A waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption

Abstract

The utility model relates to exhaust treatment technical field, concretely relates to a kind of exhaust treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption, including sequentially communicating along exhaust flow direction: spray pretreatment unit, for carrying out preliminary purification, cooling and humidification to exhaust gas, two-stage activated carbon adsorption unit, for the deep adsorption purification to the exhaust gas after pretreatment, and power delivery and discharge unit, for providing power to system and discharging the gas after purification;Wherein, two-stage activated carbon adsorption unit includes series connection first adsorption unit and secondary adsorption unit;The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the series connection structure design of two-stage activated carbon adsorption unit is used in the application, the airflow distribution path is effectively optimized, the local channeling or short-circuit phenomenon is avoided, to ensure that exhaust gas and adsorbent contact fully, with the problem of airflow distribution uneven is solved, improves the stability of adsorption efficiency and purification effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste gas treatment technology, specifically to a waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous deepening of my country's industrialization and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the environmental pollution caused by industrial waste gas emissions has attracted widespread attention from the whole society. Waste gases generated during industrial production processes are typically complex in composition, containing not only various odorous organic compounds (VOCs), acidic gases (such as SO2 and NOx), and alkaline gases (such as NH3), but also often carrying large amounts of suspended particulate matter such as dust and smoke. If these pollutants are discharged directly without effective treatment, they will cause serious harm to the atmospheric environment, ecosystems, and human health. Therefore, developing efficient, stable, and economical waste gas purification technologies and equipment has become an urgent need in the environmental protection field.

[0003] Currently, the industry commonly employs a combination of technologies to treat complex waste gases. Among these, "spray pretreatment + activated carbon adsorption" is a widely used combined technology. This technology first removes water-soluble pollutants and some particulate matter through a spray tower, which also serves to cool the air. Then, activated carbon's large specific surface area and abundant pore structure adsorb and remove organic pollutants and odorous substances.

[0004] However, in practical applications, the existing "spraying + activated carbon adsorption" system still has many technical bottlenecks and limitations:

[0005] Insufficient adsorption capacity and efficiency: Traditional single-stage activated carbon adsorption beds, especially when using bulk or ordinary block activated carbon, have limited effective adsorption area and are prone to uneven airflow distribution, leading to "channeling" or "short-circuiting" phenomena. This results in insufficient contact between pollutant molecules and activated carbon, causing adsorption efficiency to decline rapidly over time, incomplete purification, and difficulty in continuously meeting increasingly stringent emission standards.

[0006] Therefore, a waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption is needed to overcome the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption, thereby achieving the goal of solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] This application provides a waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0009] A waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption includes the following components connected sequentially along the waste gas flow direction:

[0010] The spray pretreatment unit is used for preliminary purification, cooling, and humidification of the exhaust gas.

[0011] A two-stage activated carbon adsorption unit is used for deep adsorption and purification of pretreated waste gas, and

[0012] The power delivery and emission unit is used to provide power to the system and to discharge the purified gas.

[0013] The dual-stage activated carbon adsorption unit includes a primary adsorption unit and a secondary adsorption unit connected in series.

[0014] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the spray pretreatment unit is a water spray tower, which is equipped with a gas-liquid countercurrent contact structure, and uses circulating spray liquid to dissolve and absorb soluble gaseous pollutants and suspended particulate matter in the waste gas and capture them by inertial collision.

[0015] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the primary adsorption unit adopts a longitudinally parallel drawer-type structure, and is filled with honeycomb activated carbon.

[0016] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the secondary adsorption unit adopts a horizontally parallel drawer-type structure, and is filled with honeycomb activated carbon inside.

[0017] Furthermore, this application proposes that the longitudinally parallel drawer-type structure of the primary adsorption unit and the transversely parallel drawer-type structure of the secondary adsorption unit form a three-dimensional arrangement in which they are connected in a longitudinal and transverse manner, so as to form a multi-dimensional and multi-directional adsorption network.

