adhesive dots in the first adhesive dot structure on the battery cell gradually decreases from both sides of the battery cell toward the center of the battery cell.

[0010] In the above technical solution, by setting the distribution density of the first adhesive dots to gradually decrease from both sides of the battery cell towards the center, the distribution of the first adhesive dots in the edge area along both sides of the battery cell in the first direction can be made more dense, thereby effectively increasing the number of connection points between the solder ribbon and the edge of the battery cell, thereby improving the connection strength between the solder ribbon and the edge of the battery cell, and thus reducing the probability of the edge of the battery cell falling off from the solder ribbon when the battery cell is subjected to external forces during transportation, lamination and other processes, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0011] In some embodiments, the plurality of first adhesive dots structure includes a plurality of fourth groups of adhesive dots and a plurality of fifth groups of adhesive dots. Each of the plurality of fourth groups of adhesive dots includes n+1 first adhesive dots, and each of the plurality of fifth groups of adhesive dots includes n first adhesive dots. Along the second direction, the plurality of fourth groups of adhesive dots and the plurality of fifth groups of adhesive dots are arranged alternately in sequence, and the positions of the first adhesive dots in adjacent fourth groups of adhesive dots and the first adhesive dots in adjacent fifth groups of adhesive dots are staggered.

[0012] In the above technical solution, by setting the fourth group of adhesive dots to include n+1 first adhesive dots and the fifth group of adhesive dots to include n first adhesive dots, and by arranging multiple groups of fourth and fifth adhesive dots alternately and staggered, since each adhesive dot protrudes from the surface of the battery cell, each adhesive dot may become a stress concentration point during the encapsulation process. If multiple adhesive dots are set along the same direction, the number of adhesive dots will increase, thereby increasing the probability of stress concentration during the encapsulation process. Therefore, by setting the above, the first adhesive dots are not continuously distributed along the same direction (e.g., the second direction), thereby reducing the number of first adhesive dots in the same direction and thus reducing the probability of stress concentration.

[0013] In some embodiments, the distribution density of the plurality of first adhesive dots in each first adhesive dot structure on the battery cell is a first distribution density, and along the second direction, the plurality of first distribution densities gradually decrease from both sides of the battery cell toward the center of the battery cell.

[0014] In the above technical solution, by setting the first distribution density to gradually decrease from both sides of the battery cell towards the middle of the battery cell, the first adhesive dots in each group of first adhesive dots on both sides of the battery cell are more densely distributed along the second direction. This can effectively increase the number of connection points between the solder ribbon and both sides of the battery cell along the second direction, thereby further improving the connection strength between the solder ribbon and the edges of both sides of the battery cell, and reducing the probability of the solder ribbon falling off from both sides of the battery cell when adjacent battery cells rotate relative to each other.

[0015] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the size of the first adhesive dot is D4, and the minimum distance between adjacent grids in the grid of the battery cell is D5, satisfying D4 < D5.

[0016] In the above technical solution, by setting D4 < D5, the first adhesive dot can be located between two adjacent fine grids, so that the first adhesive dot can be in complete contact with the surface of the battery cell, thereby improving the bonding force between the first adhesive dot and the battery cell, and further improving the reinforcement effect of the first adhesive dot on the solder ribbon.

[0017] In some embodiments, the size of the first adhesive dot is D7 along the second direction and H along the third direction. 1， The size of the welding strip is H2, satisfying D7 > D5, H1 > H2, and the third direction is perpendicular to the surface of the battery cell.

[0018] In the above technical solution, by setting D7 > D5 and H1 > H2, the first adhesive dot completely covers the solder ribbon and the contact area between the first adhesive dot and the battery cell is increased, thereby improving the adhesion of the first adhesive dot.

[0019] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the maximum distance between adjacent first adhesive dots is D6, satisfying D6 < 30 mm.

[0020] In the above technical solution, by setting D6 < 30mm, the tension applied to the solder ribbon between adjacent adhesive dots can be effectively guaranteed, reducing the probability of the solder ribbon moving when the adhesive film melts and flows, thereby improving the reliability of photovoltaic modules.

[0021] In some embodiments, along a first direction, a first reinforcing structure is provided between adjacent first adhesive dots in the first adhesive dot structure. The first reinforcing structure includes a plurality of first reinforcing portions arranged along the first direction. The plurality of first reinforcing portions are respectively disposed on the fine grid of the battery cell. The width of the first reinforcing portion is W1, and the width of the fine grid of the battery cell is W2, satisfying W1 > W2.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the combination of the first adhesive dot and the first reinforcing part further improves the connection strength between the solder strip and the cell, thereby reducing the probability of the cell edge falling off from the solder strip when the cell is subjected to external forces during transportation, lamination and other processes, thus improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0023] In some embodiments, the silver content of the first reinforcing portion is greater than the silver content of the fine grid of the battery cell.

