Protective firefighter turnout gear

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of protective firefighter fire-fighting protective clothing, including comfort layer, heat insulation layer, waterproof and breathable layer and outer layer, comfort layer, heat insulation layer, waterproof and breathable layer and outer layer are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, comfort layer adopts carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber preparation's plain weave cloth, the utility model constructs a multilevel, all-round protective system by the synergic innovation of above-mentioned material and technology.It not only selects high-performance flame-retardant material on each layer substrate, but also accurately reinforces the weakest seam area of traditional protective clothing through "structural line misplacement" and "adhesive tape sealing" design, finally realizes that the overall flame-retardant thermal protective performance reaches the excellent level that two levels and three levels burn injury total area is less than 6%, while the overall garment weight is appropriate, and the protective property and activity flexibility are considered, to provide higher level safety guarantee for firefighter in extreme fire environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model is a protective firefighting suit for firefighters, belonging to the field of firefighter personal protective technology. Background Technology

[0002] Firefighter protective clothing is crucial equipment for ensuring the safety of firefighters in fire scenes. Currently, the domestic standard XF 10-2014, "Firefighter Protective Clothing," mainly focuses on assessing the thermal protection performance (TPP value) of the protective clothing fabric, such as requiring TPP ≥ 28 cal / cm². However, this standard does not propose testing requirements or quantitative indicators for the overall protective performance of the finished garment, i.e., "whole garment flame-retardant thermal protection performance." In actual fire scenes, heat is not only transferred through the fabric itself but also easily penetrates through weak points such as the structural lines at the seams of the garment, causing burns. The international standard ISO 13506-1, "Heat and fire protective clothing – Part 1: Test methods for the transfer of energy using instrumented dummies," addresses this very issue. Standards in other domestic fields, such as GB 8965.1-2020 "Protective Clothing Flame Retardant Clothing", have also introduced clauses for whole-body testing. This national standard requires that the total area of ​​second- and third-degree burns on Class A clothing dummies not exceed 25%, while the national standard requires that the total area of ​​second- and third-degree burns on Class B clothing dummies not exceed 50%.

[0003] However, the performance of existing mainstream firefighting protective suits in full-body tests is unsatisfactory: the burn area of ​​second- and third-degree burns in full-body suits made of aramid fiber is typically 15%–30%, while that of polyimide fiber suits is 10%–15%, and that of high-performance PBI (polybenzimidazole) fiber suits from abroad is controlled to around 6%. Therefore, developing a protective firefighting suit with a smaller burn area in full-body tests is urgently needed and of great significance for improving the personal safety of firefighters in my country. There is a pressing need to address the aforementioned problems with a suitable protective firefighting suit. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a protective firefighter's firefighting suit to solve the problems mentioned in the background. This invention achieves excellent overall flame-retardant and thermal protection performance with a second- and third-degree burn area of ​​less than 6% by optimizing the material formula of each layer and innovating the structural lines and adhesive strip bonding process at the splicing parts. At the same time, it takes into account comfort and flexibility of movement, ensuring the safety of firefighters in extreme scenarios.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: a protective firefighter's firefighting protective suit, comprising a comfort layer, a heat insulation layer, a waterproof and breathable layer, and an outer layer, wherein the comfort layer, heat insulation layer, waterproof and breathable layer, and outer layer are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside; the comfort layer is made of carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber woven fabric, and its unit area mass is not less than 100g / ㎡; the heat insulation layer is a three-in-one fabric structure composed of a first nonwoven spunlace felt, adhesive bonding, and a second nonwoven spunlace felt, and its unit area mass is not less than 130g / ㎡; the waterproof and breathable layer is composed of a third nonwoven spunlace felt and a waterproof and breathable membrane, and its unit area mass is not less than 80g / ㎡; the outer layer introduces polyimide with a proportion of not less than 30% and a unit area mass of not less than 180g / ㎡.

[0006] Furthermore, during the final assembly process, the waterproof and breathable membrane surface of the waterproof and breathable layer is positioned facing the skin.