[0018] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the power transmission and emission unit includes a centrifugal fan and a chimney connected to the fan outlet.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model embodiment are as follows:

[0020] This application adopts a series structure design of two-stage activated carbon adsorption units, which effectively optimizes the airflow distribution path and avoids local channeling or short-circuiting, thereby ensuring full contact between the waste gas and the adsorbent. It solves the problem of uneven airflow distribution and improves the stability of adsorption efficiency and purification effect. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Spray pretreatment unit; 2. Two-stage activated carbon adsorption unit; 3. Power transmission and emission unit;

[0023] 21. Primary adsorption unit; 22. Secondary adsorption unit;

[0024] 31. Centrifugal fan; 32. Chimney. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] See Figure 1 This utility model discloses a waste gas treatment system based on dual-stage activated carbon adsorption, comprising the following components connected sequentially along the waste gas flow direction: a spray pretreatment unit 1 for preliminary purification, cooling and humidification of the waste gas; a dual-stage activated carbon adsorption unit 2 for deep adsorption purification of the pretreated waste gas; and a power transmission and emission unit 3 for providing power to the system and discharging the purified gas; wherein the dual-stage activated carbon adsorption unit 2 includes a primary adsorption unit 21 and a secondary adsorption unit 22 connected in series.

[0027] The spray pretreatment unit 1 can be understood as a device that performs preliminary treatment of waste gas using a liquid medium. Its main function is to remove soluble pollutants and particulate matter from the waste gas and to adjust the temperature and humidity of the waste gas. For example, a multi-layer packed tower structure can be used, where a liquid film is formed on the surface of the packing material by circulating liquid, which comes into countercurrent contact with the waste gas to achieve dissolution absorption and inertial collision capture. Furthermore, the spray liquid can be an alkaline solution or an acidic solution to chemically remove specific types of gaseous pollutants.

[0028] The dual-stage activated carbon adsorption unit 2 enhances the purification effect of waste gas through a staged adsorption mechanism. Specifically, the primary adsorption unit 21 and the secondary adsorption unit 22 can be arranged in different ways according to actual needs. For example, the primary adsorption unit 21 can be designed as a horizontally stacked structure filled with granular activated carbon, while the secondary adsorption unit 22 can adopt a vertically layered structure filled with fibrous activated carbon. This arrangement can generate a staged adsorption mechanism based on the waste gas concentration gradient, thereby extending the effective contact time between the waste gas and the adsorption material. In addition, the selection of activated carbon can also be adjusted according to the characteristics of the target pollutants, such as selecting activated carbon with different pore size distributions to adapt to pollutants of different molecular sizes.

[0029] The function of the power transmission and emission unit 3 is to provide stable airflow power for the system and to discharge the purified gas into the atmosphere. For example, airflow can be transmitted by setting up an axial flow fan or a mixed flow fan, while a silencer is added at the fan outlet to reduce operating noise.

[0030] The design of the two-stage activated carbon adsorption unit 2 optimizes the airflow path and pollutant removal process. Compared with traditional single-stage adsorption systems, this scheme uses the first-stage adsorption unit 21 to prioritize the treatment of high-concentration pollutants and the second-stage adsorption unit 22 for fine purification, which suppresses channeling or short-circuiting phenomena caused by uneven airflow distribution, thereby significantly improving the overall adsorption capacity and stability.