[0024] In the above technical solution, by setting the silver content of the first reinforcing part to be greater than the silver content of the grid of the battery cell, since silver is a metal with good conductivity, increasing the silver content in the first reinforcing part can reduce the resistance of the first reinforcing part, thereby improving the current transmission efficiency of the first reinforcing part; at the same time, since silver particles melt and form a dense conductive network when sintered at high temperature, increasing the silver content in the first reinforcing part can make the metal structure formed after high-temperature sintering of the first reinforcing part more continuous and have higher mechanical strength when the solder strip is welded to the first reinforcing part.

[0025] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the two sides of the battery cell are respectively a first region and a third region. The first adhesive dot structure includes a first group of adhesive dots disposed in the first region. Along the second direction, a plurality of first harpoon structures are also disposed in the first region. The plurality of first harpoon structures correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first group of adhesive dots. The first harpoon structures are used to collect the current of the fine grid of the battery cell. The first harpoon structure includes a first connecting line and a second connecting line arranged along the second direction. Both the first connecting line and the second connecting line extend from the inner side of the battery cell to the edge of the battery cell. There is a seventh region between the first connecting line and the second connecting line. At least part of the fine grid passes through the seventh region. The first group of adhesive dots is located in the seventh region. And / or the first adhesive dot structure includes a third group of adhesive dots disposed in the third region. Along the second direction, the third region is also provided with a plurality of second harpoon structures, each of which corresponds one-to-one with a plurality of third group adhesive dots. The second harpoon structures are used to collect the current of the fine grid of the solar cell. The second harpoon structure includes a third connecting line and a fourth connecting line arranged along the second direction. Both the third connecting line and the fourth connecting line extend from the inside of the solar cell to the edge of the solar cell. There is an eighth region between the third connecting line and the fourth connecting line. At least part of the fine grid passes through the eighth region. The third group of adhesive dots is located in the eighth region.

[0026] In the above technical solution, by setting a first harpoon structure composed of a first connecting line and a second connecting line in a first region located at the edge of the cell and / or setting a second harpoon structure composed of a third connecting line and a fourth connecting line in a third region located at the edge of the cell, the current on the fine grid is led out by connecting the first harpoon structure or the second harpoon structure to the fine grid respectively, thereby improving the current transmission effect in the edge region of the cell.

[0027] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the widths of the first and second connecting lines are both W3, the widths of the third and fourth connecting lines are both W4, and along the first direction, the width of the fine grid of the battery cell is W2, satisfying W3 > W2 and W4 > W2.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the heat release can be reduced by improving the current overload capacity of the first, second, third, and fourth connecting lines, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0029] In some embodiments, along a third direction, the thickness of the first and second connecting lines is T1, the thickness of the third and fourth connecting lines is T2, and the thickness of the fine grid of the solar cell is T3, satisfying T1 > T3, T2 > T3, and the third direction is perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell.

[0030] In the above technical solution, by setting T1 > T3, the first connecting line and the second connecting line have portions that extend above the fine gate along a third direction. This portion can limit the solder ribbon located in the first area, thereby reducing the probability that the solder ribbon will move outside the first area when the adhesive film melts and flows during the encapsulation process.

[0031] Meanwhile, by setting T2 > T3, the third and fourth connecting lines have portions that extend above the fine gate along the third direction. This portion can limit the solder ribbon located in the second region, thereby reducing the probability of the solder ribbon moving outside the second region during the encapsulation process when the adhesive film melts and flows. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 Structural diagrams of photovoltaic modules provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 2Structural diagrams of photovoltaic modules provided in other embodiments of this application; Figure 3 Structural diagrams of photovoltaic modules provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided for some embodiments of this application (showing a first region, a second region, and a third region); Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided for other embodiments of this application (showing the fourth, fifth and sixth regions); Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided for some embodiments of this application (showing the first adhesive dot and solder strip); Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided for some embodiments of this application (showing a first reinforcing structure); Figure 10 for Figure 9 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided for some embodiments of this application (showing a first harpoon structure and a second harpoon structure). Figure 12 for Figure 11 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle; Figure 13 for Figure 11 A magnified view of a portion of point D in the middle; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided for other embodiments of this application (showing a first harpoon structure and a second harpoon structure).

[0034] icon: 1000 - Photovoltaic modules; 100 - Battery cell, 101 - First region, 102 - Second region, 103 - Third region, 104 - Fourth region, 105 - Fifth region, 106 - Sixth region, 107 - Fine grid, 110 - First adhesive dot structure, 111 - First adhesive dot, 112 - First group of adhesive dots, 113 - Second group of adhesive dots, 114 - Third group of adhesive dots, 115 - Fourth group of adhesive dots, 116 - Fifth group of adhesive dots, 120 - First reinforcing structure, 121 - First reinforcing part, 130 - First harpoon structure, 131 - First connecting line, 132 - Second connecting line, 133 - Seventh region, 140 - Second harpoon structure, 141 - Third connecting line, 142 - Fourth connecting line, 143 - Eighth region; 200-welding strip; X - First direction, Y - Second direction, Z - Third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the description of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the description, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the description, claims, or accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order or hierarchy.

