A gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure rectifying tower with multi-stage cyclone guide

Abstract

The utility model belongs to rectifying column equipment field, concretely is a kind of negative pressure rectifying column gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multistage cyclone flow guide, to the problems existing in prior art, provide a kind of negative pressure rectifying column gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multistage cyclone flow guide, including tower body, the inside fixedly connected with multiple tower plate that is vertically distributed according to fixed spacing of tower body, cyclone distributor is respectively mounted between adjacent tower plate, the lower portion of cyclone distributor is respectively fixedly connected with flow guide grating, spiral flow state is formed by centrifugal force when gas passes through cyclone distributor, it is evenly passed through liquid layer, in the process of ascending spiral airflow, it is evenly separated by flow guide grating, and it is evenly contacted with liquid, and liquid is gradually separated into mist drop when passing through the sieve hole that is evenly distributed and gradually reduced in diameter from top to bottom, and it is fully contacted with the gas that is evenly distributed below, effectively improve mass transfer efficiency and effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of distillation tower equipment, specifically relating to a negative pressure distillation tower gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide. Background Technology

[0002] As a core piece of equipment for separating mixtures in chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries, the separation efficiency of distillation columns directly determines product purity, energy consumption, and production stability. During distillation, sufficient contact and uniform mixing of the rising gas flow and the descending liquid on the surface of the trays or packing are crucial prerequisites for efficient mass transfer. However, due to the distribution of flow holes, differences in pressure drop across the trays (3), or uneven liquid layer height, the gas velocity distribution across the tray cross-section becomes uneven, leading to local velocity differences and easily affecting the gas-liquid mass transfer effect. (For example, if applying...) Patent application No. 202110213949.X discloses a distillation column for continuous distillation in fine chemicals, comprising a top cover and a support plate. The top cover has a gas outlet at its top, a liquid inlet pipe passing through its upper right side, and a distillation chamber fixedly connected to its bottom, with the left end of the liquid inlet pipe connected to a connecting pipe. A uniform distribution plate is fixedly snapped to the bottom of the distillation chamber. A packing chamber is fixedly connected to the bottom of the uniform distribution plate. A support chamber is fixedly welded to the bottom of the packing chamber. A liquid outlet hopper is fixedly snapped to the top of the support chamber via a sealing ring. The support plate is fixedly snapped to the top of the packing chamber. This invention utilizes the support plate to evenly distribute condenser tubes, ensuring uniform liquid distribution within the condenser tubes and preventing liquid from flowing down the distillation chamber wall. This reduces wall flow phenomena after the liquid passes through the packing layer, allowing for uniform distribution of the gas and liquid phases within the packing layer, thereby improving mass transfer efficiency. In contrast, existing technologies can only address the problem of uneven gas-liquid phase distribution within packed columns, failing to address the issue of uneven gas velocity distribution across the cross-section of the trays in plate columns, leading to localized velocity differences. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, this utility model provides a negative pressure distillation column gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide, which effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above problems is as follows: A negative pressure distillation column gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide includes a column body, with multiple vertically distributed trays fixedly connected inside the column body at fixed intervals, swirl distributors installed between adjacent trays, and flow guide grids fixedly connected below the swirl distributors. The swirl distributor includes a shroud and an impeller rotatably connected inside the shroud; The flow guide grid includes a first screen plate, a second screen plate, and a third screen plate. The surfaces of the first screen plate, the second screen plate, and the third screen plate are respectively provided with screen holes, and the diameter of the screen holes decreases from top to bottom. A guide structure is provided between the impeller and the second screen plate, which forms a structure for the second screen plate to vibrate up and down when the impeller rotates.

[0005] Preferably, the impeller includes a central wheel and multiple blades fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the central wheel. The multiple blades are inclined to the same side at the same angle. A rotating rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the central wheel, and the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shroud.

[0006] Preferably, the upper end of the sieve hole on the upper end of the first sieve plate is provided with an outwardly extending guide slope.

[0007] Preferably, metal mesh is fixedly connected to the inner side of the sieve holes on the surface of the second sieve plate, and the sieve holes on the surface of the third sieve plate have a honeycomb structure.