[0031] This application achieves highly efficient purification of industrial waste gas through the coordinated operation of a spray pretreatment unit 1, a two-stage activated carbon adsorption unit 2, and a power transmission and emission unit 3. The spray pretreatment unit 1 first performs preliminary purification of the waste gas, simultaneously reducing its temperature and increasing its humidity. This provides suitable airflow conditions for subsequent adsorption stages, preventing high-concentration pollutants or particulate matter from directly impacting the activated carbon and causing pore blockage or decreased adsorption efficiency. In the two-stage activated carbon adsorption unit 2, the primary adsorption unit 21 and the secondary adsorption unit 22 are connected in series along the waste gas flow direction. The primary adsorption unit 21 prioritizes high-concentration pollutants and bears the main adsorption load, while the secondary adsorption unit 22 performs fine purification on residual low-concentration pollutants. This staged adsorption mechanism effectively prolongs the contact time between the waste gas and the activated carbon, suppressing channeling or short-circuiting phenomena caused by uneven airflow distribution, thereby significantly improving adsorption capacity and purification thoroughness. Furthermore, the power delivery and emission unit 3 provides stable airflow power to ensure that the exhaust gas can pass evenly and smoothly through the spray pretreatment unit 1 and the dual-stage activated carbon adsorption unit 2, and finally reliably discharge the purified gas. Thus, the entire system can operate continuously and efficiently under complex operating conditions, solving the technical problems of insufficient adsorption capacity and uneven airflow distribution in traditional single-stage activated carbon adsorption systems.

[0032] This application further proposes that the spray pretreatment unit 1 is a water spray tower, which is equipped with a gas-liquid countercurrent contact structure. The circulating spray liquid dissolves, absorbs and inertially captures soluble gaseous pollutants and suspended particulate matter in the waste gas.

[0033] The spray pretreatment unit 1 achieves efficient interaction between waste gas and spray liquid through its internal gas-liquid countercurrent contact structure. The waste gas flows upwards, while the spray liquid is sprayed downwards from the top of the tower, forming a counter-current motion pattern. This design significantly increases the gas-liquid contact area and effectively avoids the airflow short-circuiting phenomenon common in co-current flow methods. Simultaneously, the continuous supply mechanism of the circulating spray liquid ensures the stability of the liquid medium, enabling efficient dissolution and absorption of soluble gaseous pollutants in the waste gas, and intercepting suspended particulate matter through the inertial collision force of the droplets.

[0034] This application further proposes the above-mentioned waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption, wherein the first-stage adsorption unit 21 adopts a longitudinally parallel drawer-type structure and is filled with honeycomb activated carbon.

[0035] Vertically arranged drawer-type structures refer to multiple independent drawer units arranged vertically. They utilize a metal frame and sliding rails to achieve flexible push-pull operation, facilitating quick replacement and maintenance of activated carbon. Gravity also optimizes airflow distribution. Honeycomb activated carbon is an adsorbent material with a regular pore structure. Different pore sizes can be selected from honeycomb-shaped molded activated carbon to provide uniform airflow channels and a larger effective adsorption area.

[0036] This application further proposes that the secondary adsorption unit 22 adopts a horizontally parallel drawer-type structure and is filled with honeycomb activated carbon.

[0037] The horizontally arranged drawer-type structure refers to an arrangement of multiple drawer-shaped components horizontally. It can be implemented using modular drawer units, each of which can be independently pulled out and installed for easy maintenance and replacement. The design purpose of this structure is to optimize the distribution of waste gas within the adsorption unit by changing the direction of the airflow path, avoiding channeling caused by rapid airflow in a single direction. Honeycomb activated carbon is an adsorption material with a regular pore structure. Different pore sizes of honeycomb-shaped activated carbon can be selected to provide uniform airflow channels and a larger effective adsorption area.

[0038] This application further proposes the above-mentioned waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption, wherein the longitudinally parallel drawer-type structure of the primary adsorption unit 21 and the transversely parallel drawer-type structure of the secondary adsorption unit 22 form a three-dimensional arrangement in series, so as to form a multi-dimensional and multi-directional adsorption network.