[0037] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0038] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "attachment" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals denote the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width, and other dimensions of various components in the embodiments of this application shown in the accompanying drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length, width, and other dimensions of the integrated device, are merely illustrative and should not constitute any limitation on this application.

[0041] Photovoltaic modules are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. They have the advantages of being clean and pollution-free, and have been widely used in the power generation industry.

[0042] Currently, most photovoltaic (PV) modules use solar cells with a main grid structure. However, the main grid structure blocks incident light and consumes too much silver paste, which can reduce conversion efficiency and increase costs. To improve conversion efficiency and reduce costs, solar cells without a main grid structure are generally used. However, when assembling solar cells without a main grid structure into PV modules, solder ribbons are usually used to directly connect to the fine grid on the solar cell. This structure has poor stability in the connection between the solder ribbon and the solar cell, which can lead to solder ribbon misalignment, desoldering, and other phenomena that affect the reliability of PV modules.

[0043] Based on the above considerations, in order to solve the technical problem of poor connection stability between the solder ribbon and the solar cell, which affects the reliability of the photovoltaic module, this application provides a photovoltaic module including a cell string, solder ribbons, and a first adhesive dot structure. The cell string includes multiple solar cells arranged along a first direction. Multiple solder ribbons are arranged along a second direction, connecting adjacent solar cells along the first direction. Multiple first adhesive dot structures are disposed on the solar cells along the second direction, corresponding one-to-one with the solder ribbons, bonding the solder ribbons to the solar cells. Each first adhesive dot structure includes first adhesive dots arranged along the first direction. The first and second directions are perpendicular.

[0044] In such a photovoltaic module, by setting multiple first adhesive dots on the cell along a second direction, each corresponding to a solder ribbon, the first adhesive dot structure includes multiple first adhesive dots arranged along a first direction. Due to the adhesive properties of the first adhesive dots, the solder ribbon can be bonded to the cell, providing additional adhesive bonding force between the solder ribbon and the cell, thereby improving the connection stability between the solder ribbon and the cell, reducing phenomena such as solder ribbon misalignment and desoldering, and thus improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1-3 , Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of this application. Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application. A photovoltaic module 1000 includes a cell string, solder ribbons 200, and a first adhesive dot structure 110. The cell string includes a plurality of cell sheets 100, which are arranged along a first direction X; a plurality of solder ribbons 200, which are arranged along a second direction Y, and the solder ribbons 200 connect adjacent cell sheets 100 along the first direction X; a plurality of first adhesive dot structures 110, which are disposed on the cell sheets 100 along the second direction Y, and are respectively disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of solder ribbons 200. The plurality of first adhesive dot structures 110 bond the plurality of solder ribbons 200 to the cell sheets 100. The first adhesive dot structure 110 includes a plurality of first adhesive dots 111 arranged along the first direction X, and the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular.

[0046] The types of solar cells 100 can include Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC), Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon), Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-film (HJT), Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC), and perovskite solar cells.

[0047] When the welding strip 200 is manufactured, a wire with a uniform cross-sectional shape (the cross-section here refers to the surface cut along its thickness direction) is used, and the wire is cut to a specified length, which is adapted to the length of the welding strip 200.

[0048] Multiple solder ribbons 200 connect adjacent battery cells 100 along the first direction X. This can be achieved by multiple solder ribbons 200 connecting the front side of the preceding battery cell 100 to the back side of the following battery cell 100, or by multiple solder ribbons 200 connecting the back side of the preceding battery cell 100 to the front side of the following battery cell 100.

[0049] The first adhesive dot structure 110 can be configured to correspond one-to-one with each solder strip 200. Each group of first adhesive dot structures 110 and each solder strip 200 can be configured to correspond one-to-one with each solder strip 200. Each group of first adhesive dot structures 110 and each solder strip 200 are located in the first direction X.

[0050] The multiple first adhesive dots 111 can be arranged at equal intervals along the first direction X, or they can be arranged at unequal intervals along the first direction X.

[0051] The first adhesive droplet 111 can be formed by applying photosensitive adhesive to the surface of the solar cell 100 using a dispensing device and then allowing it to cure. The photosensitive adhesive can be a UV adhesive (ultraviolet curable adhesive), a visible light curable adhesive, or a near-infrared light curable adhesive, etc.

[0052] In the projection plane perpendicular to the third direction Z, the orthographic projection of the first glue point 111 can be circular or elliptical.

[0053] In this embodiment, by setting multiple first adhesive dot structures 110 corresponding one-to-one with the solder ribbon 200 along the second direction Y on the solar cell 100, the first adhesive dot structure 110 includes multiple first adhesive dots 111 arranged along the first direction X. Due to the adhesive characteristics of the first adhesive dots 111, the solder ribbon 200 can be bonded to the solar cell 100, providing additional adhesive bonding force between the solder ribbon 200 and the solar cell 100, thereby improving the connection stability between the solder ribbon 200 and the solar cell 100, reducing phenomena such as solder ribbon 200 displacement and desoldering, and thus improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 1000.