[0007] Furthermore, during the assembly process, the "structural lines" of the "joining points" of the comfort layer, heat insulation layer, waterproof and breathable layer, and outer layer on the main structures of the outer legs, outer torso, and outer arms are staggered by more than 8mm.

[0008] Furthermore, during the assembly process, all seams of the waterproof and breathable layer and the outer layer are sealed with polytetrafluoroethylene flame-retardant adhesive strips and are not exposed.

[0009] Furthermore, during the final assembly process, the outer layer uses 20S / 3 specification flame-retardant aramid sewing yarn at the elbow and knee reinforcement areas, and the sewing density is not less than 14 stitches / 3cm.

[0010] Furthermore, during the final assembly process, 10g / ㎡ flame-retardant polyurethane adhesive is added between the first nonwoven spunlace felt, the glue application, and the second nonwoven spunlace felt.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this utility model: This utility model provides a protective firefighter's firefighting protective suit. Because it adds a comfort layer, a heat insulation layer, a waterproof and breathable layer, and an outer layer, and optimizes each layer, its structure is reasonable. Through the synergistic innovation of the aforementioned materials and processes, a multi-layered, all-round protective system is constructed. It not only selects high-performance flame-retardant materials for each layer's base material, but also precisely reinforces the weakest seam areas of traditional protective suits through designs such as "structural line misalignment" and "sealing with adhesive strips." The resulting overall flame-retardant thermal protection performance (tested according to ISO 13506-1 standard) reaches an excellent level of less than 6% total area for second- and third-degree burns. At the same time, the overall weight of the suit is suitable (approximately 2.8–3.1 kg), balancing protection and mobility, providing firefighters with a higher level of safety in extreme fire environments, and is highly practical. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Other features, objects, and advantages of this invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a protective firefighter's firefighting protective suit according to this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the comfort layer structure of a protective firefighter's firefighting protective suit according to this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heat insulation layer structure of a protective firefighter's firefighting protective suit according to this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproof and breathable layer structure of a protective firefighter's firefighting protective suit according to this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the outer structure of a protective firefighter's firefighting suit according to this utility model.

[0013] In the diagram: 1-Comfort layer, 2-Insulation layer, 21-First nonwoven spunlace felt, 22-Adhesive application, 23-Second nonwoven spunlace felt, 3-Waterproof and breathable layer, 31-Third nonwoven spunlace felt, 32-Waterproof and breathable membrane, 4-Outer layer. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0015] Please see Figures 1-5 This utility model provides a technical solution: a protective firefighter's firefighting protective suit, including a comfort layer 1, a heat insulation layer 2, a waterproof and breathable layer 3, and an outer layer 4. The comfort layer 1, heat insulation layer 2, waterproof and breathable layer 3, and outer layer 4 are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The comfort layer 1 is made of carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber woven fabric, and its unit area mass is not less than 100g / ㎡. The heat insulation layer 2 is a three-in-one fabric structure composed of a first non-woven spunlace felt 21, adhesive 22, and a second non-woven spunlace felt 23, and its unit area mass is not less than 130g / ㎡. The waterproof and breathable layer 3 is composed of a third non-woven spunlace felt 31 and a waterproof and breathable membrane 32, and its unit area mass is not less than 80g / ㎡. The outer layer 4 introduces polyimide with a proportion of not less than 30% and a unit area mass of not less than 180g / ㎡.

[0016] As the first embodiment of this utility model: During the overall assembly process, the waterproof and breathable membrane 32 in the waterproof and breathable layer 3 is set with the skin side facing it. The waterproof and breathable membrane is made of polyimide membrane material. By setting the polyimide waterproof and breathable membrane 32 with the skin side, the membrane material can be prevented from directly contacting the high temperature insulation layer and accelerating aging. At the same time, it ensures that sweat can be smoothly discharged from one side of the membrane material, keeping the inner layer dry and improving comfort. This design also helps to buffer heat through the non-woven fabric substrate, thereby delaying the damage of the waterproof and breathable membrane and synergistically improving the protective performance of the equipment.