[0039] By combining longitudinally parallel drawer-type structures with laterally parallel drawer-type structures, a multi-dimensional and multi-directional adsorption network is constructed. The primary adsorption unit 21 employs a longitudinally parallel drawer-type structure, enabling uniform vertical dispersion of the exhaust gas, thereby improving the stability and uniformity of the initial adsorption. The secondary adsorption unit 22 employs a laterally parallel drawer-type structure, addressing the need for horizontal airflow expansion, extending the residence time of the exhaust gas in the adsorption layer, and increasing the contact area, thus facilitating more comprehensive capture of residual pollutant molecules. This three-dimensional arrangement, combining the vertical uniformity of the longitudinal structure with the horizontal extensibility of the transverse structure, creates a three-dimensional airflow channel network. This allows the exhaust gas to fully interact with the activated carbon from multiple angles and directions as it passes through the system, effectively eliminating the limitations of unidirectional flow and preventing short-circuiting. Meanwhile, this arrangement fully utilizes the spatial characteristics of the primary adsorption unit 21 and the secondary adsorption unit 22, achieving full coverage of the adsorption process in the spatial dimension. This ensures that pollutant molecules are efficiently captured in different directions, thereby significantly enhancing the overall adsorption capacity and purification thoroughness of the system and solving the problems of uneven airflow distribution and insufficient adsorption efficiency.

[0040] This application further proposes a power transmission and emission unit 3 including a centrifugal fan 31 and a chimney 32 connected to the fan outlet. The centrifugal fan 31 is a mechanical device that uses a rotating impeller to generate centrifugal force to transport gas, aiming to provide a stable airflow output and overcome system resistance. The chimney 32 can be understood as a vertically installed exhaust pipe, which can be implemented using a steel cylinder structure or a concrete pouring structure, with the purpose of raising the purified gas to a certain height for diffusion and emission.

[0041] Centrifugal fan 31 serves as the core power source, ensuring a constant and uniform flow rate of exhaust gas within the system through its unique pressure characteristics. Chimney 32, directly connected to the outlet of centrifugal fan 31, utilizes its height to facilitate rapid diffusion of the purified gas into the atmosphere.

[0042] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," which indicate direction or positional relationships, are based on the direction or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are used merely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] The term "comprising" or any other similar term is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus / device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to those processes, articles, or apparatus / devices.

[0045] The technical solution of this utility model has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the protection scope of this utility model is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of this utility model, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A waste gas treatment system based on two-stage activated carbon adsorption, characterized in that, Including those connected sequentially along the direction of exhaust gas flow: The spray pretreatment unit (1) is used for preliminary purification, cooling, and humidification of the exhaust gas. A dual-stage activated carbon adsorption unit (2) is used to deeply adsorb and purify the pretreated waste gas, and a power transmission and emission unit (3) is used to provide power to the system and discharge the purified gas. The dual-stage activated carbon adsorption unit (2) includes a primary adsorption unit (21) and a secondary adsorption unit (22) connected in series.

2. The waste gas treatment system based on dual-stage activated carbon adsorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray pretreatment unit (1) is a water spray tower, which is equipped with a gas-liquid countercurrent contact structure. The circulating spray liquid dissolves, absorbs and inertially captures soluble gaseous pollutants and suspended particulate matter in the waste gas.

3. The waste gas treatment system based on dual-stage activated carbon adsorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary adsorption unit (21) adopts a longitudinally parallel drawer-type structure and is filled with honeycomb activated carbon.

4. The waste gas treatment system based on dual-stage activated carbon adsorption according to claim 3, characterized in that, The secondary adsorption unit (22) adopts a horizontally parallel drawer-type structure and is filled with honeycomb activated carbon.

5. The waste gas treatment system based on dual-stage activated carbon adsorption according to claim 4, characterized in that, The longitudinally parallel drawer-type structure of the primary adsorption unit (21) and the transversely parallel drawer-type structure of the secondary adsorption unit (22) form a three-dimensional arrangement in which they are connected in a longitudinal and transverse manner, so as to form a multi-dimensional and multi-directional adsorption network.

6. The waste gas treatment system based on dual-stage activated carbon adsorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power transmission and emission unit (3) includes a centrifugal fan (31) and a chimney (32) connected to the fan outlet.

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