[0054] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 2-3 The first adhesive dot structure 110 includes a plurality of first adhesive dots 111 uniformly distributed along the first direction X.

[0055] The multiple first adhesive dots 111 are evenly arranged along the first direction X, which means that the distance between any two adjacent first adhesive dots 111 is equal.

[0056] In this embodiment, by uniformly arranging a plurality of first adhesive dots 111 on the battery cell 100 in the first direction X, the adhesive dot dispensing process can be simplified through uniform arrangement.

[0057] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application (showing a first region, a second region, and a third region). The distribution density of a plurality of first adhesive dots 111 in the first adhesive dot structure 110 on the solar cell 100 gradually decreases from both sides of the solar cell 100 toward the center of the solar cell 100.

[0058] Along the first direction X, the two sides of the battery cell 100 are a first region 101 and a third region 103, respectively, and the middle part of the battery cell 100 is a second region 102. The first adhesive dot structure 110 includes a first group of adhesive dots 112 disposed in the first region 101, a second group of adhesive dots 113 disposed in the second region 102, and a third group of adhesive dots 114 disposed in the third region 103. The distribution density of the first adhesive dots can be such that the average distance between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the first group of adhesive dots 112 is D1, the average distance between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the second group of adhesive dots 113 is D2, and the average distance between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the third group of adhesive dots 114 is D3, satisfying D1 < D2 and D3 < D2.

[0059] Along the third direction Z, the battery cell 100 has a front and a back side that are disposed opposite to each other. The first region 101, the second region 102 and the third region 103 can be disposed on the front side of the battery cell 100, and the first region 101, the second region 102 and the third region 103 can also be disposed on the back side of the battery cell 100.

[0060] There can be multiple first adhesive dots 111 in the first group of adhesive dots 112. These multiple first adhesive dots 111 can be arranged at equal intervals or unequal intervals along the first direction X. Along the first direction X, the spacing between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the first group of adhesive dots 112 is D. 11 D 12 D 13 D 14 ......D 1e The average spacing D1 can be D1 = (D 11 +D 12 +D 13 +D 14 ......+D 1e ) / e, where e is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0061] The second group of adhesive dots 113 may contain multiple first adhesive dots 111. These multiple first adhesive dots 111 in the second group of adhesive dots 113 may be arranged at equal intervals or at unequal intervals along the first direction X. Along the first direction X, the spacing between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the second group of adhesive dots 113 is D. 21 D 22 D 23 D 24 ......D 2f The average spacing D2 can be D2 = (D 21 +D 22 +D 23 +D 24 ......+D 2f ) / f, where f is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0062] There can be multiple first adhesive dots 111 in the third group of adhesive dots 114. These multiple first adhesive dots 111 in the third group of adhesive dots 114 can be arranged at equal intervals along the first direction X, or they can be arranged at unequal intervals along the first direction X. Along the first direction X, the distance between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the third group of adhesive dots 114 is D. 31 D 32 D 33 D 34 ......D 3g The average spacing D3 can be D3 = (D 31 +D 32 +D 33 +D 34 ......+D 3g ) / g, where g is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0063] The average distance between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the first group of adhesive dots 112 can be the same as or different from the average distance between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the third group of adhesive dots 114.

[0064] In this embodiment, by setting the distribution density of the first adhesive dots to gradually decrease from both sides of the solar cell towards the center, the first adhesive dots 111 in the first group of adhesive dots 112 within the edge region of the solar cell 100, such as in the first region 101, and the first adhesive dots 111 in the first group of adhesive dots 112 within the third region 103, are arranged more densely. This increases the number of first adhesive dots 111, thereby increasing the number of connection points between the solder ribbon 200 and the edge of the solar cell 100, and thus improving the connection strength between the solder ribbon 200 and the edge of the solar cell 100. This reduces the probability of detachment between the two edges of the solar cell 100 and the solder ribbon 200 when the solar cell 100 is subjected to external forces during transportation, lamination, etc., thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 1000.

[0065] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of this application. The first adhesive dot structure 110 includes multiple sets of fourth adhesive dots 115 and multiple sets of fifth adhesive dots 116. Each set of fourth adhesive dots 115 includes n+1 first adhesive dots 111, and each set of fifth adhesive dots 116 includes n first adhesive dots 111. Along the second direction Y, the multiple sets of fourth adhesive dots 115 and multiple sets of fifth adhesive dots 116 are arranged alternately in sequence, and the positions of the first adhesive dots 111 in adjacent sets of fourth adhesive dots 115 and the first adhesive dots 111 in adjacent sets of fifth adhesive dots 116 are staggered.

[0066] The value of n can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Each group of fourth glue dots 115 can include 9, 10, or 11 first glue dots 111, and each group of fifth glue dots can include 8, 9, or 10 first glue dots 111.