[0017] During the assembly process, the "structural lines" of the "joining parts" of the main structures on the outside of the legs, the outside of the torso, and the outside of the arms of the comfort layer 1, the heat insulation layer 2, the waterproof and breathable layer 3, and the outer layer 4 are staggered by 8.5mm. This design effectively prevents heat from directly invading the human body along a continuous gap, avoiding heat from penetrating in a straight line along aligned gaps, forming a "stepped" protection and blocking the heat conduction path.

[0018] Comfort layer 1 is a woven fabric made of carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber with a unit area mass of 100g / ㎡.

[0019] During the assembly process, all seams between the waterproof and breathable layer 3 and the outer layer 4 are sealed with flame-retardant polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) strips. The PTFE strips are heat-sealed without being exposed, completely blocking pinholes and gaps at the seams. The waterproof and breathable layer 3 is composed of a 40 g / m² nonwoven spunlace felt 31 (carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber), a 30 g / m² waterproof and breathable membrane 32, and 10 g / m² flame-retardant polyurethane adhesive, for a total unit area mass of 80 g / m². This layer allows sweat vapor to pass through while effectively blocking liquid water and harmful chemicals.

[0020] During the final fabrication, the outer layer 4 uses 20S / 3 flame-retardant aramid yarn for reinforcement at the elbows and knees, with a stitch density of 14 stitches / 3cm. This reinforcement design at key areas enhances the structural strength of easily worn parts, preventing seam breakage or fabric damage caused by frequent activity. Furthermore, the outer layer 4 is made of a blended woven fabric, with 43% polyimide fiber and the remainder being aramid and other high-performance flame-retardant fibers, achieving a unit area mass of 180g / ㎡. The introduction of polyimide fiber significantly improves the fabric's thermal stability and limiting oxygen index.

[0021] During the assembly process, a 10 g / m² flame-retardant polyurethane adhesive is added between the first nonwoven spunlace felt 21, the adhesive layer 22, and the second nonwoven spunlace felt 23. The insulation layer 2 consists of a 40 g / m² layer of the first nonwoven spunlace felt 21 (carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber), a 40 g / m² layer of adhesive layer 22, and another 40 g / m² layer of the second nonwoven spunlace felt 23 (carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber) bonded together by hot pressing. To enhance interlayer bonding and overall flame retardancy, approximately 10 g / m² of flame-retardant polyurethane adhesive is added during the bonding process. The total unit area mass of this insulation layer is approximately 130 g / m², forming a stable and uniform insulation barrier.

[0022] Based on the above four layers of fabric, a protective firefighter firefighting protective suit was finally formed, with a total weight of only 2.8kg. Its flame-retardant and heat protection performance (tested according to ISO 13506-1 standard) reached the excellent level of "the total area of ​​second- and third-degree burns is only 5%". At the same time, because the outer layer introduced polyimide fiber and carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber, the outer surface showed no brittleness or shrinkage after the test, and the appearance remained intact.

[0023] As a second embodiment of this utility model: Based on the first embodiment, this utility model provides an implementation scheme for fire-fighting protective clothing with a higher protection level, which is suitable for higher-risk fire scene environments.

[0024] Comfort layer 1: Woven fabric made of carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber, with a limiting oxygen index ≥35%, fiber strength ≥2.0cN / tex, and woven fabric unit area mass 120g / ㎡.

[0025] Insulation layer 2: It is a three-in-one composite structure of "50g / ㎡ first non-woven spunlace felt 21, 50g / ㎡ adhesive 22 and 50g / ㎡ second non-woven spunlace felt 23", with 10g / ㎡ flame-retardant polyurethane adhesive added between the layers, and the total unit area mass is 160g / ㎡; the coating density of the adhesive layer is increased, and the adhesive is a denser foamed flame-retardant silicone with a three-dimensional mesh structure in the middle. The porosity of the adhesive is maintained at 60% and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.030W / (m・K), which significantly enhances the heat insulation effect.

[0026] Waterproof and breathable layer 3: It is composed of 60g / ㎡ third non-woven spunlace felt 31 and 30g / ㎡ waterproof and breathable membrane 32, combined with 10g / ㎡ flame-retardant polyurethane adhesive, and the total unit area mass of the composite fabric is 100g / ㎡; the waterproof and breathable membrane is made of polytetrafluoroethylene membrane with a direct permeability design, which can withstand high temperature up to 260℃ and has an air permeability of ≥9000g / (m²・24h), taking into account both high temperature stability and breathable comfort.