[0008] Preferably, the first screen plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the flow guide, and a plurality of spring folding pieces are fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the first screen plate, and the second screen plate and the third screen plate are fixedly connected to the spring folding pieces respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating rod enters the sieve hole in the middle of the second sieve plate through the sieve hole in the center of the first sieve plate; The guiding structure includes pins that are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the screen holes at the center of the second screen plate on opposite sides. The rotating rod located on the inner side of the screen hole at the center of the second screen plate has an annular wave groove on its surface, and the pins mesh with the corresponding annular wave grooves.

[0010] Preferably, the flow guide is a Venturi tube structure with openings at both the top and bottom, and a contraction opening that narrows inward in the middle part.

[0011] Preferably, an upper collecting hood and a lower collecting hood are fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the tower body, respectively. The upper collecting hood has a gas outlet at its upper end, which narrows inward, and the lower collecting hood has a liquid outlet at its lower end, which narrows inward.

[0012] This utility model has a novel structure, ingenious design, and is simple and convenient to operate. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: When the gas passes through the impeller, it can drive the impeller to rotate under the impeller flow. During the rotation, centrifugal force is generated, which causes the rising airflow to form a spiral flow under negative pressure. It passes through the liquid layer evenly. During the upward process of the spiral airflow, it is evenly separated by the guide grid and comes into uniform contact with the liquid. As the liquid flows from top to bottom, it is gradually separated into droplets by the screen holes that are evenly distributed and gradually decrease in diameter. It comes into full contact with the gas that is evenly distributed below, which effectively improves the mass transfer efficiency and effect. The structure that causes the second sieve plate to vibrate up and down when the impeller rotates generates instantaneous air pressure during the up and down vibration of the second sieve plate. It interacts with the gas and applies pressure to the surfaces of the adjacent first and third sieve plates, further preventing impurities from remaining at the sieve holes on the surfaces of the first, second, and third sieve plates. This helps to improve the flowability of the sieve holes and facilitates the flow of gas and liquid phases. When a high-speed airflow carrying tiny droplets passes through a metal grid, the airflow is forced to change direction due to the pores. The droplets, under the influence of inertial forces, are more likely to collide with and be trapped by the fibers. The wettability of the metal wire surface causes the droplets to spread on the surface and briefly form a liquid film. The subsequent airflow will shear the liquid film, breaking it into even smaller droplets that are remixed into the airflow. The two interweave and wrap around each other in the pore space of the metal grid, forming a premixed state of gas-liquid interweaving. This achieves the initial dispersion and mixing of gas and liquid, which is beneficial to improving the mass transfer effect of the gas and liquid phases. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a negative pressure distillation tower gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide according to the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of a negative pressure distillation tower with a multi-stage swirl guide and a gas-liquid uniform distribution tray according to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tray structure of a negative pressure distillation tower with multi-stage swirl flow guide and gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the swirl distributor and flow guide grid structure of a negative pressure distillation tower gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide structure of a negative pressure distillation tower gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first, second, and third sieve plates of a negative pressure distillation column gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a first schematic diagram of the guiding structure of a negative pressure distillation column gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a second schematic diagram of the guiding structure of a negative pressure distillation column gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device with multi-stage swirl flow guide according to the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Tower body, 3-Tower plate, 4-Flow hole, 5-Upper collecting hood, 6-Lower collecting hood, 7-First sieve plate, 8-Second sieve plate, 9-Third sieve plate, 10-Spring folding plate, 11-Guide hood, 12-Contraction port, 13-Rotating rod, 14-Impeller, 15-Sieve hole, 17-Metal mesh, 18-Honeycomb structure hole, 19-Annular wave groove, 20-Pin shaft, 21-Blade. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1-8 As shown, a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guide and gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device includes a column body 1. Multiple vertically distributed trays 3 at fixed intervals are fixedly connected inside the column body 1. Multiple flow holes 4 are opened on the surface of each tray 3. Liquid passes through each tray 3 from top to bottom under gravity and is discharged from the bottom of the column. Gas, driven by pressure difference, passes through the openings on the trays 3 from bottom to top and is discharged from the top of the column. Each tray 3 stores a certain amount of liquid. When gas passes through the liquid layer on the tray, the two phases come into contact and mass transfer occurs. Flow guide grids are fixedly connected below the swirl distributor. The flow guide grid includes a first sieve plate 7, a second sieve plate 8, and a third sieve plate 9. Each of the three sieve plates has a sieve hole 15, with the diameter of the sieve hole 15 decreasing from top to bottom. Due to the distribution of the flow holes 4, pressure drop differences in the trays 3, or uneven liquid level, the gas velocity distribution across the cross-section of the trays 3 is uneven, resulting in local velocity differences. To address the issues of gas velocity and uneven distribution, swirling distributors are installed between adjacent trays 3. Each swirling distributor includes a flow guide shroud 11 and an impeller 14 rotatably connected to the inner side of the flow guide shroud 11. When gas passes through the impeller 14, the impeller 14 rotates under the impeller's flow, generating centrifugal force during rotation. This causes the rising airflow to form a spiral flow under negative pressure, uniformly passing through the liquid level. During the upward movement of the spiral airflow, it is evenly distributed by the flow guide grid. The liquid is evenly separated and in uniform contact with the gas. As the liquid flows from top to bottom, it is gradually separated into droplets through the evenly distributed and gradually decreasing diameter sieve holes 15, allowing it to fully contact the evenly distributed gas below, effectively improving mass transfer efficiency and effect. Furthermore, in order to achieve automatic cleaning of the first sieve plate 7, the second sieve plate 8, and the third sieve plate 9 and prevent material from scaling and clogging the sieve holes 15, a guide structure is provided between the impeller 14 and the second sieve plate 8. When the impeller 14 rotates, it forms a structure that causes the second sieve plate 8 to vibrate up and down. During the up and down vibration of the second sieve plate 8, instantaneous air pressure is generated, which interacts with the gas and applies pressure to the surfaces of the adjacent first sieve plate 7 and third sieve plate 9. This further prevents impurities from remaining at the sieve holes 15 on the surfaces of the first sieve plate 7, the second sieve plate 8, and the third sieve plate 9, which helps to improve the flowability of the sieve holes 15 and facilitates the flow of both gas and liquid phases.