[0067] The first adhesive dot structure 110 may include three sets of fourth adhesive dots 115 and three sets of fifth adhesive dots 116. The three sets of fourth adhesive dots 115 and three sets of fifth adhesive dots 116 may be arranged alternately in the following order: fourth adhesive dots 115, fifth adhesive dots 116, fourth adhesive dots 115, fifth adhesive dots 116, fourth adhesive dots 115, fifth adhesive dots 116, or fifth adhesive dots 116, fourth adhesive dots 115, fifth adhesive dots 116, fourth adhesive dots 115, fifth adhesive dots 116, fourth adhesive dots 115.

[0068] In this embodiment, by setting the fourth group of adhesive dots 115 to include n+1 first adhesive dots 111 and the fifth group of adhesive dots 116 to include n first adhesive dots 111, and by arranging multiple groups of fourth group adhesive dots 115 and multiple groups of fifth group adhesive dots 116 alternately and staggeredly, since each adhesive dot protrudes from the surface of the battery cell 100, the adhesive dots may become stress concentration points during the encapsulation process. If multiple adhesive dots are set along the same direction, the number of adhesive dots will increase, thereby increasing the probability of stress concentration during the encapsulation process. Therefore, by setting the above, the first adhesive dots 111 along the same direction (e.g., the second direction Y) are not continuously distributed, thereby reducing the number of first adhesive dots 111 in the same direction and thus reducing the probability of stress concentration.

[0069] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 The diagram below shows the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided in some other embodiments of this application (showing the fourth, fifth, and sixth regions). In each first adhesive dot structure, the distribution density of the plurality of first adhesive dots in the solar cell is a first distribution density. Along the second direction, the plurality of first distribution densities gradually decrease from both sides of the solar cell toward the center of the solar cell.

[0070] Along the second direction Y, the two sides of the battery cell 100 are the fourth region 104 and the sixth region 106, respectively, and the middle part of the battery cell 100 is the fifth region 105. The first distribution density can be that each first adhesive dot structure 110 in the fourth region 104 includes M1 first adhesive dots 111, each first adhesive dot structure 110 in the fifth region 105 includes M2 first adhesive dots 111, and each first adhesive dot structure 110 in the sixth region 106 includes M3 first adhesive dots 111, satisfying M1 > M2 and M3 > M2.

[0071] Along the third direction Z, the battery cell 100 has a front and a back side that are disposed opposite to each other. The fourth region 104, the fifth region 105 and the sixth region 106 can be disposed on the front side of the battery cell 100, and the fourth region 104, the fifth region 105 and the sixth region 106 can also be disposed on the back side of the battery cell 100.

[0072] The number of first adhesive dots 111 in each first adhesive dot structure 110 in the fourth region 104 can be the same as or different from the number of first adhesive dot structures 110 in the sixth region 106.

[0073] In this embodiment, after the battery cells 100 are assembled into a battery string, during the transfer process, two adjacent battery cells 100 may rotate relative to the central axis of the battery cell 100. At this time, the torsional force on the solder ribbons 200 on both sides of the battery cell 100 along the second direction Y is the greatest. Therefore, by setting the first distribution density to gradually decrease from both sides of the battery cell 100 towards the center of the battery cell 100, the distribution of the first adhesive dots 111 in each group of first adhesive dot structures 110 on both sides of the battery cell 100 along the second direction is made more dense. For example, the number of first adhesive dots 111 in the fourth region 104 and the sixth region 106 on both sides of the battery cell 100 is more. This can effectively increase the number of connection points between the solder ribbons 200 and both sides of the battery cell 100 along the second direction Y, thereby further improving the connection strength between the solder ribbons 200 and the edges of both sides of the battery cell 100, thereby reducing the probability of the solder ribbons 200 falling off from both sides of the battery cell 100 when adjacent battery cells 100 rotate relative to each other.

[0074] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partially enlarged schematic diagram at point A. Along the first direction X, the size of the first adhesive dot 111 is D4, and the minimum distance between adjacent fine grids 107 in the battery cell 100 is D5, satisfying D4 < D5.

[0075] In this embodiment, by setting D4 < D5, the first adhesive dot 111 can be located between two adjacent fine grids 107, thereby enabling the first adhesive dot 111 to fully contact the surface of the battery cell 100, thus improving the bonding force between the first adhesive dot 111 and the battery cell 100, and further improving the reinforcement effect of the first adhesive dot 111 on the welding ribbon 200.

[0076] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application (showing a first adhesive dot and solder ribbon). Along the second direction Y, the size of the first adhesive dot 111 is D7; along the third direction Z, the size of the first adhesive dot 111 is H. 1， The dimension of the welding strip 200 is H2, satisfying D7>D5, H1>H2, and the third direction Z is perpendicular to the surface of the battery cell 100.

[0077] In this embodiment, by setting D7 > D5 and H1 > H2, the first adhesive dot 111 completely covers the solder ribbon 200 and the contact area between the first adhesive dot 111 and the battery cell 100 is increased, thereby improving the adhesion of the first adhesive dot 111.