[0027] Outer layer 4: Made of woven fabric blended with 30% polyimide fiber, 30% carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber, 33% meta-aramid fiber, 5% para-aramid fiber and 2% conductive fiber, with a unit area mass of 200g / ㎡. The fabric can withstand high temperatures of over 285℃, the tensile strength of the composite fabric is ≥1000N, the abrasion resistance of the composite fabric exceeds 8000 cycles (Martindale method), and the ability to resist flame radiation is significantly enhanced.

[0028] Based on the above four layers of fabric, the polytetrafluoroethylene waterproof and breathable membrane layer of the waterproof and breathable layer 3 is set to face the skin during the overall processing; the "structural lines" of the "splicing parts" of the main structures of the comfort layer 1, heat insulation layer 2, waterproof and breathable layer 3 and outer layer 4 on the outside of the legs, the outside of the torso and the outside of the arms are staggered by 9mm; all splices of the waterproof and breathable layer 3 and the outer layer 4 are sealed with polytetrafluoroethylene flame retardant adhesive strips; the outer layer 4 uses 20S / 3 specification flame retardant aramid sewing yarn at the elbow and knee reinforcement parts, and the sewing density is 15 stitches / 3cm; 10g / ㎡ flame retardant polyurethane adhesive is added between the first non-woven spunlace felt 21, the glue dot 22 and the second non-woven spunlace felt 23. The result was a protective firefighter's firefighting suit with a total weight of only 2.9 kg. Its flame-retardant and heat protection performance (tested according to ISO 13506-1 standard) reached an excellent level of "the total area of ​​second- and third-degree burns is only 2.5%". At the same time, due to the introduction of polyimide fiber and carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber, the outer layer showed no brittleness or shrinkage after the surface test, and the appearance remained intact.

[0029] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this utility model is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of this utility model. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and thus all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this utility model. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0030] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A protective firefighter's firefighting protective suit, comprising a comfort layer (1), a heat insulation layer (2), a waterproof and breathable layer (3), and an outer layer (4), characterized in that: The comfort layer (1), heat insulation layer (2), waterproof and breathable layer (3) and outer layer (4) are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The comfort layer (1) is made of carbonized polyacrylonitrile fiber woven fabric, and its unit area mass is not less than 100g / ㎡. The heat insulation layer (2) is a three-in-one fabric structure composed of a first nonwoven spunlace felt (21), glue (22) and a second nonwoven spunlace felt (23), and its unit area mass is not less than 130g / ㎡. The waterproof and breathable layer (3) is composed of a third nonwoven spunlace felt (31) and a waterproof and breathable membrane (32), and its unit area mass is not less than 80g / ㎡. The outer layer (4) introduces polyimide fiber with a proportion of not less than 30% and a unit area mass of not less than 180g / ㎡.

2. The protective firefighter suit according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the assembly process, the waterproof and breathable membrane (32) surface layer in the waterproof and breathable layer (3) is positioned facing the skin.

3. The protective firefighter suit according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the assembly process, the comfort layer (1), heat insulation layer (2), waterproof and breathable layer (3), and outer layer (4) are staggered by more than 8mm at the "structural lines" of the "joining parts" of the main structures on the outer side of the legs, the outer side of the torso, and the outer side of the arms.

4. The protective firefighter suit according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the assembly process, all seams of the waterproof and breathable layer (3) and the outer layer (4) are sealed with polytetrafluoroethylene flame-retardant adhesive strips and are not exposed.

5. The protective firefighter suit according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the assembly process, the outer layer (4) uses flame-retardant aramid sewing yarn of specification 20S / 3 at the elbow and knee reinforcement parts, and the sewing density is not less than 14 stitches / 3cm.

6. The protective firefighter's firefighting suit according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the assembly process, 10g / ㎡ flame-retardant polyurethane adhesive is added between the first nonwoven spunlace felt (21), the glue dotting (22), and the second nonwoven spunlace felt (23).

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