[0024] Furthermore, the impeller 14 includes a central wheel and multiple blades 21 fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the central wheel. The multiple blades 21 are inclined to the same side at the same angle, which helps to drive the impeller 14 to rotate when the gas flows upward. A rotating rod 13 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the central wheel. The rotating rod 13 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shroud 11. Under the action of the rotating rod 13 and the guide shroud 11, the impeller 14 can rotate stably inside the guide shroud 11.

[0025] Furthermore, an outwardly extending guide slope is provided at the upper opening of the sieve hole 15 at the upper end of the first sieve plate 7. The guide slope is used to guide the liquid on the surface of the first sieve plate 7 to the sieve hole 15, so that the liquid can flow downward through the sieve hole 15 on the surface of the first sieve plate 7 and avoid excessive liquid retention at the upper end of the first sieve plate 7; metal mesh 17 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the sieve hole 15 on the surface of the second sieve plate 8 respectively. The metal mesh 17 is made of a large number of interwoven metal wires, forming a large number of three-dimensional interconnected micropores. When the high-speed airflow carries micro-droplets through the metal mesh, the airflow is forced to change direction due to the limitation of the pores. The droplets are more likely to collide with the fibers and be trapped due to inertial force. At the same time, the wettability of the metal wire surface causes the droplets to spread on the surface and form a liquid film for a short time. The subsequent airflow will shear the liquid film, breaking it into smaller droplets and re-mixing it into the airflow. The two interweave and wrap each other in the pore space of the metal mesh 17, forming a premixed state of gas-liquid interweaving, realizing the initial dispersion and mixing of gas and liquid. Furthermore, the metal mesh 17 has a large specific surface area, which can provide a sufficient contact interface for the gas and liquid phases. When the gas and liquid phases flow through the mesh, not only will a liquid film be formed briefly, but local eddies and stagnation zones will also be formed in the pores, prolonging the gas-liquid contact time. This continuous contact allows the gas to fully dissolve in the liquid and the liquid to fully evaporate into the gas, laying a uniform premixing foundation for the subsequent deep mass transfer in the lower microchannel array, and ultimately improving the overall mass transfer efficiency. The sieve holes 15 on the surface of the third sieve plate 9 are honeycomb structure holes 18. The regular arrangement of the honeycomb structure holes 18 makes the airflow resistance distribution uniform and can reduce surface stagnation dead corners, effectively preventing the deposition and blockage of small particles in the channels and improving the long-term operational stability of the grid.