[0078] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 7 Along the first direction X, the maximum distance between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 is D6, which satisfies D6 < 30 mm.

[0079] D6 can be 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 16mm, 18mm, 20mm, 22mm, 24mm, 26mm, 28mm, or 29mm.

[0080] In this embodiment, when the spacing between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 is too large, the tension applied to the solder ribbon 200 by the two adjacent adhesive dots is insufficient. This will cause the solder ribbon 200 to move when the adhesive film melts and flows during the encapsulation process, thereby damaging the connection between the solder ribbon 200 and the fine grid 107. Therefore, by setting D6 < 30mm, the tension applied to the solder ribbon 200 between adjacent adhesive dots can be effectively guaranteed, reducing the probability of the solder ribbon 200 moving when the adhesive film melts and flows, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 1000.

[0081] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 , Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application (showing a first reinforcing structure). Figure 10 for Figure 9 A partially enlarged schematic diagram at point B. Along the first direction X, a first reinforcing structure 120 is provided between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the first adhesive dot structure 110. The first reinforcing structure 120 includes a plurality of first reinforcing parts 121 arranged along the first direction X. The plurality of first reinforcing parts 121 are respectively disposed on the fine grid 107 of the battery cell 100. The width of the first reinforcing part 121 is W1, and the width of the fine grid 107 of the battery cell 100 is W2, satisfying W1 > W2.

[0082] The first reinforcing part 121 can be a PAD point, which can be a metal electrode designed at a specific location on the surface of the solar cell 100. It plays an important role in connecting the solar cell 100 to the circuit board. These points are typically used to connect electrodes and wires, as well as to connect other photovoltaic modules 1000, such as connecting multiple solar cells 100 in series to form a solar cell pack, or connecting multiple solar cell packs in parallel to form a photovoltaic module 1000. The first reinforcing part 121 can also be a solder point, which can be one or more of solder paste points, silver paste points, copper paste points, and silver-copper points.

[0083] In the projection plane perpendicular to the third direction Z, the orthographic projection of the first reinforcing part 121 can be a rectangle or a circle.

[0084] In this embodiment, by providing a first reinforcing structure 120 between adjacent first adhesive dots 111 in the first adhesive dot structure 110, the first reinforcing structure includes multiple first reinforcing parts 121. The first reinforcing parts 121 are disposed on the fine grid 107, so that when the solder ribbon 200 is connected to the battery cell 100, the solder ribbon 200 can be directly soldered to the first reinforcing part 121. The provision of the first reinforcing part 121 effectively increases the number of connection points between the solder ribbon 200 and the battery cell 100. At the same time, by setting the width of the first reinforcing part 121 to be greater than the width of the fine grid 107, the solder ribbon 200 can be soldered directly to the first reinforcing part 121. When the first reinforcing part 121 is connected, the connection area between the solder ribbon 200 and the first reinforcing part 121 is increased. Therefore, by increasing the number of connection points and the connection area at the connection point, the connection strength between the solder ribbon 200 and the cell 100 is improved. Finally, the cooperation between the first adhesive point 111 and the first reinforcing part 121 further improves the connection strength between the solder ribbon 200 and the cell 100, thereby reducing the probability of the edge of the cell 100 falling off from the solder ribbon 200 when the cell 100 is subjected to external forces during transportation, lamination and other processes, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 1000.

[0085] In some embodiments, the silver content of the first reinforcing portion 121 is greater than the silver content of the fine grid 107 of the battery cell 100.

[0086] The silver content of the first reinforcing part 121 can be the silver content in the silver paste used to prepare the first reinforcing part 121.

[0087] The silver content of the fine grid 107 can be the silver content in the silver paste used to prepare the fine grid 107.

[0088] In this embodiment, by setting the silver content of the first reinforcing part 121 to be greater than the silver content of the fine grid 107 of the battery cell 100, since silver is a metal with good conductivity, increasing the silver content in the first reinforcing part 121 can reduce the resistance of the first reinforcing part 121, thereby improving the current transmission efficiency of the first reinforcing part 121. At the same time, since silver particles melt and form a dense conductive network when sintered at high temperature, increasing the silver content in the first reinforcing part 121 can make the metal structure formed after high-temperature sintering of the first reinforcing part 121 more continuous and have higher mechanical strength when the solder ribbon 200 is welded to the first reinforcing part 121.

[0089] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 11 , Figure 11A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application (showing a first harpoon structure and a second harpoon structure). Along the first direction X, the two sides of the battery cell 100 are a first region 101 and a third region 103, respectively. The first adhesive dot structure 110 includes a first group of adhesive dots 112 disposed in the first region 101. Along the second direction Y, a plurality of first harpoon structures 130 are also disposed in the first region 101. The plurality of first harpoon structures 130 correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first group of adhesive dots 112. The first harpoon structure 130 is used to collect the current of the fine grid 107 of the battery cell 100. The first harpoon structure 130 includes a first connecting line 131 and a second connecting line 132 arranged along the second direction Y. The first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 both extend from the inner side of the battery cell 100 to the edge of the battery cell 100. There is a seventh region 133 between the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132. At least part of the fine grid 107 passes through the seventh region 133. The first group of adhesive dots 112 is located in the seventh region 133. And / or the first adhesive dot structure 110 includes a third group of adhesive dots 114 disposed in the third region 103. Along the second direction Y, the third region 103 is also provided with a plurality of second harpoon structures 140, each of which corresponds one-to-one with the plurality of third group adhesive dots 114. The second harpoon structures 140 are used to collect the current of the fine grid 107 of the battery cell 100. The second harpoon structure 140 includes a third connecting line 141 and a fourth connecting line 142 arranged along the second direction Y. The third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 both extend from the inner side of the battery cell 100 to the edge of the battery cell 100. An eighth region 143 is located between the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142. At least part of the fine grid 107 passes through the eighth region 143, and the third group of adhesive dots 114 is located in the eighth region 143.

[0090] Along the third direction Z, the battery cell 100 has a front and a back side that are disposed opposite to each other. The first region 101 and the third region 103 can be disposed on the front side of the battery cell 100, and the first region 101 and the third region 103 can also be disposed on the back side of the battery cell 100.

[0091] The orientation of the first connecting line 131 and the orientation of the second connecting line 132 can be parallel to each other, so that the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 can form a "U" shape. The orientation of the first connecting line 131 and the orientation of the second connecting line 132 can also intersect, so that the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 can form a "V" shape.

[0092] The first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 can be spaced apart along the second direction Y, and the seventh region 133 can be located between the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132.

[0093] At least a portion of the fine grid 107 passing through the seventh region 133 can be either all the fine grids 107 located at the edge of the cell 100 passing through the seventh region 133, or only a portion of the fine grids 107 located at the edge of the cell 100 passing through the seventh region 133.

[0094] The orientations of the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 can be parallel to each other, allowing them to form a "U" shape. Alternatively, the orientations of the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 can intersect, allowing them to form a "V" shape.

[0095] The third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 can be spaced apart along the second direction Y, and the eighth region 143 can be located between the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142.

[0096] At least a portion of the fine grid 107 passing through the eighth region 143 can be either all the fine grids 107 located at the edge of the battery cell 100 passing through the eighth region 143, or only a portion of the fine grids 107 located at the edge of the battery cell 107 passing through the eighth region 143.

[0097] In this embodiment, since the fine grid 107 at the edge of the battery cell 100 may experience grid breakage during the printing process, thus affecting the current transmission effect in the edge region of the battery cell 100, a first harpoon structure 130 composed of a first connecting line 131 and a second connecting line 132 is provided in the first region 101 at the edge of the battery cell 100, and / or a second harpoon structure 140 composed of a third connecting line 141 and a fourth connecting line 142 is provided in the third region 103 at the edge of the battery cell 100. The first harpoon structure 130 or the second harpoon structure 140 are connected to the fine grid 107 respectively, thereby leading out the current on the fine grid 107, thereby improving the current transmission effect in the edge region of the battery cell 100.

[0098] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 , Figure 12 for Figure 11 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle. Figure 13 for Figure 11A partially enlarged schematic diagram at point D. Along the second direction Y, the widths of the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 are both W3, and the widths of the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 are both W4. Along the first direction X, the width of the fine grid 107 of the battery cell 100 is W2, satisfying W3 > W2 and W4 > W2.

[0099] W3 and W4 can be the same or different.

[0100] In this embodiment, since the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 can respectively collect the current on the multiple fine grids 107 located in the edge area of ​​the battery cell 100, the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 need to have a greater current overload capacity. Therefore, by setting W3 > W2, the width of the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 is greater than the width of the fine grid 107, thereby enabling the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 to have a greater current overload capacity, thereby reducing heat release when an excessive current passes through the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132.

[0101] Meanwhile, since the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 can collect the current from the multiple fine grids 107 located in the edge area of ​​the battery cell 100, the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 need to have a greater current overload capacity. Therefore, by setting W4 > W2, the width of the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 is greater than the width of the fine grid 107, thereby enabling the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 to have a greater current overload capacity, thereby reducing heat release when an excessive current passes through the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142.

[0102] In summary, by improving the current overload capacity of the first connecting line 131, the second connecting line 132, the third connecting line 141, and the fourth connecting line 142, heat release can be reduced, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic module 1000.

[0103] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 The diagram below illustrates the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module according to other embodiments of this application (showing a first harpoon structure and a second harpoon structure). Along the third direction Z, the thickness of the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 is T1, the thickness of the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 is T2, and the thickness of the fine grid 107 of the solar cell 100 is T3, satisfying T1 > T3 and T2 > T3. The third direction Z is perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell 100.

[0104] T1 and T2 can be the same or different.