[0026] Furthermore, the first sieve plate 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the flow guide shroud 11, and a plurality of spring folding pieces 10 are fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the first sieve plate 7. The second sieve plate 8 and the third sieve plate 9 are fixedly connected to the spring folding pieces 10 respectively. The spring folding is used to enable the second sieve plate 8 and the second sieve plate 9 to have a buffer displacement for up and down vibration. The rotating rod 13 enters the screen hole 15 in the middle of the second screen plate 8 through the screen hole 15 in the center of the first screen plate 7; the guiding structure includes pins 20 that are fixedly connected to the corresponding sides of the inner wall of the screen hole 15 in the center of the second screen plate 8. The rotating rod 13 located inside the screen hole 15 in the center of the second screen plate 8 has an annular wave groove 19 on its surface. The pins 20 mesh with the corresponding annular wave grooves 19. When the impeller 14 rotates, it drives the rotating rod 13 to rotate. When the rotating rod 13 rotates, it can drive the second screen plate 8 to vibrate up and down through the sliding cooperation between the annular wave groove 19 and the pin 20.

[0027] Furthermore, the flow guide shroud 11 has a Venturi tube structure with openings at both the top and bottom, and a contraction port 12 that narrows inward in the middle. When the gas passes through the lower opening of the flow guide shroud 11 to the contraction port 12 in the middle, the flow velocity increases further, thereby increasing the shear force of the gas flowing through the liquid and helping to drive the impeller 14 to rotate. Furthermore, the upper and lower ends of the tower body 1 are respectively fixedly connected to an upper collecting shroud 5 and a lower collecting shroud 6. The upper end of the upper collecting shroud 5 has a gas outlet that narrows inward, and the circumferential surface is a conical slope, which helps to collect and discharge the gas. The lower end of the lower collecting shroud 6 has a liquid outlet that narrows inward, and the circumferential surface is also a conical slope, which helps to collect and discharge the liquid downward, avoid liquid stagnation, and further improve the use effect of this application.

[0028] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative examples illustrating the spirit of this utility model. Those skilled in the art to which this utility model pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them, without departing from the spirit of this utility model or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guidance, comprising a column body (1), wherein multiple trays (3) are fixedly connected inside the column body (1) and vertically distributed at fixed intervals, characterized in that: Swirl distributors are installed between adjacent tower plates (3), and flow guide grids are fixedly connected below the swirl distributors; The swirl distributor includes a shroud (11) and an impeller (14) rotatably connected to the inside of the shroud (11). The flow guide grid includes a first screen plate (7), a second screen plate (8) and a third screen plate (9). The surfaces of the first screen plate (7), the second screen plate (8) and the third screen plate (9) are respectively provided with screen holes (15), and the diameter of the screen holes (15) decreases from top to bottom. A guide structure is provided between the impeller (14) and the second screen plate (8), which forms a structure for the second screen plate (8) to vibrate up and down when the impeller (14) rotates.

2. The gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The impeller (14) includes a central wheel and multiple blades (21) fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the central wheel. The multiple blades (21) are inclined to the same side at the same angle. A rotating rod (13) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the central wheel. The rotating rod (13) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shroud (11).

3. The gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper opening of the sieve hole (15) at the upper end of the first sieve plate (7) is provided with a guide slope that extends outward.

4. The gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Metal mesh (17) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the sieve holes (15) on the surface of the second sieve plate (8), and the sieve holes (15) on the surface of the third sieve plate (9) are honeycomb structure holes (18).

5. The gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first sieve plate (7) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide shroud (11). Multiple spring folding pieces (10) are fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the first sieve plate (7). The second sieve plate (8) and the third sieve plate (9) are fixedly connected to the spring folding pieces (10).

6. The gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guide as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating rod (13) enters the sieve hole (15) in the middle of the second sieve plate (8) through the sieve hole (15) in the center of the first sieve plate (7); the guiding structure includes pins (20) that are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the sieve hole (15) in the center of the second sieve plate (8) on both sides respectively. The rotating rod (13) located inside the sieve hole (15) in the center of the second sieve plate (8) has an annular wave groove (19) on its surface, and the pins (20) mesh with the corresponding annular wave grooves (19) respectively.

7. The gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide (11) has a Venturi tube structure with openings at both the top and bottom, and a contraction port (12) that contracts inward in the middle part.

8. The gas-liquid uniform distribution tray device for a negative pressure distillation column with multi-stage swirl flow guide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the tower body (1) are respectively fixedly connected to an upper collecting hood (5) and a lower collecting hood (6). The upper end of the upper collecting hood (5) has a gas outlet that narrows inward, and the lower end of the lower collecting hood (6) has a liquid outlet that narrows inward.

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