[0105] In this embodiment, by setting T1 > T3, the first connecting line 131 and the second connecting line 132 have portions that extend above the fine gate 107 along the third direction Z. This portion can limit the solder ribbon 200 located in the first region 101, that is, during the encapsulation process, the probability of the solder ribbon 200 moving outside the first region 101 when the adhesive film melts and flows can be reduced.

[0106] Meanwhile, by setting T2 > T3, the third connecting line 141 and the fourth connecting line 142 have portions that extend above the fine gate 107 along the third direction Z. This portion can limit the solder ribbon 200 located in the second region 102, thereby reducing the probability that the solder ribbon 200 will move outside the second region 102 when the adhesive film melts and flows during the encapsulation process.

[0107] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0108] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit this application. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: A battery string, the battery string comprising a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells being arranged along a first direction; Multiple welding strips are arranged along a second direction, and the multiple welding strips connect adjacent battery cells along the first direction; Multiple first adhesive dots are disposed on the battery cell along the second direction. Each of the multiple first adhesive dots corresponds to a plurality of solder ribbons. The multiple first adhesive dots bond the solder ribbons to the battery cell. Each first adhesive dot structure includes multiple first adhesive dots arranged along the first direction, which is perpendicular to the second direction.

2. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first adhesive dot structure includes a plurality of first adhesive dots uniformly distributed along the first direction.

3. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the distribution density of the plurality of first adhesive dots in the first adhesive dot structure on the battery cell gradually decreases from both sides of the battery cell toward the center of the battery cell.

4. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of first adhesive dots structures include multiple sets of fourth adhesive dots and multiple sets of fifth adhesive dots. Each set of fourth adhesive dots includes n+1 first adhesive dots, and each set of fifth adhesive dots includes n first adhesive dots. Along the second direction, the plurality of fourth adhesive dots and the plurality of fifth adhesive dots are arranged alternately in sequence, and the positions of the first adhesive dots in adjacent sets of fourth adhesive dots and sets of fifth adhesive dots are staggered.

5. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distribution density of the plurality of first adhesive dots in each first adhesive dot structure on the battery cell is a first distribution density, and along the second direction, the plurality of first distribution densities gradually decrease from both sides of the battery cell toward the center of the battery cell.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the size of the first adhesive dot is D4, and the minimum distance between adjacent fine grids in the fine grid of the battery cell is D5, satisfying D4 < D5.

7. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the size of the first adhesive dot is D7; along the third direction, the size of the first adhesive dot is H. 1， The size of the welding strip is H2, satisfying D7 > D5, H1 > H2, and the third direction is perpendicular to the surface of the battery cell.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the maximum distance between adjacent first adhesive dots is D6, which satisfies D6 < 30 mm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Along the first direction, a first reinforcing structure is provided between adjacent first adhesive dots in the first adhesive dot structure. The first reinforcing structure includes a plurality of first reinforcing parts arranged along the first direction. The plurality of first reinforcing parts are respectively disposed on the fine grid of the battery cell. The width of the first reinforcing part is W1, and the width of the fine grid of the battery cell is W2, satisfying W1 > W2.

10. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The silver content of the first reinforcing part is greater than the silver content of the fine grid of the battery cell.

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the two sides of the battery cell are respectively a first region and a third region. The first adhesive dot structure includes a first group of adhesive dots disposed in the first region. Along the second direction, a plurality of first harpoon structures are also disposed in the first region. The plurality of first harpoon structures correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first group of adhesive dots. The first harpoon structures are used to collect the current of the fine grid of the battery cell. The first harpoon structure includes a first connecting line and a second connecting line arranged along the second direction. Both the first connecting line and the second connecting line extend from the inner side of the battery cell to the edge of the battery cell. There is a seventh region between the first connecting line and the second connecting line. At least part of the fine grid passes through the seventh region. The first group of adhesive dots is located in the seventh region. And / or the first adhesive dot structure includes a third group of adhesive dots disposed in the third region. Along the second direction, a plurality of second harpoon structures are also disposed in the third region, and the plurality of second harpoon structures correspond one-to-one with the plurality of third group adhesive dots. The second harpoon structures are used to collect the current of the fine grid of the battery cell. The second harpoon structure includes a third connecting line and a fourth connecting line arranged along the second direction. The third connecting line and the fourth connecting line both extend from the inner side of the battery cell to the edge of the battery cell. There is an eighth region between the third connecting line and the fourth connecting line. At least part of the fine grid passes through the eighth region, and the third group of adhesive dots is located in the eighth region.

12. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 11, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the widths of the first connecting line and the second connecting line are both W3, and the widths of the third connecting line and the fourth connecting line are both W4. Along the first direction, the width of the fine grid of the battery cell is W2, satisfying W3 > W2 and W4 > W2.

13. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 11, characterized in that, Along the third direction, the thickness of the first connecting line and the second connecting line is T1, the thickness of the third connecting line and the fourth connecting line is T2, and the thickness of the fine grid of the battery cell is T3, satisfying T1>T3, T2>T3, and the third direction is perpendicular to the surface of the battery cell.

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